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emergence of carbapenem resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated in an icu of a tertiary care hospital.the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (mdr) non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (nfgnb) in intensive care units (icu) and their genetic potential to transmit diverse antibiotic resistance regardless of their ability to ferment glucose poses a major threat in hospitals. the complex interplay of clonal spread, persistence, transmission of resistance elements and cell-cell interaction leads to the difficulty in controlling infections caused by these multi drug-resistant strains. among n ...201728273965
isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant elizabethkingia meningoseptica from neonates within minutes of birth. 201727941472
genome of the carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate elizabethkingia miricola em_chuv and comparative genomics with elizabethkingia meningoseptica and elizabethkingia anophelis: evidence for intrinsic multidrug resistance trait of emerging pathogens.elizabethkingia miricola is a gram-negative non-fermenting rod emerging as a life-threatening human pathogen. the multidrug-resistant (mdr) carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate e. miricola em_chuv was recovered in the setting of severe nosocomial pneumonia. in this study, the genome of e. miricola em_chuv was sequenced and a functional analysis was performed, including a comparative genomic study with elizabethkingia meningoseptica and elizabethkingia anophelis. the resistome of em_chuv reve ...201727913093
relative prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of elizabethkingia species based on 16s rrna gene sequencing.some of the previously reported clinical isolates of elizabethkingia meningoseptica may be later named species of elizabethkingia we determined the accuracy of species identification (with two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry [maldi-tof ms] systems and the vitek 2 gn card), relative prevalence of three elizabethkingia spp. in clinical specimens, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the species identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing. specimens for cultur ...201727847376
under-utilization of taps in intensive care unit as a cause of reservoirs of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli.the under-utilisation of taps is associated with the generation of reservoirs of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli with the ability to disseminate. we describe the detection and approach of the problem in an icu.201728291668
risk factors and outcome of levofloxacin-resistant elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteraemia in adult patients in taiwan.elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with high mortality and inherently resistant to many antimicrobial agents. levofloxacin has been considered as a therapeutic agent based on in vitro susceptibility. we aim to investigate the risk factors and outcomes for levofloxacin-resistant e. meningoseptica bacteraemia. adult patients with e. meningoseptica bacteraemia were identified retrospectively in a medical centre in taiwan from january 2011 to july 2015. thes ...201728265817
outbreak of elizabethkingia meningoseptica sepsis with meningitis in a well-baby nursery.between march and may 2012, three neonates born at a regional maternity hospital developed elizabethkingia meningoseptica (previously chryseobacterium meningosepticum) sepsis with meningitis aged <10 days, and were treated successfully with intravenous ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin or piperacillin-tazobactam for three to six weeks. four (16.6%) of 24 environmental specimens obtained from the nursery and delivery room were positive for this organism. all of the clinical isolates and two isolates ...201628077242
assessment of biofilm formation of e. meningoseptica, d. acidovorans, and s. maltophilia in lens cases and their growth on recovery media.bacterial biofilm formation in contact lens cases is a risk factor in the development of both microbial and infiltrative keratitis. this investigation evaluated three emerging pathogens: stenotrophomonas maltophilia, elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and delftia acidovorans for biofilm formation and metabolic activity in lens cases. also, growth of these bacteria on different media was assessed to optimize recovery conditions.201626383012
mechanistic and evolutionary insights from comparative enzymology of phosphomonoesterases and phosphodiesterases across the alkaline phosphatase superfamily.naively one might have expected an early division between phosphate monoesterases and diesterases of the alkaline phosphatase (ap) superfamily. on the contrary, prior results and our structural and biochemical analyses of phosphate monoesterase pafa, from chryseobacterium meningosepticum, indicate similarities to a superfamily phosphate diesterase [xanthomonas citri nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (npp)] and distinct differences from the three metal ion ap superfamily monoesterase, ...201627670607
successful management of elizabethkingia meningoseptica meningitis with intraventricular vancomycin.elizabethkingia meningoseptica, formerly chryseobacterium meningosepticum usually causes neonatal meningitis and is a rare cause of nosocomial meningitis in adults. e. meningoseptica is resistant to most antibiotics, and the use of inactive drugs as empirical therapy may contribute to poor outcome in many patients. vancomycin, alone or in combination with rifampicin, has been successful in the treatment of meningitis in infants1. we present a case of e. meningoseptica meningitis in an adult who ...201627766817
first report of bacteremia caused by elizabethkingia meningoseptica in a dog. 201627587896
crystal structure of the metallo-β-lactamase gob in the periplasmic dizinc form reveals an unusual metal site.metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) are broad-spectrum, zn(ii)-dependent lactamases able to confer resistance to virtually every β-lactam antibiotic currently available. the large diversity of active-site structures and metal content among mbls from different sources has limited the design of a pan-mbl inhibitor. gob-18 is a divergent mbl from subclass b3 that is expressed by the opportunistic gram-negative pathogen elizabethkingia meningoseptica this mbl is atypical, since several residues conserved ...201627458232
elizabethkingia meningoseptica and contact lens use.a 47-year-old man presented to our emergency department complaining of acute ocular pain and redness of his left eye. ophthalmological antecedents included use of semi-rigid contact lens and primary open-angle glaucoma. slit-lamp examination revealed a small central corneal ulcer associated with stromal inflammatory infiltrate. scraping from the corneal ulcer was positive for elizabethkingia meningoseptica. he was empirically treated with topical 0.5% levofloxacin and 0.3% gentamicin, and five w ...201627349783
microbial contamination of ice machines is mediated by activated charcoal filtration systems in a city hospital.although microbial contamination of ice machines has been reported, no previous study has addressed microbial contamination of ice produced by machines equipped with activated charcoal (ac) filters in hospitals. the aim of this study was to provide clinical data for evaluating ac filters to prevent microbial contamination of ice. we compared microbial contamination in ice samples produced by machines with (n = 20) and without an ac filter (n = 40) in shunan city shinnanyo municipal hospital. all ...201627348980
diversity of culturable gram-negative bacteria isolated from irrigation water of two rice crop regions in southern brazil.in this study, we assessed the diversity of gram-negative bacteria found in water used for irrigation of rice crops in two growing areas of southern brazil. samples were collected from the main irrigation channel and field drain area. twenty-two bacterial species were found in cachoeirinha and 28 in camaquã. in both areas, the most frequent bacterial families were enterobacteriaceae and aeromonadaceae. differences in microbial diversity were observed in both study areas. thirty-five gram-negativ ...201627197729
endo-f3 glycosynthase mutants enable chemoenzymatic synthesis of core-fucosylated triantennary complex type glycopeptides and glycoproteins.chemoenzymatic synthesis is emerging as a promising approach to the synthesis of homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins highly demanded for functional glycomics studies, but its generality relies on the availability of a range of enzymes with high catalytic efficiency and well defined substrate specificity. we describe in this paper the discovery of glycosynthase mutants derived from elizabethkingia meningoseptica endoglycosidase f3 (endo-f3) of the gh18 family, which are devoid of the inhe ...201626966183
infections due to elizabethkingia meningoseptica in critically injured trauma patients: a seven-year study.elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an infrequent cause of hospital-acquired infections. the clinical and microbiological profiles of infections due to e. meningoseptica over a seven-year period at a level-i trauma centre are reported in this study. medical records of patients from whose clinical samples e. meningoseptica was isolated on more than one occasion were reviewed. a total of 21 cases were observed during the study, 16 (76.2%) of which exhibited multidrug resistance. the observed in-hosp ...201626763750
correction for pradeep et al., draft genome sequence of elizabethkingia anopheles, isolated from a postoperative endophthalmitis patient. 201627932658
taxonogenomics and description of vaginella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., strain marseille p2517(t), a new bacterial genus isolated from the human vagina.an obligate aerobic, gram-negative, nonmotile and nonsporulating rod designated marseille p2517 was isolated from the vaginal flora. we describe its features, annotate the genome and compare it to the closest species. the 16s rrna analysis shows 93.03% sequence similarity with weeksella virosa, the phylogenetically closest species. its genome is 2 434 475 bp long and presents 38.16% g+c. on the basis of these data, it can be considered as a new genus in the flavobacteriaceae family, for which we ...201628053707
taxonogenomics and description of vaginella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., strain marseille p2517(t), a new bacterial genus isolated from the human vagina.an obligate aerobic, gram-negative, nonmotile and nonsporulating rod designated marseille p2517 was isolated from the vaginal flora. we describe its features, annotate the genome and compare it to the closest species. the 16s rrna analysis shows 93.03% sequence similarity with weeksella virosa, the phylogenetically closest species. its genome is 2 434 475 bp long and presents 38.16% g+c. on the basis of these data, it can be considered as a new genus in the flavobacteriaceae family, for which we ...201628053707
cp40 from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase.c. pseudotuberculosis is an important animal pathogen that causes substantial economical loss in sheep and goat farming. zoonotic infections in humans are rare, but when they occur they are often severe and difficult to treat. one of the most studied proteins from this bacterium, the secreted protein cp40 is being developed as a promising vaccine candidate and has been characterized as a serine protease. in this study we have investigated if cp40 is an endoglycosidase rather than a protease.201627821068
genome sequence of elizabethkingia meningoseptica em1, isolated from a patient with a bloodstream infection.elizabethkingia meningoseptica em1 was isolated from a whole-blood sample from a female patient. the draft genome sequence of em1 contains 4,038,467 bp, with a g+c content of 36.37%. a preliminary genome analysis showed that em1 contains genes conferring resistance to β-lactams. the bacterium has hemolysin genes and a set of genes involved in heme uptake and heme utilization, showing its potential to cause bloodstream infections. a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr ...201627789634
protein n-glycosylation and n-glycan trimming are required for postembryonic development of the pest beetle tribolium castaneum.in holometabolous insects the transition from larva to adult requires a complete body reorganization and relies on n-glycosylated proteins. n-glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification that influences protein activity but its impact on the metamorphosis has not been studied yet. here we used the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, to perform a first comprehensive study on the involvement of the protein n-glycosylation pathway in metamorphosis. the transcript levels for genes ...201627731363
the structural basis for cd36 binding by the malaria parasite.cd36 is a scavenger receptor involved in fatty acid metabolism, innate immunity and angiogenesis. it interacts with lipoprotein particles and facilitates uptake of long chain fatty acids. it is also the most common target of the pfemp1 proteins of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, tethering parasite-infected erythrocytes to endothelial receptors. this prevents their destruction by splenic clearance and allows increased parasitaemia. here we describe the structure of cd36 in complex wi ...201627667267
persistent infection by wolbachia walbb has no effect on composition of the gut microbiota in adult female anopheles stephensi.the bacteria in the midgut of anopheles stephensi adult females from laboratory colonies were studied by sequencing the v4 region of 16s rrna genes, with respect to three experimental factors: stable or cured wolbachia infection; sugar or blood diet; and age. proteobacteria and bacteroidetes dominated the community [>90% of operational taxonomic units (otus)]; most taxa were in the classes flavobacteriia, gammaproteobacteria, and alphaproteobacteria, and were assigned to elizabethkingia (46.9%), ...201627708633
carbapenem breakpoints for acinetobacter baumannii group: supporting clinical outcome data from patients with bacteremia.the carbapenem breakpoints set by different organizations for acinetobacter are discordant, but supporting clinical data are lacking. this study aimed to provide the first clinical outcome data to support the carbapenem breakpoints for acinetobacter baumannii (ab) group in patients with bacteremia. this study included 117 adults who received carbapenems for treatment of ab group bacteremia in taipei veterans general hospital over an 8-year period. we analyzed 30-day mortality rates among patient ...201627644087
functional integration of the circulatory, immune, and respiratory systems in mosquito larvae: pathogen killing in the hemocyte-rich tracheal tufts.as both larvae and adults, mosquitoes encounter a barrage of immune insults, ranging from microbe-rich communities in larval habitats to ingested blood-borne pathogens in adult blood meals. given that mosquito adults have evolved an efficient means of eliminating infections in their hemocoel (body cavity) via the coordinated action of their immune and circulatory systems, the goal of the present study was to determine whether such functional integration is also present in larvae.201627643786
applicability of an in-house saponin-based extraction method in bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for identification of bacterial and fungal species in positively flagged blood cultures.we used an in-house saponin-based extraction method to evaluate the performance of the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/ms) system for the identification of bacteria and fungi in 405 positively flagged blood culture bottles. results obtained from maldi-tof/ms were compared with those obtained using conventional phenotypic identification methods. of the 405 positively flagged blood culture bottles, 365 showed monomicrobal grow ...201627695442
isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and detection of sul1, blatem, and blashv in amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant bacteria isolated from retail sausages in kampar, malaysia.due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is becoming a concern.201627942365
use of maldi-tof ms and culturomics to identify mosquitoes and their midgut microbiota.mosquitoes transmit a wide range of human parasitic and viral diseases. in recent years, new techniques such as maldi-tof ms have been developed to identify mosquitoes at the species level, which is key for entomological surveys. additionally, there is increasing interest in the mosquito microbiota and its role in vector capacity.201627613238
elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its correlations with severity of disease in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) increases patient mortality and medical expenditure, and a real-time and reliable method for the rapid diagnosis of vap may help reduce fatal complications. matrix metalloproteinases-9 (mmp-9) is considered significant in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation and infection. therefore, we examined its relationship with the clinical course of vap. this retrospective observational study recruited 30 healthy volunteers, 12 patients who used mechanical ventilatio ...201627499696
a complete profile on blind-your-eye mangrove excoecaria agallocha l. (euphorbiaceae): ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects.traditional system of medicine consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances. this article provides a comprehensive review of the complete profile of an important mangrove plant excoecaria agallocha l. (euphorbiaceae) and elaborately describing the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. it is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as epilepsy, ulcers, leprosy, rheumatism, and paralysis. the latex obtained fro ...201628082796
complete genome sequences of four strains from the 2015-2016 elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak.the complete circularized genome sequences of selected specimens from the largest known elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak to date are described here. genomic rearrangements observed among the outbreak strains are discussed.201627313304
cross-class metallo-β-lactamase inhibition by bisthiazolidines reveals multiple binding modes.metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) hydrolyze almost all β-lactam antibiotics and are unaffected by clinically available β-lactamase inhibitors (βlis). active-site architecture divides mbls into three classes (b1, b2, and b3), complicating development of βlis effective against all enzymes. bisthiazolidines (btzs) are carboxylate-containing, bicyclic compounds, considered as penicillin analogs with an additional free thiol. here, we show both l- and d-btz enantiomers are micromolar competitive βlis of al ...201627303030
antibacterial activity of blue light against nosocomial wound pathogens growing planktonically and as mature biofilms.the blue wavelengths within the visible light spectrum are intrinisically antimicrobial and can photodynamically inactivate the cells of a wide spectrum of bacteria (gram positive and negative) and fungi. furthermore, blue light is equally effective against both drug-sensitive and -resistant members of target species and is less detrimental to mammalian cells than is uv radiation. blue light is currently used for treating acnes vulgaris and helicobacter pylori infections; the utility for deconta ...201627129967
new β-lactamase inhibitors in the clinic.given the serious medical burden of β-lactamases, many approaches are being used identify candidate agents for β-lactamase inhibition. here, we review two β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor (bl-bli) combinations, ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam that recently entered the clinic. in addition, we focus on bl-bli combinations in preclinical development that have demonstrated activity in clinical isolates via susceptibility testing and/or in in vivo models of infection. we highlight only ...201627208767
taxonomer: an interactive metagenomics analysis portal for universal pathogen detection and host mrna expression profiling.high-throughput sequencing enables unbiased profiling of microbial communities, universal pathogen detection, and host response to infectious diseases. however, computation times and algorithmic inaccuracies have hindered adoption.201627224977
ispd produces cdp-ribitol used by fktn and fkrp to transfer ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan.mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. however, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. here we report that three enzymes mutated in dystroglycanopathies can collaborate to attach ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ispd) synthesizes cdp-ribitol, present in muscle, and ...201627194101
the role of toll-like receptor 4 in infectious and noninfectious inflammation.toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (prrs). they are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), thus representing the first line of defense against infections. tlr4 has been long recognized as the sensing receptor for gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps). in addition, it also binds endogenous molecules produced as a result of tissue injury. hence, tlr4 represents a key receptor on which both ...201627293318
elizabethkingia anophelis bacteremia is associated with clinically significant infections and high mortality.unlike elizabethkingia meningoseptica, the clinical importance of e. anophelis is poorly understood. we determined the clinical and molecular epidemiology of bacteremia caused by elizabethkingia-like species from five regional hospitals in hong kong. among 45 episodes of elizabethkingia-like bacteremia, 21 were caused by elizabethkingia, including 17 e. anophelis, three e. meningoseptica and one e. miricola; while 24 were caused by other diverse genera/species, as determined by 16s rrna gene seq ...201627185741
a gene of the β3-glycosyltransferase family encodes n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ii function in trypanosoma brucei.the bloodstream form of the human pathogen trypanosoma brucei expresses oligomannose, paucimannose, and complex n-linked glycans, including some exceptionally large poly-n-acetyllactosamine-containing structures. despite the presence of complex n-glycans in this organism, no homologues of the canonical n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i or ii genes can be found in the t. brucei genome. these genes encode the activities that initiate the elaboration of the manα1-3 and manα1-6 arms, respectively, o ...201627189951
production of functionally active and immunogenic non-glycosylated protective antigen from bacillus anthracis in nicotiana benthamiana by co-expression with peptide-n-glycosidase f (pngase f) of flavobacterium meningosepticum.bacillus anthracis has long been considered a potential biological warfare agent, and therefore, there is a need for a safe, low-cost and highly efficient anthrax vaccine with demonstrated long-term stability for mass vaccination in case of an emergency. many efforts have been made towards developing an anthrax vaccine based on recombinant protective antigen (rpa) of b. anthracis, a key component of the anthrax toxin, produced using different expression systems. plants represent a promising reco ...201627101370
polymicrobial infection of the cornea due to contact lens wear.a 38-year-old male presented with pain and redness in his left eye. he had a history of wearing contact lenses. his ophthalmic examination revealed a large corneal ulcer with surrounding infiltrate. cultures were isolated from the contact lenses, lens solutions, storage cases, and conjunctivae of both eyes and also corneal scrapings of the left eye. fortified vancomycin and amikacin drops were started hourly. culture results of conjunctivae of each eye and left cornea were positive for pseudomon ...201627800266
association between elevated alanine aminotransferase and urosepsis in children with acute pyelonephritis.the aim of this study is to investigate the association between elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt) and urosepsis in children with acute pyelonephritis (apn).201627066449
mosquito c-type lectins maintain gut microbiome homeostasis.the long-term evolutionary interaction between the host immune system and symbiotic bacteria determines their cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. it is known that commensal bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms to manipulate the mammalian host immune system and maintain homeostasis. however, the strategies employed by the microbiome to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates still remain to be understood. here, we report that the gut microbiome in mosquitoes utilize ...201627170846
draft genome sequences of strains representing each of the elizabethkingia genomospecies previously determined by dna-dna hybridization.draft genome sequences of elizabethkingia meningoseptica and representatives of each of its four historically described genomospecies were sequenced here. preliminary analysis suggests that elizabethkingia miricola belongs to genomospecies 2, and both elizabethkingia anophelis and elizabethkingia endophytica are most similar to genomospecies 1.201626966213
native conformation and canonical disulfide bond formation are interlinked properties of hiv-1 env glycoproteins.we investigated whether there is any association between a native-like conformation and the presence of only the canonical (i.e., native) disulfide bonds in the gp120 subunits of a soluble recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope (env) glycoprotein. we used a mass spectrometry (ms)-based method to map the disulfide bonds present in nonnative uncleaved gp140 proteins and native-like sosip.664 trimers based on the bg505 env gene. our results show that uncleaved gp140 protei ...201626719247
biochemical characterization of cps-1, a subclass b3 metallo-β-lactamase from a chryseobacterium piscium soil isolate.cps-1 is a subclass b3 metallo-β-lactamase from a chryseobacterium piscium isolate collected from soil, showing 68% amino acid identity to the gob-1 enzyme. cps-1 was overproduced in escherichia coli rosetta (de3), purified by chromatography, and biochemically characterized. this enzyme exhibits a broad-spectrum substrate profile, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, which overall resembles those of l1, gob-1, and acquired subclass b3 enzymes aim-1 and smb-1.201626666948
evaluation of the filmarray blood culture identification panel: results of a multicenter controlled trial.sepsis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical expense. rapid diagnosis improves outcomes and reduces costs. the filmarray blood culture identification panel (biofire diagnostics llc, salt lake city, ut), a highly multiplexed pcr assay, can identify 24 etiologic agents of sepsis (8 gram-positive, 11 gram-negative, and 5 yeast species) and three antimicrobial resistance genes (meca, vana/b, and blakpc) from positive blood culture bottles. it provides results in about 1 h w ...201626739158
comparative study of plasma endotoxin with procalcitonin levels in diagnosis of bacteremia in intensive care unit patients.both procalcitonin (pct) and plasma endotoxin levels cannot be solely used for a definite diagnosis of bacteremia or sepsis, and there has been few study comparing the values of the two biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacteremia. the aim of this study was to identify bacteria causing bacteremia and evaluate the role of the two biomarkers in the diagnosis of bacteremia in intensive care unit (icu).201626879015
functional and structural analysis of a β-glucosidase involved in β-1,2-glucan metabolism in listeria innocua.despite the presence of β-1,2-glucan in nature, few β-1,2-glucan degrading enzymes have been reported to date. recently, the lin1839 protein from listeria innocua was identified as a 1,2-β-oligoglucan phosphorylase. since the adjacent lin1840 gene in the gene cluster encodes a putative glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidase, we hypothesized that lin1840 is also involved in β-1,2-glucan dissimilation. here we report the functional and structural analysis of lin1840. a recombinant lin1840 prot ...201626886583
pathogens in ornamental waters: a pilot study.in parks, ornamental waters of easy access and populated with animals are quite attractive to children and yet might hide threats to human health. the present work focuses on the microbiota of the ornamental waters of a lisboa park, characterized during 2015. the results show a dynamic microbiota integrating human pathogens such as klebsiella pneumoniae, aeromonas spp. and enterobacter spp., and also antibiotic resistant bacteria. k. pneumoniae and aeromonas spp. were present as planktonic and b ...201626891309
n-glycosylation improves the pepsin resistance of histidine acid phosphatase phytases by enhancing their stability at acidic phs and reducing pepsin's accessibility to its cleavage sites.n-glycosylation can modulate enzyme structure and function. in this study, we identified two pepsin-resistant histidine acid phosphatase (hap) phytases from yersinia kristensenii (ykappa) and yersinia rohdei (yrappa), each having an n-glycosylation motif, and one pepsin-sensitive hap phytase from yersinia enterocolitica (yeappa) that lacked an n-glycosylation site. site-directed mutagenesis was employed to construct mutants by altering the n-glycosylation status of each enzyme, and the mutant an ...201626637601
expression, purification and biological characterization of the extracellular domain of cd40 from pichia pastoris.cd40, also called bp50, is a novel member of the tnf receptor superfamily. based on its important role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, the cd40 signaling pathway has become a vital target for treating transplantation, autoimmune diseases and cancers. this study generated a protein fragment that disrupts this signaling pathway.201626809818
high-quality genome sequence and description of chryseobacterium senegalense sp. nov.strain ff12(t) was isolated from the mouth of a west african lungfish (protopterus annectens) in senegal. maldi-tof-ms did not provide any identification. this strain exhibited a 97.97% 16s rrna sequence identity with kaistella flava. using a polyphasic study including phenotypic and genomic analyses, strain ff12(t) is gram-negative, aero-anaerobic, oxidase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and exhibited a genome of 4,397,629 bp with a g+c content of 35.1% that coded 4,001 protein-coding ...201626933502
a novel mva-mediated pathway for isoprene production in engineered e. coli.to deal with the increasingly severe energy crisis and environmental consequences, biofuels and biochemicals generated from renewable resources could serve as a promising alternative for replacing petroleum as a source of fuel and chemicals, among which isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in particular is of great significance in that it is an important platform chemical, which has been used in industrial production of synthetic rubber for tires and coatings or aviation fuel.201626786050
glycomic characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient suffering from phosphomannomutase 2 congenital disorder of glycosylation (pmm2-cdg).pmm2-cdg, formerly known as congenital disorder of glycosylation-ia (cdg-ia), is caused by mutations in the gene encoding phosphomannomutase 2 (pmm2). this disease is the most frequent form of inherited cdg-diseases affecting protein n-glycosylation in human. pmm2-cdg is a multisystemic disease with severe psychomotor and mental retardation. in order to study the pathophysiology of pmm2-cdg in a human cell culture model, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) from fibroblasts of a p ...201626785728
a yeast strain associated to anopheles mosquitoes produces a toxin able to kill malaria parasites.malaria control strategies are focusing on new approaches, such as the symbiotic control, which consists in the use of microbial symbionts to prevent parasite development in the mosquito gut and to block the transmission of the infection to humans. several microbes, bacteria and fungi, have been proposed for malaria or other mosquito-borne diseases control strategies. among these, the yeast wickerhamomyces anomalus has been recently isolated from the gut of anopheles mosquitoes, where it release ...201626754943
probing substrate binding to the metal binding sites in metallo-β-lactamase l1 during catalysis.metal ions in metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) play a major role in catalysis. in this study we investigated the role of the metal ions in the zn1 and zn2 sites of mbl l1 during catalysis. a znco (with zn(ii) in the invariant zn1 site and co(ii) in the zn2 site) analog of mbl l1 was prepared by using a biological incorporation method. extended x-ray absorption fine structure (exafs) spectroscopic studies were used to confirm that the znco analog was prepared. to study the roles of the zn(ii) and co(i ...201627087914
b1-metallo-β-lactamases: where do we stand?metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) are class bβ-lactamases that hydrolyze almost all clinically-availableβ-lactam antibiotics. mbls feature the distinctive αβ/βα sandwich fold of the metallo-hydrolase/oxidoreductase superfamily and possess a shallow active-site groove containing one or two divalent zinc ions, flanked by flexible loops. according to sequence identity and zinc ion dependence, mbls are classified into three subclasses (b1, b2 and b3), of which the b1 subclass enzymes have emerged as the m ...201626424398
n-glycosylation profiling of colorectal cancer cell lines reveals association of fucosylation with differentiation and caudal type homebox 1 (cdx1)/villin mrna expression.various cancers such as colorectal cancer (crc) are associated with alterations in protein glycosylation. crc cell lines are frequently used to study these (glyco)biological changes and their mechanisms. however, differences between crc cell lines with regard to their glycosylation have hitherto been largely neglected. here, we comprehensively characterized the n-glycan profiles of 25 different crc cell lines, derived from primary tumors and metastatic sites, in order to investigate their potent ...201626537799
etymologia: elizabethkingia. 201627057563
waterborne elizabethkingia meningoseptica in adult critical care.elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an infrequent colonizer of the respiratory tract; its pathogenicity is uncertain. in the context of a 22-month outbreak of e. meningoseptica acquisition affecting 30 patients in a london, uk, critical care unit (3% attack rate) we derived a measure of attributable morbidity and determined whether e. meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. we found monomicrobial e. meningoseptica acquisition (n = 13) to have an attributable morbidity rate of 54% (syste ...201626690562
a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes.for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ...201626511485
a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes.for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ...201626511485
spectrum and sensitivity of bacterial keratitis isolates in auckland.background. the bacteria isolated from severe cases of keratitis and their antibiotic sensitivity are recognised to vary geographically and over time. objectives. to identify the most commonly isolated bacteria in keratitis cases admitted over a 24-month period to a public hospital in auckland, new zealand, and to investigate in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics. methods. hospital admissions for culture-proven bacterial keratitis between january 2013 and december 2014 were identified. laboratory ...201627213052
properties of gluten intolerance: gluten structure, evolution, pathogenicity and detoxification capabilities.theterm gluten intolerance may refer to three types of human disorders: autoimmune celiac disease (cd), allergy to wheat and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (ncgs). gluten is a mixture of prolamin proteins present mostly in wheat, but also in barley, rye and oat. gluten can be subdivided into three major groups: s-rich, s-poor and high molecular weight proteins. prolamins within the groups possess similar structures and properties. all gluten proteins are evolutionarily connected and share the sam ...201627763541
ineffective degradation of immunogenic gluten epitopes by currently available digestive enzyme supplements.due to the high proline content of gluten molecules, gastrointestinal proteases are unable to fully degrade them leaving large proline-rich gluten fragments intact, including an immunogenic 33-mer from α-gliadin and a 26-mer from γ-gliadin. these latter peptides can trigger pro-inflammatory t cell responses resulting in tissue remodeling, malnutrition and a variety of other complications. a strict lifelong gluten-free diet is currently the only available treatment to cope with gluten intolerance ...201526030273
therapeutic approaches for celiac disease.celiac disease is a common, lifelong autoimmune disorder for which dietary control is the only accepted form of therapy. a strict gluten-free diet is burdensome to patients and can be limited in efficacy, indicating there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches to supplement or supplant dietary therapy. many molecular events required for disease pathogenesis have been recently characterized and inspire most current and emerging drug-discovery efforts. genome-wide association studies (g ...201526060114
identification of pseudolysin (lasb) as an aciduric gluten-degrading enzyme with high therapeutic potential for celiac disease.immunogenic gluten proteins implicated in celiac disease (cd) largely resist degradation by human digestive enzymes. here we pursued the isolation of gluten-degrading organisms from human feces, aiming at bacteria that would digest gluten under acidic conditions, as prevails in the stomach.201525895519
lack of a type-2 glycosyltransferase in the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum determines pleiotropic changes and loss of virulence.flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important fish pathogen, responsible for cold water disease, with a significant economic impact on salmonid farms worldwide. in spite of this, little is known about the bacterial physiology and pathogenesis mechanisms, maybe because it is difficult to manipulate, being considered a fastidious microorganism. mutants obtained using a tn4351 transposon were screened in order to identify those with alteration in colony morphology, colony spreading and extracellular ...201525582708
development of real-time pcr assays for the detection of moraxella macacae associated with bloody nose syndrome in rhesus (macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) macaques.moraxella macacae is a recently described bacterial pathogen that causes epistaxis or so-called bloody nose syndrome in captive macaques. the aim of this study was to develop specific molecular diagnostic assays for m. macacae and to determine their performance characteristics.201526365904
tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide.the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ...201527047089
single cells within the puerto rico trench suggest hadal adaptation of microbial lineages.hadal ecosystems are found at a depth of 6,000 m below sea level and below, occupying less than 1% of the total area of the ocean. the microbial communities and metabolic potential in these ecosystems are largely uncharacterized. here, we present four single amplified genomes (sags) obtained from 8,219 m below the sea surface within the hadal ecosystem of the puerto rico trench (prt). these sags are derived from members of deep-sea clades, including the thaumarchaeota and sar11 clade, and two ar ...201526386059
pseudomonas aeruginosa and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and lungs of cystic fibrosis patients: a case-control study.cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most frequent lethal genetic disease in the caucasian population. lung destruction is the principal cause of death by chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. there is a high prevalence of oropharyngeal anaerobic bacteria in sputum of cf patients. this study was carried out due to the lack of results comparing subgingival periodontal pathogenic bacteria between the oral cavity and lungs in patients with cf in relation with p. aeruginosa presence. our first goal wa ...201525854483
development of a new real-time pcr system for simultaneous detection of bacteria and fungi in pathological samples.a novel system for simultaneous detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in pathological samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system. this system, designated the "multi-microbial real-time pcr", has the potential to simultaneously detect 68 bacterial and 9 fungal species in a 96-well plate format. all probe-primer sets were designed to produce amplicons smaller than 210 bp using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples as input. the specificity and sensitivit ...201526823918
a nephrostomy-associated urinary tract infection caused by elizabethkingia meningoseptica.we report a case of nephrostomy-associated urinary tract infection caused by elizabethkingia meningoseptica that occurred in a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis. though conventional identification methods failed to detect the causative organism, it was identified on the basis of the complete sequencing of 16s rrna. four weeks of levofloxacin and minocycline administration successfully eradicated the infection. e. meningoseptica rarely causes urinary tract infections, and we believe that this ...201526666619
[tracheobronchitis by elizabethkingia meningoseptica in a patient with tracheostomy]. 201526200032
a preterm infant with intractable metabolic acidosis: a devastating presentation of chryseobacterium meningosepticum meningitis.sepsis-related mortality and morbidity are the leading issues that neonatal intensive care units struggle with worldwide. we report a preterm infant with septic shock and intractable metabolic acidosis whose postmortem microbiologic examination revealed chryseobacterium meningosepticum meningitis. we would like to alert clinicians about this uncommon sepsis agent, and to call into question the treatment modalities for metabolic acidosis.201526022592
elizabethkingia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from zea mays and emended description of elizabethkingia anopheliskämpfer et al. 2011.a slightly yellow bacterial strain (jm-87(t)), isolated from the stem of healthy 10 day-old sweet corn (zea mays), was studied for its taxonomic allocation. the isolate revealed gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped cells. a comparison of the 16s rrna gene sequence of the isolate showed 99.1, 97.8, and 97.4% similarity to the 16s rrna gene sequences of the type strains of elizabethkingia anophelis, elizabethkingia meningoseptica and elizabethkingia miricola, respectively. the fatty acid profile of str ...201525858248
biliary tract infection or colonization with elizabethkingia meningoseptica after endoscopic procedures involving the biliary tract.this study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of detecting elizabethkingia meningoseptica in the bile.201525742887
tubercular pleural effusion complicated with elizabethkingia meningoseptica infection in a diabetic male. 201525673621
[a case of community acquired elisabethkingia meningoseptica meningitis in an infant]. 201525547190
biofilm formation on the surface of polylactide during its biodegradation in different environments.the research was aimed at determining the abundance and viability of biofilm formed on the surface of polylactide (pla) during its biodegradation in different environments. it was also aimed at isolating biofilm forming bacteria, determining their hydrolytic activity and taxonomic status. the first step was to evaluate pla biodegradability in lake water, compost and soil, using oxitop control. the next step was to assess the ability of isolated bacteria to form biofilm in the investigated enviro ...201526433346
development of a single-replicon minibyv vector for co-expression of heterologous proteins.in planta production of recombinant proteins, including vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies, continues gaining acceptance. with the broadening range of target proteins, the need for vectors with higher performance is increasing. here, we have developed a single-replicon vector based on beet yellows virus (byv) that enables co-delivery of two target genes into the same host cell, resulting in transient expression of each target. this byv vector maintained genetic stability during systemic ...201525280556
structural basis of metallo-β-lactamase inhibition by captopril stereoisomers.β-lactams are the most successful antibacterials, but their effectiveness is threatened by resistance, most importantly by production of serine- and metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). mbls are of increasing concern because they catalyze the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including recent-generation carbapenems. clinically useful serine-β-lactamase inhibitors have been developed, but such inhibitors are not available for mbls. l-captopril, which is used to treat hypertension via angiote ...201526482303
structural basis of metallo-β-lactamase inhibition by captopril stereoisomers.β-lactams are the most successful antibacterials, but their effectiveness is threatened by resistance, most importantly by production of serine- and metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). mbls are of increasing concern because they catalyze the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including recent-generation carbapenems. clinically useful serine-β-lactamase inhibitors have been developed, but such inhibitors are not available for mbls. l-captopril, which is used to treat hypertension via angiote ...201526482303
the soil microbiota harbors a diversity of carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases of potential clinical relevance.the origin of carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) acquired by clinical bacteria is largely unknown. we investigated the frequency, host range, diversity, and functionality of mbls in the soil microbiota. twenty-five soil samples of different types and geographical origins were analyzed by antimicrobial selective culture, followed by phenotypic testing and expression of mbl-encoding genes in escherichia coli, and whole-genome sequencing of mbl-producing strains was performed. carba ...201526482314
the soil microbiota harbors a diversity of carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases of potential clinical relevance.the origin of carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) acquired by clinical bacteria is largely unknown. we investigated the frequency, host range, diversity, and functionality of mbls in the soil microbiota. twenty-five soil samples of different types and geographical origins were analyzed by antimicrobial selective culture, followed by phenotypic testing and expression of mbl-encoding genes in escherichia coli, and whole-genome sequencing of mbl-producing strains was performed. carba ...201526482314
structure-function characterization reveals new catalytic diversity in the galactose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase family.alcohol oxidases, including carbohydrate oxidases, have a long history of research that has generated fundamental biological understanding and biotechnological applications. despite a long history of study, the galactose 6-oxidase/glyoxal oxidase family of mononuclear copper-radical oxidases, auxiliary activity family 5 (aa5), is currently represented by only very few characterized members. here we report the recombinant production and detailed structure-function analyses of two homologues from ...201526680532
performances and reliability of bruker microflex lt and vitek ms maldi-tof mass spectrometry systems for the identification of clinical microorganisms.in clinical microbiology laboratories, routine microbial identification is mostly performed using culture based methodologies requiring 24 to 72 hours from culturing to identification. matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) technology has been established as a cost effective, reliable, and faster alternative identification platform. in this study, we evaluated the reliability of the two available maldi-tof ms systems for their routine clinical ...201526793718
lysosome associated membrane proteins maintain pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis: lamp-2 deficient mice develop pancreatitis.the pathogenic mechanism of pancreatitis is poorly understood. recent evidence implicates defective autophagy in pancreatitis responses; however, the pathways mediating impaired autophagy in pancreas remain largely unknown. here, we investigate the role of lysosome associated membrane proteins (lamps) in pancreatitis.201526693174
noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of weeksella massiliensis sp. nov.strain ff8(t) (= csur p860 = dsm 28259) was isolated in dakar, senegal, from the urine of a 65-year-old man with acute cystitis. this strain shows a similarity of sequence of 16s rrna of 98.38% with weeksella virosa, and its genbank accession numbers are hg931340 and ccmh00000000. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis had a poor score, ranging from 1.32 to 1.56, that did not allow identification of the bacterium. using a polyphasic study made of ph ...201526649182
empirical antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in intensive care units: a multicentre, retrospective analysis of potentially pathogenic microorganisms identified by endotracheal aspirates cultures.the purpose of this investigation was to explore the presumed relationship between the days of hospitalisation and microorganisms identified by endotracheal aspirate cultures in relation to adequate empirical treatment strategies of pneumonia in the intensive care unit (icu). all potentially pathogenic microorganisms identified by (surveillance) cultures of endotracheal aspirates obtained in the icus of two dutch teaching hospitals in 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively collected and analysed. an ...201526385348
overcoming differences: the catalytic mechanism of metallo-β-lactamases.metallo-β-lactamases are the latest resistance mechanism of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria against carbapenems, considered as last resort drugs. the worldwide spread of genes coding for these enzymes, together with the lack of a clinically useful inhibitor, have raised a sign of alarm. inhibitor design has been mostly impeded by the structural diversity of these enzymes. here we provide a critical review of mechanistic studies of the three known subclasses of metallo-β-lactamases, analyze ...201526297824
host response to the lung microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.the relatively sparse but diverse microbiome in human lungs may become less diverse in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). this article examines the relationship of this microbiome to emphysematous tissue destruction, number of terminal bronchioles, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and host gene expression.201525945594
complementary lc-ms/ms-based n-glycan, n-glycopeptide, and intact n-glycoprotein profiling reveals unconventional asn71-glycosylation of human neutrophil cathepsin g.neutrophil cathepsin g (ncg) is a central serine protease in the human innate immune system, but the importance of its n-glycosylation remains largely undescribed. to facilitate such investigations, we here use complementary lc-ms/ms-based n-glycan, n-glycopeptide, and intact glycoprotein profiling to accurately establish the micro- and macro-heterogeneity of ncg from healthy individuals. the fully occupied asn71 carried unconventional n-glycosylation consisting of truncated chitobiose core (glc ...201526274980
draft genome sequence of strain atcc 33958, reported to be elizabethkingia miricola.we report the draft genome of elizabethkingia strain atcc 33958, which has been classified as elizabethkingia miricola. similar to other elizabethkingia species, the atcc 33958 draft genome contains numerous β-lactamase genes. atcc 33958 also harbors a urease gene cluster which supports classification as e. miricola.201526205869
structure-based mechanism of oleate hydratase from elizabethkingia meningoseptica.hydratases provide access to secondary and tertiary alcohols by regio- and/or stereospecifically adding water to carbon-carbon double bonds. thereby, hydroxy groups are introduced without the need for costly cofactor recycling, and that makes this approach highly interesting on an industrial scale. here we present the first crystal structure of a recombinant oleate hydratase originating from elizabethkingia meningoseptica in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad). a structure-based mu ...201526077980
structure and functional properties of norrin mimic wnt for signalling with frizzled4, lrp5/6, and proteoglycan.wnt signalling regulates multiple processes including angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. norrin (norrie disease protein) is a cystine-knot like growth factor. although unrelated to wnt, norrin activates the wnt/β-catenin pathway. signal complex formation involves frizzled4 (fz4), low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6), tetraspanin-12 and glycosaminoglycans (gags). here, we report crystallographic and small-angle x-ray scattering analyses of norrin in complex wi ...201526158506
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