Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| is exposure to poultry harmful to child nutrition? an observational analysis for rural ethiopia. | although strategic thinking on water, sanitation and hygiene (wash) has prioritized reducing exposure to human feces in order to limit diarrheal infections, recent research suggests that elevated exposure to livestock-particularly poultry and poultry feces-may be an important risk factor for diarrhea, environmental enteric disorder (eed) and respiratory infections, all of which may seriously retard linear growth in young children. yet a very different literature on nutrition-sensitive agricultur ... | 2016 | 27529178 |
| the impact of the luxs mutation on phenotypic expression of factors critical for campylobacter jejuni colonization. | studies have collectively shown the wide impact that luxs mutation has on the expression and function of various aspects of campylobacter jejuni virulence. previous work from our group demonstrated that luxs mutagenesis negatively impacts colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of several host species. to determine what is responsible for the colonization defect, we used a mechanistic approach to understand how the luxs mutation affects the expression of key physiologic factors important to t ... | 2016 | 27527763 |
| proteomic and genomic analysis reveals novel campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins and potential heterogeneity. | gram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins play important roles in the interaction of bacteria with their environment including nutrient acquisition, adhesion and invasion, and antibiotic resistance. in this study we identified 47 proteins within the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of campylobacter jejuni 81-176, using lc-esi-ms/ms. comparative analysis of outer membrane protein sequences was visualised to reveal protein distribution within a panel of campylobacter spp., identifying several c. ... | 2014 | 27525220 |
| epidermal growth factor and intestinal barrier function. | epidermal growth factor (egf) is a 53-amino acid peptide that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, survival, migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. in addition, egf has been established to be an effective intestinal regulator helping to protect intestinal barrier integrity, which was essential for the absorption of nutrients and health in humans and animals. several researches have demonstrated that egf via binding to the egf receptor and subsequent activation of ... | 2016 | 27524860 |
| a link between integral membrane protein expression and simulated integration efficiency. | integral membrane proteins (imps) control the flow of information and nutrients across cell membranes, yet imp mechanistic studies are hindered by difficulties in expression. we investigate this issue by addressing the connection between imp sequence and observed expression levels. for homologs of the imp tatc, observed expression levels vary widely and are affected by small changes in protein sequence. the effect of sequence changes on experimentally observed expression levels strongly correlat ... | 2016 | 27524616 |
| comparative metagenome of a stream impacted by the urbanization phenomenon. | rivers and streams are important reservoirs of freshwater for human consumption. these ecosystems are threatened by increasing urbanization, because raw sewage discharged into them alters their nutrient content and may affect the composition of their microbial community. in the present study, we investigate the taxonomic and functional profile of the microbial community in an urban lotic environment. samples of running water were collected at two points in the são pedro stream: an upstream prese ... | 2016 | 27522532 |
| peptidoglycan acetylation of campylobacter jejuni is essential for maintaining cell wall integrity and colonization in chicken intestines. | peptidoglycan (pg) acetylation of gram-positive bacteria confers lysozyme resistance and contributes to survival in the host. however, the importance of pg acetylation in gram-negative bacteria has not been fully elucidated. the genes encoding putative pg acetyltransferase a (pata) and b (patb) are highly conserved in campylobacter jejuni, the predominant cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. to evaluate the importance of pata and patb of c. jejuni, we constructed pata and patb isogenic mutants ... | 2016 | 27520822 |
| antimicrobial and virulence-modulating effects of clove essential oil on the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | our study investigated the antimicrobial action of clove (syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (eo) on the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter jejuni after confirming the clove essential oil's general antibacterial effect, we analyzed the reference strain campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. phenotypic, proteomic, and transcriptomic methods were used to reveal changes in cell morphology and functions when exposed to sublethal concentrations of clove eo. the normally curved cells showed markedly straighten ... | 2016 | 27520816 |
| evaluation of a microfluidic chip system for preparation of bacterial dna from swabs, air, and surface water samples. | the detection of bacterial pathogens from complex sample matrices by pcr requires efficient dna extraction. in this study, a protocol for extraction and purification of dna from swabs, air, and water samples using a microfluidic chip system was established. the optimized protocol includes a combination of thermal, chemical and enzymatic lysis followed by chip-based dna purification using magnetic particles. the procedure was tested using gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. kurstak ... | 2016 | 27520284 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis by rnaseq of necrotic enteritis clostridium perfringens during in vivo colonization and in vitro conditions. | necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by netb-positive type a clostridium perfringens is an important bacterial disease of poultry. through its complex regulatory system, c. perfringens orchestrates the expression of a collection of toxins and extracellular enzymes that are crucial for the development of the disease; environmental conditions play an important role in their regulation. in this study, and for the first time, global transcriptomic analysis was performed on ligated intestinal loops in chic ... | 2016 | 27520106 |
| production of human blood group b antigen epitope conjugated protein in escherichia coli and utilization of the adsorption blood group b antibody. | in the process of abo-incompatible (aboi) organ transplantation, removal of anti-a and/or b antibodies from blood plasma is a promising method to overcome hyperacute rejection and allograft loss caused by the immune response between anti-a and/or b antibodies and the a and/or b antigens in the recipient. although there are commercial columns to do this work, the application is still limited because of the high production cost. | 2016 | 27514820 |
| clearance of streptococcus suis in stomach contents of differently fed growing pigs. | streptococcus (s.) suis translocates across the intestinal barrier of piglets after intraintestinal application. based on these findings, an oro-gastrointestinal infection route has been proposed. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of s. suis in the porcine stomach. whereas surviving bacteria of s. suis serotypes 2 and 9 were not detectable after 60 min of incubation in stomach contents with a comparatively high gastric ph of 5 due to feeding of fine pellets, the n ... | 2016 | 27509526 |
| differential analysis of the nasal microbiome of pig carriers or non-carriers of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is presently regarded as an emerging zoonotic agent due to the spread of specific methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) clones in pig farms. studying the microbiota can be useful for the identification of bacteria that antagonize such opportunistic veterinary and zoonotic pathogen in animal carriers. the aim of this study was to determine whether the nasal microbiome of pig s. aureus carriers differs from that of non-carriers. the v3-v5 region of the 16s rrna gene was sequ ... | 2016 | 27509169 |
| vaccine potential and diversity of the putative cell binding factor (cbf, nmb0345/neis1825) protein of neisseria meningitidis. | the cbf gene from neisseria meningitidis strain mc58 encoding the putative cell binding factor (cbf, nmb0345/neis1825) protein was cloned into the prseta system and a ~36-kda recombinant (r)cbf protein expressed in escherichia coli and purified by metal affinity chromatography. high titres of rcbf antibodies were induced in mice following immunization with rcbf-saline, rcbf-al(oh)3, rcbf-liposomes or rcbf-zwittergent (zw) 3-14 micelles, both with and without incorporated monophosphoryl lipid a ( ... | 2016 | 27505005 |
| salmonella typhimurium utilizes a t6ss-mediated antibacterial weapon to establish in the host gut. | the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a high-density polymicrobial community where bacteria compete for niches and resources. one key competition strategy includes cell contact-dependent mechanisms of interbacterial antagonism, such as the type vi secretion system (t6ss), a multiprotein needle-like apparatus that injects effector proteins into prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic target cells. however, the contribution of t6ss antibacterial activity during pathogen invasion of the gut ha ... | 2016 | 27503894 |
| viral and bacterial etiology of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in wuhan, china. | acute diarrhea remains the serious problem in developing countries, especially among children under 5 years of age. currently, only two or three common diarrhea pathogens were screened at most hospitals in china. the aim of this study was to provide a wide variety of diarrhea pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in children under 5 years of age. | 2016 | 27503019 |
| baicalin suppresses nlrp3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) signaling during haemophilus parasuis infection. | haemophilus parasuis (h. parasuis) is the causative agent of glässer's disease, a severe membrane inflammation disorder. previously we showed that baicalin (ba) possesses anti-inflammatory effects via the nlrp3 inflammatory pathway in an lps-challenged piglet model. however, whether ba has anti-inflammatory effects upon h. parasuis infection is still unclear. this study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of ba on h. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses via the nf-κb and ... | 2016 | 27502767 |
| development of a fast and low-cost qpcr assay for diagnosis of acute gas pharyngitis. | group a streptococci (gas) are the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and account for 15-30 % of cases of acute pharyngitis in children and 5-10 % of cases in adults. in this study, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) based gas detection assay in pharyngeal swab specimens was developed. | 2016 | 27501688 |
| effect of feed form and whole grain feeding on gastrointestinal weight and the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in broilers orally infected. | two independent trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of feed form, whole wheat (ww) and oat hulls (oh) addition on gastrointestinal (git) weight and campylobacter jejuni colonization in orally infected birds. in trial 1, there were six treatments factorially arranged with two feed forms (mash vs pellets), and three levels of ww from 1-21/22-42d: 0/0, 7.5/15%, 15/30%. broilers were allocated in cages (3 birds/cage, 12 cages/treatment). in trial 2, there were three treatments: a mash die ... | 2016 | 27500730 |
| mosaic tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins. | first reported in 2003, mosaic tetracycline resistance genes are a subgroup of the genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (rpps). they are formed when two or more rpp-encoding genes recombine resulting in a functional chimera. to date, the majority of mosaic genes are derived from sections of three rpp genes, tet(o), tet(w) and tet(32), with others comprising tet(m) and tet(s). in this first review of mosaic genes, we report on their structure, diversity and prevalence, and suggest that th ... | 2016 | 27494928 |
| simultaneous identification of 13 foodborne pathogens by using capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and its application in foods. | capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with stuffer-free multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) was developed to identify 13 species of foodborne pathogens simultaneously. species-specific mlpa probes were designed for nine of these species. these probes were targeted to the groel, glya, mms, tuf, inv, ipah, nuc, vvh, and 16s rrna genes, which corresponded to bacillus cereus, campylobacter coli, cronobacter sakazakii, enterococcus spp ... | 2016 | 27494415 |
| leishmania donovani utilize sialic acids for binding and phagocytosis in the macrophages through selective utilization of siglecs and impair the innate immune arm. | leishmania donovani, belonging to a unicellular protozoan parasite, display the differential level of linkage-specific sialic acids on their surface. sialic acids binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) are a class of membrane-bound receptors present in the haematopoetic cell lineages interact with the linkage-specific sialic acids. here we aimed to explore the utilization of sialic acids by leishmania donovani for siglec-mediated binding, phagocytosis, modulation of innate immune response ... | 2016 | 27494323 |
| cluster analysis of campylobacter jejuni genotypes isolated from small and medium-sized mammalian wildlife and bovine livestock from ontario farms. | using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms (eight beef, eight swine and nine dairy) in 2010, we assessed clustering of molecular subtypes of c. jejuni based on a campylobacter-specific 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting assay (cgf40) subtypes, using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. exact logistic regression was used to determine which genes differentiate wildlife and livestock subtypes in our stud ... | 2017 | 27492809 |
| multiplex 16s rrna-derived geno-biochip for detection of 16 bacterial pathogens from contaminated foods. | foodborne diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria occur worldwide. to prevent foodborne diseases and minimize their impacts, it is important to inspect contaminated foods and specifically detect many types of pathogenic bacteria. several dna oligonucleotide biochips based on 16s rrna have been investigated to detect bacteria; however, a mode of detection that can be used to detect diverse pathogenic strains and to examine the safety of food matrixes is still needed. in the present work, a ... | 2016 | 27492058 |
| update on irritable bowel syndrome diagnostics and therapeutics. | 2016 | 27489527 | |
| oxidative and nitrosative stress defences of helicobacter and campylobacter species that counteract mammalian immunity. | helicobacter and campylobacter species are gram-negative microaerophilic host-associated heterotrophic bacteria that invade the digestive tract of humans and animals. campylobacter jejuni is the major worldwide cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans, while helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous in over half of the world's population causing gastric and duodenal ulcers. the colonisation of the gastrointestinal system by helicobacter and campylobacter relies on numerous cellular defences to sense ... | 2016 | 27486030 |
| pipeline for amplifying and analyzing amplicons of the v1-v3 region of the 16s rrna gene. | profiling of 16s rrna gene sequences is an important tool for testing hypotheses in complex microbial communities, and analysis methods must be updated and validated as sequencing technologies advance. in host-associated bacterial communities, the v1-v3 region of the 16s rrna gene is a valuable region to profile because it provides a useful level of taxonomic resolution; however, use of illumina miseq data for experiments targeting this region needs validation. | 2016 | 27485508 |
| higher frequencies of hla dqb1*05:01 and anti-glycosphingolipid antibodies in a cluster of severe guillain-barré syndrome. | few regional and seasonal guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) clusters have been reported so far. it is unknown whether patients suffering from sporadic gbs differ from gbs clusters with respect to clinical and paraclinical parameters, hla association and antibody response to glycosphingolipids and campylobacter jejuni (cj). we examined 40 consecutive patients with gbs from the greater munich area in germany with 14 of those admitted within a period of 3 months in fall 2010 defining a cluster of gbs. ... | 2016 | 27485170 |
| the source of infection and the most frequent causes of reactive arthritis in kosovo. | reactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition which emerges as a counteraction towards an infection which has a focus elsewhere in the body. the purpose of this study is isolation of causative agents of reactive arthritis and ascertains the source of infection. the study has been carried out in the rheumatology clinic in prishtina and specialized ambulance o.s. "vendenisi-al" in besiana, whereas isolation of causative agents has been carried out in the national institute for public health (niph) ... | 2016 | 27482162 |
| large sequence diversity within the biosynthesis locus and common biochemical features of campylobacter coli lipooligosaccharides. | despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (loss) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of los in campylobacter coli in this study, we investigated the distribution of los locus classes among a large collection of unrelated c. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. furthermore, we paired c. coli genomic information and los chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between l ... | 2016 | 27481928 |
| intestinal microbiota and chronic constipation. | chronic constipation is a prevalent, burdensome gastrointestinal disorder whose aetiology and pathophysiology remains poorly understood and is most likely multifactorial. differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been demonstrated when constipated patients and healthy controls have been compared. growing evidence indicates that alterations of intestinal microbiota may contribute to constipation and constipation-related symptoms. the intestinal microbiota is a collection of ... | 2016 | 27478747 |
| drinking water quality in indigenous communities in canada and health outcomes: a scoping review. | many indigenous communities in canada live with high-risk drinking water systems and drinking water advisories and experience health status and water quality below that of the general population. a scoping review of research examining drinking water quality and its relationship to indigenous health was conducted. | 2016 | 27478143 |
| accumulation of peptidoglycan o-acetylation leads to altered cell wall biochemistry and negatively impacts pathogenesis factors of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. despite its prevalence, its mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. peptidoglycan (pg) is important for helical shape, colonization, and host-pathogen interactions in c. jejuni therefore, changes in pg greatly impact the physiology of this organism. o-acetylation of peptidoglycan (oap) is a bacterial phenomenon proposed to be important for proper cell growth, characterized by acetylation of the ... | 2016 | 27474744 |
| cj0371: a novel virulence-associated gene of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of human bacterial diarrhea worldwide. its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. cj0371 is a novel gene that was uncovered using immunoscreening. there have been no previous reports regarding its function. in this study, we constructed an insertion mutant and complement of this gene in c. jejuni and examined changes in virulence. we observed that the cj0371 mutant showed significantly increased invasion and colonization ability. we also investiga ... | 2016 | 27471500 |
| endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction: a novel technique for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of nucleic-acid sequence. | the article reported a novel methodology for real-time pcr analysis of nucleic acids, termed endonuclease restriction-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction (et-pcr). just like pcr, et-pcr only required one pair of primers. a short sequence, which was recognized by restriction enzyme bstui, was attached to the 5' end of the forward (f) or reverse (r) pcr primer, and the new f or r primer was named ef or er. ef/er was labeled at the 5' end with a reporter dye and in the middle with a quench ... | 2016 | 27468284 |
| dual repression of the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc by cosr and cmer in campylobacter jejuni. | during transmission and intestinal colonization, campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne human pathogen, experiences oxidative stress. cosr, a response regulator in c. jejuni, modulates the oxidative stress response and represses expression of the cmeabc multidrug efflux pump. cmeabc, a key component in resistance to toxic compounds including antimicrobials and bile salts, is also under negative regulation by cmer, a tetr family transcriptional regulator. how cosr and cmer interact in binding to t ... | 2016 | 27468281 |
| high throughput method for analysis of repeat number for 28 phase variable loci of campylobacter jejuni strain nctc11168. | mutations in simple sequence repeat tracts are a major mechanism of phase variation in several bacterial species including campylobacter jejuni. changes in repeat number of tracts located within the reading frame can produce a high frequency of reversible switches in gene expression between on and off states. the genome of c. jejuni strain nctc11168 contains 29 loci with polyg/polyc tracts of seven or more repeats. this protocol outlines a method-the 28-locus-cj11168 pv-analysis assay-for rapidl ... | 2016 | 27466808 |
| genetic characterization of commensal escherichia coli isolated from laboratory rodents. | escherichia coli, a commensal in the intestines of vertebrates, is capable of colonizing many different hosts and the environment. commensal e. coli strains are believed to be the precursor of pathogenic strains by means of acquisition of antimicrobial resistant and virulence genes. laboratory rodents are inherently susceptible to numerous known infectious agents, which could transfer virulence determinants to commensal e. coli. hence, in this study, the genetic structure of commensal e. coli fo ... | 2016 | 27462483 |
| clinical importance of f-waves as a prognostic factor in guillain-barré syndrome in children. | a limited number of studies have examined the link between f-wave abnormalities and clinical presentation in pediatric guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). therefore, this study examined the importance of f-wave abnormalities as a prognostic factor in pediatric gbs patients. | 2016 | 27462356 |
| pediatric miller fisher syndrome complicating an epstein-barr virus infection. | miller fisher syndrome, a variant of guillain-barré syndrome, is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that may occur weeks after a bacterial or viral infection. campylobacter jejuni and haemophilus influenzae are frequently reported etiological agents. | 2016 | 27460528 |
| molecular and statistical analysis of campylobacter spp. and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage in wildlife and livestock from ontario farms. | the objectives of this study were to (i) compare the carriage of campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter among livestock and mammalian wildlife on ontario farms, and (ii) investigate the potential sharing of campylobacter subtypes between livestock and wildlife. using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms in 2010, we assessed associations, using mixed logistic regression models, between campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage and the fol ... | 2017 | 27460061 |
| mycobacterium leprae activates toll-like receptor-4 signaling and expression on macrophages depending on previous bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination. | toll-like receptor (tlr)-1 and tlr2 have been shown to be receptors for mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae), yet it is unclear whether m. leprae can signal through alternative tlrs. other mycobacterial species possess ligands for tlr4 and genetic association studies in human populations suggest that people with tlr4 polymorphisms may be protected against leprosy. using human embryonic kidney (hek)-293 cells co-transfected with tlr4, we demonstrate that m. leprae activates tlr4. we used human macrop ... | 2016 | 27458573 |
| dissimilar fitness associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones influences clonal dynamics of various multiresistant bacteria. | fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was recently shown to vary across clones of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. the resulting dissimilar fitness should have influenced the clonal dynamics and thereby the rates of resistance for these pathogens. moreover, a similar mechanism was recently proposed for the emergence of the h30 and h30r lineages of esbl-producing e. coli and the major international ... | 2016 | 27458434 |
| molecular and epidemiological analysis of a campylobacter jejuni outbreak in northern italy in november 2013. | campylobacter spp. is the most common gastrointestinal pathogen worldwide with a very low reported incidence in italy. in november of 2013, local and national public health authorities investigated an outbreak caused by campylobacter jejuni among children in a kindergarten in northern italy. a case was defined as a child who had diarrhea with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of c. jejuni between 11 and 30 november. stool samples from the kindergarten kitchen staff and environmental samples from ... | 2016 | 27455195 |
| evaluation of the nanochip® gastrointestinal panel (gip) test for simultaneous detection of parasitic and bacterial enteric pathogens in fecal specimens. | infectious gastroenteritis is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to allow appropriate and timely treatment. current laboratory stool testing has a long turnaround time (tat) and demands highly qualified personnel and multiple techniques. the need for high throughput and the number of possible enteric pathogens compels the implementation of a molecular approach which uses multiplex technology, without compromising pe ... | 2016 | 27447173 |
| flagellin induces β-defensin 2 in human colonic ex vivo infection with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. | enterohemorrhagic e.coli (ehec) is an important foodborne pathogen in the developed world and can cause life-threatening disease particularly in children. ehec persists in the human gut by adhering intimately to colonic epithelium and forming characteristic attaching/effacing lesions. in this study, we investigated the innate immune response to ehec infection with particular focus on antimicrobial peptide and protein expression by colonic epithelium. using a novel human colonic biopsy model and ... | 2016 | 27446815 |
| prediction of functional outcome in axonal guillain-barre syndrome. | to identify the factors that could predict the functional outcome in patients with the axonal type of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs). | 2016 | 27446785 |
| adhesion, biofilm formation, and genomic features of campylobacter jejuni bf, an atypical strain able to grow under aerobic conditions. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in europe. human campylobacteriosis cases are frequently associated to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. to survive under environmental conditions encountered along the food chain, i.e., from poultry digestive tract its natural reservoir to the consumer's plate, this pathogen has developed adaptation mechanisms. among those, biofilm lifestyle has been suggested as a strategy to survive in the food environment and under ... | 2016 | 27446042 |
| the immunopathogenic potential of arcobacter butzleri - lessons from a meta-analysis of murine infection studies. | only limited information is available about the immunopathogenic properties of arcobacter infection in vivo. therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of published data in murine infection models to compare the pathogenic potential of arcobacter butzleri with campylobacter jejuni and commensal escherichia coli as pathogenic and harmless reference bacteria, respectively. | 2016 | 27438014 |
| miller fisher syndrome: a case report highlighting heterogeneity of clinical features and focused differential diagnosis. | miller fisher syndrome (mfs) is a rare variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) that has a geographically variable incidence. it is largely a clinical diagnosis based on the cardinal clinical features of ataxia, areflexia, and opthalmoplegia, however, other neurological signs and symptoms may also be present. serological confirmation with the anti-gq1b antibody is available and allows for greater diagnostic certainty in the face of confounding symptoms. a self-limiting course is typical of mfs. ... | 2016 | 27437164 |
| the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response. | production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ... | 2016 | 27435260 |
| conformational dynamics of peb4 exhibit "mother's arms" chain model: a molecular dynamics study. | peb4 from campylobacter jejuni is an intertwined dimeric, periplasmic holdase, which also exhibits peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (ppiase) activity. peb4 gene deletion alters the outer membrane protein profile and impairs cellular adhesion and biofilm formation for c. jejuni. earlier crystallographic study has proposed that the ppiase domains are flexible and might form a cradle for holding the substrate and these aspects of peb4 were explored using sub-microsecond molecular dynamics simula ... | 2016 | 27434141 |
| use of the potential probiotic strain lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers. | campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the eu since 2005. as chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. the aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved. thirty broilers artificially contaminated with c. jejuni were treated ... | 2017 | 27432696 |
| food additive p-80 impacts mouse gut microbiota promoting intestinal inflammation, obesity and liver dysfunction. | the increasing prevalence of obesity has emerged as one of the most important global public health issue. the change to the human microbiome as a result of changes in the quality and quantity of food intake over the past several decades has been implicated in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. we administered polysorbate-80 to mice via gavage. the researchers monitor liver noninvasively using a bioluminescence imaging. for the liver dysfunction we measure the liver enzymes and pa ... | 2016 | 27430014 |
| colonic expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and gelatinases during campylobacter jejuni infection of conventional infant mice. | within 1 week following peroral campylobacter jejuni infection, infant mice develop acute enteritis resolving thereafter. we here assessed colonic expression profiles of mediators belonging to the il-23/il-22/il-18 axis and of matrix-degrading gelatinases mmp-2 and mmp-9 at day 6 post c. jejuni strain 81-176 infection. whereas the pathogen readily colonized the intestines of infant il-18(-/-) mice only, colonic mucin-2 mrna, a pivotal mucus constituent, was downregulated in il-22(-/-) mice and a ... | 2016 | 27429796 |
| the role of il-23, il-22, and il-18 in campylobacter jejuni infection of conventional infant mice. | we have recently shown that, within 1 week following peroral campylobacter jejuni infection, conventional infant mice develop self-limiting enteritis. we here investigated the role of il-23, il-22, and il-18 during c. jejuni strain 81-176 infection of infant mice. the pathogen efficiently colonized the intestines of il-18(-/-) mice only, but did not translocate to extra-intestinal compartments. at day 13 postinfection (p.i.), il-22(-/-) mice displayed lower colonic epithelial apoptotic cell numb ... | 2016 | 27429795 |
| seroprevalence of campylobacter-specific antibodies in two german duck farms - a prospective follow-up study. | several studies have shown that about 60-100% of farmed ducks are colonized by campylobacter species. because of this, a higher risk of campylobacteriosis among duck farm workers can be assumed. to estimate the risk of campylobacter infections in duck farm workers, we investigated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in ducks of two duck farms and the seroprevalence of anti-campylobacter antibodies (iga and igg) in two cohorts of workers. the first cohort consisted of high-exposed stable workers ... | 2016 | 27429794 |
| impact of cdt toxin on human diseases. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is found in gram-negative bacteria, especially in certain proteobacteria such as the pasteurellaceae family, including haemophilus ducreyi and aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, in the enterobacteriaceae family and the campylobacterales order, including the campylobacter and helicobacter species. in vitro and in vivo studies have clearly shown that this toxin has a strong effect on cellular physiology (inflammation, immune response modulatio ... | 2016 | 27429000 |
| articles of significant interest selected from this issue by the editors. | 2016 | 27422975 | |
| may the force be with you: the light and dark sides of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatry. | the role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is becoming increasingly recognized. the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bi-directional pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal system. the bacterial commensals in our gut can signal to the brain through a variety of mechanisms, which are slowly being resolved. these include the vagus nerve, immune mediators and microbial metabolites, which influence central processes such as neurotransmission and behaviour. dysregulation in the comp ... | 2016 | 27417321 |
| identification of novel vaccine candidates against campylobacter through reverse vaccinology. | campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the european union. human cases are mainly due to campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. in fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. a promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. poultry vaccination is of potential for this p ... | 2016 | 27413761 |
| post-marketing surveillance of human rabies diploid cell vaccine (imovax) in the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers) in the united states, 1990‒2015. | in 1980, human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv, imovax rabies, sanofi pasteur), was licensed for use in the united states. | 2016 | 27410239 |
| an outbreak of food poisoning in a military establishment. | an outbreak of food poisoning in a military establishment mess was investigated and remedial measures suggested. | 2007 | 27407967 |
| recent developments in detection and enumeration of waterborne bacteria: a retrospective minireview. | waterborne diseases have emerged as global health problems and their rapid and sensitive detection in environmental water samples is of great importance. bacterial identification and enumeration in water samples is significant as it helps to maintain safe drinking water for public consumption. culture-based methods are laborious, time-consuming, and yield false-positive results, whereas viable but nonculturable (vbncs) microorganisms cannot be recovered. hence, numerous methods have been develop ... | 2016 | 27397728 |
| distinctive recognition of flagellin by human and mouse toll-like receptor 5. | toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is a receptor of the innate immune system that recognizes flagellin from certain bacterial species and triggers an inflammatory response. the salmonella dublin flagellin in complex with zebrafish tlr5 has been crystallized previously. in the present study, we extrapolate the structure of this complex using structure-guided mutagenesis to determine the recognition modes of human and mouse tlr5 receptors and demonstrate species-specific differences in flagellin recognit ... | 2016 | 27391968 |
| evaluation of an automated system for reading and interpreting disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fastidious bacteria. | results of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing depend on individual visual reading of inhibition zone diameters. therefore, automated reading using camera systems might represent a useful tool for standardization. in this study, the adagio automated system (bio-rad) was evaluated for reading disk diffusion tests of fastidious bacteria. 144 clinical isolates (68 β-haemolytic streptococci, 28 streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 viridans group streptococci, 13 haemophilus influenzae, 7 mor ... | 2016 | 27391898 |
| transgenic eimeria tenella as a vaccine vehicle: expressing tgsag1 elicits protective immunity against toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens and mice. | the surface antigen 1 of toxoplasma gondii (tgsag1) is a major immunodominant antigen and is widely considered an ideal candidate for the development of an effective recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis. eimeria tenella, an affinis apicomplexan parasite with t. gondii, is a potential vaccine vector carrying exogenous antigens that stimulates specific immune responses. here, we engineered tgsag1 into e. tenella and obtained a stably transfected e. tenella line (et-tgsag1). we found tgsag1 lo ... | 2016 | 27387302 |
| the il-23/il-22/il-18 axis in murine campylobacter jejuni infection. | human campylobacter jejuni infections are worldwide on the rise. information about the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying campylobacteriosis, however, are scarce. in the present study we investigated whether cytokines including il-23, il-22 and il-18 sharing pivotal functions in host immunity were involved in mediating immunopathological responses upon c. jejuni infection. | 2016 | 27385977 |
| the fecal microbial communities of dairy cattle shedding shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli or campylobacter jejuni. | cattle are a natural reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and have recently been recognized as a major source of campylobacter jejuni contamination. while several factors are known to be associated with bacterial colonization, the underlying microbial factors have not been clarified. in this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota of dairy cattle (n = 24) using next-generation sequencing to elucidate the intestinal bacterial communities and the microbial diversity in r ... | 2016 | 27385033 |
| interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. | the microbiome has an important role in human health. changes in the microbiota can confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogenic bacteria. antibiotics have a profound impact on the microbiota that alters the nutritional landscape of the gut and can lead to the expansion of pathogenic populations. pathogenic bacteria exploit microbiota-derived sources of carbon and nitrogen as nutrients and regulatory signals to promote their own growth and virulence. by eliciting inflammation, these b ... | 2016 | 27383983 |
| evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered campylobacter jejuni omvs. | campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. campylobacter jejuni, like other gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. we have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. four groups of 18-day-old chicken em ... | 2016 | 27383607 |
| drug target identification and prioritization for treatment of ovine foot rot: an in silico approach. | ovine foot rot is an infection of the feet of sheep, mainly caused by dichelobacter nodosus. in its virulent form, it is highly contagious and debilitating, causing significant losses in the form of decline in wool growth and quality and poor fertility. current methods of treatment are ineffective in complete eradication. effective antibiotic treatment of foot rot is hence necessary to ensure better outcomes during control phases by reduction in culling count and the possibility of carriers of t ... | 2016 | 27379247 |
| rapid detection and isolation of escherichia coli o104:h4 from milk using monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic beads. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli o104:h4 were produced by fusion of sp2/o-ag-14 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice, immunized with heat-inactivated and sonicated e. coli o104:h4 bacterial cells. four mabs specific for the e. coli o104:h4 lps (1e6g6, 1f4c9, 3g6g7, and 4g10d2) were characterized and evaluated for the use in a method for the detection of e. coli o104:h4 in milk samples that involves antibody conjugation to ... | 2016 | 27379071 |
| tracing back clinical campylobacter jejuni in the northwest of italy and assessing their potential source. | food-borne campylobacteriosis is caused mainly by the handling or consumption of undercooked chicken meat or by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk. knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritize food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. assessing the genetic diversity among campylobacter species is essential to our understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. we molecularly char ... | 2016 | 27379033 |
| travelers lowering their guard: a bacterial, viral and protozoan co-infection after a five-day journey in india. | we present a case of concurrent infections by campylobacter jejuni, giardia intestinalis and hepatitis e virus acquired during a 5-days travel to india by an italian traveller : professionals responsible for pre- and post-travel care should underline food and water precautions and prescribe an adequate diagnostic work-up in symptomatic patients. | 2016 | 27378368 |
| heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade, and poses a unique threat to human health. however, genetic manipulation of c. difficile remains in its infancy and the bacterium remains relatively poorly characterised. low-efficiency conjugation is currently the only available method for transfer of plasmid dna into c. difficile. this is practically limiting and has slowed progress in understanding this important pathogen. conjugation efficiency vari ... | 2016 | 27377776 |
| in silico proposition to predict cluster of b- and t-cell epitopes for the usefulness of vaccine design from invasive, virulent and membrane associated proteins of c. jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is the one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. this study aims to design specific epitopes for the utility of designing peptide vaccine(s) against c. jejuni by targeting invasive, virulent and membrane associated proteins like flaa, cia, cadf, peb1, peb3 and momp. | 2016 | 27376537 |
| the t6sss of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1 and their effectors: beyond bacterial-cell targeting. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many diseases such as chronic lung colonization in cystic fibrosis patients and acute infections in hospitals. the capacity of p. aeruginosa to be pathogenic toward several hosts is notably due to different secretion systems. amongst them, p. aeruginosa encodes three type six secretion systems (t6ss), named h1- to h3-t6ss, that act against either prokaryotes and/or eukaryotic cells. they are independent from each other and injec ... | 2016 | 27376031 |
| bacteriophages as weapons against bacterial biofilms in the food industry. | microbiological contamination in the food industry is often attributed to the presence of biofilms in processing plants. bacterial biofilms are complex communities of bacteria attached to a surface and surrounded by an extracellular polymeric material. their extreme resistance to cleaning and disinfecting processes is related to a unique organization, which implies a differential bacterial growth and gene expression inside the biofilm. the impact of biofilms on health, and the economic consequen ... | 2016 | 27375566 |
| the role of gut microflora and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory neuroendocrine system in diabetes mellitus. | the obesity epidemic has drastically impacted the state of health care in the united states. paralleling this epidemic is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with a notable shift toward a much younger age of onset. while central to the pathogenesis of diabetes associated with obesity is the role of inflammation attributed to "adiposopathy." emerging data suggest that changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic balance regulated by the brain precede changes in the inflammatory cascade. it has now been ... | 2016 | 27375553 |
| [research progress in biofilm formation and regulatory mechanism of campylobacter jejuni]. | biofilm of campylobacter jejuni was formed by cross-linking its extracellular secretion, polysaccharides, various extracellular proteins, nucleic acids etc to enhance its survival in hostile environments, especially for detergents, antibiotics and disinfectants. this paper elaborated c. jejuni biofilm formation and regulation mechanisms in the surface properties of the media, temperatures, gas environment, the regulation of gene etc, also analysed and discussed a variety of biofilm removal pract ... | 2016 | 27373066 |
| structure and functional diversity of gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat). | general control non-repressible 5 (gcn5)-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat) catalyze the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) to a diverse group of substrates and are widely distributed in all domains of life. this review of the currently available data acquired on gnat enzymes by a combination of structural, mutagenesis and kinetic methods summarizes the key similarities and differences between several distinctly different families within the gnat superfamily, with an emp ... | 2016 | 27367672 |
| the interplay between the microbiome and the adaptive immune response in cancer development. | the data from different studies suggest a bacterial role in cancer genesis/progression, often modulating the local immune response. this is particularly so at the mucosal level where the bacterial presence is strong and the immune system is highly reactive. the epithelial surfaces of the body, such as the skin and mucosa, are colonized by a vast number of microorganisms, which represent the so-called normal microbiome. normally the microbiome does not cause a proinflammatory response because the ... | 2016 | 27366226 |
| multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis: a molecular genotyping tool for paenibacillus larvae. | american foulbrood, caused by paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease of honey bees (apis mellifera). to perform genotyping of p. larvae in an epidemiological context, there is a need of a fast and cheap method with a high resolution. here, we propose multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva). mlva has been used for typing a collection of 209 p. larvae strains from which 23 different mlva types could be identified. moreover, the developed methodology not ... | 2016 | 27365124 |
| glycan and lectin biosensors. | a short description about the importance of glycan biorecognition in physiological (blood cell type) and pathological processes (infections by human and avian influenza viruses) is provided in this review. glycans are described as much better information storage media, compared to proteins or dna, due to the extensive variability of glycan structures. techniques able to detect an exact glycan structure are briefly discussed with the main focus on the application of lectins (glycan-recognising pr ... | 2016 | 27365034 |
| campylobacter species and neutrophilic inflammatory bowel disease in cats. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a common cause of signs of gastrointestinal disease in cats. a subset of cats with ibd has neutrophilic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. | 2016 | 27362482 |
| dectin-2 recognizes mannosylated o-antigens of human opportunistic pathogens and augments lipopolysaccharide activation of myeloid cells. | lps consists of a relatively conserved region of lipid a and core oligosaccharide and a highly variable region of o-antigen polysaccharide. whereas lipid a is known to bind to the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (md2) complex, the role of the o-antigen remains unclear. here we report a novel molecular interaction between dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin-2 (dectin-2) and mannosylated o-antigen found in a human opportunistic pathogen, hafnia alvei pcm 1223, whic ... | 2016 | 27358401 |
| qnas with jorge galán. | 2016 | 27357666 | |
| insights into campylobacter jejuni colonization and enteritis using a novel infant rabbit model. | a lack of relevant disease models for campylobacter jejuni has long been an obstacle to research into this common enteric pathogen. here we used an infant rabbit to study c. jejuni infection, which enables us to define several previously unknown but key features of the organism. c. jejuni is capable of systemic invasion in the rabbit, and developed a diarrhea symptom that mimicked that observed in many human campylobacteriosis. the large intestine was the most consistently colonized site and pro ... | 2016 | 27357336 |
| the impact of environmental conditions on campylobacter jejuni survival in broiler faeces and litter. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial food-borne pathogen within the european union, and poultry meat is an important vehicle for its transmission to humans. however, there is limited knowledge about how this organism persists in broiler litter and faeces. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of a number of environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen, on campylobacter survival in both broiler litter and faeces. | 2016 | 27357236 |
| feedback control of campylobacter jejuni flagellin levels through reciprocal binding of fliw to flagellin and the global regulator csra. | bacterial flagella assembly is tightly regulated to ensure a timely and sequential production of the various flagellum constituents. in the pathogen campylobacter jejuni the hierarchy in flagella biosynthesis is largely determined at the transcriptional level through the activity of the alternative sigma factors sigma(54) and sigma(28) . here, we report that c. jejuni flagellin levels are also controlled at the post-transcriptional level via the thus far poorly-characterized flagellar assembly f ... | 2016 | 27353476 |
| adaptation of campylobacter jejuni to biocides used in the food industry affects biofilm structure, adhesion strength, and cross-resistance to clinical antimicrobial compounds. | the emergence of biocide-adapted campylobacter jejuni strains that developed into biofilms and their potential to develop clinical resistance to antimicrobial compounds was studied. c. jejuni was grown in sub-lethal concentrations of five biocides used in the food industry. c. jejuni exhibited adaptation to these biocides with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations. the 3-d structures of the biofilms produced by the biocide-adapted cells were investigated by atomic force microscopy (afm). t ... | 2016 | 27353218 |
| "self-cleaving" 2a peptide from porcine teschovirus-1 mediates cleavage of dual fluorescent proteins in transgenic eimeria tenella. | the "self-cleaving" 2a sequence of picornavirus, which mediates ribosome-skipping events, enables the generation of two or more separate peptide products from one mrna containing one or more "self-cleaving" 2a sequences. in this study, we introduced a single 2a sequence of porcine teschovirus-1 (p2a) linked to two fluorescent protein genes, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) gene and the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, in a single cassette into transgenic eimeria tenella (eter). ... | 2016 | 27352927 |
| alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. | the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. here we use 16s rrna sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (ms, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43). microbiome alterations in ms include increases in methanobrevibacter and akkermansia and decreases in butyricimonas, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling and ... | 2016 | 27352007 |
| clinical relevance of infections with zoonotic and human oral species of campylobacter. | genus campylobacter has been recognized as a causative bacterial agent of animal and human diseases. human campylobacter infections have caused more concern. campylobacters can be classified into two groups in terms of their original host: zoonotic and human oral species. the major zoonotic species are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, which mostly reside in the intestines of avian species and are transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated poultry products, thus causing hum ... | 2016 | 27350611 |
| study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens. | magnesium oxide nanoparticles (mgo nanoparticles, with average size of 20 nm) have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents in food safety applications due to their structure, surface properties, and stability. the aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of mgo nanoparticles against several important foodborne pathogens. | 2016 | 27349516 |
| etiology of diarrhea, nutritional outcomes, and novel intestinal biomarkers in tanzanian infants. | diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but the etiology of diarrhea and its relation to nutritional outcomes in resource-limited settings is poorly defined. we sought to determine the etiology of community-acquired diarrhea in tanzanian infants and to assess the association with anthropometrics and novel intestinal biomarkers. | 2017 | 27347720 |
| challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information. | 2016 | 27346955 | |
| immunization with outer membrane vesicles displaying designer glycotopes yields class-switched, glycan-specific antibodies. | the development of antibodies against specific glycan epitopes poses a significant challenge due to difficulties obtaining desired glycans at sufficient quantity and purity, and the fact that glycans are usually weakly immunogenic. to address this challenge, we leveraged the potent immunostimulatory activity of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) to deliver designer glycan epitopes to the immune system. this approach involved heterologous expression of two clinically important glycans, name ... | 2016 | 27341433 |
| raw milk consumption: risks and benefits. | there continues to be considerable public debate on the possible benefits regarding the growing popularity of the consumption of raw milk. however, there are significant concerns by regulatory, or public health, organizations like the food and drug administration and the centers for disease control and prevention because of risk of contracting milkborne illnesses if the raw milk is contaminated with human pathogens. this review describes why pasteurization of milk was introduced more than 100 ye ... | 2015 | 27340300 |