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fluoroquinolone resistance detection in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by luminex xmap technology.the proportion of campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. we developed an innovative method based on a luminex xmap dna suspension array that allows the identification of campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point mutation in the gyra gene (substitution from threonine 86 to isoleucine 86) that is responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. ninety-six campy ...201020500084
repeated therapeutic dosing selects macrolide-resistant campylobacter spp. in a turkey facility.this study assessed the effects of the therapeutic use of tylan® in a large-scale turkey production facility on the selection of macrolide-resistant campylobacter.201020497488
genotyping and pcr detection of potential virulence genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in poland.the prevalence of potential virulence markers was determined among the population of polish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from children, chickens, pigs and dogs. the presence of the flaa, flab, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, cdtabc, virb11, and cj0588 genes among 74 c. jejuni and 15 c. coli isolates was detected by pcr. high prevalence of five different putative virulence and toxin genes (flaa, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, and cj0588) was found among isolates obtained from children, chickens and ...201020490760
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens in bahir dar, ethiopia.in this study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from chickens and humans in bahir dar, ethiopia, were analyzed. two hundred and ten human and 220 chicken samples were analyzed between october 2007 and april 2008. seventeen human and 160 chicken campylobacter species were isolated. the overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 8% and 72.7% in humans and chickens, respectively. in humans, 94.1% of the isolates were c. jej ...201020482228
fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples.a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ...201020453122
methods for determining disease burden and calibrating national surveillance data in the united kingdom: the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community (iid2 study).infectious intestinal disease (iid), usually presenting as diarrhoea and vomiting, is frequently preventable. though often mild and self-limiting, its commonness makes iid an important public health problem. in the mid 1990s around 1 in 5 people in england suffered from iid a year, costing around pound0.75 billion. no routine information source describes the uk's current community burden of iid. we present here the methods for a study to determine rates and aetiology of iid in the community, pre ...201020444246
detection of campylobacter jejuni by culture and real-time pcr in a french cohort of patients with guillain-barre syndrome.bacteriological culture and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) were used to detect campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples from a french cohort of 237 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we provide evidence that diverse serotypes and genotypes of c. jejuni are a major trigger of gbs in france.201020410350
occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter species in surface waters of a mediterranean area and in its prevailing pollution sources.to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in surface waters of a highly populated mediterranean area.201020408911
prevalence and biomolecular characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meat.we estimated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail meat (n = 352 samples; 104 chicken, 106 pork, and 142 beef) collected in campobasso, italy, comparing two microbiological methods. all the isolates were characterized by biomolecular techniques for epidemiological purposes. campylobacter isolation was performed by selective culture and membrane filtration methods. phenotypic and genotypic methods for genus and species identification were evaluated together with antimicrobial resistance ...201020377962
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in iran.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses during different stages of broiler processing in a major commercial poultry processing plant in southwestern iran. overall, 84 chicken carcasses were sampled from 4 sites along the processing line during a total of 7 visits. in addition, 14 water samples from the chiller tank were taken. using the cultural method, 186 of 336 (55.4%) carcasses were positiv ...201020371855
mutations in the rpsl gene are involved in streptomycin resistance in campylobacter coli.to characterize the mechanisms of streptomycin (str) resistance in campylobacter coli, we chose 17 isolates that were resistant to str, erythromycin (ery), or both, and the putative str resistance target genes rpsl, rrs, and gidb were analyzed for mutations. the presence of the aade gene encoding aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase was also evaluated. to reveal putative connection between ery and str resistance mechanisms, 13 c. coli isolates initially susceptible to str and ery were exposed to ...201020370506
antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypic profile comparison of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats.a total of 360 spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (campylobacter jejuni n = 148; campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (c. jejuni n = 114; c. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. ciprofloxacin-resistant c. jejuni was observed in 13.5% and 19% of the isolates from humans and retail chicken breasts, respectively. antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and er ...201020367499
evidence for a lineage of virulent bacteriophages that target campylobacter.our understanding of the dynamics of genome stability versus gene flux within bacteriophage lineages is limited. recently, there has been a renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages as 'therapeutic' agents; a prerequisite for their use in such therapies is a thorough understanding of their genetic complement, genome stability and their ecology to avoid the dissemination or mobilisation of phage or bacterial virulence and toxin genes. campylobacter, a food-borne pathogen, is one of the organi ...201020353581
the internal transcribed spacer region, a new tool for use in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships within the campylobacter genus.the campylobacter genus consists of a number of important human and animal pathogens. although the 16s rrna gene has been used extensively for detection and identification of campylobacter species, there is currently limited information on the 23s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) region that lies between the 16s and 23s rrna genes. we examined the potential of the 23s rrna gene and the its region to be used in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships ...201020348308
growth phase-dependent activation of the dccrs regulon of campylobacter jejuni.two-component systems are widespread prokaryotic signal transduction devices which allow the regulation of cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. the two-component system dccrs (cj1223c-cj1222c) of campylobacter jejuni is important for the colonization of chickens. here, we dissect the dccrs system in more detail and provide evidence that the sensor dccs selectively phosphorylates the cognate effector, dccr. microarray expression profiling, real-time reverse transcr ...201020348251
modification of the campylobacter jejuni flagellin glycan by the product of the cj1295 homopolymeric-tract-containing gene.the campylobacter jejuni flagellin protein is o-glycosylated with structural analogues of the nine-carbon sugar pseudaminic acid. the most common modifications in the c. jejuni 81-176 strain are the 5,7-di-n-acetylated derivative (pse5ac7ac) and an acetamidino-substituted version (pse5am7ac). other structures detected include o-acetylated and n-acetylglutamine-substituted derivatives (pse5am7ac8oac and pse5am7ac8glnnac, respectively). recently, a derivative of pseudaminic acid modified with a di ...201020338909
multi-locus sequence types of campylobacter carried by flies and slugs acquired from local ruminant faeces.to assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces.201020337762
epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain.in october 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (plant a). patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). an investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness.201020333310
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
risk factors for indigenous campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections in the netherlands: a case-control study.a case-control study comprising 1315 campylobacter jejuni cases, 121 campylobacter coli cases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in the netherlands in 2002-2003. risk factors for both c. jejuni and c. coli enteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor for c. jejuni enteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. unique risk factors for c. coli ...201020223048
performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ...201020220166
mass spectrometric analysis of ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat proteins reveals evidence of phosphorylation and absence of glycosylation.ehrlichia chaffeensis has a small subset of immunoreactive secreted, acidic (pi approximately 4), tandem repeat (tr)-containing proteins (trps), which exhibit abnormally large electrophoretic masses that have been associated with glycosylation of the tr domain.201020209062
reduction of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry skin by fruit extracts.campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and current methods to control campylobacter contamination in foods are not completely successful. plants are a promising source of antimicrobial agents, particularly given the growing interest in "all natural" foods. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from 28 edible plants against campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was evaluated in vitro and in a poultry skin model. nine of 28 extr ...201020202332
virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ...201020197500
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in iran.campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in human beings which are transmitted mostly via food originating from animals. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail raw meats in iran. from june 2008 to june 2009, a total of 722 raw meat samples from camel (n = 107), beef (n = 190), lamb (n = 225), and goat (n = 180) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets i ...201020184450
similarity of campylobacter coli from pigs, poultry and man.campylobacteriosis is one of the most frequently occurring acute gastroenteritis in humans and 10% are caused by campylobacter coli. a total of 136 isolates of c. coli from humans, poultry, and pigs were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and genetically characterized and compared by ribotyping. automatic riboprints were performed with the psti restriction enzyme and riboprinter. all poultry, pig and human strains represented a heterogeneous spectre of ribotypes. ten of 23 h ...200920183201
phylogenomics reveals a diverse rickettsiales type iv secretion system.with an obligate intracellular lifestyle, alphaproteobacteria of the order rickettsiales have inextricably coevolved with their various eukaryotic hosts, resulting in small, reductive genomes and strict dependency on host resources. unsurprisingly, large portions of rickettsiales genomes encode proteins involved in transport and secretion. one particular transporter that has garnered recent attention from researchers is the type iv secretion system (t4ss). homologous to the well-studied archetyp ...201020176788
effects of polyphosphate additives on campylobacter survival in processed chicken exudates.campylobacter spp. are responsible for a large number of the bacterial food poisoning cases worldwide. despite being sensitive to oxygen and nutritionally fastidious, campylobacter spp. are able to survive in food processing environments and reach consumers in sufficient numbers to cause disease. to investigate campylobacter persistence on processed chicken, exudates from chickens produced for consumer sale were collected and sterilized. two types of exudates from chicken products were collected ...201020173061
evaluation of diffusion and dilution methods to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts.the aim of this study was to evaluate diffusion and dilution methods for determining the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their mixtures. several methods for measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of a plant extract are available, but there is no standard procedure as there is for antibiotics. we tested different plant extracts, their mixtures and phenolic acids on selected gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes) and gram- ...201020171250
resistance to antimicrobial agents of campylobacter spp. strains isolated from animals in poland.a total of 69 campylobacter jejuni and 16 campylobacter coli strains isolated from chicken, dog and pig stool samples were characterized based on their resistance to five antimicrobial agents and on plasmid ptet profiles. antimicrobials used in this study were: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. among the isolates studied, 91.7% were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agent. the highest level of resistance for the whole t ...200920169919
a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study of the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry flocks in slovenia.campylobacter jejuni and c. coli have recently become the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne enteric infection in most industrialised countries. consumption and handling of undercooked contaminated poultry meat was identified as an important risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. the aim of this study was to ascertain the genetic diversity of c. jejuni and c. coli strains isolated from poultry in slovenia. a total of 68 isolates (42 c. jejuni , 26 c. coli ) from faeces (n = 48), meat ...201020159735
characterization of two diesel fuel degrading microbial consortia enriched from a non acclimated, complex source of microorganisms.the bioremediation of soils impacted by diesel fuels is very often limited by the lack of indigenous microflora with the required broad substrate specificity. in such cases, the soil inoculation with cultures with the desired catabolic capabilities (bioaugmentation) is an essential option. the use of consortia of microorganisms obtained from rich sources of microbes (e.g., sludges, composts, manure) via enrichment (i.e., serial growth transfers) on the polluting hydrocarbons would provide biorem ...201020158909
generation of the pathogenic r5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus shivad8 by serial passaging in rhesus macaques.a new pathogenic r5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) was generated following serial passaging in rhesus macaques. all 13 animals inoculated with shiv(ad8) passaged lineages experienced marked depletions of cd4(+) t cells. ten of these infected monkeys became normal progressors (nps) and had gradual losses of both memory and naïve cd4(+) t lymphocytes, generated antiviral cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell responses, and sustained chronic immune activation while maintaining variable levels ...201020147396
homopolymeric tracts represent a general regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes.while, traditionally, regulation of gene expression can be grouped into transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, some mechanisms of rapid genetic variation can also contribute to regulation of gene expression, e.g., phase variation.201020144225
rapid detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari in food, using multiplex real-time pcr.a multiplex real-time pcr assay based on four differently labeled taqman probes for detection and differentiation of the thermophilic campylobacter species c. jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari was established and validated in food products. this assay combines two previously published pcr assays for c. jejuni and c. coli with a newly developed detection assay for c. lari and an internal amplification control system. the selectivity of the method was determined by analyzing 70 campylobacter strains an ...201020132668
spondylodiscitis and an aortic aneurysm due to campylobacter coli.campylobacter coli is a rare cause of bacteremia. we report here the first case of c.coli spondylodiscitis complicated by an aortic aneurysm. outcome was favourable with surgery and antibiotic therapy.201020132561
campylobacteriosis and other bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in sofia, bulgaria for the period 1987-2008.campylobacter is the most commonly reported enteric bacterial pathogen in humans. we still do not have any systematic data concerning campylobacteriosis in bulgaria. for that reason, we present data of the thermophilic campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in sofia, for the period from 1987 to 2008. the study included patients from 0 to over 65 years-old. a total of 51,607 faecal specimens were screened for campylobacter. c. jejuni and c. coli were d ...201020122383
[molecular investigation of relatedness of campylobacter coli isolated from child with campylobacteriosis and healthy, household dog].thermotolerant species of campylobacter (mainly c. jejuni and c. coli) are among the most frequently isolated bacterial agents of gastroenteritis in many developed countries. c. coli is less prevalent than c. jejuni. the main reservoir of c. coli is swine, however this pathogen may also be found in poultry, cattle and pets. genotypic methods have successfully been applied to the subtyping of campylobacter species in epidemiological investigation. in the present study we report a case of isolatio ...200920120926
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates in broilers from china.the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens were determined in shandong province, china. in total, 275 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 767 broiler cecal samples, including 208 campylobacter jejuni, 53 campylobacter coli, and 14 unidentified campylobacter isolates. minimal inhibitory concentrations of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined using the agar dilution method recommended by clsi. more than 98% of the tested campylobacter isolates wer ...201020116182
proteomic analysis of iron acquisition, metabolic and regulatory responses of yersinia pestis to iron starvation.the gram-negative bacterium yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the bubonic plague. efficient iron acquisition systems are critical to the ability of y. pestis to infect, spread and grow in mammalian hosts, because iron is sequestered and is considered part of the innate host immune defence against invading pathogens. we used a proteomic approach to determine expression changes of iron uptake systems and intracellular consequences of iron deficiency in the y. pestis strain kim6+ at two phy ...201020113483
prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial pathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarroeal human stools from vhembe district, south africa.in the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar (34.2%) and cryptospori ...200920099757
expanded multilocus sequence typing and comparative genomic hybridization of campylobacter coli isolates from multiple hosts.the purpose of this work was to evaluate the evolutionary history of campylobacter coli isolates derived from multiple host sources and to use microarray comparative genomic hybridization to assess whether there are particular genes comprising the dispensable portion of the genome that are more commonly associated with certain host species. genotyping and clonalframe analyses of an expanded 16-gene multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data set involving 85 isolates from 4 different hosts species te ...201020097815
understanding the molecular epidemiology of the footrot pathogen dichelobacter nodosus to support control and eradication programs.the gram-negative anaerobe dichelobacter nodosus is the primary etiologic agent of ovine footrot. few studies of the genetic diversity and epidemiology of d. nodosus have been done, despite the economic cost and welfare implications of the disease. this study examined a large collection of australian isolates; 735 isolates from footrot-infected sheep from 247 farms in western australia (wa) were tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and a subset of 616 isolates was tested by infrequ ...201020071558
understanding the molecular epidemiology of the footrot pathogen dichelobacter nodosus to support control and eradication programs.the gram-negative anaerobe dichelobacter nodosus is the primary etiologic agent of ovine footrot. few studies of the genetic diversity and epidemiology of d. nodosus have been done, despite the economic cost and welfare implications of the disease. this study examined a large collection of australian isolates; 735 isolates from footrot-infected sheep from 247 farms in western australia (wa) were tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and a subset of 616 isolates was tested by infrequ ...201020071558
comparison of campylobacter populations isolated from a free-range broiler flock before and after slaughter.relatively little is known about the campylobacter genotypes colonizing extensively reared broiler flocks and their survival through the slaughter process, despite the increasing demand for free-range and organic products by the consumer. campylobacter isolates from a free-range boiler flock, sampled before and after slaughter, were genotyped by mlst (multilocus sequence typing) and sequence analysis of the flaa short variable region (svr). the campylobacter genotypes isolated before and after s ...201020071049
the era of molecular and other non-culture-based methods in diagnosis of sepsis.sepsis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, is a clinical syndrome with signs and symptoms relating to an infectious event and the consequent important inflammatory response. from a clinical point of view, sepsis is a continuous process ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) to multiple-organ-dysfunction syndrome (mods). blood cultures are the current "gold standard" for diagnosis, and they are based on the detection of viable microorganisms pres ...201020065332
amoebae and algae can prolong the survival of campylobacter species in co-culture.several species of free-living amoebae can cause disease in humans. however, in addition to the direct pathogenicity of e.g. acanthamoebae and naegleria species, they are recognized as environmental hosts, indirectly involved in the epidemiology of many pathogenic bacteria. although several studies have demonstrated intracellular survival of many different bacteria in these species, the extent of such interactions as well as the implications for the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved ...201020056117
high-throughput identification of bacteria and yeast by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in conventional medical microbiology laboratories.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. first, we evaluated maldi-tof ms using 327 clinical isolates previously cultured from patient materials and identified by conventional techniques (vitek-ii, api, and biochemical tests). discre ...201020053859
prevalence and risk factor investigation of campylobacter species in beef cattle feces from seven large commercial feedlots in alberta, canada.this fecal prevalence study targeted cattle from 7 large (10,000 to > 40,000 head) commercial feedlots in alberta as a means of establishing campylobacter levels in cattle just prior to animals entering the food chain. overall, 87% [95% confidence interval (ci) = 86-88] of 2776 fresh pen-floor fecal samples were culture positive for campylobacter species, with prevalences ranging from 76% to 95% among the 7 feedlots. campylobacter spp. prevalence was 88% (95% ci = 86-90) in the summer (n = 1376) ...200920046629
antimicrobial susceptibilities of multidrug-resistant campylobacter jejuni and c. coli strains: in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents.there is a paucity of information regarding antimicrobial agents that are suitable to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant campylobacter spp. our aim was to identify agents that are potentially effective against multiresistant campylobacter strains. the in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents against 238 campylobacter strains were analyzed by determining mics by the agar plate dilution method or the etest. these strains were selected from 1,808 campylobacter isolates coll ...201020038624
activation of human and chicken toll-like receptors by campylobacter spp.campylobacter infection in humans is accompanied by severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, in contrast to colonization of chicken. the basis for the differential host response is unknown. toll-like receptors (tlrs) sense and respond to microbes in the body and participate in the induction of an inflammatory response. thus far, the interaction of campylobacter with chicken tlrs has not been studied. here, we investigated the potential of four campylobacter strains to activate human tlr1/2/ ...201020038539
activation of human and chicken toll-like receptors by campylobacter spp.campylobacter infection in humans is accompanied by severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, in contrast to colonization of chicken. the basis for the differential host response is unknown. toll-like receptors (tlrs) sense and respond to microbes in the body and participate in the induction of an inflammatory response. thus far, the interaction of campylobacter with chicken tlrs has not been studied. here, we investigated the potential of four campylobacter strains to activate human tlr1/2/ ...201020038539
comparison of pcr binary typing (p-bit), a new approach to epidemiological subtyping of campylobacter jejuni, with serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing methods.to overcome some of the deficiencies with current molecular typing schema for campylobacter spp., we developed a prototype pcr binary typing (p-bit) approach. we investigated the distribution of 68 gene targets in 58 campylobacter jejuni strains, one campylobacter lari strain, and two campylobacter coli strains for this purpose. gene targets were selected on the basis of distribution in multiple genomes or plasmids, and known or putative status as an epidemicity factor. strains were examined wit ...201020023103
prolonged survival of campylobacter species in bovine manure compost.the persistence of naturally occurring campylobacteria in aerobic compost constructed of manure from beef cattle that were administered chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (as700) or from cattle not administered antibiotics (control) was examined. although there were no differences in population sizes of heterotrophic bacteria, the temperature of as700 compost was more variable and did not become as high as that of control compost. there were significant differences in water content, total carb ...201020023098
comprehensive and rapid real-time pcr analysis of 21 foodborne outbreaks.a set of four duplex sybr green i pcr (sg-pcr) assay combined with dna extraction using qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated for the detection of foodborne bacteria from 21 foodborne outbreaks. the causative pathogens were detected in almost all cases in 2 hours or less. the first run was for the detection of 8 main foodborne pathogens in 5 stool specimens within 2 hours and the second run was for the detection of other unusual suspect pathogens within a further 45 minutes. after 2 to 4 days, ...200920016673
easy-to-use rapid test for direct detection of campylobacter spp. in chicken feces.human campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries. one important source of infection is poultry. results from the dutch campylobacter risk management and assessment project indicate that meat from broiler flocks shedding >or=7 log cfu campylobacter per g of feces poses the greatest risk of transmitting campylobacteriosis. the objective of this study was to develop a simple and rapid test that would identify chicken flocks shedding high number ...200920003729
the hemolytic and cytolytic activities of serratia marcescens phospholipase a (phla) depend on lysophospholipid production by phla.serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacterium and often causes nosocomial infections. there have been few studies of the virulence factors of this bacterium. the only s. marcescens hemolytic and cytotoxic factor reported, thus far, is the hemolysin shla.200920003541
helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide modification, lewis antigen expression, and gastric colonization are cholesterol-dependent.helicobacter pylori specifically takes up cholesterol and incorporates it into the bacterial membrane, yet little is currently known about cholesterol's physiological roles. we compared phenotypes and in vivo colonization ability of h. pylori grown in a defined, serum-free growth medium, f12 with 1 mg/ml albumin containing 0 to 50 mug/ml cholesterol.200920003432
method for bacteriophage isolation against target campylobacter strains.poultry meat is considered a major source of campylobacter. this micro-aerobic bacterium is commonly responsible for foodborne illness. this work focuses on the isolation of campylobacter coli lytic bacteriophages (phages) against target c. coli strains.201020002571
genetic similarity of campylobacter isolates in humans, food, and water sources in central poland.campylobacter spp. is an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. however, sources of these infections are often difficult to identify. therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the genetic relatedness of campylobacter isolates from environmental and food samples as well as stool specimens of diarrheal patients obtained in a single geographic region in poland. only a few campylobacter jejuni isolates (4/18, 22%) could be assigned to one cluster, whereas the majority were ...201020001328
occurrence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. contamination on vegetable farms in malaysia.the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. (campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in malaysia. c. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1% and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm a and farm b, respectively, when using the mpnpcr method. campylobacter spp. was not found in any of ...200919996696
species-specific identification and differentiation of arcobacter, helicobacter and campylobacter by full-spectral matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis.rapid and reliable identification of arcobacter and helicobacter species, and their distinction from phenotypically similar campylobacter species, has become increasingly important, since many of them are now recognized as human and/or animal pathogens. matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) ms has been shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for characterization of micro-organisms. in this study, we therefore established a reference database of selected arcoba ...201019959629
description and sources of contamination by campylobacter spp. of river water destined for human consumption in brittany, france.presence or absence of campylobacter spp. in water of five rivers upstream from an intake point for drinking water production was investigated, and isolates genetically compared with human, pig and poultry isolates in order to determine their source. river water and drinking water obtained from these rivers were sampled one time per month, over a period of one year, and tested for campylobacter. isolates were typed by pfge. campylobacter was not detected in treated drinking water, but 50% of the ...200919942377
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis of a flaa fragment.the highly variable flagellin-encoding flaa gene has long been used for genotyping campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis is emerging as an efficient and robust method for discriminating dna sequence variants. the objective of this study was to apply hrm analysis to flaa-based genotyping. the initial aim was to identify a suitable flaa fragment. it was found that the pcr primers commonly used to amplify the flaa short variable repeat (svr) yielded a m ...201019933351
recrudescent campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompetent adult following experimental infection with a well-characterized organism.the recrudescence of infection with campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. we present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent c. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. after antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and mic ...201019923572
recrudescent campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompetent adult following experimental infection with a well-characterized organism.the recrudescence of infection with campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. we present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent c. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. after antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and mic ...201019923572
development of a dna microarray to detect antimicrobial resistance genes identified in the national center for biotechnology information database.to understand the mechanisms and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (ar), the genetic elements responsible must be identified. due to the myriad of possible genes, a high-density genotyping technique is needed for initial screening. to achieve this, ar genes in the national center for biotechnology information genbank database were identified by their annotations and compiled into a nonredundant list of 775 genes. a dna microarray was constructed of 70mer oligonucelotide probes designed to ...201019916789
efficacy of mini vidas for the detection of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in bolton broth, with or without the supplementation of blood.the goals of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the mini vidas automated immunoassay chemistry system to detect campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in bolton broth supplemented with lysed blood (b+b) or without blood (b-b), and to detect positive samples at 24 versus 48 h after enrichment. retail broiler meat was enriched and tested for campylobacter spp. with the mini vidas and with an agar plate. isolates were speciated with a multiplex pcr and typed with pulsed-field ...200919903413
a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ...201019897645
a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ...201019897645
investigation of food and environmental exposures relating to the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in humans in northwest england.this study uses multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to investigate the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in a continuous study of a population in northwest england. all cases of campylobacter identified in four local authorities (government administrative boundaries) between 2003 and 2006 were identified to species level and then typed, using mlst. epidemiological information was collected for each of these cases, including food and recreational exposure variables, and the epidemiologies of c. je ...201019854914
multiplex pcr to diagnose bloodstream infections in patients admitted from the emergency department with sepsis.sepsis is caused by a heterogeneous group of infectious etiologies. early diagnosis and the provision of appropriate antimicrobial therapy correlate with positive clinical outcomes. current microbiological techniques are limited in their diagnostic capacities and timeliness. multiplex pcr has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections and fill this diagnostic gap. we identified patients from two large academic hospital emergency departments with suspected sepsis. the results of a m ...200919846634
multiplex pcr to diagnose bloodstream infections in patients admitted from the emergency department with sepsis.sepsis is caused by a heterogeneous group of infectious etiologies. early diagnosis and the provision of appropriate antimicrobial therapy correlate with positive clinical outcomes. current microbiological techniques are limited in their diagnostic capacities and timeliness. multiplex pcr has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections and fill this diagnostic gap. we identified patients from two large academic hospital emergency departments with suspected sepsis. the results of a m ...200919846634
campylobacter excreted into the environment by animal sources: prevalence, concentration shed, and host association.an intensive study of 443 isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from 2031 fecal samples excreted by animal sources including cattle, sheep, and pigs, a range of wild and domesticated avian species and pets is described. the prevalence found in the majority of animal sources ranged from 22% to 28% with poultry being highest at 41% and cats and dogs lowest (<5%). the average count excreted for each animal source was found not to be significantly different ranging from approximate ...200919839759
characterization of the oxidative stress stimulon and perr regulon of campylobacter jejuni.during gut colonization, the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni must surmount the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species produced by its own metabolism, the host immune system, and intestinal microflora. elucidation of c. jejuni oxidative stress defense mechanisms is critical for understanding campylobacter pathophysiology.200919835633
campylobacter species occurrence within internal organs and tissues of commercial caged leghorn laying hens.campylobacter spp. are frequently present in the intestinal tract and internal tissues of broiler breeder and broiler chickens. campylobacter spp. ecology in commercial leghorn laying hens has not been extensively studied. the objectives of the current study were to determine 1) campylobacter spp. presence in the reproductive tract, lymphoid organs, liver-gallbladder, and ceca of commercial leghorn laying hens; 2) species of campylobacter present; and 3) antimicrobial resistance pattern of campy ...200919834099
development and evaluation of internal amplification controls for use in a real-time duplex pcr assay for detection of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.a common problem of both conventional and real-time pcr assays is failure of dna amplification due to the presence of inhibitory substances in samples. in view of this, our aim was to develop and evaluate internal amplification controls (iacs) for use with an existing duplex real-time pcr assay for campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. both competitive and non-competitive iacs were developed and evaluated. the competitive approach involved a dna fragment of the coding region of the fish v ...201019833779
study of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in campylobacter coli using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and its distribution among clinical and food strains.from a collection of 242 food isolates of campylobacter spp. 72 were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 170 as campylobacter coli and of 112 isolates from clinical sources, 92 were identified as c. jejuni and 20 as c. coli. the results for food isolates were in contrast to other reported identifications. twenty c. coli strains from clinical cases of campylobacter that occurred in portugal and 170 isolated from poultry products were examined for the presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cd ...201019821742
long-term survival of campylobacter jejuni at low temperatures is dependent on polynucleotide phosphorylase activity.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. infection generally occurs after ingestion of contaminated poultry products, usually conserved at low temperatures. the mechanisms promoting survival of c. jejuni in the cold remain poorly understood despite several investigations. the present study provides insight into the survival mechanism by establishing the involvement of polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase), a 3'-5' exoribonuclease with multiple biological fu ...200919801468
comparison between the biofilm initiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains to an inert surface using biofilm ring test.the adhesion to an inert surface (the first step of biofilm formation) of the two main pathogenic campylobacter species, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, isolated from diverse origins, was compared.201019796124
prevalence of campylobacter spp. in raw retail poultry on sale in northern ireland.a year-long survey of fresh, retail poultry products on sale in northern ireland was undertaken to define the prevalence of campylobacter spp. by using protocols based on iso (standard) 10272-1:2006. incubation at 37 and 42 degrees c was undertaken to increase the diversity of isolates obtained. overall, 652 isolates were identified as campylobacter spp. by using pcr and amplified fragment length polymorphic typing. phenotyping wrongly identified 21% of isolates. prevalences of campylobacter fou ...200919777882
functional analysis of the helicobacter pylori flagellar switch proteins.helicobacter pylori uses flagellum-mediated chemotaxis to promote infection. bacterial flagella change rotational direction by changing the state of the flagellar motor via a subcomplex referred to as the switch. intriguingly, the h. pylori genome encodes four switch complex proteins, flim, flin, fliy, and flig, instead of the more typical three of escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis. our goal was to examine whether and how all four switch proteins participate in flagellation. previous work de ...200919767432
diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli genotypes from human and animal sources from rio de janeiro, brazil.to compare the genotypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates of human and animal origin collected in rio de janeiro city, 30 c. jejuni and 35 c. coli isolates from animal sources (n=45) and human patients with gastroenteritis (n=20) were genotyped by pcr-based techniques, namely random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd-pcr) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric-pcr). rapd-pcr identified 50 types and eric-pcr identified 22 genotypes, among the 65 cam ...201019765787
mouse intestine colonization ability of campylobacter coli strains.campylobacter coli is an etiological agent of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in man and animals, and can be found as a commensal in gastrointestinal tract of animals. in this study, we aimed to determine differences among c coli strains in colonization of the intestinal tract of mice. seven c coli strains isolated from diarrheic patients, asymptomatic hosts and chicken carcasses were used for this study. each strain was inoculated with 0.1 ml of a bacterial suspension (3 x 10(8) ...200919753795
functional characterization of flagellin glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni 81-176.the major flagellin of campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176, flaa, has been shown to be glycosylated at 19 serine or threonine sites, and this glycosylation is required for flagellar filament formation. some enzymatic components of the glycosylation machinery of c. jejuni 81-176 are localized to the poles of the cell in an flhf-independent manner. flagellin glycosylation could be detected in flagellar mutants at multiple levels of the regulatory hierarchy, indicating that glycosylation occurs inde ...200919749047
cost analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing comparing the e test and the agar dilution method in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.although numerous reports have compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp., controversy still exists about the use of the e test as an alternative to the agar dilution method suggested by the clinical and laboratory standards institute. mics of 8 antimicrobials were determined using the e test and agar dilution methods for 103 campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from fresh chicken randomly purchased from stores in 3 southern ontario counties. overall, 72.6% o ...200919748428
genetic diversity and stability of the pora allele as a genetic marker in human campylobacter infection.the major outer-membrane protein (momp) of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, encoded by the pora gene, is extremely genetically diverse. conformational momp epitopes are important in host immunity, and variation in surface-exposed regions probably occurs as a result of positive immune selection during infection. pora diversity has been exploited in genotyping studies using highly discriminatory nucleotide sequences to identify potentially epidemiologically linked cases of human campyl ...200919744989
molecular, antigenic, and functional characteristics of ferric enterobactin receptor cfra in campylobacter jejuni.the ferric enterobactin receptor cfra not only is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition in campylobacter jejuni but also is essential for c. jejuni colonization in animal intestines. in this study, we determined the feasibility of targeting the iron-regulated outer membrane protein cfra for immune protection against campylobacter colonization. alignment of complete cfra sequences from 15 campylobacter isolates showed that the levels of amino acid identity for cfra range from 89% to 98%. ...200919737895
dna identification and characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from caecal samples of chickens in grenada.to speciate campylobacter strains from the caeca of chickens in grenada using pcr and to evaluate dna-based typing methods for the characterization of these isolates.201019735321
thermotolerant coliforms are not a good surrogate for campylobacter spp. in environmental water.this study aimed to assess the importance of quantitatively detecting campylobacter spp. in environmental surface water. the prevalence and the quantity of campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and escherichia coli in 2,471 samples collected weekly, over a 2-year period, from 13 rivers and 12 streams in the eastern townships, québec, canada, were determined. overall, 1,071 (43%), 1,481 (60%), and 1,463 (59%) samples were positive for campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and e. c ...200919734335
demonstration of persistent strains of campylobacter jejuni within broiler farms over a 1-year period in lithuania.the aim of the study was to investigate the flock prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler farms in lithuania and to identify possible persistent strains of camp. jejuni using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) typing method.201019709341
spatiotemporal homogeneity of campylobacter subtypes from cattle and sheep across northeastern and southwestern scotland.source attribution using molecular subtypes has implicated cattle and sheep as sources of human campylobacter infection. whether the campylobacter subtypes associated with cattle and sheep vary spatiotemporally remains poorly known, especially at national levels. here we describe spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence, bacterial enumeration, and subtype composition in campylobacter isolates from cattle and sheep feces from northeastern (63 farms, 414 samples) and southwestern (71 farms, 449 sampl ...200919700557
efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: an update.drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in bacteria. there has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps characterized from bacteria of human, animal, plant and environmental origins. these pumps are mostly encoded on the chromosome, although they can also be plasmid-encoded. a previous article in this journal provided a comprehensive review regarding efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria. in the past 5 years, significant pr ...200919678712
rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a pcr- and microarray-based assay.during the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. we have developed a method based on a modified broad-range pcr and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. the broad-range pcr primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrb and pare. the primer design a ...200919664269
campylobacter coli prosthetic hip infection associated with ingestion of contaminated oysters.this report describes the first reported case of a prosthetic hip joint infection due to campylobacter coli. the infection presumably resulted from ingestion of contaminated raw oysters. issues regarding original smear interpretation, culture isolation, and susceptibility testing are presented.200919656982
amoxicillin therapy of poultry flocks: effect upon the selection of amoxicillin-resistant commensal campylobacter spp.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amoxicillin therapy of poultry flocks upon the persistence of commensal campylobacter spp. and the incidence of antibiotic resistance.200919656785
novel clonal complexes with an unknown animal reservoir dominate campylobacter jejuni isolates from river water in new zealand.campylobacter jejuni is widely distributed in the environment, and river water has been shown to carry high levels of the organism. in this study, 244 c. jejuni isolates from three river catchment areas in new zealand were characterized using multilocus sequence typing. forty-nine of the 88 sequence types identified were new. the most common sequence types identified were st-2381 (30 isolates), st-45 (25 isolates), and st-1225 (23 isolates). the majority of the sequence types identified in the r ...200919648367
the response of campylobacter jejuni to low temperature differs from that of escherichia coli.human infection with campylobacter jejuni is often associated with the consumption of foods that have been exposed to both chilling and high temperatures. despite the public health importance of this pathogen, little is known about the effects of cold exposure on its ability to survive a subsequent heat challenge. this work examined the effect of rapid exposure to chilling, as would occur in poultry processing, on the heat resistance at 56 degrees c of two c. jejuni strains, 11168 and 2097e48, a ...200919648365
susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from animals and humans to ciprofloxacin.fifty five thermophilic campylobacter spp. strains were isolated from the caecum of broilers, cecum and colon of pigs and from human faeces. the strains were identified as campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the more prevalent species in humans and broilers was campylobacter jejuni, and in pigs campylobacter coli. in the framework of this study, sensitivity to ciprofloxacin in isolated strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was tested by e-test. resistant to ciprofloxaci ...200919645360
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