| structure and evolution of chlorate reduction composite transposons. | the genes for chlorate reduction in six bacterial strains were analyzed in order to gain insight into the metabolism. a newly isolated chlorate-reducing bacterium (shewanella algae acdc) and three previously isolated strains (ideonella dechloratans, pseudomonas sp. strain pk, and dechloromarinus chlorophilus nss) were genome sequenced and compared to published sequences (alicycliphilus denitrificans bc plasmid palide01 and pseudomonas chloritidismutans aw-1). de novo assembly of genomes failed t ... | 2013 | 23919996 |
| hydroquinone: environmental pollution, toxicity, and microbial answers. | hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. in the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. recent pieces of evidence showed that hydroquinone is able to enhance carcinogenic risk by generating dna damage and also ... | 2013 | 23936816 |
| monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy for the rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens. | the diagnosis of melioidosis depends on the culture of burkholderia pseudomallei, which takes at least 48 hours. we used a polyclonal-fitc-based immunofluorescence microscopic assay (pab-ifa) on clinical samples to provide a rapid presumptive diagnosis. this has limitations including photobleaching and batch-to-batch variability. this study evaluated an ifa based on a monoclonal antibody specific to b. pseudomallei (mab-ifa) and alexa fluor 488. a diagnostic evaluation was performed on a prospec ... | 2013 | 23716405 |
| key role for efflux in the preservative susceptibility and adaptive resistance of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. | bacteria from the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are encountered as industrial contaminants, and little is known about the species involved or their mechanisms of preservative resistance. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) revealed that multiple bcc species may cause contamination, with b. lata (n = 17) and b. cenocepacia (n = 11) dominant within the collection examined. at the strain level, 11 of the 31 industrial sequence types identified had also been recovered from either natural environm ... | 2013 | 23587949 |
| microbial biosensors: engineered microorganisms as the sensing machinery. | whole-cell biosensors are a good alternative to enzyme-based biosensors since they offer the benefits of low cost and improved stability. in recent years, live cells have been employed as biosensors for a wide range of targets. in this review, we will focus on the use of microorganisms that are genetically modified with the desirable outputs in order to improve the biosensor performance. different methodologies based on genetic/protein engineering and synthetic biology to construct microorganism ... | 2013 | 23648649 |
| multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus microscan walkaway for reading microscan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. | this study compared the biomic automated well reader results to the microscan walkaway results for reading microscan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels at four different sites. routine fresh clinical isolates and quality control (qc) organisms were tested at each study site. a total of 46,176 microscan panel drug-organism combinations were read. the biomic category agreement for 3,117 gram-negative bacteria was 98.4%, with 1.4% minor and 0.2% major discrepancies. the biomic c ... | 2013 | 23486713 |
| complexity, temporal stability, and clinical correlates of airway bacterial community composition in primary ciliary dyskinesia. | primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is a genetic disease characterized by abnormalities in ciliary function, leading to compromised airway clearance and chronic bacterial infection of the upper and lower airways. the compositions of these infections and the relationships between their characteristics and disease presentation are poorly defined. we describe here the first systematic culture-independent evaluation of lower airway bacteriology in pcd. thirty-three airway samples (26 from sputum, 7 fro ... | 2013 | 24068019 |
| prevent infection linked to the dialysis water in a hemodialysis center in fez city (morocco). | water treatment systems are a critical variable in dialysis therapy. rigorous control of hemodialysis water quality is particularly important in order to guarantee a better quality of life of the hemodialysis patients. the objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical, microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from water and dialysate in a public hd center. | 2013 | 24839530 |
| the use of platensimycin and platencin to fight antibiotic resistance. | infectious diseases are known as one of the most life-threatening disabilities worldwide. approximately 13 million deaths related to infectious diseases are reported each year. the only way to combat infectious diseases is by chemotherapy using antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. however, due to uncontrolled and unnecessary use of antibiotics in particular, surviving bacteria have evolved resistance against several antibiotics. emergence of multidrug resistance in bacteria over the past severa ... | 2013 | 24082790 |
| comparative genomic analysis and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene (btex) degradation pathways of pseudoxanthomonas spadix bd-a59. | pseudoxanthomonas spadix bd-a59, isolated from gasoline-contaminated soil, has the ability to degrade all six btex (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene) compounds. the genomic features of strain bd-a59 were analyzed bioinformatically and compared with those of another fully sequenced pseudoxanthomonas strain, p. suwonensis 11-1, which was isolated from cotton waste compost. the genome of strain bd-a59 differed from that of strain 11-1 in many characteristics, including the n ... | 2013 | 23160122 |
| persistence of microbial communities including pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital environment: a potential health hazard. | the persistence of microbial communities and how they change in indoor environments is of immense interest to public health. moreover, hospital acquired infections are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. evidence suggests that, in hospital environments agent transfer between surfaces causes healthcare associated infections in humans, and that surfaces are an important transmission route and may act as a reservoir for some of the pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the diversi ... | 2014 | 24885173 |
| performance of mass spectrometric identification of bacteria and yeasts routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory using maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is an emerging technology newly applied to identifying bacterial and yeast strains. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the vitek(®) ms system in the identification of bacteria and yeast strains routinely isolated from clinical samples. | 2014 | 24822114 |
| directly sampling the lung of a young child with cystic fibrosis reveals diverse microbiota. | the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (cf) are chronically infected with a variety of bacterial species. although routine culture methods are usually used to diagnose these infections, culture-independent, dna-based methods have identified many bacterial species in cf respiratory secretions that are not routinely cultured. many prior culture-independent studies focused either on microbiota in explanted cf lungs, reflecting end-stage disease, or those in oropharyngeal swabs, which likely sam ... | 2014 | 25072206 |
| evaluation of molecular methods to improve the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and water samples from laos. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal disease of humans and animals. it is endemic in northern australia and southeast asia and is found in soil and surface water. the environmental distribution of b. pseudomallei worldwide and within countries where it is endemic, such as the lao people's democratic republic (laos), remains unclear. however, this knowledge is important to our understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of b. pseudomallei and to ... | 2015 | 25819969 |
| a duplex pcr assay for the detection of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype ii strains in musa spp. | banana wilt outbreaks that are attributable to moko disease-causing strains of the pathogen ralstonia solanacearum (rs) remain a social and economic burden for both multinational corporations and subsistence farmers. all known moko strains belong to the phylotype ii lineage, which has been previously recognized for its broad genetic basis. moko strains are paraphyletic and are distributed among seven related but distinct phylogenetic clusters (sequevars) that are potentially major threats to mus ... | 2015 | 25811378 |
| opportunistic pathogens and elements of the resistome that are common in bottled mineral water support the need for continuous surveillance. | several differences concerning bacterial species, opportunistic pathogens, elements of the resistome as well as variations concerning the cfu/ml counts were identified in some of the five most marketed bottled mineral water from araraquara city, são paulo, brazil. two out of five brands tested were confirmed as potential source of opportunistic pathogens, including mycobacterium gordonae, ralstonia picketti and burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). a total of one hundred and six isolates were reco ... | 2015 | 25803794 |
| contribution of the bact/alert mb mycobacterium bottle to bloodstream infection surveillance in thailand: added yield for burkholderia pseudomallei. | community-acquired bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, but microbiology capacity and surveillance limitations have challenged good descriptions of pathogen distribution in many regions, including southeast asia. active surveillance for bloodstream infections has been conducted in two rural thailand provinces for >7 years. blood specimens were divided into two culture bottles, one optimized for aerobic growth (f bottle) and a second for enhanced growth of m ... | 2015 | 25588650 |
| cationic synthetic peptides: assessment of their antimicrobial potency in liquid preserved boar semen. | various semen extender formulas are in use to maintain sperm longevity and quality whilst acting against bacterial contamination in liquid sperm preservation. aminoglycosides are commonly supplemented to aid in the control of bacteria. as bacterial resistance is increasing worldwide, antimicrobial peptides (amps) received lively interest as alternatives to overcome multi-drug resistant bacteria. we investigated, whether synthetic cationic amps might be a suitable alternative for conventional ant ... | 2014 | 25148109 |
| isolation, identification and characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil of coastal region of india. | melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by a free living soil dwelling gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is endemic to most parts of southeast asia and northern australia and the organism has been isolated from moist soil and water. in india clinical cases are recently reported from the states of tamilnadu, kerala, karnataka, maharashtra, orissa, assam, west bengal, pondicherry and tripura. this study is aimed to confirm the prevalence of this important ... | 2014 | 25187882 |
| the variability of the order burkholderiales representatives in the healthcare units. | the order burkholderiales became more abundant in the healthcare units since the late 1970s; it is especially dangerous for intensive care unit patients and patients with chronic lung diseases. the goal of this investigation was to reveal the real variability of the order burkholderiales representatives and to estimate their phylogenetic relationships. | 2015 | 26114111 |
| clinical relevance of molecular identification of microorganisms and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in bloodstream infections of paediatric cancer patients. | bloodstream infections (bsis) are the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. molecular techniques are used for rapid diagnosis of bsi, allowing early therapy and improving survival. we aimed to establish whether real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) could improve early diagnosis and therapy in paediatric cancer patients, and describe the predominant pathogens of bsi and their antimicrobial susceptibility. | 2016 | 27585633 |
| bacterial communities associated with atherosclerotic plaques from russian individuals with atherosclerosis. | atherosclerosis is considered a chronic disease of the arterial wall and is the major cause of severe disease and death among individuals all over the world. some recent studies have established the presence of bacteria in atherosclerotic plaque samples and suggested their possible contribution to the development of cardiovascular disease. the main objective of this preliminary pilot study was to better understand the bacterial diversity and abundance in human atherosclerotic plaques derived fro ... | 2016 | 27736997 |
| to: ralstonia pickettii bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases. | | 2016 | 28099646 |
| data from computational analysis of the peptide linkers in the mocr bacterial transcriptional regulators. | detailed data from statistical analyses of the structural properties of the inter-domain linker peptides of the bacterial regulators of the family mocr are herein reported. mocr regulators are a recently discovered subfamily of bacterial regulators possessing an n-terminal domain, 60 residue long on average, folded as the winged-helix-turn-helix architecture responsible for dna recognition and binding, and a large c-terminal domain (350 residue on average) that belongs to the fold type-i pyridox ... | 2016 | 27668276 |
| members of the genus burkholderia: good and bad guys. | in the 1990s several biocontrol agents on that contained burkholderia strains were registered by the united states environmental protection agency (epa). after risk assessment these products were withdrawn from the market and a moratorium was placed on the registration of burkholderia-containing products, as these strains may pose a risk to human health. however, over the past few years the number of novel burkholderia species that exhibit plant-beneficial properties and are normally not isolate ... | 2016 | 27303639 |
| dynamics of an oligotrophic bacterial aquifer community during contact with a groundwater plume contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes: an in situ mesocosm study. | an in situ mesocosm system was designed to monitor the in situ dynamics of the microbial community in polluted aquifers. the mesocosm system consists of a permeable membrane pocket filled with aquifer material and placed within a polypropylene holder, which is inserted below groundwater level in a monitoring well. after a specific time period, the microcosm is recovered from the well and its bacterial community is analyzed. using this system, we examined the effect of benzene, toluene, ethylbenz ... | 2005 | 16000793 |
| bacterial biosensors for measuring availability of environmental pollutants. | traditionally, pollution risk assessment is based on the measurement of a pollutant's total concentration in a sample. the toxicity of a given pollutant in the environment, however, is tightly linked to its bioavailability, which may differ significantly from the total amount. physico-chemical and biological parameters strongly influence pollutant fate in terms of leaching, sequestration and biodegradation. bacterial sensorreporters, which consist of living micro-organisms genetically engineered ... | 2008 | 27879922 |
| comparison of cultures and 16s rrna sequencing for identification of bacteria in two-stage revision arthroplasties: preliminary report. | the use of a prefabricated spacer in two-stage revision arthroplasty remains one of the few surgery strategies for infected-joint arthroplasty treatment, despite the many unidentified microorganisms in the infected joint replacements reported in some recent studies. the aim of this prospective survey was to investigate if the sonication followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) can improve bacterial identification on the surfaces of prefabricated spacers and if the systemic laboratory mediator ... | 2016 | 27015812 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of pandoraea pnomenusa type strain dsm 16536(t) isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient. | | 2016 | 26903988 |
| fluorescence-based rapid detection of microbiological contaminants in water samples. | microbiological contamination of process waters is a current issue for pharmaceutical industries. traditional methods require several days to obtain results; therefore, rapid microbiological methods are widely requested to shorten time-to-result. milliflex quantum was developed for the rapid detection and enumeration of microorganisms in filterable samples. it combines membrane filtration to universal fluorescent staining of viable microorganisms. this new alternative method was validated using ... | 2012 | 22623887 |
| the pha depolymerase engineering database: a systematic analysis tool for the diverse family of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) depolymerases. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) can be degraded by many microorganisms using intra- or extracellular pha depolymerases. pha depolymerases are very diverse in sequence and substrate specificity, but share a common alpha/beta-hydrolase fold and a catalytic triad, which is also found in other alpha/beta-hydrolases. | 2009 | 19296857 |
| regulation and evolution of malonate and propionate catabolism in proteobacteria. | bacteria catabolize malonate via two pathways, encoded by the mdc and mat genes. in various bacteria, transcription of these genes is controlled by the gntr family transcription factors (tfs) matr/mdcy and/or the lysr family transcription factor mdcr. propionate is metabolized via the methylcitrate pathway, comprising enzymes encoded by the prp and acn genes. prpr, the fis family sigma 54-dependent transcription factor, is known to be a transcriptional activator of the prp genes. here, we report ... | 2012 | 22505679 |
| first investigation of the microbiology of the deepest layer of ocean crust. | the gabbroic layer comprises the majority of ocean crust. opportunities to sample this expansive crustal environment are rare because of the technological demands of deep ocean drilling; thus, gabbroic microbial communities have not yet been studied. during the integrated ocean drilling program expeditions 304 and 305, igneous rock samples were collected from 0.45-1391.01 meters below seafloor at hole 1309d, located on the atlantis massif (30 °n, 42 °w). microbial diversity in the rocks was anal ... | 2010 | 21079766 |
| sequence-based discovery of bradyrhizobium enterica in cord colitis syndrome. | immunosuppression is associated with a variety of idiopathic clinical syndromes that may have infectious causes. it has been hypothesized that the cord colitis syndrome, a complication of umbilical-cord hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, is infectious in origin. | 2013 | 23924002 |
| bactobolin resistance is conferred by mutations in the l2 ribosomal protein. | burkholderia thailandensis produces a family of polyketide-peptide molecules called bactobolins, some of which are potent antibiotics. we found that growth of b. thailandensis at 30°c versus that at 37°c resulted in increased production of bactobolins. we purified the three most abundant bactobolins and determined their activities against a battery of bacteria and mouse fibroblasts. two of the three compounds showed strong activities against both bacteria and fibroblasts. the third analog was mu ... | 2012 | 23249812 |
| effects of high hydrostatic pressure on bacterial growth on human ossicles explanted from cholesteatoma patients. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment can eliminate cholesteatoma cells from explanted human ossicles prior to re-insertion. we analyzed the effects of hhp treatment on the microbial flora on ossicles and on the planktonic and biofilm states of selected isolates. | 2012 | 22291908 |
| analysis of a comprehensive dataset of diversity generating retroelements generated by the program digref. | diversity generating retroelements (dgrs) are genetic cassettes that can introduce tremendous diversity into a short, defined region of the genome. they achieve hypermutation through replacement of the variable region with a strongly mutated cdna copy generated by the element-encoded reverse transcriptase. in contrast to "selfish" retroelements such as group ii introns and retrotransposons, dgrs impart an advantage to their host by increasing its adaptive potential. dgrs were discovered in a bac ... | 2012 | 22928525 |
| isolation and enrichment of cryptosporidium dna and verification of dna purity for whole-genome sequencing. | whole-genome sequencing of cryptosporidium spp. is hampered by difficulties in obtaining sufficient, highly pure genomic dna from clinical specimens. in this study, we developed procedures for the isolation and enrichment of cryptosporidium genomic dna from fecal specimens and verification of dna purity for whole-genome sequencing. the isolation and enrichment of genomic dna were achieved by a combination of three oocyst purification steps and whole-genome amplification (wga) of dna from purifie ... | 2014 | 25520441 |
| mycobacterium abscessus phospholipase c expression is induced during coculture within amoebae and enhances m. abscessus virulence in mice. | mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium involved in pulmonary and cutaneo-mucous infections worldwide, to which cystic fibrosis patients are exquisitely susceptible. the analysis of the genome sequence of m. abscessus showed that this bacterium is endowed with the metabolic pathways typically found in environmental microorganisms that come into contact with soil, plants, and aquatic environments, where free-living amoebae are frequently present. m. abscessus also c ... | 2014 | 25486995 |
| uptake and trans-membrane transport of petroleum hydrocarbons by microorganisms. | petroleum-based products are a primary energy source in the industry and daily life. during the exploration, processing, transport and storage of petroleum and petroleum products, water or soil pollution occurs regularly. biodegradation of the hydrocarbon pollutants by indigenous microorganisms is one of the primary mechanisms of removal of petroleum compounds from the environment. however, the physical contact between microorganisms and hydrophobic hydrocarbons limits the biodegradation rate. t ... | 2014 | 26740752 |
| detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase in pseudomonas spp. isolated from two tertiary care hospitals in bangladesh. | extended spectrum ß-lactamases (esbls) represent a major group of lactamases responsible for resistance, mostly produced by gram-negative bacteria, to newer generations of ß-lactam drugs currently being identified in large numbers worldwide. the present study was undertaken to see the frequency of esbl producing pseudomonas spp. isolated from six hundred clinical specimens (wound, pus, aural, urine, sputum, throat and other swabs) collected over a period of three years from two tertiary care hos ... | 2013 | 23289861 |
| comparative metagenomics reveals impact of contaminants on groundwater microbiomes. | to understand patterns of geochemical cycling in pristine versus contaminated groundwater ecosystems, pristine shallow groundwater (fw301) and contaminated groundwater (fw106) samples from the oak ridge integrated field research center (or-ifrc) were sequenced and compared to each other to determine phylogenetic and metabolic difference between the communities. proteobacteria (e.g., burkholderia, pseudomonas) are the most abundant lineages in the pristine community, though a significant proporti ... | 2015 | 26583008 |
| sph3 is a glycoside hydrolase required for the biosynthesis of galactosaminogalactan in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is the most virulent species within the aspergillus genus and causes invasive infections with high mortality rates. the exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (gag) contributes to the virulence of a. fumigatus. a co-regulated five-gene cluster has been identified and proposed to encode the proteins required for gag biosynthesis. one of these genes, sph3, is predicted to encode a protein belonging to the spherulin 4 family, a protein family with no known function. construct ... | 2015 | 26342082 |
| identification of the mcpa and mcpm genes, encoding methyl-accepting proteins involved in amino acid and l-malate chemotaxis, and involvement of mcpm-mediated chemotaxis in plant infection by ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (formerly ralstonia solanacearum phylotypes i and iii). | sequence analysis has revealed the presence of 22 putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (mcp) genes in the ralstonia pseudosolanacearum gmi1000 genome. pcr analysis and dna sequencing showed that the highly motile r. pseudosolanacearum strain ps29 possesses homologs of all 22 r. pseudosolanacearum gmi1000 mcp genes. we constructed a complete collection of single mcp gene deletion mutants of r. pseudosolanacearum ps29 by unmarked gene deletion. screening of the mutant collection revealed t ... | 2015 | 26276117 |
| new metabolic pathway for degradation of 2-nitrobenzoate by arthrobacter sp. spg. | arthrobacter sp. spg utilized 2-nitrobenzoate as its sole source of carbon and energy and degraded it with accumulation of stoichiometric amounts of nitrite ions. salicylate and catechol were detected as metabolites of the 2-nitrobenzoate degradation using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. enzyme activities for 2-nitrobenzoate-2-monooxygenase, salicylate hydroxylase, and catechol-1,2-dioxygenase were detected in the crude extracts of the 2-nitrobenz ... | 2015 | 26082768 |
| metagenomic analysis of medicinal cannabis samples; pathogenic bacteria, toxigenic fungi, and beneficial microbes grow in culture-based yeast and mold tests. | background: the presence of bacteria and fungi in medicinal or recreational cannabis poses a potential threat to consumers if those microbes include pathogenic or toxigenic species. this study evaluated two widely used culture-based platforms for total yeast and mold (tym) testing marketed by 3m corporation and biomérieux, in comparison with a quantitative pcr (qpcr) approach marketed by medicinal genomics corporation. methods: a set of 15 medicinal cannabis samples were analyzed using 3m and bi ... | 2016 | 27853518 |
| degradation pathways of 2- and 4-nitrobenzoates in cupriavidus sp. strain st-14 and construction of a recombinant strain, st-14::3nba, capable of degrading 3-nitrobenzoate. | strain st-14, characterized as a member of the genus cupriavidus, was capable of utilizing 2- and 4-nitrobenzoates individually as sole sources of carbon and energy. biochemical studies revealed the assimilation of 2- and 4-nitrobenzoates via 3-hydroxyanthranilate and protocatechuate, respectively. screening of a genomic fosmid library of strain st-14 constructed in escherichia coli identified two gene clusters, onb and pob-pca, to be responsible for the complete degradation of 2-nitrobenzoate a ... | 2016 | 27208126 |
| the complete sequences and ecological roles of two incp-1β plasmids, phb44 and pbs64, isolated from the mycosphere of laccaria proxima. | two novel plasmids, coined phb44 and pbs64, were recently found in variovorax paradoxus strains hb44 and bs64 isolated from the mycosphere of laccaria proxima, on two different sampling occasions. we here describe the full sequences of phb44 and pbs64 and establish their evolutionary placement and ecological function. both plasmids, unique for mycospheric v. paradoxus, were around 58 kb in size. they possessed, in a very similar fashion, three main plasmid backbone regions, which were predicted ... | 2016 | 27445994 |
| isolation and enrichment of cryptosporidium dna and verification of dna purity for whole-genome sequencing. | whole-genome sequencing of cryptosporidium spp. is hampered by difficulties in obtaining sufficient, highly pure genomic dna from clinical specimens. in this study, we developed procedures for the isolation and enrichment of cryptosporidium genomic dna from fecal specimens and verification of dna purity for whole-genome sequencing. the isolation and enrichment of genomic dna were achieved by a combination of three oocyst purification steps and whole-genome amplification (wga) of dna from purifie ... | 2014 | 25520441 |
| mycobacterium abscessus phospholipase c expression is induced during coculture within amoebae and enhances m. abscessus virulence in mice. | mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium involved in pulmonary and cutaneo-mucous infections worldwide, to which cystic fibrosis patients are exquisitely susceptible. the analysis of the genome sequence of m. abscessus showed that this bacterium is endowed with the metabolic pathways typically found in environmental microorganisms that come into contact with soil, plants, and aquatic environments, where free-living amoebae are frequently present. m. abscessus also c ... | 2014 | 25486995 |
| n2o-producing microorganisms in the gut of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa are indicative of ingested soil bacteria. | the main objectives of this study were (i) to determine if gut wall-associated microorganisms are responsible for the capacity of earthworms to emit nitrous oxide (n(2)o) and (ii) to characterize the n(2)o-producing bacteria of the earthworm gut. the production of n(2)o in the gut of garden soil earthworms (aporrectodea caliginosa) was mostly associated with the gut contents rather than the gut wall. under anoxic conditions, nitrite and n(2)o were transient products when supplemental nitrate was ... | 2003 | 12620856 |
| bacterial degradation of chlorophenols and their derivatives. | chlorophenols (cps) and their derivatives are persistent environmental pollutants which are used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, pesticides and other industrial products. cps, which include monochlorophenols, polychlorophenols, chloronitrophenols, chloroaminophenols and chloromethylphenols, are highly toxic to living beings due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic properties. several physico-chemical and biological methods have been used for removal of cps from the environment. bact ... | 2014 | 24589366 |
| enzymatic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. | the development of new catalytic methods to functionalize carbon-hydrogen (c-h) bonds continues to progress at a rapid pace due to the significant economic and environmental benefits of these transformations over traditional synthetic methods. in nature, enzymes catalyze regio- and stereoselective c-h bond functionalization using transformations ranging from hydroxylation to hydroalkylation under ambient reaction conditions. the efficiency of these enzymes relative to analogous chemical processe ... | 2010 | 21079862 |
| serratia odorifera a midgut inhabitant of aedes aegypti mosquito enhances its susceptibility to dengue-2 virus. | mosquito midgut plays a crucial role in its vector susceptibility and pathogen interaction. identification of the sustainable microflora of the midgut environment can therefore help in evaluating its contribution in mosquito-pathogen interaction and in turn vector competence. to understand the bacterial diversity in the midgut of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we conducted a screening study of the gut microbes of these mosquitoes which were either collected from fields or reared in the laboratory "cu ... | 2012 | 22848375 |
| linking toluene degradation with specific microbial populations in soil. | phospholipid fatty acid (plfa) analysis of a soil microbial community was coupled with (13)c isotope tracer analysis to measure the community's response to addition of 35 microg of [(13)c]toluene ml of soil solution(-1). after 119 h of incubation with toluene, 96% of the incorporated (13)c was detected in only 16 of the total 59 plfas (27%) extracted from the soil. of the total (13)c-enriched plfas, 85% were identical to the plfas contained in a toluene-metabolizing bacterium isolated from the s ... | 1999 | 10583996 |
| detection of organic compounds with whole-cell bioluminescent bioassays. | natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. ... | 2014 | 25084996 |
| enzymatic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. | the development of new catalytic methods to functionalize carbon-hydrogen (c-h) bonds continues to progress at a rapid pace due to the significant economic and environmental benefits of these transformations over traditional synthetic methods. in nature, enzymes catalyze regio- and stereoselective c-h bond functionalization using transformations ranging from hydroxylation to hydroalkylation under ambient reaction conditions. the efficiency of these enzymes relative to analogous chemical processe ... | 2010 | 21079862 |
| identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacillus cereus from healthcare workers and environmental surfaces in a hospital. | | 2014 | 25280977 |
| correction of sequence-dependent ambiguous bases (ns) from the 454 pyrosequencing system. | pyrosequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s) has become one of the most popular methods to assess microbial diversity. pyrosequencing reads containing ambiguous bases (ns) are generally discarded based on the assumptions of their non-sequence-dependent formation and high error rates. however, taxonomic composition differed by removal of reads with ns. we determined whether ns from pyrosequencing occur in a sequence-dependent manner. our reads and the corresponding flow value data revealed ... | 2014 | 24464999 |
| identification and characterization of a periplasmic aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol hydrolase responsible for pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid homeostasis. | specific aminoacylation of the phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (pg) with alanine (or with lysine) was shown to render various organisms less susceptible to antimicrobial agents and environmental stresses. in this study, we make use of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa to decode orf pa0919-dependent lipid homeostasis. analysis of the polar lipid content of the deletion mutant δpa0919 indicated significantly enlarged levels of alanyl-pg. the resulting phenotype manifested an incr ... | 2013 | 23792962 |
| sonication of explanted prosthesis combined with incubation in bd bactec bottles for pathogen-based diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. | prosthetic joint infection (pji) is a rare but refractory complication of arthroplasty. accurate identification of pathogens is a key step for successful treatment of pji, which remains a challenge for clinicians and laboratory workers. we designed a combined culture method with sonication of implants and incubation in a bd bactec system to improve the effectiveness of pathogen diagnosis in pji. the aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of sonicate fluid cultures in the ... | 2014 | 25520450 |
| sonication of explanted prosthesis combined with incubation in bd bactec bottles for pathogen-based diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. | prosthetic joint infection (pji) is a rare but refractory complication of arthroplasty. accurate identification of pathogens is a key step for successful treatment of pji, which remains a challenge for clinicians and laboratory workers. we designed a combined culture method with sonication of implants and incubation in a bd bactec system to improve the effectiveness of pathogen diagnosis in pji. the aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of sonicate fluid cultures in the ... | 2014 | 25520450 |
| a wide spectrum of fastidious and ampicillin-susceptible bacteria dominate in animal-caused wounds. | the main purpose of this study was to assess the actual occurrence of gram-negative oxidase-positive bacteria (gnop) in human wounds caused by animals, mostly cat and dog bites and scratches, and with signs of infection. we report a prospective series of 92 wound samples. routine culturing was combined with a procedure optimised for fastidious gnop. all gnop isolates were identified by 16s rdna sequencing to the species level. we observed a more prominent role of gnop, including at least 30 spec ... | 2016 | 27197725 |
| marine viruses, a genetic reservoir revealed by targeted viromics. | metagenomics has opened new windows on investigating viral diversity and functions. viromic studies typically require large sample volumes and filtration through 0.2 μm pore-size filters, consequently excluding or under-sampling tailed and very large viruses. we have optimized a targeted viromic approach that employs fluorescence-activated sorting and whole genome amplification to produce dsdna-enriched libraries from discrete viral populations from a 1-ml water sample. using this approach on an ... | 2013 | 24304671 |
| marine viruses, a genetic reservoir revealed by targeted viromics. | metagenomics has opened new windows on investigating viral diversity and functions. viromic studies typically require large sample volumes and filtration through 0.2 μm pore-size filters, consequently excluding or under-sampling tailed and very large viruses. we have optimized a targeted viromic approach that employs fluorescence-activated sorting and whole genome amplification to produce dsdna-enriched libraries from discrete viral populations from a 1-ml water sample. using this approach on an ... | 2013 | 24304671 |
| identification of silent prosthetic joint infection: preliminary report of a prospective controlled study. | we will test the hypothesis that ultrasound supported by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) could improve bacterial identification in non-infected prosthetic joint loosening. the aim was to detect bacterial species in non-infected prosthetic joint loosening using ultrasound and 16s rrna gene sequencing. | 2013 | 23775450 |
| phenotypic and phylogenetic identification of coliform bacteria obtained using 12 coliform methods approved by the u.s. environmental protection agency. | the current definition of coliform bacteria is method dependent, and when different culture-based methods are used, discrepancies in results can occur and affect the accuracy of identification of true coliforms. this study used an alternative approach to the identification of true coliforms by combining the phenotypic traits of the coliform isolates and the phylogenetic affiliation of 16s rrna gene sequences with the use of lacz and uida genes. a collection of 1,404 isolates detected by 12 u.s. ... | 2015 | 26116679 |
| genome sequence of ralstonia sp. strain pba, a bacterium involved in the biodegradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate. | ralstonia sp. strain pba was isolated from textile wastewater in a coculture with hydrogenophaga sp. strain pbc. here we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the mechanism of its interaction with strain pbc during 4-aminobenzenesulfonate degradation. | 2012 | 22933765 |
| identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. | identification of antimicrobial resistance genes is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms and the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available in routine diagnostic laboratories and is anticipated to substitute traditional methods for resistance gene identification. thus, the current challenge is to extract the relevant information from the large amount of generated data. | 2012 | 22782487 |
| phylogeny and population structure of brown rot- and moko disease-causing strains of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype ii. | the ancient soilborne plant vascular pathogen ralstonia solanacearum has evolved and adapted to cause severe damage in an unusually wide range of plants. in order to better describe and understand these adaptations, strains with very similar lifestyles and host specializations are grouped into ecotypes. we used comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) to investigate three particular ecotypes in the american phylotype ii group: (i) brown rot strains from phylotypes iib-1 and iib-2, historically kn ... | 2012 | 22286995 |
| filamentous phages of ralstonia solanacearum: double-edged swords for pathogenic bacteria. | some phages from genus inovirus use host or bacteriophage-encoded site-specific integrases or recombinases establish a prophage state. during integration or excision, a superinfective form can be produced. the three states (free, prophage, and superinfective) of such phages exert different effects on host bacterial phenotypes. in ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease of crops, the bacterial virulence can be positively or negatively affected by filamentous phages, ... | 2013 | 24204365 |
| genotypic and phenotypic applications for the differentiation and species-level identification of achromobacter for clinical diagnoses. | the achromobacter is a genus in the family alcaligenaceae, comprising fifteen species isolated from different sources, including clinical samples. the ability to detect and correctly identify achromobacter species, particularly a. xylosoxidans, and differentiate them from other phenotypically similar and genotypically related gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting species is important for patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), as well as for nosocomial and other opportunistic infections. traditiona ... | 2014 | 25474264 |
| metagenomic analysis of the airborne environment in urban spaces. | the organisms in aerosol microenvironments, especially densely populated urban areas, are relevant to maintenance of public health and detection of potential epidemic or biothreat agents. to examine aerosolized microorganisms in this environment, we performed sequencing on the material from an urban aerosol surveillance program. whole metagenome sequencing was applied to dna extracted from air filters obtained during periods from each of the four seasons. the composition of bacteria, plants, fun ... | 2014 | 25351142 |
| metagenomic analysis of the airborne environment in urban spaces. | the organisms in aerosol microenvironments, especially densely populated urban areas, are relevant to maintenance of public health and detection of potential epidemic or biothreat agents. to examine aerosolized microorganisms in this environment, we performed sequencing on the material from an urban aerosol surveillance program. whole metagenome sequencing was applied to dna extracted from air filters obtained during periods from each of the four seasons. the composition of bacteria, plants, fun ... | 2014 | 25351142 |
| putative prophages related to lytic tailless marine dsdna phage pm2 are widespread in the genomes of aquatic bacteria. | the origin and evolution of viruses is currently a heavily discussed issue. one element in this discussion is the innate viral "self" concept, which suggests that viral structures and functions can be divided into two categories. the first category consists of genetic determinants that are inherited from a viral ancestor and encode the viral "self". the second group consists of another set of structures and functions, the "nonself", which is interchangeable between different viruses and can be o ... | 2007 | 17634101 |
| substrate and cofactor range differences of two cysteine dioxygenases from ralstonia eutropha h16. | cysteine dioxygenases (cdos), which catalyze the sulfoxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid (csa), have been extensively studied in eukaryotes because of their roles in several diseases. in contrast, only a few prokaryotic enzymes of this type have been investigated. in ralstonia eutropha h16, two cdo homologues (cdoa and cdob) have been identified previously. in vivo studies showed that escherichia coli cells expressing cdoa could convert 3-mercaptopropionate (3mp) to 3-sulfinopropiona ... | 2016 | 26590284 |
| effects of nonionic surfactant addition on populations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in a bioreactor treating contaminated soil. | we studied the effects of two polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants, brij 30 and c(12)e(8), on populations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- (pah-) degrading bacteria from a bioreactor treating pah-contaminated soil. each surfactant was evaluated at doses that corresponded to aqueous-phase concentrations both above and below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) after mixing with reactor slurry. real-time quantitative pcr was used to quantify 16s rrna (rrna) gene sequences representing degra ... | 2010 | 20707373 |
| draft genome sequence of ralstonia sp. md27, a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-degrading bacterium, isolated from compost. | ralstonia sp. strain md27, a novel biopolymer-degrading betaproteobacterium, was isolated from compost samples. this organism has been shown to utilize the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [p(3hb)] as a carbon source for growth. we report the draft genome sequence of md27 with an estimated total sequence length of 5.9 mb. | 2015 | 26450738 |
| genome sequence of a carbapenem-resistant strain of ralstonia mannitolilytica. | ralstonia mannitolilytica, a gram-negative aerobic bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen that is becoming more common in cases of nosocomial infections. we report for the first time the whole-genome sequence analysis of r. mannitolilytica strain mry14-0246, which carries the intrinsic oxa-443/oxa-22-like and oxa-444/oxa-60-like β-lactamase genes and is resistant to meropenem. | 2015 | 25953190 |
| genomic characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates selected for medical countermeasures testing: comparative genomics associated with differential virulence. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and a potential bioterrorism agent. in the development of medical countermeasures against b. pseudomallei infection, the us food and drug administration (fda) animal rule recommends using well-characterized strains in animal challenge studies. in this study, whole genome sequence data were generated for 6 b. pseudomallei isolates previously identified as candidates for animal challenge studies; an additional 5 isolates were sequence ... | 2015 | 25803742 |
| genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in burkholderiales. | so far, numerous genes have been found to associate with various strategies to resist and transform the toxic metalloid arsenic (here, we denote these genes as "arsenic-related genes"). however, our knowledge of the distribution, redundancies and organization of these genes in bacteria is still limited. in this study, we analyzed the 188 burkholderiales genomes and found that 95% genomes harbored arsenic-related genes, with an average of 6.6 genes per genome. the results indicated: a) compared t ... | 2014 | 24632831 |
| biosynthesis and biodegradation of 3-hydroxypropionate-containing polyesters. | 3-hydroxypropionate (3hp) is an important compound in the chemical industry, and the polymerized 3hp can be used as a bioplastic. in this review, we focus on polyesters consisting of 3hp monomers, including the homopolyester poly(3-hydroxypropionate) and copolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate-co-lactate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-h ... | 2010 | 20543057 |
| complete genome sequence of the potato pathogen ralstonia solanacearum uy031. | ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt of potato. ralstonia solanacearum strain uy031 belongs to the american phylotype iib, sequevar 1, also classified as race 3 biovar 2. here we report the completely sequenced genome of this strain, the first complete genome for phylotype iib, sequevar 1, and the fourth for the r. solanacearum species complex. in addition to standard genome annotation, we have carried out a curated annotation of type iii effector genes, an important p ... | 2016 | 26779304 |
| validation and application of a real-time pcr protocol for the specific detection and quantification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) multiplies very rapidly, passing through the vascular strands and into the stems and petioles of a diseased potato. therefore, the rapid and specific detection of this pathogen is highly important for the effective control of the pathogen. although several pcr assays have been developed for detection, they cannot afford specific detection of cms. therefore, in this study, a computational genome analysis was performed to compare the sequenced gen ... | 2015 | 26060431 |
| an sos regulon under control of a noncanonical lexa-binding motif in the betaproteobacteria. | the sos response is a transcriptional regulatory network governed by the lexa repressor that activates in response to dna damage. in the betaproteobacteria, lexa is known to target a palindromic sequence with the consensus sequence ctgt-n8-acag. we report the characterization of a lexa regulon in the iron-oxidizing betaproteobacterium sideroxydans lithotrophicus. in silico and in vitro analyses show that lexa targets six genes by recognizing a binding motif with the consensus sequence gaacgaacgt ... | 2015 | 25986903 |
| the effects of silver nanoparticles on intact wastewater biofilms. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) have strong antibacterial properties, which may adversely affect biological wastewater treatment processes. to determine the overall effect, intact biofilm samples were collected from the rotating biological contactor at the local wastewater treatment plant and treated with 200 mg ag/l ag-nps for 24 h. the biofilm uptake of ag-nps was monitored with transmission electron microscopy. forty-five minutes after ag-np application, ag-nps were seen in the biofilm extracel ... | 2015 | 26217316 |
| phylogenetic affiliation of soil bacteria that degrade aliphatic polyesters available commercially as biodegradable plastics. | thirty-nine morphologically different soil bacteria capable of degrading poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), poly(hexamethylene carbonate), or poly(tetramethylene succinate) were isolated. their phylogenetic positions were determined by 16s ribosomal dna sequencing, and all of them fell into the classes firmicutes and proteobacteria. determinations of substrate utilization revealed characteristic patterns of substrate specificities. | 1998 | 9835597 |
| surveillance bronchoscopy in children during the first year after lung transplantation: is it worth it? | since january 2002, routine surveillance bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy has been performed in all paediatric recipients of lung and heart-lung transplants at the great ormond street hospital for children, london, uk, using a newly revised treatment protocol. | 2006 | 16928706 |
| approaches to analyse dynamic microbial communities such as those seen in cystic fibrosis lung. | microbial communities play vital roles in many aspects of our lives, although our understanding of microbial biogeography and community profiles remains unclear. the number of microbes or the diversity of the microbes, even in small environmental niches, is staggering. current microbiological methods used to analyse these communities are limited, in that many microorganisms cannot be cultured. even for the isolates that can be cultured, the expense of identifying them definitively is much too hi ... | 2009 | 19403459 |
| isolation and physiology of bacteria from contaminated subsurface sediments. | the majority of environmental microorganisms cannot be grown by traditional techniques. here we employed, and contrasted with conventional plating, an alternative approach based on cultivation of microorganisms inside diffusion chambers incubated within natural samples, followed by subculturing in petri dishes. using this approach, we isolated microorganisms from subsurface sediments from the field research center (frc) in oak ridge, tn. the sediments were acidic and highly contaminated with ura ... | 2010 | 20870785 |
| differences in quality between privately and publicly banked umbilical cord blood units: a pilot study of autologous cord blood infusion in children with acquired neurologic disorders. | a pilot study was conducted to determine the safety and feasibility of intravenous administration of autologous umbilical cord blood (cb) in young children with acquired neurologic disorders. most cb units (cbus) were electively stored in private cb banks. unlike public banks, which utilize specific criteria and thresholds for banking, private banks generally store all collected cbus. | 2010 | 20546200 |
| metagenomic evidence for h(2) oxidation and h(2) production by serpentinite-hosted subsurface microbial communities. | ultramafic rocks in the earth's mantle represent a tremendous reservoir of carbon and reducing power. upon tectonic uplift and exposure to fluid flow, serpentinization of these materials generates copious energy, sustains abiogenic synthesis of organic molecules, and releases hydrogen gas (h(2)). in order to assess the potential for microbial h(2) utilization fueled by serpentinization, we conducted metagenomic surveys of a marine serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal chimney (at the lost city hydrot ... | 2011 | 22232619 |
| metagenomic evidence for h(2) oxidation and h(2) production by serpentinite-hosted subsurface microbial communities. | ultramafic rocks in the earth's mantle represent a tremendous reservoir of carbon and reducing power. upon tectonic uplift and exposure to fluid flow, serpentinization of these materials generates copious energy, sustains abiogenic synthesis of organic molecules, and releases hydrogen gas (h(2)). in order to assess the potential for microbial h(2) utilization fueled by serpentinization, we conducted metagenomic surveys of a marine serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal chimney (at the lost city hydrot ... | 2011 | 22232619 |
| differences in lateral gene transfer in hypersaline versus thermal environments. | the role of lateral gene transfer (lgt) in the evolution of microorganisms is only beginning to be understood. while most lgt events occur between closely related individuals, inter-phylum and inter-domain lgt events are not uncommon. these distant transfer events offer potentially greater fitness advantages and it is for this reason that these "long distance" lgt events may have significantly impacted the evolution of microbes. one mechanism driving distant lgt events is microbial transformatio ... | 2011 | 21740576 |
| burkholderia dabaoshanensis sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacteria isolated from dabaoshan mining area soil in china. | heavy-metal-tolerant bacteria, gimn1.004(t), was isolated from mine soils of dabaoshan in south china, which were acidic (ph 2-4) and polluted with heavy metals. the isolation was gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria having a cellular width of 0.5-0.6 µm and a length of 1.3-1.8 µm. they showed a normal growth pattern at ph 4.0-9.0 in a temperature ranging from 5 °c to 40 °c.the organism contained ubiquinone q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinine, and c(16:0), sum ... | 2012 | 23226514 |
| ortholugedb: a bacterial and archaeal orthology resource for improved comparative genomic analysis. | prediction of orthologs (homologous genes that diverged because of speciation) is an integral component of many comparative genomics methods. although orthologs are more likely to have similar function versus paralogs (genes that diverged because of duplication), recent studies have shown that their degree of functional conservation is variable. also, there are inherent problems with several large-scale ortholog prediction approaches. to address these issues, we previously developed ortholuge, w ... | 2012 | 23203876 |
| ortholugedb: a bacterial and archaeal orthology resource for improved comparative genomic analysis. | prediction of orthologs (homologous genes that diverged because of speciation) is an integral component of many comparative genomics methods. although orthologs are more likely to have similar function versus paralogs (genes that diverged because of duplication), recent studies have shown that their degree of functional conservation is variable. also, there are inherent problems with several large-scale ortholog prediction approaches. to address these issues, we previously developed ortholuge, w ... | 2012 | 23203876 |
| mutational robustness of 16s ribosomal rna, shown by experimental horizontal gene transfer in escherichia coli. | the bacterial ribosome consists of three rrna molecules and 57 proteins and plays a crucial role in translating mrna-encoded information into proteins. because of the ribosome's structural and mechanistic complexity, it is believed that each ribosomal component coevolves to maintain its function. unlike 5s rrna, 16s and 23s rrnas appear to lack mutational robustness, because they form the structural core of the ribosome. however, using escherichia coli δ7 (null mutant of operons) as a host, we h ... | 2012 | 23112186 |
| gene duplication as a mechanism of genomic adaptation to a changing environment. | a subject of extensive study in evolutionary theory has been the issue of how neutral, redundant copies can be maintained in the genome for long periods of time. concurrently, examples of adaptive gene duplications to various environmental conditions in different species have been described. at this point, it is too early to tell whether or not a substantial fraction of gene copies have initially achieved fixation by positive selection for increased dosage. nevertheless, enough examples have acc ... | 2012 | 22977152 |
| sonication of intramedullary nails: clinically-related infection and contamination. | sonication is currently considered the best procedure for microbiological diagnosis of implant-related osteoarticular infection, but studies in nail-related infections are lacking. the study aim was to evaluate implant sonication after intramedullary nail explantation, and relate it to microbiological cultures and clinical outcome. | 2012 | 22848337 |