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influence of cell surface hydrophobicity on attachment of campylobacter to abiotic surfaces.this work aimed to investigate the influence of physicochemical properties and prior mode of growth (planktonic or sessile culture) on attachment of 13 campylobacter jejuni strains and 5 campylobacter coli strains isolated from chicken samples to three abiotic surfaces: stainless steel, glass and polyurethane. water contact angle and zeta potential measurements indicated that the strains varied with respect to surface hydrophobicity (17.6 ± 1.5 to 53.0 ± 2.3°) and surface charge (-3.3 ± 0.4 to - ...201121569937
Comparative Genomics of Helicobacter pylori and the human-derived Helicobacter bizzozeronii CIII-1 strain reveal the molecular basis of the zoonotic nature of non-pylori gastric Helicobacter infections in humans.ABSTRACT:201122039924
pan-european monitoring of susceptibility to human-use antimicrobial agents in enteric bacteria isolated from healthy food-producing animals.objectives: to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli, salmonella, campylobacter and enterococcus from cattle, pigs and chickens across the european union (eu) using uniform methodology. methods: intestinal samples (1624) were taken at slaughter across five eu countries. bacteria were isolated in national laboratories, whilst mics were determined in a central laboratory for key antimicrobials used in human medicine. clinical resistance was based on clsi breakpoints and de ...201122210758
introgression in the genus campylobacter: generation and spread of mosaic alleles.horizontal genetic exchange strongly influences the evolution of many bacteria, substantially contributing to difficulties in defining their position in taxonomic groups. in particular, how clusters of related bacterial genotypes - currently classified as microbiological species - evolve and are maintained remains controversial. the nature and magnitude of gene exchange between two closely related (approx. 15 % nucleotide divergence) microbiologically defined species, campylobacter jejuni and ca ...201121212120
arcobacter population dynamics in pigs on farrow-to-finish farms.healthy pigs are an important reservoir for the emerging human pathogen arcobacter which can result in contamination of porcine carcasses and pork and the spread of arcobacters into the environment. up to now, the excretion of arcobacters by pigs has been studied, but information about the transmission routes in fattening pigs is lacking. the present study aimed to elucidate the arcobacter population dynamics in pigs during the fattening period on four farrow-to-finish farms. on each farm, 30 cl ...201121216902
comparison of cape town and skirrow's campylobacter isolation protocols in humans and broilers in morogoro, tanzania.comparison of cape town and skirrow's protocols used in isolation of campylobacter in humans and broilers was carried out in a cross-sectional study in morogoro, tanzania. a total of 176 and 158 human stool and broiler intestinal samples were collected, respectively. while human stool samples were collected from selected health centers, broiler intestinal samples were obtained from selected farms and chicken markets. samples were inoculated and cultured in duplicate using two protocols and preva ...201121359592
new methods for detection of campylobacters in stool samples in comparison to culture.campylobacter species, especially campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are a major cause of human bacterial enteritis. current detection in stools is done essentially by culture on selective and nonselective media with filtration. these methods were compared to 2 molecular biology methods, an in-house real-time pcr and a multiplex pcr named seeplex diarrhea ace detection, and 3 immunoenzymatic methods, premier campy, ridascreen campylobacter, and immunocard stat!campy. out of 242 stool s ...201121209172
high prevalence of intestinal carriage of campylobacter coli in patients with primary antibody deficiencies: a silent infection that could shift to a life-threatening condition. 201121358549
extracts of edible and medicinal plants in inhibition of growth, adherence, and cytotoxin production of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter spp. is recognized as one of the most common cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. campylobacter infection causes campylobacteriosis, which can range from asymptomatic to dysentery-type illnesses with severe complications, such as guillian-barre syndrome. epidemiological studies have revealed that consumption of poultry products is an important risk factor of this disease. adherence and cytotoxic activity of the bacteria to host mucosal surfaces have been propose ...201122417513
evaluation of novel agars for the enumeration of campylobacter spp. in poultry retail samples.the purpose of this study was to examine the performance of novel agars for the identification and enumeration of campylobacter species. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of campylobacter selective agar (casa), brilliance campycount agar (bcca) and campyfoodidagar (cfa) for 84 campylobacter spp. isolates and 50 non-campylobacter spp. isolates from 37 distinct genera were of 100% sensitivity, with a 98% specificity for bcca and cfa, and a 100% specificity for casa. the application of the ...201122226753
campylobacter jejuni infection and its virulence associated genes among children with moderate to severe diarrhea attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil.campylobacter is an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. we determined the occurrence of campylobacter sp. - using culture-based methods - and c. jejuni, c. coli and some virulence associated genes (vag) - using pcr - among children aged ≤ 14 years attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil because of diarrhea. genomic dna was extracted directly from stool samples collected from 366 children. a survey form regarding clinical parameters was applied to caretakers. c. jejuni was de ...201122174372
helicobacter pylori exploits a unique repertoire of type iv secretion system components for pilus assembly at the bacteria-host cell interface.colonization of the human stomach by helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor for development of gastric cancer. the h. pylori cag pathogenicity island (cag pai) encodes components of a type iv secretion system (t4ss) that translocates the bacterial oncoprotein caga into gastric epithelial cells, and cagl is a specialized component of the cag t4ss that binds the host receptor α5β1 integrin. here, we utilized a mass spectrometry-based approach to reveal co-purification of cagl, cagi (anoth ...201121909278
a comprehensive evaluation of colonic mucosal isolates of sutterella wadsworthensis from inflammatory bowel disease.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) arises in genetically susceptible individuals as a result of an unidentified environmental trigger, possibly a hitherto unknown bacterial pathogen. twenty-six clinical isolates of sutterella wadsworthensis were obtained from 134 adults and 61 pediatric patients undergoing colonoscopy, of whom 69 and 29 respectively had ibd. s. wadsworthensis was initially more frequently isolated from ibd subjects, hence this comprehensive study was undertaken to elucidate its ro ...201122073125
Improvement of Modified Charcoal-Cefoperazone-Deoxycholate Agar by Supplementation with a High Concentration of Polymyxin B for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Chicken Carcass Rinse.Modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was improved by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin B. The ability of the supplemented medium to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from chicken carcass rinse was compared to that of Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. Modification of mCCDA with increased polymyxin B yielded significantly (p < 0.05) better isolation rate and selectivity than those achieved on using Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA.201122210208
genotypes and antibiotic resistance of campylobacter coli in fattening pigs.campylobacter coli is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen causing human gastroenteritis worldwide. the organism is a commensal in the intestine of many food production animals including fattening pigs. the role of the pig as a potential reservoir for c. coli affecting human either directly or via poultry has hardly been investigated and genetic characterization of porcine strains is needed to address this question. for this aim multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and flab typing was applied to 256 c. c ...201121899961
prevalence of campylobacter species in adult crohn's disease and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine.crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). a high prevalence of campylobacter concisus was previously detected in paediatric cd and adult uc. currently, the prevalence of c. concisus in adult cd and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine are unknown. in this study, we examined the prevalence of campylobacter species in biopsies collected from multiple anatomic sites of adult patients w ...201121966525
the zinc-ribbon domain of helicobacter pylori hp0958: requirement for rpon accumulation and possible roles of homologs in other bacteria.helicobacter pylori hp0958 protein (flgz) prevents the rapid turnover of rpon (σ(54)), a transcription factor required for expression of several flagellar genes in h. pylori. flgz possesses a zinc-ribbon domain (duf164) that contains two conserved cxxc motifs which coordinate a zinc ion and is thought to interact with nucleic acids or proteins. two conserved cysteine residues in flgz (cys-202 and cys-223) were replaced with serine to assess their significance in flgz function. after confirming t ...201122408721
welcome to microbial informatics and experimentation. 201122587655
abc transporters involved in export of cell surface glycoconjugates.complex glycoconjugates play critical roles in the biology of microorganisms. despite the remarkable diversity in glycan structures and the bacteria that produce them, conserved themes are evident in the biosynthesis-export pathways. one of the primary pathways involves representatives of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter superfamily. these proteins are responsible for the export of a wide variety of cell surface oligo- and polysaccharides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteri ...201020805402
characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated in the region of nis, serbia.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli represent one of the main causes of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. although the disease is usually mild and self-limiting, severe chronic sequelae may occur, such as reactive arthritis, guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes. serotyping is used as an epidemiological marker, while post-infective polyneuropathies are associated with several o serotypes.201021361150
evolution of an agriculture-associated disease causing campylobacter coli clade: evidence from national surveillance data in scotland.the common zoonotic pathogen campylobacter coli is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide but its evolution is incompletely understood. using multilocus sequence type (mlst) data of 7 housekeeping genes from a national survey of campylobacter in scotland (2005/6), and a combined population genetic-phylogenetics approach, we investigated the evolutionary history of c. coli. genealogical reconstruction of isolates from clinical infection, farm animals and the environment, reveal ...201021179537
influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of manure-derived escherichia coli in saturated porous media.in this research, tetracycline resistant (tet(r)) and tetracycline susceptible (tet(s)) escherichia coli isolates were retrieved from dairy manure and the influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of e. coli in saturated porous media was investigated through laboratory column transport experiments. experimental results showed that tet(r)e. coli strains had higher mobility than the tet(s) strains in saturated porous media. measurements of cell surface properties suggested that tet(r)e ...201021211813
influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of manure-derived escherichia coli in saturated porous media.in this research, tetracycline resistant (tet(r)) and tetracycline susceptible (tet(s)) escherichia coli isolates were retrieved from dairy manure and the influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of e. coli in saturated porous media was investigated through laboratory column transport experiments. experimental results showed that tet(r)e. coli strains had higher mobility than the tet(s) strains in saturated porous media. measurements of cell surface properties suggested that tet(r)e ...201021211813
diversity and impact of prokaryotic toxins on aquatic environments: a review.microorganisms are ubiquitous in all habitats and are recognized by their metabolic versatility and ability to produce many bioactive compounds, including toxins. some of the most common toxins present in water are produced by several cyanobacterial species. as a result, their blooms create major threats to animal and human health, tourism, recreation and aquaculture. quite a few cyanobacterial toxins have been described, including hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins and dermatotoxins. these t ...201022069558
flagellin as an adjuvant: cellular mechanisms and potential.flagellin is a potent activator of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant, as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate cell types, trigger a generalized recruitment of t and b lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid sites, and activate tlr5(+)cd11c(+) cells and t lymphocytes in a manner that is distinct from cognate ag recognition. the plasticity ...201021048152
successful treatment of cryptosporidiosis in 2 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) by using paromomycin.two pair-housed, 1-y-old common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) had intermittent loose feces and weight loss for approximately 2 mo. cryptosporidum parvum was identified by elisa in the feces of both animals. cbc and blood chemistry values, including liver enzymes, were within normal range. both marmosets were treated with the antibiotic paromomycin (15 mg/kg po) twice daily for 28 d. resolution of clinical signs coincided with treatment. three follow-up samples, taken 2 wk apart after treatment ...201021205457
simultaneous screening of 24 target genes of foodborne pathogens in 35 foodborne outbreaks using multiplex real-time sybr green pcr analysis.a set of 8 multiplex real-time sybr green pcr (sg-pcr) assays including 3 target primers and an internal amplification control (iac) primer was simultaneously evaluated in 3 h or less with regard to detection of 24 target genes of 23 foodborne pathogens in 7 stool specimens of foodborne outbreak using a 96-well reaction plate. this assay, combined with dna extraction (qiaamp dna stool mini kit), offered detection of greater than 10(3)-10(4) foodborne pathogens per g in stool specimens. the produ ...201020936159
solexaqa: at-a-glance quality assessment of illumina second-generation sequencing data.illumina's second-generation sequencing platform is playing an increasingly prominent role in modern dna and rna sequencing efforts. however, rapid, simple, standardized and independent measures of run quality are currently lacking, as are tools to process sequences for use in downstream applications based on read-level quality data.201020875133
microbial diagnostic microarray for food- and water-borne pathogens.a microbial diagnostic microarray for the detection of the most relevant bacterial food- and water-borne pathogens and indicator organisms was developed and thoroughly validated. the microarray platform based on sequence-specific end labelling of oligonucleotides and the pyhylogenetically robust gyrb marker gene allowed a highly specific (resolution on genus/species level) and sensitive (0.1% relative and 10(4) cfu absolute detection sensitivity) detection of the target pathogens. validation was ...201021255342
molecular characterization of the 16s rrna gene of helicobacter fennelliae isolated from stools and blood cultures from paediatric patients in south africa.forty strains of h. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in cape town, south africa, were amplified by pcr of the 16s rrna. two distinct genotypes of h. fennelliae were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. this was confirmed by sequencing a portion of the beta subunit of the rna polymerase (rpob) gene. all isolates from south africa clustered with a proposed novel helicobacter strain (accession number af237612) iso ...201022567323
molecular characterization of the 16s rrna gene of helicobacter fennelliae isolated from stools and blood cultures from paediatric patients in south africa.forty strains of h. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in cape town, south africa, were amplified by pcr of the 16s rrna. two distinct genotypes of h. fennelliae were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. this was confirmed by sequencing a portion of the beta subunit of the rna polymerase (rpob) gene. all isolates from south africa clustered with a proposed novel helicobacter strain (accession number af237612) iso ...201022567323
tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog.toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ...201021110998
methods for determining disease burden and calibrating national surveillance data in the united kingdom: the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community (iid2 study).infectious intestinal disease (iid), usually presenting as diarrhoea and vomiting, is frequently preventable. though often mild and self-limiting, its commonness makes iid an important public health problem. in the mid 1990s around 1 in 5 people in england suffered from iid a year, costing around pound0.75 billion. no routine information source describes the uk's current community burden of iid. we present here the methods for a study to determine rates and aetiology of iid in the community, pre ...201020444246
tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog.toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ...201021110998
the era of molecular and other non-culture-based methods in diagnosis of sepsis.sepsis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, is a clinical syndrome with signs and symptoms relating to an infectious event and the consequent important inflammatory response. from a clinical point of view, sepsis is a continuous process ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) to multiple-organ-dysfunction syndrome (mods). blood cultures are the current "gold standard" for diagnosis, and they are based on the detection of viable microorganisms pres ...201020065332
risk assessment of growth hormones and antimicrobial residues in meat.growth promoters including hormonal substances and antibiotics are used legally and illegally in food producing animals for the growth promotion of livestock animals. hormonal substances still under debate in terms of their human health impacts are estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, zeranol, trenbolone, and melengestrol acetate (mga) . many of the risk assessment results of natural steroid hormones have presented negligible impacts when they are used under good veterinary practices. for ...201024278538
simple and rapid detection of campylobacter spp. in naturally contaminated chicken-meat samples by combination of a two-step enrichment method with an immunochromatographic assay.a simple and rapid method to detect campylobacter spp. in chicken-meat samples was established. this method consisted of a combination of a two-step enrichment method with a commercially available immunochromatographic assay, named nh immunochromato campylobacter (nh ic campy, nippon meat packers, ibaraki, japan), which is able to detect campylobacter antigen in an enrichment culture within 15 min. the enrichment method did not require much blood or a particular system of generating a microaerob ...201020621373
occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter species in surface waters of a mediterranean area and in its prevailing pollution sources.to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in surface waters of a highly populated mediterranean area.201020408911
isolation and characterization of campylobacter spp. from antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella) at deception island, antarctica.the presence of campylobacter spp. was investigated in 41 antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella) and 9 weddell seals (leptonychotes weddellii) at deception island, antarctica. infections were encountered in six antarctic fur seals. the isolates, the first reported from marine mammals in the antarctic region, were identified as campylobacter insulaenigrae and campylobacter lari.201020639356
study of the molecular mechanisms involved in high-level macrolide resistance of spanish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the high-level erythromycin resistance of clinical spanish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.201020647243
implications of faecal indicator bacteria for the microbiological assessment of roof-harvested rainwater quality in southeast queensland, australia.the study aimed to evaluate the suitability of escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens for assessing the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater and assessing whether the concentrations of these faecal indicators can be used to predict the presence or absence of specific zoonotic bacterial or protozoan pathogens. from a total of 100 samples tested, 58%, 83%, and 46% of samples were found to be positive for, respectively, e. coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfri ...201020657617
accuracy of the api campy system, the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus (nh) card and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for the identification of campylobacter and related organisms.abstract biochemical identification of campylobacter and related organisms is not always specific and may lead to diagnostic errors. the api campy, the vitek 2 system and matrix-assisted desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) are commercially available methods that are routinely used for the identification of these microorganisms. in the present study, we used 224 clinical isolates and 10 reference strains previously identified by multiple pcr assays, whole-cell pr ...201020673261
antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter coli selected by tylosin treatment at a pig farm.limited knowledge is available regarding the dynamics of macrolide resistance under farm conditions with natural campylobacter populations. we examined the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter coli at a large pig farm. faeces were sampled from untreated sows and piglets (n=57), weaned pigs treated with tylosin (n=68) and pigs of the same group 3-5 weeks after withdrawal of tylosin (n=15). additionally, 48 weaned pigs were sampled after tylosin had not been administered for 7 mon ...201020684867
evolutionary dynamics of complete campylobacter pan-genomes and the bacterial species concept.defining bacterial species and understanding the relative cohesiveness of different components of their genomes remains a fundamental problem in microbiology. bacterial species tend to be comprised of both a set of core and dispensable genes, with the sum of these two components forming the species pan-genome. the role of the core and dispensable genes in defining bacterial species and the question of whether pan-genomes are finite or infinite remain unclear. here we demonstrate, through the ana ...201020688752
microbiological quality of blue mussels (mytilus edulis) in nunavik, quebec: a pilot study.this pilot study was aimed at documenting the presence of fecal indicators and enteric pathogens in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from 6 communities in nunavik, quebec. one to four 2 kg samples of mussels were collected at low tide in each community. samples were investigated by enumeration methods for the fecal indicators enterococci, escherichia coli, f-specific coliphages, clostridium perfringens, and by molecular identification for the pathogens norovirus, salmonella spp., campylobacter jeju ...201021076488
genotype and antibiotic resistance analyses of campylobacter isolates from ceca and carcasses of slaughtered broiler flocks.to obtain genetic information about campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from broilers and carcasses at slaughterhouses, we analyzed and compared 340 isolates that were collected in 2008 from the cecum right after slaughter or from the neck skin after processing. we performed rpob sequence-based identification, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and flab sequence-based typing; we additionally analyzed mutations within the 23s rrna and gyra genes that confer resistance to macrolide and qui ...201020709846
characterization of erythromycin-resistant porcine isolates of campylobacter coli.erythromycin-resistant campylobacter organisms were isolated from swine, and their resistance to the antibiotic was characterized. one hundred fourteen campylobacter organisms were isolated from 572 swine intestinal samples. all isolates were identified as campylobacter coli by sequence analysis of 16s rrna gene and polymerase chain reactions with primers specific to hippuricase gene in campylobacter jejuni and aspartokinase gene in c. coli. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of erythromyc ...201020735175
obstacles of multiplex real-time pcr for bacterial 16s rdna: primer specifity and dna decontamination of taq polymerase.background: the detection of a broad range of bacteria by pcr is applied for the screening of blood and blood products with special attention to platelet concentrates. for practical use it is desirable that detection systems include gram-positive, gram-negative and non-gram-stainable bacteria. it is quite challenging to achieve high sensitivity along with a clear negative control with pcr reagents, because especially taq polymerase is contaminated with traces of bacterial dna. methods: bacterial ...201020737013
the glycerophospho metabolome and its influence on amino acid homeostasis revealed by brain metabolomics of gde1(-/-) mice.gde1 is a mammalian glycerophosphodiesterase (gde) implicated by in vitro studies in the regulation of glycerophophoinositol (gropins) and possibly other glycerophospho (grop) metabolites. here, we show using untargeted metabolomics that gropins is profoundly (>20-fold) elevated in brain tissue from gde1(-/-) mice. furthermore, two additional grop metabolites not previously identified in eukaryotic cells, glycerophosphoserine (gropser) and glycerophosphoglycerate (gropgate), were also highly ele ...201020797612
the in vivo efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni in chickens.poultry meat is one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, an acute bacterial enteritis which is a major problem worldwide. campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni are the most common campylobacter species associated with this disease. these pathogens live in the intestinal tract of most avian species and under commercial conditions they spread rapidly to infect a high proportion of the flock, which makes their treatment and prevention very difficult. bacteriophages (phag ...201020809975
fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter.campylobacter is a commensal in poultry, and therefore, poultry and poultry products are major sources of campylobacter infections in humans. fluoroquinolones inhibit the growth of campylobacter and other microorganisms by binding to bacterial dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv. these enzymes are associated with bacterial transcription, replication, and chromosome condensation and segregation. selection pressure in the presence of fluoroquinolones rapidly leads to resistance in campylobacter, d ...201020537275
comparison of premier campy enzyme immunoassay (eia), prospect campylobacter eia, and immunocard stat! campy tests with culture for laboratory diagnosis of campylobacter enteric infections.campylobacter enteritis is a food-borne or waterborne illness caused almost exclusively by campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by campylobacter coli. these organisms produce indistinguishable clinical diseases and together represent the second most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the united states and the leading cause of enteric infection throughout the world. the conventional approach to the laboratory diagnosis of campylobacter enteritis is based on the recovery of the organis ...201020810765
fragmentation of the large subunit ribosomal rna gene in oyster mitochondrial genomes.discontinuous genes have been observed in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts. gene discontinuity occurs in multiple forms: the two most frequent forms result from introns that are spliced out of the rna and the resulting exons are spliced together to form a single transcript, and fragmented gene transcripts that are not covalently attached post-transcriptionally. within the past few years, fragmented ribosomal rna (rrna) genes have been discovered in bilatera ...201020813041
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and enteric helicobacter in domestic and free living birds in north-western italy.in order to investigate the prevalence of some thermophilic campylobacter (c. jejuni and c. coli) and enteric helicobacter (h. pullorum and h. canadensis) in domestic and wild birds, a total of 278 bird caecal samples were analyzed over a 2 year period in north-western italy. samples were collected from poultry raised in intensive farming at the slaughterhouse (n=102, group a) and in small scale rural farms (n=60, group b) as well as from wild birds (n=116, group c). pcr amplifications were carr ...201020814861
prevalence, antibiograms, and transferable tet(o) plasmid of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from raw chicken, pork, and human clinical cases in korea.the antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of the transferable tet(o) plasmid were investigated in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from raw chicken, pork, and humans with clinical campylobacteriosis. a total of 180 c. jejuni and c. coli isolates were identified, and the prevalence rates of c. jejuni and c. coli in raw chicken samples were 83% (83 of 100) and 73% (73 of 100), respectively. twelve percent (6 of 50) and 10% (5 of 50) of pork samples were contaminated wit ...201020819352
survival of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on retail broiler meat stored at -20, 4, or 12 degrees c and development of weibull models for survival.survival of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from broiler meat was investigated and modeled on retail breast meat. meat portions were inoculated with c. jejuni or c. coli at 6.4 to 6.8 log cfu/g followed by storage at -20 degrees c for 84 days or at 4 or 12 degrees c for 14 days. kinetic data within a species and temperature were fitted to the weibull model. when >or=70% of the residuals were in an acceptable prediction zone from -1 (fail-safe) to 0.5 (fail-dangerous) log uni ...201020819353
differences in methylation at gatc sites in genomic dna of campylobacter coli from turkeys and swine.a significant fraction (46/108, 43%) of swine isolates of campylobacter coli but none of 81 isolates of c. coli from turkeys had genomic dna that was resistant to digestion by mboi, suggesting methylation of adenines at gatc sites. no consistent association was noted between antimicrobial resistance and mboi resistance. seven swine-associated multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (sts) were detected among multiple isolates with mboi-resistant dna. the data suggest host-associated dna m ...201020833787
direction of neutrophil movements by campylobacter-infected intestinal epithelium.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli together represent the leading bacterial cause of human enteritis. however, the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. infection results in the formation of crypt abscesses resulting from the migration of neutrophils across the intestinal epithelium and into the intestinal crypts. in this study, we model this process in vitro and show that campylobacter infection of epithelium results in a quantifiable increase in the directed movement of n ...201020934530
evolution and population structure of salmonella enterica serovar newport.salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because s. newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (mdr), including third-generation cephalosporins (mdr-ampc phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. we analyzed 384 s. newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. these were compared to the populatio ...201020935094
survival of campylobacter jejuni under conditions of atmospheric oxygen tension with the support of pseudomonas spp.campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen. despite causing enteritis in humans, it is a well-adapted intestinal microorganism in animals, hardly ever generating disease symptoms. nevertheless, as a true microaerophilic microorganism it is still puzzling how campylobacter cells can survive on chicken meat, the main source of human infection. in this study, we demonstrate that c. jejuni is able to withstand conditions of atmospheric oxygen tension when cocultured with pseudomonas species ...201020639377
prevalence and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat in korea, 2004–2008.campylobacteriosis in humans is primarily caused by handling or consuming contaminated poultry or their products. the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in domestic and imported poultry meat in korea and to further characterize the obtained isolates. from 2004 to 2008, a total of 475 domestic and 867 imported raw poultry meat samples were examined for the presence of campylobacter spp. among 475 domestic poultry meat samples, campylobacter jejuni and campylo ...201020939742
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from retail meat in the united states between 2002 and 2007.the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. has been a growing public health concern globally. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of campylobacter spp. recovered by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) retail meat program. retail meat samples (n = 24,566) from 10 u.s. states collected between 2002 and 2007, consisting of 6,138 chicken breast, 6,109 ground turkey, 6,171 ...201020971875
temperature affects sole carbon utilization patterns of campylobacter coli 49941.campylobacter spp. are small, asaccharolytic bacteria exhibiting unique nutritional and environmental requirements. campylobacter spp. exist as commensal organisms in some animal species, yet are estimated to be the most common causative agents of foodborne illness in humans. c. jejuni is most often associated with poultry, while c. coli are more frequently associated with swine. temperature has been suggested to trigger potential colonization or virulence factors in c. jejuni, and recent studie ...201020981547
molecular characterization and environmental mapping of campylobacter isolates in a subset of intensive poultry flocks in ireland.irish breeder and intensive broiler flocks together with the corresponding poultry farm environment were sampled for the presence of campylobacter with the aim of identifying potential sources and transmission routes of poultry flock contamination. the genetic diversity of a subset of campylobacter isolates was examined by analysis of the flaa-short variable region (svr). additional discrimination for a further subset of these isolates was achieved using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysi ...201021039133
detection of gyra mutation among clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni isolated in egypt by mama-pcr.campylobacter spp are the major cause of enteritis in humans and more than 90% of reported infections are caused by campylobacter jejuni. fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are the antibiotics of choice for treatment. an increase in the frequency of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter has been reported globally due to a single base mutation (c-257 to t) in codon 86 of the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene altering the amino acid sequence from threonine at posi ...201021045366
campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission.crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. we investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated campylobacter populations.201021059158
campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission.crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. we investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated campylobacter populations.201021059158
prevalence, numbers and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. in retail poultry in phnom penh, cambodia.salmonella and campylobacter are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastro-enteritis; and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. to evaluate whether the salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. bacteria could be monitored for the purpose of microbial presence, enumeration and antimicrobial resistance in raw poultry, 152 poultry carcasses were randomly selected from 10 markets in retail outlets of phnom penh during march 2006 to february 2007. the m ...201021060246
independent evolution of the core and accessory gene sets in the genus neisseria: insights gained from the genome of neisseria lactamica isolate 020-06.the genus neisseria contains two important yet very different pathogens, n. meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae, in addition to non-pathogenic species, of which n. lactamica is the best characterized. genomic comparisons of these three bacteria will provide insights into the mechanisms and evolution of pathogenesis in this group of organisms, which are applicable to understanding these processes more generally.201021092259
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in iran.campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in human beings which are transmitted mostly via food originating from animals. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail raw meats in iran. from june 2008 to june 2009, a total of 722 raw meat samples from camel (n = 107), beef (n = 190), lamb (n = 225), and goat (n = 180) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets i ...201020184450
virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ...201020197500
reduction of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry skin by fruit extracts.campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and current methods to control campylobacter contamination in foods are not completely successful. plants are a promising source of antimicrobial agents, particularly given the growing interest in "all natural" foods. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from 28 edible plants against campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was evaluated in vitro and in a poultry skin model. nine of 28 extr ...201020202332
three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture.campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ...201020519461
mass spectrometric analysis of ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat proteins reveals evidence of phosphorylation and absence of glycosylation.ehrlichia chaffeensis has a small subset of immunoreactive secreted, acidic (pi approximately 4), tandem repeat (tr)-containing proteins (trps), which exhibit abnormally large electrophoretic masses that have been associated with glycosylation of the tr domain.201020209062
performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ...201020220166
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain.in october 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (plant a). patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). an investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness.201020333310
multi-locus sequence types of campylobacter carried by flies and slugs acquired from local ruminant faeces.to assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces.201020337762
a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study of the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry flocks in slovenia.campylobacter jejuni and c. coli have recently become the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne enteric infection in most industrialised countries. consumption and handling of undercooked contaminated poultry meat was identified as an important risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. the aim of this study was to ascertain the genetic diversity of c. jejuni and c. coli strains isolated from poultry in slovenia. a total of 68 isolates (42 c. jejuni , 26 c. coli ) from faeces (n = 48), meat ...201020159735
growth phase-dependent activation of the dccrs regulon of campylobacter jejuni.two-component systems are widespread prokaryotic signal transduction devices which allow the regulation of cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. the two-component system dccrs (cj1223c-cj1222c) of campylobacter jejuni is important for the colonization of chickens. here, we dissect the dccrs system in more detail and provide evidence that the sensor dccs selectively phosphorylates the cognate effector, dccr. microarray expression profiling, real-time reverse transcr ...201020348251
antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypic profile comparison of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats.a total of 360 spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (campylobacter jejuni n = 148; campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (c. jejuni n = 114; c. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. ciprofloxacin-resistant c. jejuni was observed in 13.5% and 19% of the isolates from humans and retail chicken breasts, respectively. antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and er ...201020367499
mutations in the rpsl gene are involved in streptomycin resistance in campylobacter coli.to characterize the mechanisms of streptomycin (str) resistance in campylobacter coli, we chose 17 isolates that were resistant to str, erythromycin (ery), or both, and the putative str resistance target genes rpsl, rrs, and gidb were analyzed for mutations. the presence of the aade gene encoding aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase was also evaluated. to reveal putative connection between ery and str resistance mechanisms, 13 c. coli isolates initially susceptible to str and ery were exposed to ...201020370506
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in iran.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses during different stages of broiler processing in a major commercial poultry processing plant in southwestern iran. overall, 84 chicken carcasses were sampled from 4 sites along the processing line during a total of 7 visits. in addition, 14 water samples from the chiller tank were taken. using the cultural method, 186 of 336 (55.4%) carcasses were positiv ...201020371855
prevalence and biomolecular characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meat.we estimated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail meat (n = 352 samples; 104 chicken, 106 pork, and 142 beef) collected in campobasso, italy, comparing two microbiological methods. all the isolates were characterized by biomolecular techniques for epidemiological purposes. campylobacter isolation was performed by selective culture and membrane filtration methods. phenotypic and genotypic methods for genus and species identification were evaluated together with antimicrobial resistance ...201020377962
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens in bahir dar, ethiopia.in this study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from chickens and humans in bahir dar, ethiopia, were analyzed. two hundred and ten human and 220 chicken samples were analyzed between october 2007 and april 2008. seventeen human and 160 chicken campylobacter species were isolated. the overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 8% and 72.7% in humans and chickens, respectively. in humans, 94.1% of the isolates were c. jej ...201020482228
detection of campylobacter jejuni by culture and real-time pcr in a french cohort of patients with guillain-barre syndrome.bacteriological culture and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) were used to detect campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples from a french cohort of 237 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we provide evidence that diverse serotypes and genotypes of c. jejuni are a major trigger of gbs in france.201020410350
characterization of n-linked protein glycosylation in helicobacter pullorum.the first bacterial n-linked glycosylation system was discovered in campylobacter jejuni, and the key enzyme involved in the coupling of glycan to asparagine residues within the acceptor sequon of the glycoprotein is the oligosaccharyltransferase pglb. emerging genome sequence data have revealed that pglb orthologues are present in a subset of species from the deltaproteobacteria and epsilonproteobacteria, including three helicobacter species: h. pullorum, h. canadensis, and h. winghamensis. in ...201020581208
fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples.a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ...201020453122
genotyping and pcr detection of potential virulence genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in poland.the prevalence of potential virulence markers was determined among the population of polish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from children, chickens, pigs and dogs. the presence of the flaa, flab, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, cdtabc, virb11, and cj0588 genes among 74 c. jejuni and 15 c. coli isolates was detected by pcr. high prevalence of five different putative virulence and toxin genes (flaa, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, and cj0588) was found among isolates obtained from children, chickens and ...201020490760
repeated therapeutic dosing selects macrolide-resistant campylobacter spp. in a turkey facility.this study assessed the effects of the therapeutic use of tylan® in a large-scale turkey production facility on the selection of macrolide-resistant campylobacter.201020497488
fluoroquinolone resistance detection in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by luminex xmap technology.the proportion of campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. we developed an innovative method based on a luminex xmap dna suspension array that allows the identification of campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point mutation in the gyra gene (substitution from threonine 86 to isoleucine 86) that is responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. ninety-six campy ...201020500084
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from cattle between 2002 and 2006 in france.feces from 2,255 cattle (calves, young beef cattle, and culled cows) were collected at slaughter from nine departments across france. campylobacter was recovered from 16.5% of the 2,255 samples (c. jejuni from 12.8% and c. coli from 3.7%), predominantly from calves. antimicrobial resistance to six antibiotics of medical and/or veterinary interest was tested with the e-test. resistance to tetracycline was found in most isolates (52.8% of c. jejuni isolates and 88.1% of c. coli isolates) in contra ...201020501032
investigation of water washes suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces.water washing with a handheld hose was performed on beef surfaces to ascertain the most effective combination of methods needed to remove potentially harmful microorganisms. for these experiments, beef brisket surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni. in a pilot study, surfaces were washed with cold water (15 degrees c) at various water pressures, spray distances, applicat ...201020501042
identification of campylobacter jejuni genes involved in its interaction with epithelial cells.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of infectious gastroenteritis in industrialized nations. its ability to enter and survive within nonphagocytic cells is thought to be very important for pathogenesis. however, little is known about the c. jejuni determinants that mediate these processes. through an extensive transposon mutagenesis screen, we have identified several loci that are required for c. jejuni efficient entry and survival within epithelial cells. among these loci, insertional mut ...201020515930
host association of campylobacter genotypes transcends geographic variation.genetic attribution of bacterial genotypes has become a major tool in the investigation of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and has implicated retail chicken meat as the major source of human infection in several countries. to investigate the robustness of this approach to the provenance of the reference data sets used, a collection of 742 campylobacter jejuni and 261 campylobacter coli isolates obtained from united kingdom-sourced chicken meat was established and typed by multilocus seque ...201020525862
molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from chickens and patients with gastritis or guillain-barré syndrome based on multilocus sequence types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.campylobacter jejuni has recently been noted as the most common cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in japan. in the present study, we determined st types of c. jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from chickens and patients with enteritis or gbs in japan and thailand. c. jejuni from chickens, enteritis, and gbs exhibited divergent st types and included several novel types in addition to worldwide common types. c. coli from enteritis was also divergent. novel st types may represent unidentif ...201020536735
comparison of real-time pcr assays for detection, quantification, and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler neck skin samples.we tested the use of multiplex real-time pcr for detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on broiler carcass neck skin samples collected during 2008 from slaughterhouses in switzerland. results from an established taqman assay based on two different targets (hipo and ceue for c. jejuni and c. coli, respectively) were corroborated with data from a newly developed assay based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the fusa gene, which allows differentiation betwe ...201020537260
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in children from communities in northeastern brazil: molecular detection and relation to nutritional status.this study determined the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni/coli and its relation with nutritional status in children from northeastern brazil. this was a case-control study design. stool samples were evaluated for hipo (c. jejuni), ask (c. coli), and cdtabc (c. jejuni's cytolethal distending toxin) genes. the nutritional status from these children was assessed by anthropometric measures and z-scores. c. jejuni and c. coli were detected in 9.6% (8/83) and 6.0% (5/83) in the diarrhea group and i ...201020542202
performance of the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator strips compared with the etest assay and bsac agar dilution.the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator (m.i.c.e; thermo fisher scientific) comprises an antibiotic gradient on a plastic support. we compared its performance with etest--a similar product--using bsac agar dilution as a reference.201020562429
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