Publications

phospholipid biosynthesis and solvent tolerance in pseudomonas putida strains.	the role of the cell envelope in the solvent tolerance mechanisms of pseudomonas putida was investigated. the responses of a solvent-tolerant strain, p. putida idaho, and a solvent-sensitive strain, p. putida mw1200, were examined in terms of phospholipid content and composition and of phospholipid biosynthetic rate following exposure to a nonmetabolizable solvent, o-xylene. following o-xylene exposure, p. putida mw1200 exhibited a decrease in total phospholipid content. in contrast, p. putida i ...	1997	9209036
crystal structure and resonance raman studies of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase complexed with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate.	the crystal structure of the anaerobic complex of pseudomonas putida protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-pcd) bound with the alternative substrate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (hpca), is reported at 2.4 a resolution and refined to an r factor of 0.17. formation of the active site fe(iii).hpca chelated complex causes the endogenous axial tyrosinate, tyr447 (147beta), to dissociate from the iron and rotate into an alternative orientation analogous to that previously observed in the anaerobic 3,4-p ...	1997	9298971
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bphb) and the expression of an active recombinant his-tagged bphb gene product from a pcb degrading bacterium, pseudomonas putida ou83.	the nucleotide sequence of the bphb gene of pseudomonas putida strain ou83 was determined. the bphb gene, which encodes cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bddh), was composed of 834 base pairs with an atg initiation codon and a tga termination codon. it can encode a polypeptide of 28.91 kda, containing 277 amino acids. promoter-like and ribosome-binding sequences were identified upstream of the bphb gene. the bphb nucleotide sequence was used to produce his-tagged bddh, in escherichia coli. ...	1997	9311131
transcriptional control of the multiple catabolic pathways encoded on the tol plasmid pww53 of pseudomonas putida mt53.	the tol plasmid pww53 encodes a catabolic pathway for the metabolism of toluene. it bears an upper-pathway operon for the oxidation of toluene to benzoate and a copy of the gene that encodes regulatory protein xylr. for metabolism of the aromatic carboxylic acid, it bears two functional homologous meta-pathway operons, together with two functional copies of the xyls regulatory gene (xyls1 and xyls3). in cells growing in the absence of pathway substrates, no mrna from upper- and meta-pathway oper ...	1997	9260942
pcak, a high-affinity permease for the aromatic compounds 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate from pseudomonas putida.	pcak is a transporter and chemoreceptor protein from pseudomonas putida that is encoded as part of the beta-ketoadipate pathway regulon for aromatic acid degradation. when expressed in escherichia coli, pcak was localized to the membrane and catalyzed the accumulation of two aromatic substrates, 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate, against a concentration gradient. benzoate inhibited 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake but was not a substrate for pcak-catalyzed transport. a p. putida pcak mutant was defe ...	1997	9260946
water stress effects on toluene biodegradation by pseudomonas putida.	we quantified the effects of matric and solute water potential on toluene biodegradation by pseudomonas putida mt-2, a bacterial strain originally isolated from soil. across the matric potential range of 0 to -1.5 mpa, growth rates were maximal for p. putida at -0.25 mpa and further reductions in the matric potential resulted in concomitant reductions in growth rates. growth rates were constant over the solute potential range 0 to -1.0 mpa and lower at -1.5 mpa. first order toluene depletion rat ...	1997	9396169
mutational analysis of the three cysteines and active-site aspartic acid 103 of ketosteroid isomerase from pseudomonas putida biotype b.	in order to clarify the roles of three cysteines in ketosteroid isomerase (ksi) from pseudomonas putida biotype b, each of the cysteine residues has been changed to a serine residue (c69s, c81s, and c97s) by site-directed mutagenesis. all cysteine mutations caused only a slight decrease in the k(cat) value, with no significant change of km for the substrate. even modification of the sulfhydryl group with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) has almost no effect on enzyme activity. these results d ...	1997	9401033
bacterial resistance to vancomycin: overproduction, purification, and characterization of vanc2 from enterococcus casseliflavus as a d-ala-d-ser ligase.	the vanc phenotype for clinical resistance of enterococci to vancomycin is exhibited by enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus. based on the detection of the cell precursor udp-n-acetylmuramic acid pentapeptide intermediate terminating in d-ala-d-ser instead of d-ala-d-ala, it has been predicted that the vanc ligase would be a d-ala-d-ser rather than a d-ala-d-ala ligase. overproduction of the e. casseliflavus atcc 25788 vanc2 gene in escherichia coli and its purification to homo ...	1997	9294159
acquisition of a deliberately introduced phenol degradation operon, pheba, by different indigenous pseudomonas species.	horizontal transfer of genes of selective value in an environment 6 years after their introduction into a watershed has been observed. expression of the gene phea, which encodes phenol monooxygenase and is linked to the pheba operon (a. nurk, l. kasak, and m. kivisaar, gene 102:13-18, 1991), allows pseudomonads to use phenol as a growth substrate. pseudomonas putida strains carrying this operon on a plasmid were used for bioremediation after an accidental fire in the estonia oil shale mine in es ...	1997	9406411
residence time calculation for chemotactic bacteria within porous media.	local chemical gradients can have a significant impact on bacterial population distributions within subsurface environments by evoking chemotactic responses. these local gradients may be created by consumption of a slowly diffusing nutrient, generation of a local food source from cell lysis, or dissolution of nonaqueous phase liquids trapped within the interstices of a soil matrix. we used a random walk simulation algorithm to study the effect of a local microscopic gradient on the swimming beha ...	1997	9414207
bacterial genetic loci implicated in the pseudomonas putida gr12-2r3--canola mutualism: identification of an exudate-inducible sugar transporter.	pseudomonas putida gr12-2r3 promotes the emergence and growth of diverse plant species. analyses of tnphoa insertion mutations are revealing bacterial characteristics pertinent to the plant-microbe interaction. pseudomonas putida pg269 is a tnphoa insertion derivative of gr12-2r3 that expresses canola seed exudate-inducible alkaline phosphatase (phoa) activity. it promoted the growth of canola roots, as well as strain gr12-2r3, and outgrew its parent when they were cocultured in the presence of ...	1997	9336944
transcriptional control of the pseudomonas tol plasmid catabolic operons is achieved through an interplay of host factors and plasmid-encoded regulators.	the xyl genes of pseudomonas putida tol plasmid that specify catabolism of toluene and xylenes are organized in four transcriptional units: the upper-operon xyluwcambn for conversion of toluene/xylenes into benzoate/alkylbenzoates; the meta-operon xylxyzltegfjqkih, which encodes the enzymes for further conversion of these compounds into krebs cycle intermediates; and xyls and xylr, which are involved in transcriptional control. the xyls and xylr proteins are members of the xyls/arac and ntrc fam ...	1997	9343354
regioselectivity of nitroglycerin denitration by flavoprotein nitroester reductases purified from two pseudomonas species.	two species of pseudomonas capable of utilizing nitroglycerin (ng) as a sole nitrogen source were isolated from ng-contaminated soil and identified as pseudomonas putida ii-b and p. fluorescens i-c. while 9 of 13 laboratory bacterial strains that presumably had no previous exposure to ng could degrade low concentrations of ng (0.44 mm), the natural isolates tolerated concentrations of ng that were toxic to the lab strains (1.76 mm and higher). whole-cell studies revealed that the two natural iso ...	1997	9371434
a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate regulating transcription of a chloroaromatic biodegradative pathway: fumarate-mediated repression of the clcabd operon.	the ortho-cleavage pathways of catechol and 3-chlorocatechol are central catabolic pathways of pseudomonas putida that convert aromatic and chloroaromatic compounds to tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle intermediates. they are encoded by the evolutionarily related catbca and clcabd operons, respectively. expression of the cat and clc operons requires the lysr-type transcriptional activators catr and clcr, respectively, and the inducer molecules cis,cis-muconate and 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate, respect ...	1997	9352923
identification of a thiamin-dependent synthase in escherichia coli required for the formation of the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate precursor to isoprenoids, thiamin, and pyridoxol.	in escherichia coli, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose (or its 5-phosphate, dxp) is the biosynthetic precursor to isopentenyl diphosphate [broers, s. t. j. (1994) dissertation (eidgenössische technische hochschule, zürich)], thiamin, and pyridoxol [himmeldirk, k., kennedy, i. a., hill, r. e., sayer, b. g. & spenser, i. d. (1996) chem. commun. 1187-1188]. here we show that an open reading frame at 9 min on the chromosomal map of e. coli encodes an enzyme (deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase, dxp synthase) that c ...	1997	9371765
competition of plasmid-bearing pseudomonas putida strains catabolizing naphthalene via various pathways in chemostat culture.	plasmid-carrying pseudomonas putida strains degrade naphthalene through different biochemical pathways. the influence of various combinations of host bacteria and plasmids on growth characteristics and competitiveness of p. putida strains was studied in chemostat culture at a low dilution rate (d = 0.05 h-1) with naphthalene as the sole source of carbon and energy. under naphthalene limitation, the plasmid-bearing strains degrading naphthalene that use catechol 1,2-dioxygenase for catechol oxida ...	1997	9390458
identification of adjacent genes encoding the major catalase and a bacterioferritin from the plant-beneficial bacterium pseudomonas putida.	the cata gene, encoding the major cata from a root-colonizing isolate pseudomonas putida (pp), was cloned by complementation into a catalase (cat)-deficient escherichia coli (ec) strain um2. the orf for cata consisted of 479 aa with a higher degree of identity with typical cat from eukaryotes than prokaryotes. chromosomal homologous exchange with a mutant gene bearing an insertion of a luxab-npt cassette into the sfii site of cata generated a cata-deficient pp isolate. this mutant and another mu ...	1997	9358059
biodegradation of the gasoline oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and tert-amyl methyl ether by propane-oxidizing bacteria.	several propane-oxidizing bacteria were tested for their ability to degrade gasoline oxygenates, including methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe), and tert-amyl methyl ether (tame). both a laboratory strain and natural isolates were able to degrade each compound after growth on propane. when propane-grown strain env425 was incubated with 20 mg of uniformly labeled [14c]mtbe per liter, the strain converted > 60% of the added mtbe to 14co2 in < 30 h. the initial oxidation of ...	1997	9361407
a direct electrode-driven p450 cycle for biocatalysis.	the large potential of redox enzymes to carry out formation of high value organic compounds motivates the search for innovative strategies to regenerate the cofactors needed by their biocatalytic cycles. here, we describe a bioreactor where the reducing power to the cycle is supplied directly to purified cytochrome cyp101 (p450cam; ec 1.14.15.1) through its natural redox partner (putidaredoxin) using an antimony-doped tin oxide working electrode. required oxygen was produced at a pt counter elec ...	1997	9391064
indigo formation by microorganisms expressing styrene monooxygenase activity.	the transformation of indole to indigo by microorganisms expressing styrene monooxygenase (smo) has been studied. styrene and indole are structurally very similar, and thus we looked at a variety of styrene-degrading strains for indole transformation to indigo. two strains, pseudomonas putida s12 and ca-3, gave a blue color on solid media when grown in the presence of indole. indole induces its own transformation on solid media but is a poor inducer in liquid media. styrene is the best inducer o ...	1997	9361415
detection of bioluminescence from individual bacterial cells: a comparison of two different low-light imaging systems.	detection of very low light levels arising from individual cells of the naturally bioluminescent bacterium vibrio fischeri as well as from a luminescence-marked pseudomonas putida strain was achieved by the aid of two different camera systems. using a liquid nitrogen-cooled slow-scan ccd (charge-coupled device) camera were able to detect single-cell bioluminescence within 1 min, and the pictures obtained were of good resolution. in contrast, employing a photon-counting video camera we were able ...	1997	9315952
cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids: cloning and sequencing of the cti gene from pseudomonas putida p8.	transposon mutants of pseudomonas putida p8 were generated by applying a mini-tn5 mutagenesis system. the mutants obtained were checked for their ability to tolerate increased temperatures and elevated phenol concentrations. approximately 5,800 transposon mutants were used to generate a pool of 600 temperature-sensitive strains; one of these strains was identified as being damaged in its ability to perform cis-trans isomerization of fatty acids. a gene library of p. putida p8 was constructed and ...	1997	9361416
the cis-diol dehydrogenase cbac gene of tn5271 is required for growth on 3-chlorobenzoate but not 3,4-dichlorobenzoate.	the nucleotide sequence of cbac, the 1-carboxy-3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene (cis-diol) dehydrogenase gene from the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-cba) catabolic transposon tn5271 was determined. the functional significance of the deduced open reading frame was evaluated by deletion of an internal bsteii restriction site in cbac and by the creation of nested deletions using exonuclease iii. expression studies were carried out with alcaligenes sp. strain br6024, a chloramphenicol-resistant, tryp ...	1997	9322760
chemotaxis of pseudomonas spp. to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene.	two naphthalene-degrading bacteria, pseudomonas putida g7 and pseudomonas sp. strain ncib 9816-4, were chemotactically attracted to naphthalene in drop assays and modified capillary assays. growth on naphthalene or salicylate induced the chemotactic response. p. putida g7 was also chemotactic to biphenyl; other polyaromatic hydrocarbons that were tested did not appear to be chemoattractants for either pseudomonas strain. strains that were cured of the naphthalene degradation plasmid were not att ...	1997	9327579
biochemical and genetic characterization of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in phenanthrene degradation by nocardioides sp. strain kp7.	2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase from the phenanthrene-degrading bacterium nocardioides sp. strain kp7 was purified and characterized. the purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 53 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 205 kda by gel filtration chromatography. thus, the homotetramer of the 53-kda subunit constituted an active enzyme. the apparent km and kcat values of this enzyme for 2-carboxybenzaldehyde were 100 microm and 39 s(-1), respectively, and those fo ...	1997	9335300
high-resolution crystal structures of delta5-3-ketosteroid isomerase with and without a reaction intermediate analogue.	bacterial delta5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (ksi) catalyzes a stereospecific isomerization of steroid substrates at an extremely fast rate, overcoming a large disparity of pka values between a catalytic residue and its target. the crystal structures of ksi from pseudomonas putida and of the enzyme in complex with equilenin, an analogue of the reaction intermediate, have been determined at 1.9 and 2.5 a resolution, respectively. the structures reveal that the side chains of tyr14 and asp99 (a newly ...	1997	9369474
purification, properties, and sequence of glycerol trinitrate reductase from agrobacterium radiobacter.	glycerol trinitrate (gtn) reductase, which enables agrobacterium radiobacter to utilize gtn and related explosives as sources of nitrogen for growth, was purified and characterized, and its gene was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was a 39-kda monomeric protein which catalyzed the nadh-dependent reductive scission of gtn (km = 23 microm) to glycerol dinitrates (mainly the 1,3-isomer) with a ph optimum of 6.5, a temperature optimum of 35 degrees c, and no dependence on metal ions for activity. i ...	1997	9401040
heterologous expression of heterotrophic nitrification genes.	paracoccus denitrificans is a heterotrophic organism capable of oxidizing ammonia to nitrite during growth on an organic carbon and energy source. this pathway, termed heterotrophic nitrification, requires the concerted action of an ammonia monooxygenase (amo) and hydroxylamine oxidase (hao). the genes required for heterotrophic nitrification have been isolated by introducing a pa. denitrificans genomic library into pseudomonas putida and screening for the accumulation of nitrite. in contrast to ...	1997	9421902
microbulbifer hydrolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., and marinobacterium georgiense gen. nov., sp. nov., two marine bacteria from a lignin-rich pulp mill waste enrichment community.	two numerically important bacteria in marine pulp mill effluent enrichment cultures were isolated. these organisms were gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacteria. isolate ire-31t (t = type strain) produced hydrolytic enzymes for the breakdown of cellulose, xylan, chitin, gelatin, and tween 80. it also utilized a variety of monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids, and volatile fatty acids for growth. isolate kw-40t did not utilize natural polymers, but it could grow on a variety of ...	1997	9103623
description of a novel plasmid replicative origin from a genetically distinct family of conjugative plasmids associated with phytosphere microflora.	a novel replicative origin (oriv) from a conjugative, mercury resistance plasmid (pqbr11, 304 kbp) has been cloned and sequenced. homology to the pqbr11 oriv-containing 3.55 kbp bamhi fragment (pcv1200) was restricted to one of five genetically distinct classes (group i) of narrow host range, mega-plasmids that persist as a genetic component of the pseudomonad community indigenous to the microflora of sugar beet. the oriv of pqbr11 was located within a unique sequence of 300 bp which initiated t ...	1997	9103984
genetic evidence of separate repressor and activator activities of the xylr regulator of the tol plasmid, pww0, of pseudomonas putida.	the xylr protein encoded by pww0, the tol (toluene biodegradation) plasmid of pseudomonas putida, activates at a distance the transcription of pu and ps, which are the two sigma(54)-dependent promoters of the plasmid, but it also downregulates its own sigma(70)-promoter, pr, which divergently overlaps the upstream activating sites of ps. all regulatory elements that control pr activity have been faithfully reproduced in escherichia coli, and the basis of the autoregulation of xylr transcription ...	1997	9106213
bipolar localization of a chromosome partition protein in bacillus subtilis.	we have determined the subcellular localization of the chromosome partition protein spo0j of bacillus subtilis by immunofluorescence microscopy and visualizing fluorescence of a spo0j-gfp fusion protein. spo0j was associated with a region of the nucleoid proximal to the cell pole, both in growing cells dividing symmetrically and in sporulating cells dividing asymmetrically. additional experiments indicated that spo0j was bound to sites in the origin-proximal third of the chromosome. these result ...	1997	9114058
oxidation of aliphatic olefins by toluene dioxygenase: enzyme rates and product identification.	toluene dioxygenase from pseudomonas putida f1 has been studied extensively with aromatic substrates. the present work examined the toluene dioxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of various halogenated ethenes, propenes, butenes and nonhalogenated cis-2-pentene, an isomeric mix of 2-hexenes, cis-2-heptene, and cis-2-octene as substrates for toluene dioxygenase. enzyme specific activities were determined for the more water-soluble c2 to c5 compounds and ranged from <4 to 52 nmol per min per mg of protei ...	1997	9190800
comparative study of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains isolated from contaminated soils.	five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degrading bacterial strains, pseudomonas putida 34, pseudomonas fluorescens 62, pseudomonas aeruginosa 57, sphingomonas sp. strain 107, and the unidentified strain pl1, were isolated from two contaminated soils and characterized for specific features regarding pah degradation. degradation efficiency was determined by the rapidity to form clearing zones around colonies when sprayed with different pah solutions and the growth in liquid medium with differe ...	1997	9115093
studies on spontaneous promoter-up mutations in the transcriptional activator-encoding gene phir and their effects on the degradation of phenol in escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida.	the activator-encoding gene phlr was identified upstream of the plasmid-encoded operon for phenol degradation in pseudomonas putida strain h by cassette mutagenesis and dna sequence analysis. the deduced amino acid sequence of phlr shows high homology to dmpr of p. putida sp. cf600 and to the chromosomally encoded phhr of p. putida p35x reported previously. trans-activation of phenol degradation was observed when phlr was overexpressed in a phlr insertion mutant. transconjugants of escherichia c ...	1997	9197413
surface signaling: novel transcription initiation mechanism starting from the cell surface.	transcription of the ferric citrate transport genes of escherichia coli is induced by a novel mechanism. ferric citrate, the inducer, does not have to enter the cytoplasm to initiate transcription. interaction of ferric citrate with the outer membrane receptor protein feca induces transcription of the fec transport gene operon consisting of the fecirabcde genes. a signal from feca occupied with ferric citrate is transmitted across the outer membrane into the periplasm with the help of the electr ...	1997	9148773
p-cymene catabolic pathway in pseudomonas putida f1: cloning and characterization of dna encoding conversion of p-cymene to p-cumate.	pseudomonas putida f1 utilizes p-cymene (p-isopropyltoluene) by an 11-step pathway through p-cumate (p-isopropylbenzoate) to isobutyrate, pyruvate, and acetyl coenzyme a. the cym operon, encoding the conversion of p-cymene to p-cumate, is located just upstream of the cmt operon, which encodes the further catabolism of p-cumate and is located, in turn, upstream of the tod (toluene catabolism) operon in p. putida f1. the sequences of an 11,236-bp dna segment carrying the cym operon and a 915-bp dn ...	1997	9150211
a stereoselective cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase.	nitrile hydratase from pseudomonas putida nrrl-18668 has been purified and characterized. the purified enzyme catalyzes the hydration of 2(s)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile at least fifty times faster than that of 2(r)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile. this enzyme is a member of the class of nitrile hydratase that contains cobalt. visible absorption and cd spectra suggest the cobalt exists as a non-corrin low-spin co3+ ion in a tetragonally-distorted octahedral ligand field. chem ...	1997	9154927
catabolism of d-glucose by pseudomonas putida u occurs via extracellular transformation into d-gluconic acid and induction of a specific gluconate transport system.	pseudomonas putida u does not degrade d-glucose through the glycolytic pathway but requires (i) its oxidation to d-gluconic acid by a peripherally located constitutive glucose dehydrogenase (insensitive to osmotic shock), (ii) accumulation of d-gluconic acid in the extracellular medium, and (iii) the induction of a specific energy-dependent transport system responsible for the uptake of d-gluconic acid. this uptake system showed maximal rates of transport at 30 degrees c in 50 mm potassium phosp ...	1997	9168611
epitope mapping of cytochrome p450cam (cyp101).	eighteen linear antigenically active sites were revealed in cytochrome p450 from pseudomonas putida (p450cam) by hexapeptide scanning. these sites occupy about 31% of the protein sequence. hexapeptide epitope sequences of p450cam are not found in other cytochromes p450. however, several cytochromes p450 contain shorter fragments of p450cam epitope sequences which may cause weak immune cross-reactions. p450cam antigenic determinants are located generally at the boundaries of secondary structure e ...	1997	9169009
2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 8-monooxygenase: phylogenetic relationship to other multicomponent nonheme iron oxygenases.	2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 8-monooxygenase, an enzyme involved in quinoline degradation by pseudomonas putida 86, had been identified as a class ib two-component nonheme iron oxygenase based on its biochemical and biophysical properties (b. rosche, b. tshisuaka, s. fetzner, and f. lingens, j. biol. chem. 270:17836-17842, 1995). the genes oxor and oxoo, encoding the reductase and the oxygenase components of the enzyme, were sequenced and analyzed. oxor was localized approximately 15 kb downstream ...	1997	9171399
2-chloromuconate and clcr-mediated activation of the clcabd operon: in vitro transcriptional and dnase i footprint analyses.	in pseudomonas putida, the plasmid-borne clcabd operon encodes enzymes involved in 3-chlorocatechol degradation. previous studies have demonstrated that these enzymes are induced when p. putida is grown in the presence of 3-chlorobenzoate, which is converted to 3-chlorocatechol, and that clcr, a lysr-type regulator, is required for this induction. the clcabd operon is believed to have evolved from the chromosomal catbca operon, which encodes enzymes that utilize catechol and is regulated by catr ...	1997	9171413
evidence for the bacterial origin of genes encoding fermentation enzymes of the amitochondriate protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is an amitochondriate protozoan parasite with numerous bacterium-like fermentation enzymes including the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (por), ferredoxin (fd), and alcohol dehydrogenase e (adhe). the goal of this study was to determine whether the genes encoding these cytosolic e. histolytica fermentation enzymes might derive from a bacterium by horizontal transfer, as has previously been suggested for e. histolytica genes encoding heat shock protein 60, nicotinamide nu ...	1997	9171424
natural horizontal transfer of a naphthalene dioxygenase gene between bacteria native to a coal tar-contaminated field site.	horizontal transfer of genes responsible for pollutant biodegradation may play a key role in the evolution of bacterial populations and the adaptation of microbial communities to environmental contaminants. however, field evidence for horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms has traditionally been very difficult to obtain. in this study, the sequences of the 16s rrna and naphthalene dioxygenase iron-sulfur protein (nahac) genes of nine naphthalene-degrading bacteria isolated from a coal t ...	1997	9172352
conjugative plasmids and the degradation of arylsulfonates in comamonas testosteroni.	comamonas testosteroni t-2 degrades p-toluenesulfonate (tsa) via p-sulfobenzoate (psb) and protocatechuate and degrades toluenecarboxylate via terephthalate (ter) and protocatechuate. the appropriate genes are expressed in at least five regulatory units, some of which are also found in c. testosteroni psb-4 (f. junker, r. kiewitz, and a. m. cook, j. bacteriol. 179:919-927, 1997). c. testosteroni t-2 was found to contain two plasmids, ptsa (85 kbp) and pt2t (50 kbp); a tsa- mutant (strain ter-1) ...	1997	9172362
cloning and mutational analysis of the gene for the stationary-phase inducible catalase (catc) from pseudomonas putida.	pseudomonas putida, a bacterium that colonizes plant roots and enhances plant growth, produces three isozymes of catalase (a, b, and c) in stationary-phase cells. a catalase probe, generated by pcr analysis of p. putida genomic dna with oligomers based on typical catalase sequences, hybridized to a genomic clone that expressed catalase c in escherichia coli. the catc gene from this clone had a 2,133-bp open reading frame with a high level of identity to the stationary-phase-specific e. coli kate ...	1997	9260972
modulation of gene expression through chromosomal positioning in escherichia coli.	variations in expression of the nah genes of the nah7 (naphthalene biodegradation) plasmid of pseudomonas putida when placed in different chromosomal locations in escherichia coli have been studied by employing a collection of hybrid mini-t5 transposons bearing lacz fusions to the psal promoter, along with the cognate regulatory gene nahr. insertions of psal-lacz reporters in the proximity of the chromosomal origin of replication, oric, increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in vivo. posit ...	1997	9202482
construction of a contiguous 874-kb sequence of the escherichia coli -k12 genome corresponding to 50.0-68.8 min on the linkage map and analysis of its sequence features.	the contiguous 874.423 base pair sequence corresponding to the 50.0-68.8 min region on the genetic map of the escherichia coli k-12 (w3110) was constructed by the determination of dna sequences in the 50.0-57.9 min region (360 kb) and two large (100 kb in all) and five short gaps in the 57.9-68.8 min region whose sequences had been registered in the dna databases. we analyzed its sequence features and found that this region contained at least 894 potential open reading frames (orfs), of which 34 ...	1997	9205837
promoter-creating mutations in pseudomonas putida: a model system for the study of mutation in starving bacteria.	a novel experimental system to study mutation in starving bacteria was designed, relying on the activation of a promoterless phenol degradation operon of pseudomonas putida. the phe+ (phenol-utilizing) mutants accumulated in the starving culture of p. putida in the presence of phenol but not in the absence of it. we ruled out the possibility that the absence of phenol eliminates phe+ mutants from the starving population. sequence analysis of the phe+ mutants revealed that base substitutions, del ...	1997	9096358
hrp pilus: an hrp-dependent bacterial surface appendage produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000.	hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes control the ability of major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria to elicit the hypersensitive response (hr) in resistant plants and to cause disease in susceptible plants. a number of hrp proteins share significant similarities with components of the type iii secretion apparatus and flagellar assembly apparatus in animal pathogenic bacteria. here we report that pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 (race 0) produces a filamentous surf ...	1997	9096416
bacterial dl-2-haloacid dehalogenase from pseudomonas sp. strain 113: gene cloning and structural comparison with d- and l-2-haloacid dehalogenases.	dl-2-haloacid dehalogenase from pseudomonas sp. strain 113 (dl-dex) catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of both d- and l-2-haloalkanoic acids to produce the corresponding l- and d-2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, respectively, with inversion of the c2 configuration. dl-dex is a unique enzyme: it acts on the chiral carbon of the substrate and uses both enantiomers as equivalent substrates. we have isolated and sequenced the gene encoding dl-dex. the open reading frame consists of 921 bp corresponding ...	1997	9209038
tolerance to mercury chloride in scenedesmus strains.	mercury chloride toxicity was investigated in two strains of chlorella and in a strain of scenedesmus isolated from polluted areas in tuscany (italy). no hg resistance was found in the autotrophic microorganisms isolated, but scenedesmus sp. strain ar-2489, isolated from the arno river, was able to grow at concentrations of up to 5 micrograms ml-1 of hg. this concentration was twice that which inhibited growth of the two chlorella strains and scenedesmus acutus 8m, the reference strain from a cu ...	1997	9210291
cloning of the phosphonoacetate hydrolase gene from pseudomonas fluorescens 23f encoding a new type of carbon-phosphorus bond cleaving enzyme and its expression in escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida.	the phna gene encoding a novel carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage enzyme, phosphonoacetate hydrolase, from pseudomonas fluorescens 23f was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida. it conferred on the latter host the ability to mineralize phosphonoacetate but on the former the ability to utilize it as sole phosphorus source only. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the phna gene showed no significant homology with any data bank accessions.	1997	9300819
glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomons putida: survey of functional groups with special regard for cysteine residues.	the role of cysteine residues for structure and function of formaldehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas putida was analysed by amino acid sequence comparison, homology-based structure modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and chemical modification. five out of seven cysteine residues found in the enzyme were concluded to coordinate with an active site zinc (cys-46) and structural zinc atoms (cys-97, -100, -103, and -111) from the sequence comparison with other zn-containing medium-chain alcohol d ...	1997	9301119
microbial contamination of antiseptic-soaked cotton balls.	we investigated microbial contamination of in-use antiseptics at a hospital. no microbial contamination was observed in 70 samples of 0.02% benzalkonium chloride solution (500-ml volume), 70 samples of 1% titratable i2 povidone-iodine solution (250-ml volume), or 15 samples of 0.1% ethacridine lactate solution (500-ml volume) during use in reduced amounts. nor was any microbial contamination observed in 70 samples of cotton balls soaked in 1% titratable i2 povidone-iodine solution in canisters o ...	1997	9212987
dnase i footprinting, dna bending and in vitro transcription analyses of clcr and catr interactions with the clcabd promoter: evidence of a conserved transcriptional activation mechanism.	in pseudomonas putida, benzoate and 3-chlorobenzoate are converted to catechol and 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, which are then catabolized to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates via the catbca and clcabd pathways. the catbca and clcabd operons are regulated by homologous transcriptional activators catr and clcr. previous studies have demonstrated that in addition to sequence similarities, catr and clcr share functional similarities which allow catr to complement clcr. in this study, we dem ...	1997	9220004
cloning and analysis of the dnag gene encoding pseudomonas putida dna primase.	the dnag gene coding for primase, a key enzyme in dna replication, has been isolated from chromosomal dna of the soil bacterium pseudomonas putida. it maps within the putative mms operon, between the rpsu and rpod genes. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of p. putida dnag with sequences of other known bacterial primases reveals the presence of a possible regulatory region which would be unique to pseudomonads. the analysis of nucleotide sequence suggests that stable folding of the dn ...	1997	9224947
microbial degradation of chloroaromatics: use of the meta-cleavage pathway for mineralization of chlorobenzene.	pseudomonas putida gj31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. when cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. to establish the catabolic routes for these catechols, activities of enzymes of the (modified) ortho- and meta-cleavage pathways were measured in crude extracts of cells of p. putida gj31 grown on various aromatic substrates, i ...	1997	9226262
rapid purification of an active recombinant his-tagged 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas putida ou83.	2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-dbpd) is an extradiol-type dioxygenase that catalyzes the aromatic ring fission of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, the third step in the biphenyl degradation pathway. the nucleotide sequence of the pseudomonas putida ou83 gene bphc, which encodes 2,3-dbpd, was cloned into a plasmid pqe31. the his-tagged 2,3-dbpd produced by a recombinant escherichia coli strain, sg13009(prep4)(pakc1), and purified with a ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin affinity column using the h ...	1997	9228766
molecular characterization of the mde operon involved in l-methionine catabolism of pseudomonas putida.	a 15-kb region of pseudomonas putida chromosomal dna containing the mde operon and an upstream regulatory gene (mder) has been cloned and sequenced. the mde operon contains two structural genes involved in l-methionine degradative metabolism: the already-identified mdea, which encodes l-methionine gamma-lyase (h. inoue, k. inagaki, m. sugimoto, n. esaki, k. soda, and h. tanaka. j. biochem. (tokyo) 117:1120-1125, 1995), and mdeb, which encodes a homologous protein to the homodimeric-type e1 compo ...	1997	9190812
stereochemical course of two arene-cis-diol dehydrogenases specifically induced in pseudomonas putida.	catabolism of nonphenolic arenes is frequently initiated by dioxygenases, yielding single isomer products with two adjacent hydroxylated asymmetric centers. the next enzymic reaction dehydrogenates these cyclic cis-diols, with aromatization yielding catechols for ring cleavage. there are two stereochemical questions to answer. (i) to which face of nad is hydride transferred giving nadh? (ii) which hydrogen of the arene-cis-diols is donated to nad? we report the results of 1h nuclear magnetic res ...	1997	9190820
genetic characterization and expression in heterologous hosts of the 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate catabolic pathway of escherichia coli k-12.	we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene cluster encoding the 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (3-hpp) catabolic pathway of escherichia coli k-12. sequence analysis revealed the existence of eight genes that map at min 8 of the chromosome, between the lac and hemb regions. six enzyme-encoding genes account for a flavin-type monooxygenase (mhpa), the extradiol dioxygenase (mhpb), and the meta-cleavage pathway (mhpcdfe). the order of these catabolic genes, with the sole exception of mhp ...	1997	9098055
coactivation in vitro of the sigma54-dependent promoter pu of the tol plasmid of pseudomonas putida by hu and the mammalian hmg-1 protein.	the mechanism by which the prokaryotic histone-like protein hu replaces the integration host factor (ihf) in the coactivation of the sigma54-dependent promoter pu of pseudomonas putida has been investigated. by using a preactivated form of the cognate activator protein xylr, we show that the functional replacement of ihf with hu previously suggested in vivo can be faithfully reproduced in vitro with purified components. furthermore, the coactivation effect of ihf on pu could be mimicked not only ...	1997	9098077
structures and characteristics of novel siderophores from plant deleterious pseudomonas fluorescens a225 and pseudomonas putida atcc 39167.	when pseudomonas putida atcc 39167 and plant-deleterious pseudomonas fluorescens a225 were grown in an iron-deficient culture medium, they each produced two different novel yellow-green fluorescent pseudobactins: p39167-i, ii and pa225-i, ii. pseudobactin p39167-i has a molecular formula of c46h65o23n13 and is monoanionic at neutral ph. p39167-ii has the molecular formula of c46h63o22n13 and no charge at neutral ph. pseudobactin pa225-i has a molecular formula of c46h65o24n13 and is monoanionic ...	1997	9100010
tn5 tagging of the phenol-degrading gene on the chromosome of pseudomonas putida.	transposon mutagenesis was performed by the method of conjugational transfer in order to identify and characterize genes encoding enzymes involved in the pathway of phenol utilization as a carbon source. escherichia coli, which carries the tn5-132, was mated with pseudomonas putida sm25 as a host. we selected a mutant that could not utilize phenol as a carbon source. chromosomal integration of the transposon was confirmed by southern analysis, successfully tagging the gene related to a phenol-ut ...	1997	9085263
conservation of the multidrug resistance efflux gene oprm in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	an intragenic probe derived from the multidrug resistance gene oprm hybridized with genomic dna from all 20 serotypes of pseudomonas aeruginosa and from all 34 environmental and clinical isolates tested, indicating that the mexa-mexb-oprm multidrug efflux system is highly conserved in this organism. the oprm probe also hybridized with genomic dna from pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas chlororaphis, pseudomonas syringae, burkholderia pseudomallei, and pseudomonas putida, suggesting that efflu ...	1997	9087505
cloning and expression in pseudomonas putida of two of the histidine utilization genes from rhizobium fredii.	two of the genes encoding histidine utilization (hut) in rhizobium fredii strain hh303 have been cloned in pseudomonas putida and partially characterized. molecular cloning of the genes was achieved by mobilizing an r. fredii cosmid library into a mutant strain of p. putida containing a tn5 element in its histidase (huth) gene. a number of overlapping clones were identified, all of which contain a 7.1-kbp hindiii fragment. the origin of this 7.1-kbp fragment from the chromosome of r. fredii was ...	1997	8939803
isolation and sequencing of a gene coding for glyoxalase i activity from salmonella typhimurium and comparison with other glyoxalase i sequences.	the glyoxalase i gene (gloa) from salmonella typhimurium has been isolated in escherichia coli on a multi-copy pbr322-derived plasmid, selecting for resistance to 3 mm methylglyoxal on luria-bertani agar. the region of the plasmid which confers the methylglyoxal resistance in e. coli was sequenced. the deduced protein sequence was compared to the known sequences of the homo sapiens and pseudomonas putida glyoxalase i (glxi) enzymes, and regions of strong homology were used to probe the national ...	1997	9047352
monitoring of biodegradative pseudomonas putida strains in aquatic environments using molecular techniques		1997	9052646
overexpression and large-scale production of recombinant l-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane-lyase for novel anticancer therapy.	the goal of the next generation of cancer chemotherapy is effective tumor-selectivity. a tumor-selective target with high therapeutic potential is the elevated methionine requirement of tumor cells relative to normal cells. we have termed the elevated requirement for methionine in tumors methionine dependence. to selectively target the methionine dependence of tumors for treatment on a large-scale preclinical and clinical basis, the l-methionine alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane-lyase (methion ...	1997	9056489
structural studies on the catalytic component of benzene dioxygenase from pseudomonas putida.		1997	9056850
probing of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas aureofaciens, burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas putida with the ferripyochelin receptor a gene and the synthesis of pyochelin in pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas putida.	the ferripyochelin receptor a (fpta) gene codes for the transport of the ferrisiderophore ferripyochelin in pseudomonas aeruginosa. a p. aeruginosa fpta internal fragment was used to probe chromosomal dna from p. aureofaciens, b. cepacia, p. fluorescens, p. putida, and five strains of p.aeruginosa. these bacteria all contained dna that hybridized to the fpta fragment. four of the five p. aeruginosa strains displayed marked and identical patterns, indicating a high degree of sequence similarities ...	1997	9058547
the synthesis of (r)-(+)-lipoic acid using a monooxygenase-catalysed biotransformation as the key step.	2-(2-acetoxyethyl)cyclohexanone (4) was converted into the lactone (-)-(5) regio- and enantioselectively using 2-oxo-delta 3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenyl acetyl-coa monooxygenase, an nadph-dependent baeyer-villiger monooxygenase from camphor grown pseudomonas putida ncimb 10007. the lactone (-)-(5) was converted into (r)-(+)-lipoic acid in six steps. in contrast cyclopentanone monooxygenase, an nadph-dependent baeyer-villiger monooxygenase from cyclopentanol-grown pseudomonas sp. ncimb 9872 sele ...	1997	9061190
construction of a catalytically active iron superoxide dismutase by rational protein design.	the rational protein design algorithm dezymer was used to introduce the active site of nonheme iron superoxide dismutase (sod) into the hydrophobic interior of the host protein, escherichia coli thioredoxin (trx), a protein that does not naturally contain a transition metal-binding site. reconstitution of the designed protein, trx-sod, showed the incorporation of one high-affinity metal-binding site. the electronic spectra of the holoprotein and its n3- and f- adducts are analogous to those prev ...	1997	9159112
heterologous expression of biphenyl dioxygenase-encoding genes from a gram-positive broad-spectrum polychlorinated biphenyl degrader and characterization of chlorobiphenyl oxidation by the gene products.	the bpha1a2a3a4 gene cluster, encoding a biphenyl dioxygenase from rhodococcus globerulus p6, a gram-positive microorganism able to degrade a wide spectrum of polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), was expressed in pseudomonas putida, thereby allowing characterization of chlorobiphenyl oxidation by this enzyme. while p6 biphenyl dioxygenase activity was observed in p. putida containing bpha1a2a3a4, no activity was detected in escherichia coli cells containing the same gene cluster. in e. coli, transcriptio ...	1997	9068637
transcriptional activation of the bkd operon of pseudomonas putida by bkdr.	reinvestigation of the transcriptional start site of the bkd operon of pseudomonas putida revealed that the transcriptional start site was located 86 nucleotides upstream of the translational start. there was a sigma 70 binding site 10 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. the dissociation constants for bkdr, the transcriptional activator of the bkd operon, were 3.1 x 10(-7) m in the absence of l-valine and 8.9 x 10(-8) m in the presence of l-valine. binding of bkdr to substrate dna in ...	1997	9068646
chromosomal insertion of the entire escherichia coli lactose operon, into two strains of pseudomonas, using a modified mini-tn5 delivery system.	a 12-kb psti fragment including the entire e. coli lactose operon (lacipozya) was inserted in one copy into the chromosome of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens and an e. coli strain with lac- phenotype. this was made possible by improvements of an already existing mini-tn5 transposon delivery system (de lorenzo et al., 1990; herrero et al., 1990), which integrates cloned dna fragments at random sites on the chromosome of the recipient bacteria in single copies. this has resulted in: (a ...	1997	9074492
expression and characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 and two site-directed mutants: role of tryptophan 56 in the modulation of redox properties.	the gene coding for pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 was expressed in pseudomonas putida under aerobic conditions, using two different expression vectors; the more efficient proved to be pnm185, induced by m-toluate. mature holo-(cytochrome c-551) was produced in high yield by this expression system, and was purified to homogeneity. comparison of the recombinant wild-type protein with that purified from ps. aeruginosa showed no differences in structural and functional properties. trp56, a ...	1997	9078240
pseudomonas putida b2: a tod-lux bioluminescent reporter for toluene and trichloroethylene co-metabolism.	a tod-lux transcriptional fusion bioluminescent reporter strain, pseudomonas putida b2, was developed to permit on-line analysis of trichloroethylene (tce) transformation by toluene dioxygenase (todc1c2ba) in pseudomonas putida f1. strain b2 was exposed to toluene in growing and resting cell bioluminescence assays. the growing cells showed a direct correlation between bioluminescence and toluene concentration, while resting cells showed reproducible bioluminescence with repeated toluene exposure ...	1997	9079282
activation of the catbca promoter: probing the interaction of catr and rna polymerase through in vitro transcription.	the soil bacterium pseudomonas putida is capable of degrading many aromatic compounds, including benzoate, through catechol as an intermediate. the catabolism of catechol is mediated by the catbca operon, whose induction requires the pathway intermediate cis,cis-muconate as an inducer and the regulatory protein, catr. catr also regulates the plasmid-borne pheba operon of p. putida paw85, which is involved in phenol catabolism. we have used an in vitro transcription system to study the roles of c ...	1997	9079907
molecular cloning of the nema gene encoding n-ethylmaleimide reductase from escherichia coli.	using the gene mapping membrane technique, we identified a gene (nema) that encodes n-ethylmaleimide reductase in escherichia coli. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 365 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39,514 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology (87% identical) with the pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase of enterobacter cloacae and the morphinone reductase of pseudomonas putida (52% identical).	1997	9013822
mechanisms for solvent tolerance in bacteria.	the development of tolerance in pseudomonas putida dot-t1 to toluene and related highly toxic compounds involves short- and long-term responses. the short-term response is based on an increase in the rigidity of the cell membrane by rapid transformation of the fatty acid cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic acid (c17:cyclopropane) to unsaturated 9-cis-hexadecenoic acid (c16:1,9 cis) and subsequent transformation to the trans isomer. the long-term response involves in addition to the changes in fatty ...	1997	9020089
turn angle and run time distributions characterize swimming behavior for pseudomonas putida.	the swimming behavior of pseudomonas putida was analyzed with a tracking microscope to quantify its run time and turn angle distributions. monte carlo computer simulations illustrated that the bimodal turn angle distribution of p. putida reduced collisions with obstacles in porous media in comparison to the unimodal distribution of escherichia coli.	1997	9023235
construction and use of a versatile set of broad-host-range cloning and expression vectors based on the rk2 replicon.	the plasmid vectors described in this report are derived from the broad-host-range rk2 replicon and can be maintained in many gram-negative bacterial species. the complete nucleotide sequences of all of the cloning and expression vectors are known. important characteristics of the cloning vectors are as follows: a size range of 4.8 to 7.1 kb, unique cloning sites, different antibiotic resistance markers for selection of plasmid-containing cells, orit-mediated conjugative plasmid transfer, plasmi ...	1997	9023917
a new approach for containment of microorganisms: dual control of streptavidin expression by antisense rna and the t7 transcription system.	the use of microorganisms in the open environment would be of less concern if they were endowed with programmed self-destruction mechanisms. here, we propose a new genetic design to increase the effectiveness of cell suicide systems. it ensures very tight control of the derepression of cell death by the combination of the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase-lysozyme system and an inducible synthesis of antisense rna and the escherichia coli laci repressor. functionality of this regulatory concept wa ...	1997	9037005
a bacterial basic region leucine zipper histidine kinase regulating toluene degradation.	the two-component signal transduction pathways in bacteria use a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay circuit to mediate cellular changes in response to environmental stimuli. here we describe a novel two-component todst system, which activates expression of the toluene degradation (tod) pathway in pseudomonas putida f1. the tods gene is predicted to encode a sensory hybrid kinase with two unique properties--a basic region leucine zipper dimerization motif at the n terminus and a duplicated histidin ...	1997	9037074
relative expression and stability of a chromosomally integrated and plasmid-borne marker gene fusion in environmentally competent bacteria.	a xyle-icec transcriptional fusion was created by ligatinga dna fragment harboring the cloned xyle structural gene from the tol plasmid of pseudomonas putida mt-2 into the cloned icec gene of pseudomonas syringae cit7. this fusion construct was integrated into the chromosome of pseudomonas syringae cit7 by homologous recombination. both cis-merodiploid strain cit7m17 and marker exchange strain cit7h69 produced the xyle gene product, catechol2,3-dioxygenase. strain cit7m17, in which xyle was infl ...	1997	9003582
neisseria meningitidis tonb, exbb, and exbd genes: ton-dependent utilization of protein-bound iron in neisseriae.	we have recently cloned and characterized the hemoglobin (hb) receptor gene, hmbr, from neisseria meningitidis. to identify additional proteins that are involved in hb utilization, the n. meningitidis hb utilization system was reconstituted in escherichia coli. five cosmids from n. meningitidis dna library enabled a heme-requiring (hema), hmbr-expressing mutant of e. coli to use hb as both porphyrin and iron source. nucleotide sequence analysis of dna fragments subcloned from the hb-complementin ...	1997	9006036
nucleotide sequences and regulational analysis of genes involved in conversion of aniline to catechol in pseudomonas putida ucc22(ptdn1).	a 9,233-bp hindiii fragment of the aromatic amine catabolic plasmid ptdn1, isolated from a derivative of pseudomonas putida mt-2 (ucc22), confers the ability to degrade aniline on p. putida kt2442. the fragment encodes six open reading frames which are arranged in the same direction. their 5' upstream region is part of the direct-repeat sequence of ptdn1. nucleotide sequence of 1.8 kb of the repeat sequence revealed only a single base pair change compared to the known sequence of is1071 which is ...	1997	8990291
distribution of amine oxidases and amine dehydrogenases in bacteria grown on primary amines and characterization of the amine oxidase from klebsiella oxytoca.	the bacteria klebsiella oxytoca lmd 72.65 (atcc 8724), arthrobacter p1 lmd 81.60 (ncib 11625), paracoccus versutus lmd 80.62 (atcc 25364), escherichia coli w lmd 50.28 (atcc 9637), e. coli k12 lmd 93.68, pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 lmd 89.1 (atcc 17933) and pseudomonas putida lmd 68.20 (atcc 12633) utilized primary amines as a carbon and energy source, although the range of amines accepted varied from organism to organism. the gram-negative bacteria k. oxytoca and e. coli as well as the gram-pos ...	1997	9043125
succession and convergence of biofilm communities in fixed-film reactors treating aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater.	community composition, succession, and performance were compared in three fluidized bed reactors (fbr) operated to test preemptive colonization and the influence of toluene compared with a mixture of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (btx) as feeds. one reactor was inoculated with toluene-degrading strains pseudomonas putida paw1, burkholderia cepacia g4, and b. pickettii pko1. paw1 outcompeted the other two strains. when groundwater strains were allowed to challenge the steady-state biofilm develo ...	1997	8979355
characterization of three distinct extradiol dioxygenases involved in mineralization of dibenzofuran by terrabacter sp. strain dpo360.	the dibenzofuran-degrading bacterial strain dpo360 represents a new species of the genus terrabacter together with the previously described dibenzofuran-mineralizing bacterial strain dpo1361 (k.-h. engesser, v. strubel, k. christoglou, p. fischer, and h. g. rast, fems microbiol. lett. 65:205-210, 1989; v. strubel, ph.d. thesis, university of stuttgart, stuttgart, germany, 1991; v. strubel, h. g. rast, w. fietz, h.-j. knackmuss, and k.-h. engesser, fems microbiol. lett. 58:233-238, 1989). two 2,3 ...	1997	8981980
binding of l-branched-chain amino acids causes a conformational change in bkdr.	bkdr is the positive transcriptional activator of the inducible bkd operon of pseudomonas putida. evidence is accumulating that l-branched-chain amino acids are the inducers of the operon, and the data obtained in this study show that they induce a conformational change in bkdr. addition of l-branched-chain amino acids increased the susceptibility of bkdr to trypsin with the cleavage between arg-51 and gln-52 on the c-terminal side of the dna-binding domain. l-valine also caused an increased flu ...	1997	8982009
cloning and characterization of the exbb-exbd-tonb locus of pasteurella haemolytica a1.	a recombinant plasmid (pmg1) carrying pasteurella haemolytica a1 dna which complements a tonb mutation of escherichia coli has been isolated. e. coli tonb mete which carries pmg1 exhibits growth kinetics in the presence of vitamin b12 similar to that of the wild-type host. in addition, the complemented e. coli is susceptible to killing by bacteriophage phi 80 and colicin b. analysis of the nucleotide sequence in the complementing dna showed that it codes for three genes in the order of exbb-exbd ...	1997	9074497
xyluw, two genes at the start of the upper pathway operon of tol plasmid pww0, appear to play no essential part in determining its catabolic phenotype.	the upper pathway operon of the toluene catabolic pathway of tol plasmid pww0 was shown to carry two open reading frames between the start of transcription and xylc (encoding benzaldehyde dehydrogenase), the first previously reported gene of the operon. these were designated xyluw: xylu encoded a protein of 131 amino acid residues (m(r) 14,244) which bore no relationship with any protein in the databases, and xylw encoded a protein of 348 residues (m(r) 36,992) which was strongly homologous to o ...	1997	9025283
the dimerization of pseudomonas putida cytochrome p450cam: practical consequences and engineering of a monomeric enzyme.	cytochrome p450cam dimerizes via the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond, complicating the storage and handling of the enzyme, particularly at higher concentrations. the dimeric enzyme is 14% less active than the monomer and forms at a slow but significant rate even at 4 degrees c [k = 1.09 x 10(-3) mm(-1) h(-1)]. to eliminate any ambiguity introduced by dimer formation and to simplify handling and storage of the enzyme, site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify c334 as the single ...	1997	9542996
cloning and sequence analysis of a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene from the nitrobenzene-degrading strain comamonas sp js765.	comamonas sp strain js765 utilizes nitrobenzene as a carbon and nitrogen source. the initial attack on nitrobenzene is carried out by nitrobenzene 1,2-dioxygenase, which converts nitrobenzene to an unstable nitrohydrodiol that spontaneously decomposes to form catechol and nitrite. catechol is then degraded via a meta cleavage pathway. we now report the cloning of a dna fragment carrying a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene from js765. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed three open reading frames (o ...	1997	9451836
effect of long-term depletion of plasma methionine on the growth and survival of human brain tumor xenografts in athymic mice.	depletion of plasma methionine is expected to inhibit or reverse growth of methionine-dependent tumors; however, modulation of methionine and other sulfur amino acids is not a trivial task in experimental animals. l-methioninase from pseudomonas putida at 1,000 u/kg causes acute reduction of plasma methionine by 80% in mice, but recovery occurs within 14 hours. restriction of dietary choline and replacement of dietary methionine with homocystine results in 50% chronic reduction of plasma methion ...	1997	9457739
rpon of the fish pathogen vibrio (listonella) anguillarum is essential for flagellum production and virulence by the water-borne but not intraperitoneal route of inoculation.	to investigate the involvement of rpon in flagellum production and pathogenicity of vibrio (listonella) anguillarum, the rpon gene was cloned and sequenced. the deduced product of the rpon gene displayed strong homology to the alternative sigma 54 factor (rpon) of numerous species of bacteria. in addition, partial sequencing of rpon-linked orfs revealed a marked resemblance to similarly located orfs in other bacterial species. a polar insertion or an in-frame deletion in the coding region of rpo ...	1997	9421909
recombinant methioninase infusion reduces the biochemical endpoint of serum methionine with minimal toxicity in high-stage cancer patients.	the tumor-specific increased minimal requirement for methionine has been shown to be a highly promising therapeutic target. to attack this target we have previously cloned the methioninase gene from pseudomonas putida and produced recombinant methioninase (rmetase). a pilot phase i clinical trial has been carried out to determine rmetase toxicity, rmetase pharmacokinetics, and serum met-depletion in cancer patients. patients with advanced breast cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer and lymphoma wer ...	1997	9427792