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prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter in pheasants (phasianus colchicus).the present study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in living pheasants in italy. to achieve this goal, a total of 240 living pheasants, equally shared between female and male birds, were examined. thermotolerant campylobacter spp. was isolated in 104 out of 204 (43.3%) living pheasants analysed. campylobacter coli (100%) and campylobacter jejuni (13.5%) were identified by polymerase chain reaction. adult pheasants showed a significantly ...200818798025
identification of campylobacter jejuni proteins recognized by maternal antibodies of chickens.campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne gastroenteritis. infection with c. jejuni is frequently acquired through the consumption of undercooked poultry or foods cross-contaminated with raw poultry. given the importance of poultry as a reservoir for campylobacter organisms, investigators have performed studies to understand the protective role of maternal antibodies in the ecology of campylobacter colonization of poultry. in a previous study, chicks with maternal ...200818805999
characterization of two campylobacter jejuni strains for use in volunteer experimental-infection studies.the development of vaccines against campylobacter jejuni would be facilitated by the ability to perform phase ii challenge studies. however, molecular mimicry of the lipooligosaccharide (los) of most c. jejuni strains with human gangliosides presents safety concerns about the development of guillain-barré syndrome. clinical isolates of c. jejuni that appeared to lack genes for the synthesis of ganglioside mimics were identified by dna probe analyses. two clinical isolates from southeast asia (st ...200818809665
longitudinal study of prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from turkeys and swine grown in close proximity.eastern north carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the united states. in this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. to further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. all 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were campy ...200818810862
a large waterborne outbreak of campylobacteriosis in norway: the need to focus on distribution system safety.on 7 may 2007 the medical officer in røros (population 5600) reported 15 patients with gastroenteritis. three days later he estimated hundreds being ill. untreated tap water from a groundwater source was suspected as the vehicle and chlorination was started 11 may. campylobacter was isolated from patients' stool samples. we conducted an investigation to identify the source and describe the extent of the outbreak.200818816387
[evaluation of antigenic properties of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli proteins in a western-immunoblot].campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial cause for acute diarrheal illnesses in developed countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenic properties of campylobacterjejuni and campylobacter coli proteins in western-blot assay. whole-cell components of campulobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electroforesis. using this method we detected in all seven c. jejuni strains 21 peptides migrati ...200818819448
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are known as major virulence determinants of v. parahaemolyticus. most v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the environment do not produce tdh or trh. total v. parahaemolyticus has been used as an indicator for control of seafood contamination toward prevention of infection. detection of total v. parahaemolyticus using conventio ...200818823567
viral, bacterial and parasitic etiology of pediatric diarrhea in gaza, palestine.to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in palestinian children under 5 years of age and to improve knowledge of the etiology of gastrointestinal pathogens using traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques.200818523397
ccaat/enhancer binding protein beta is a major mediator of inflammation and viral replication in the gastrointestinal tract of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.the gastrointestinal tract (git) is a major target of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). chronic git disease and inflammation are common sequelae to hiv/siv infection. nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms that cause and maintain git dysfunction remain unclear. we investigated the contribution of ccaat/enhancer-binding protein beta (c/ebpbeta) to git disease and viral replication in jejunum and colon collected at necropsy from 12 siv-infect ...200818535173
key role of mfd in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen and a common causative agent of human enterocolitis. fluoroquinolones are a key class of antibiotics prescribed for clinical treatment of enteric infections including campylobacteriosis, but fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter readily emerges under the antibiotic selection pressure. to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter, we compared the gene expression profiles of c. jejuni in th ...200818535657
helicobacter hepaticus hhgi1 is a pathogenicity island associated with typhlocolitis in b6.129-il10 tm1cgn mice.helicobacter hepaticus strain 3b1 (h. hepaticus) contains a genomic island of approximately 71 kb, hhgi1, with some of the common features shared among known bacterial pathogenicity islands. in this study, we characterized the pathogenic potential of hhgi1 by infecting b6.129-il10 tm1cgn (il10-/-) mice with an isogenic mutant (namely hhpaid1) lacking 19 predicted genes within hhgi1. in contrast to h. hepaticus (p<0.001), hhpaid1 did not cause typhlocolitis and hyperplasia in il10-/- mice. coloni ...200818538610
sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification.vibrio cholerae is widely acknowledged as one of the most important waterborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders. cholera toxin (ct) is a major virulence determinant of v. cholerae. detection of ct-producing v. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, requiring more than three days. thus, we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the sensitive and rapid detec ...200818547441
expression, purification, and structural characterization of cfra, a putative iron transporter from campylobacter jejuni.the gene for the campylobacter ferric receptor (cfra), a putative iron-siderophore transporter in the enteric food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni, was cloned, and the membrane protein was expressed in escherichia coli, affinity purified, and then reconstituted into model lipid membranes. fourier transform infrared spectra recorded from the membrane-reconstituted cfra are similar to spectra that have been recorded from other iron-siderophore transporters and are highly characteristic of a be ...200818556796
effect of putative efflux pump inhibitors and inducers on the antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.the cmeabc efflux pump plays an important role in the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the aim of this investigation was to study the effect of putative efflux pump inhibitors, phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (pabetan) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp), as well as the effect of putative efflux pump inducers, sodium salicylate and sodium deoxycholate, on the mic levels of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, tetracycline and rifampicin for c. ...200818566143
influxed insects as vectors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in danish broiler houses.the vector potential of flies (diptera: brachycera) for spread of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on 5 danish broiler farms was evaluated in a longitudinal field study from april to november 2004. first, the prevalence of c. jejuni- and c. coli-positive flies was determined in 2,816 flies captured from farm surroundings. each individual fly was macerated, preenriched in bolton broth for 24 h at 42 degrees c, streaked onto modified campylobater blood-free selective agar and incubated ...200818577626
multicenter evaluation of the new vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus identification card.the new neisseria-haemophilus identification (nh) card for vitek 2 was compared with 16s rrna gene sequencing (16s) as the reference method for accurate identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. testing was performed on the vitek 2 xl system with modified software at three clinical trial laboratories. reproducibility was determined with nine atcc quality control strains tested 20 times over a minimum of 10 days at all three sites. a challeng ...200818579712
the campylobacter jejuni/coli cjaa (cj0982c) gene encodes an n-glycosylated lipoprotein localized in the inner membrane.the campylobacter coli 72dz/92 cjaa gene (orthologue of cj0982c of c. jejuni nctc 11168) product is a highly immunogenic, amino acid-binding protein. cjaa was palmitic acid-modified when processed in e. coli. in addition, site-directed mutagenesis of the cys residue of the laac motif of its signal sequence confirmed that cjaa is a lipoprotein when processed in campylobacter. localization of the protein appeared to be host dependent. in campylobacter, cjaa was recovered mainly as an inner-membran ...200818584243
cytokine responses in primary chicken embryo intestinal cells infected with campylobacter jejuni strains of human and chicken origin and the expression of bacterial virulence-associated genes.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of inflammatory diarrhoea in humans and is considered a commensal of the gastroenteric tract of the avian host. however, little is known about the interaction between c. jejuni and the avian host including the cytokine responses and the expression of the bacterial genes. we have investigated the invasiveness of primary chicken embryo intestinal cells (ceics) by c. jejuni strains of human and chicken origins and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as ...200818588667
the haemophilus influenzae hmw1 adhesin is a glycoprotein with an unusual n-linked carbohydrate modification.the haemophilus influenzae hmw1 adhesin mediates adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, a critical early step in the pathogenesis of h. influenzae disease. in recent work, we demonstrated that hmw1 undergoes glycosylation. in addition, we observed that glycosylation of hmw1 is essential for hmw1 tethering to the bacterial surface, a prerequisite for hmw1-mediated adherence to host epithelium. in this study, we examined hmw1 proteolytic fragments by mass spectrometry, achieved 89% amino acid ...200818621734
real-time pcr detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia.in this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in southeast queensland, australia. samples were also tested using real-time pcr (with sybr green i dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for e. coli, en ...200818621865
baseline data from a belgium-wide survey of campylobacter species contamination in chicken meat preparations and considerations for a reliable monitoring program.from february to november 2007, chicken meat preparations (n = 656) were sampled at 11 processing companies across belgium. all samples were tested for campylobacter by enrichment culture and by direct plating according to standard methods. almost half (48.02%) of the samples were positive for campylobacter spp. the mean campylobacter count was 1.68 log(10) cfu/g with a standard deviation of +/- 0.64 log(10) cfu/g. the study revealed a statistically significant variation in campylobacter contami ...200818621867
host-pathogen interactions in campylobacter infections: the host perspective.campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. this study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune syst ...200818625685
combined treatment with oral kanamycin and parenteral antibiotics for a case of persistent bacteremia and intestinal carriage with campylobacter coli.campylobacter coli (c. coli) is a rare pathogen of bacteremia, but in immunocompromised hosts, c. coli occasionally causes bacteremia which can be refractory to antibiotic treatment. we report a case of c. coli bacteremia in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. bacteremia relapsed repeatedly in spite of treatment with combined intravenous antibiotics. c. coli was observed in the biopsy specimens from the intestinal mucosa, suggesting intestinal carriage and reservoir of recurring infectio ...200818628588
campylobacter-induced interleukin-8 secretion in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells requires campylobacter-secreted cytolethal distending toxin- and toll-like receptor-mediated activation of nf-kappab.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli colonize and infect the intestinal epithelium and cause acute inflammatory diarrhea. the intestinal epithelium serves as a physical barrier to, and a sensor of, bacterial infection by secreting proinflammatory cytokines. this study examined the mechanisms for campylobacter-induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8) by using polarized t84 human colonic epithelial cells as a model. c. jejuni increased the secretion of both il ...200818644884
diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from broiler chickens in france.in 2003 to 2004, 26 free-range broilers flocks excreting campylobacter were studied for identification of campylobacter species and genotype diversity. seventeen flocks were sampled at the end of the indoor rearing period and 9 before departure to the slaughterhouse after access to an open area. out of 513 isolates, 315 were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 198 as campylobacter coli. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 35 genotypes for c. jejuni and 43 genotypes for c. coli; ...200818648064
flagellar glycosylation in clostridium botulinum.flagellins from clostridium botulinum were shown to be post-translationally modified with novel glycan moieties by top-down ms analysis of purified flagellin protein from strains of various toxin serotypes. detailed analyses of flagellin from two strains of c. botulinum demonstrated that the protein is modified by a novel glycan moiety of mass 417 da in o-linkage. bioinformatic analysis of available c. botulinum genomes identified a flagellar glycosylation island containing homologs of genes rec ...200818671733
genomic evidence for interspecies acquisition of chromosomal dna from campylobacter jejuni by campylobacter coli strains of a turkey-associated clonal group (cluster ii).previous multilocus sequence typing studies of campylobacter coli from meat animals identified an unusual cluster of strains, primarily from turkeys, termed "cluster ii" and characterized by the presence of the c. jejuni aspa103 allele. to characterize the extent of genomic input from c. jejuni in the aspa region of cluster ii c. coli, we sequenced the 6.1 kb genomic region upstream of and including aspa from two turkey-derived cluster ii strains (c. coli 6979 and c. coli 7474, of st-1150 and st ...200818673073
role of the helicobacter hepaticus flagellar sigma factor flia in gene regulation and murine colonization.the enterohepatic helicobacter species helicobacter hepaticus colonizes the murine intestinal and hepatobiliary tract and is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation, gall stone formation, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. thus far, the role of h. hepaticus motility and flagella in intestinal colonization is unknown. in other, closely related bacteria, late flagellar genes are mainly regulated by the sigma factor flia (sigma(28)). we investigated the function of the h. hepaticus fl ...200818689480
differential effects of temperature on natural transformation to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance in campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are naturally competent, but limited information exists on the impact of environmental conditions on transformation. in this study, we investigated the impact of temperature and microaerobic versus aerobic atmosphere on transformation of c. coli to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance. frequency of transformation was not significantly different between microaerobic (5 to 10% co(2)) and aerobic conditions. however, c. coli was transformed to eryth ...200818708520
assessment of the stability of cell-surface components of microorganisms by maldi-tof-ms following preservation on lenticule discs.strains representing the species campylobacter coli, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica, and staphylococcus aureus were randomly selected to assess the consistency of cells preserved on lenticule discs to those archived in traditional freeze-dried ampoules. each matched pair was cultured using identical conditions and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ms) to profile the surface-associated m ...200818717884
restoration of flagellar biosynthesis by varied mutational events in campylobacter jejuni.both a complex regulatory cascade involving the flgsr two-component system and phase variation control expression of sigma(54)-dependent flagellar genes in campylobacter jejuni. in this study, mutational mechanisms influencing production of the flgs histidine kinase were discovered. random non-motile, non-flagellated flgs variants were impaired for growth in the chick intestinal tract. spontaneous revertants restored for flagellar biosynthesis, gene expression, and motility identified by in vivo ...200818761684
prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in a population of zoo animals.faecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, as well as arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in belfast zoological gardens, during july-september 2006. thermophilic campylobacters including campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (1 ...200818331520
evaluation of 16s rrna gene-based pcr assays for genus-level identification of helicobacter species.the inclusivity, exclusivity, and detection limit of six 16s rrna gene-based helicobacter genus-specific pcr assays were examined. five out of six assays were 100% inclusive, but the tests varied considerably in their exclusivity (9.1 to 95.5%). the clinical detection limit varied between 10(3) and 1 viable bacterial cell per reaction mixture.200818337392
development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and simple detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid and simple detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the assay provides a specific lamp product for each of these two species. the assay correctly identified 65 c. jejuni and 45 c. coli strains, but not 75 non-c. jejuni/coli strains. the sensitivity of the lamp assay for c. jejuni and c. coli in spiked human stool specimens was 5.6 x 10(3) c.f.u. g(-1) (1.4 c.f.u. per test tube) and 4.8 x 10(3) c.f.u ...200818349363
sequence variability of campylobacter temperate bacteriophages.prophages integrated within the chromosomes of campylobacter jejuni isolates have been demonstrated very recently. prior work with campylobacter temperate bacteriophages, as well as evidence from prophages in other enteric bacteria, suggests these prophages might have a role in the biology and virulence of the organism. however, very little is known about the genetic variability of campylobacter prophages which, if present, could lead to differential phenotypes in isolates carrying the phages ve ...200818366706
comparison of antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and chicken carcasses in poland.campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity worldwide, and some evidence suggests that poultry is an important source of this foodborne infection in humans. this study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and genetic background of resistance of 149 campylobacter jejuni and 54 campylobacter coli strains isolated from broiler chicken carcasses and from stool samples of infected children in poland from 2003 through 2005. nearly all isolates were susceptible t ...200818389707
comparison of campylobacter populations in wild geese with those in starlings and free-range poultry on the same farm.wild geese are a potential source of campylobacter infection for humans and farm animals and have been implicated in at least two large waterborne disease outbreaks. there have been few investigations into the population biology of campylobacter in geese, carriage rates are reported to vary (0 to 100%), and no genetic characterization of isolates has been performed. fecal samples collected from wild geese in oxfordshire, united kingdom, were culture positive for c. jejuni (50.2%) and c. coli (0. ...200818390684
harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella and campylobacter isolates from food animals in the european union.many member states of the european union (eu) currently monitor antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents, including salmonella and campylobacter. according to directive 2003/99/ec, member states shall ensure that the monitoring provides comparable data on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. the european commission asked the european food safety authority to prepare detailed specifications for harmonised schemes for monitoring antimicrobial resistance. the objective of these specificat ...200818397331
convergence of campylobacter species: implications for bacterial evolution.the nature of species boundaries in bacteria remains controversial. in particular, the mechanisms of bacterial speciation and maintenance in the face of frequent genetic exchange are poorly understood. here, we report patterns of genetic exchange that show two closely related zoonotic pathogenic species, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are converging as a consequence of recent changes in gene flow. population expansion into a novel ecological niche generated by human activity is the ...200818403712
campylobacter infection of broiler chickens in a free-range environment.campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with contaminated chicken meat considered to represent a major source of human infection. biosecurity measures can reduce c. jejuni shedding rates of housed chickens, but the increasing popularity of free-range and organic meat raises the question of whether the welfare benefits of extensive production are compatible with food safety. the widespread assumption that the free-range environment contaminates extens ...200818412548
the effect of chilling in cold air or ice water on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses and the population of campylobacter.cold air or ice water can be used to chill poultry carcasses after slaughter. the objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 chill methods on broiler carcass bacteria. broiler carcasses were cut in half along the dorsal-ventral midline; one half was subjected to an ice-water immersion chill in an agitated bath for 50 min, whereas the reciprocal half was subjected to an air chill in a 1 degrees c cold room for 150 min. total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, and campyloba ...200818420993
competing isogenic campylobacter strains exhibit variable population structures in vivo.consumption of poultry contaminated with campylobacter jejuni is a risk factor for human gastrointestinal disease. the rational development of control strategies for campylobacter within chickens requires an understanding of the colonization process at the molecular and population levels, both within and between hosts. experiments employing competing strains of campylobacter have been used to investigate colonization. implicit in these studies is the assumption that the behavior of competing str ...200818424530
longitudinal study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in cattle on dairy farms.multilocus sequence typing (mlst), an accurate and phylogenetically robust characterization method for population studies of campylobacter, was applied to campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 297) from the fecal samples of cattle from five dairy farms in cheshire, united kingdom, collected throughout 2003. the population dynamics of the c. jejuni strains, as identified by the occurrence of sequence types and clonal complexes, demonstrated variations within and between cattle populations over time. ...200818424539
comparative genomic analysis of clinical strains of campylobacter jejuni from south africa.campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and is also associated with the post-infectious neuropathies, guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes. in the cape town area of south africa, c. jejuni strains with penner heat-stable (hs) serotype hs:41 have been observed to be overrepresented among cases of guillain-barré syndrome. the present study examined the genetic content of a collection of 32 south african c. jejuni strains with different serotypes, including 13 hs:41 st ...200818431496
the first report on campylobacter coli family outbreak detected in poland in 2006.a family outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter coli occurred in may 2006 in bielsko-biala, in the south of poland. four members of a family had non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps. c. coli were isolated in three of the four patients. pfge and pcr-rflp-flaa patterns confirmed the link between cases, showing the usefulness of these methods in outbreak investigation. at the same time, the epidemiological and environmental investigations of this outbreak were very limited and did ...200818445405
performance of a 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray for genotyping of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is widespread in the environment and is the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. in the present study we use microarray-based comparative genomic hybridizations (cgh), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to analyze closely related c. jejuni isolates from chicken and human infection.200818462507
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from broiler chicken-related samples using bax pcr and conventional international organization for standardization culture.in this study, the conventional international organization for standardization (iso) culture method was compared with the dupont qualicon bax system, a high-throughput, rapid molecular assay that can be used to detect several bacterial species, including campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in diverse sample types. standard enrichment culture is a time-consuming process, taking up to 6 days to obtain a confirmed result. rapid molecular assays have been developed that provide results withi ...200818468043
the omp50 gene is transcriptionally controlled by a temperature-dependent mechanism conserved among thermophilic campylobacter species.the thermophilic campylobacters are enteropathogenic for humans. we recently showed that omp50 is a campylobacter species-specific porin produced in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lari but not in campylobacter coli. in the present study, we investigated regulation of the omp50 gene and found that its expression in c. jejuni was temperature-dependent, but independent of growth phase or medium viscosity. the use of rt-pcr and omp50::lacz fusions showed that growth temperature control occur ...200818485677
identification of nine sequence types of the 16s rrna genes of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from broilers.campylobacter is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of enteritis in humans in the eu member states and other industrialized countries. one significant source of infection is broilers and consumption of undercooked broiler meat. campylobacter jejuni is the campylobacter sp. predominantly found in infected humans and colonized broilers. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene is very useful for identification of bacteria to genus and species level. the objectives in this study were to deter ...200818492293
antimicrobial use through feed, water, and injection in 20 swine farms in alberta and saskatchewan.antimicrobial resistance (amr) is an emerging animal welfare and public health issue linked to antimicrobial use (amu) in livestock. this study was conducted in 2004 on 20 swine farms in alberta and saskatchewan. on-farm records and questionnaires were used to retrospectively describe the antimicrobial exposures of pigs through feed, water, and injection. antimicrobial use in all production categories was described over 12 months. on-farm records and questionnaires provided sufficient data to de ...200818505203
comparison of agar dilution and e-test for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coil isolates recovered from 80 ontario swine farms.the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement of the e-test for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coli using the agar dilution technique, which is the approved method. a convenience sample of 80 ontario swine farms was chosen for this study; each farm was visited from january to june 2004. a total of 233 isolates of c. coli were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials by agar dilution and the e-test. performance of the tests was evaluate ...200818505206
prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coil among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in ontario and british columbia.the main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pigs on farms that medicated swine ration and those that did not. a total of 940 isolates of escherichia coli from 188 pooled fecal samples obtained from weaner and finisher pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish swine farms (34 farms used in-feed medication and 13 did not) were tested for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobials using a breakpoint concentration method. the prevalence of resistance var ...200818505210
occurrence and genotypes of campylobacter in broiler flocks, other farm animals, and the environment during several rearing periods on selected poultry farms.on 15 swiss poultry farms, broiler flocks, other farm animals, and the environment were examined during consecutive rearing periods to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of campylobacter. of the 5154 collected samples, 311 (6%) from 14 farms were campylobacter positive by culture. amongst the positive samples, 228 tested positive for campylobacter jejuni and 92 for campylobacter coli. positive samples originated from broilers, the broiler houses, cattle, pigs, bantams, laying hens, ...200818508146
the campylobacter jejuni thiol peroxidases tpx and bcp both contribute to aerotolerance and peroxide-mediated stress resistance but have distinct substrate specificities.the microaerophilic food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni experiences variable oxygen concentrations during its life cycle, especially during transitions between the external environment and the avian or mammalian gut. single knockout mutations in either one of two related thiol peroxidase genes, tpx and bcp, resulted in normal microaerobic growth (10% [vol/vol] oxygen) but poorer growth than that of the wild type under high-aeration conditions (21% [vol/vol] oxygen). however, a tpx/bcp doubl ...200818515414
retrospective study of campylobacter infection in a zoological collection.little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter spp. in wild animal populations. however, zoological collections can provide valuable insights. using records from the zoological society of london whipsnade zoo compiled between 1990 and 2003, the roles of a range of biotic and abiotic factors associated with the occurrence of campylobacteriosis were investigated. the occurrence of campylobacteriosis varied widely across host taxonomic orders. furthermore, in mammals, a combination of chan ...200818165368
retrospective study of campylobacter infection in a zoological collection.little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter spp. in wild animal populations. however, zoological collections can provide valuable insights. using records from the zoological society of london whipsnade zoo compiled between 1990 and 2003, the roles of a range of biotic and abiotic factors associated with the occurrence of campylobacteriosis were investigated. the occurrence of campylobacteriosis varied widely across host taxonomic orders. furthermore, in mammals, a combination of chan ...200818165368
role of campylobacter jejuni respiratory oxidases and reductases in host colonization.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. the c. jejuni genome sequence predicts a branched electron transport chain capable of utilizing multiple electron acceptors. mutants were constructed by disrupting the coding regions of the respiratory enzymes nitrate reductase (napa::cm), nitrite reductase (nrfa::cm), dimethyl sulfoxide, and trimethylamine n-oxide reductase (termed cj0264::cm) and the two terminal oxidases, a cyanide-insensitive oxidase (cy ...200818192421
real-time pcr approach for detection of environmental sources of campylobacter strains colonizing broiler flocks.reducing colonization of poultry flocks by campylobacter spp. is a key strategy in the control and prevention human campylobacteriosis. horizontal transmission of campylobacters, from in and around the farm, is the presumed route of flock colonization. however, the identification and prioritization of sources are confounded by the ubiquitous nature of these organisms in the environment, their poor rates of recovery by standard culture methods, and the need for cost-effective and timely methods f ...200818203857
risk factors for infection with campylobacter jejuni flaa genotypes.we aimed to explore campylobacter genotype-specific risk factors in australia. isolates collected prospectively from cases recruited into a case-control study were genotyped using flaa restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing (flaa genotyping). exposure information for cases and controls was collected by telephone interview. risk factors were examined for major flaa genotypes using logistic and multinomial regression. five flaa genotypes accounted for 325 of 590 (55%) cases - flaa-6b (n=1 ...200818205975
campylobacter jejuni survives within epithelial cells by avoiding delivery to lysosomes.campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of infectious diarrhea world-wide, although relatively little is know about its mechanisms of pathogenicity. this bacterium can gain entry into intestinal epithelial cells, which is thought to be important for its ability to persistently infect and cause disease. we found that c. jejuni is able to survive within intestinal epithelial cells. however, recovery of intracellular bacteria required pre-culturing under oxygen-limiting conditions, suggesti ...200818225954
the origin of a novel gene through overprinting in escherichia coli.overlapped genes originate by a) loss of a stop codon among contiguous genes coded in different frames; b) shift to an upstream initiation codon of one of the contiguous genes; or c) by overprinting, whereby a novel open reading frame originates through point mutation inside an existing gene. although overlapped genes are common in viruses, it is not clear whether overprinting has led to new genes in prokaryotes.200818226237
functional characterization and mutagenesis of the proposed behavioral sensor tlpd of helicobacter pylori.helicobacter pylori requires flagellar motility and chemotaxis to establish and maintain chronic infection of the human stomach. the ph gradient in the stomach mucus is essential for bacterial orientation and guides the bacterium toward a narrow layer of the mucus, suggesting that h. pylori is capable of energy sensing or taxis. in the present study, h. pylori wild-type behavior in a temporal swimming assay could be altered by electron transport inhibitors, indicating that a connection between m ...200818245281
development of a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter fetus.a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the detection of cdta, cdtb or cdtc gene of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli or campylobacter fetus, respectively, was developed and evaluated with 76 campylobacter strains belonging to seven different species and 131 other bacterial strains of eight different genera. the cdta, cdtb or cdtc gene of c. jejuni, c. coli or c. fetus, respectively, could be successfully amplified using the corresponding se ...200818248435
development and evaluation of immunochromatographic assay for simple and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in human stool specimens.an immunochromatographic assay (campy-ica) using a newly generated single monoclonal antibody against a 15-kda cell surface protein of campylobacter jejuni was developed. when cell suspensions of 86 c. jejuni strains and 27 campylobacter coli strains were treated with a commercially available bacterial protein extraction reagent and the resulting extracts were tested with the campy-ica, they all yielded positive results. the minimum detectable limits for the c. jejuni strains ranged from 1.8 x 1 ...200818256225
comparative performance of different pcr assays for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.the sensitivity and specificity of 7 pcr assays described for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were examined using alkaline cell lysates from a collection of 100 well characterized reference strains of c. jejuni, c. coli, campylobacter lari and related campylobacter, helicobacter and arcobacter species. based on a preliminary evaluation, one multiplex test was excluded from further evaluation. the various assays differed considerably in sensitivity and specificit ...200818272350
high-resolution genotyping of campylobacter species by use of pcr and high-throughput mass spectrometry.in this work we report on a high-throughput mass spectrometry-based technique for the rapid high-resolution identification of campylobacter jejuni strain types. this method readily distinguishes c. jejuni from c. coli, has a resolving power comparable to that of multilocus sequence typing (mlst), is applicable to mixtures, and is highly automated. the strain typing approach is based on high-performance mass spectrometry, which "weighs" pcr amplicons with enough mass accuracy to unambiguously det ...200818272701
development of a strain-specific molecular method for quantitating individual campylobacter strains in mixed populations.the identification of sites resulting in cross-contamination of poultry flocks in the abattoir and determination of the survival and persistence of campylobacters at these sites are essential for the development of intervention strategies aimed at reducing the microbial burden on poultry at retail. a novel molecule-based method, using strain- and genus-specific oligonucleotide probes, was developed to detect and enumerate specific campylobacter strains in mixed populations. strain-specific oligo ...200818281428
a temperature-regulated campylobacter jejuni gluconate dehydrogenase is involved in respiration-dependent energy conservation and chicken colonization.campylobacter jejuni is a gastrointestinal pathogen of humans but can asymptomatically colonize the avian gut. c. jejuni therefore grows at both 37 degrees c and 42 degrees c, the internal temperatures of humans and birds respectively. microarray and proteomic studies on temperature regulation in c. jejuni strain 81-176 revealed the upregulation at 42 degrees c of two proteins, cj0414 and cj0415, orthologous to gluconate dehydrogenase (gadh) from pectobacterium cypripedii. 81-176 demonstrated ga ...200818284594
differences in virulence attributes between cytolethal distending toxin positive and negative campylobacter jejuni strains.campylobacter jejuni is a common gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen. although cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is proposed to be an important virulence determinant of this pathogen, how cdt(+) and cdt(-) strains differ in their biological properties remains largely unknown. the virulence properties of cdt(+) and cdt(-) strains were studied on hela cells and in the suckling mouse model. presence of the cdtb gene in campylobacter species was determined by pcr. five each of cdt(+) and cdt(-) c. j ...200818287287
prevalence of virulence genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheal patients in bangladesh.from 300 stool samples, 58 campylobacter strains were isolated by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. of these, 40 strains were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 5 as campylobacter coli. the presence of flaa (100%), cadf (100%), racr (100%), dnaj (100%), plda (100%), ciab (95%), virb11 (0%), ceue (82.5%), cdta (97.5%), cdtb (97.5%), cdtc (97.5%), and wlan (7.5%) genes was detected in c. jejuni by pcr. all c. jejuni strains but one produced cytolethal distending toxin in a hela ...200818287317
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler flocks in iceland 2001-2005.minimum inhibitory concentrations of six antimicrobial agents were determined for one campylobacter sp. isolate from each of the 362 campylobacter-positive commercial chicken flocks in iceland in the years 2001-2005. of all isolates tested, 6.9% were resistant, although none were multiresistant. resistance to ampicillin was most commonly observed (3.6%) followed by resistance to enrofloxacin (3%), nalidixic acid (1.9%), and oxytetracyclin (0.3%), with cross-resistance between enrofloxacin and na ...200818321203
antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry.this paper reviews the present state of antimicrobial resistance (amr) in the zoonotic bacteria salmonella, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, and in escherichia coli from chickens and turkeys. for salmonella, the frequencies and patterns of amr vary depending on time, region, serovar, the particular farm, layers versus broilers, and the antimicrobial agent. there is usually a higher frequency of amr in salmonella from turkeys compared with salmonella from chickens. clonal and horizont ...200819102788
demographic determinants for campylobacter infection in england and wales: implications for future epidemiological studies.despite a significant public health burden the epidemiology of human campylobacter infection remains blurred. the identification of demographic determinants for campylobacter infection is therefore essential for identifying potential areas for intervention. demographic data from an active, population-based sentinel surveillance system for campylobacter infection (from 2000 until 2003, n=15 907) were compared with appropriate denominator data from the 2001 united kingdom census. incidence was hig ...200819000328
campylobacter enteritis in children in northern taiwan--a 7-year experience.campylobacter infection is recognized as a major cause of acute enteritis in humans. the clinical characteristics may vary in different countries. this study investigated the clinical manifestations of pediatric campylobacter enteritis in a medical center in northern taiwan.200819122923
occurrence and characterization of campylobacter in the brazilian production and processing of broilers.twenty-two commercial broiler flocks and their carcasses, totaling 546 samples (450 collected from a poultry farm and 96 from a slaughterhouse), were surveyed for the presence of campylobacter. the positive results for campylobacter among the analyzed samples were homogeneous, yielding 81.8% for cecal droppings, 80.9% for feces, and 80.4% for cloacal swabs. pre-enrichment and direct plating showed that 77.85% and 81.8% of cloacal swabs, respectively, were positive for campylobacter compared to 9 ...200819166063
evidence of cross-contamination by campylobacter spp. of broiler carcasses using genetic characterization of isolates.campylobacter is recognized as one of the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and is frequently isolated from the small intestines and ceca microflora of chickens. twenty-one out of 81 campylobacter-positive poultry flocks were selected to evaluate the genetic diversity of campylobacter isolates and to study the distribution of genotypes among flocks. campylobacter isolates recovered from chicken carcasses and ceca were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). little diversit ...200819086371
[annual changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from acute diarrheic patients].two hundred thirty-one campylobacter were isolated from acute diarrheic patients between january 2001 and december 2005. we evaluated annual changes in identified species of campylobacter and their susceptibilities against antibiotics. campylobacter jejuni (219 strains; 94.8%) and campylobacter coli (12 strains; 5.2%) were identified to the species. susceptibilities to four antimicrobial agents, minocycline (mino), levofloxacin (lvfx), erythromycin (em) and clindamycin (cldm) were examined. the ...200819086420
trends of norfloxacin and erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni/campylobacter coli isolates recovered from international travelers, 1994 to 2006.campylobacter sp. is a major cause of bacterial enterocolitis and travelers' diarrhea. empiric treatment regimens include fluoroquinolones and macrolides.200819090796
multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and fla short variable region typing of clonal complexes of campylobacter jejuni strains of human, bovine, and poultry origins in luxembourg.campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in luxembourg, with a marked seasonal peak during summer. the majority of these infections are thought to be sporadic, and the relative contribution of potential sources and reservoirs is still poorly understood. we monitored human cases from june to september 2006 (n = 124) by molecular characterization of isolates with the aim of rapidly detecting temporally related cases. in addition, isolates from poultry meat (n = 36 ...200818931296
influence of long time storage in mineral water on rna stability of pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli after heat inactivation.research of rna viability markers was previously studied for many bacterial species. few and different targets of each species have been checked and motley results can be found in literature. no research has been done about pseudomonas aeruginosa in this way.200818941615
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter coli isolates from swine.eighty-three swine isolates of campylobacter coli were tested for mechanisms underlying resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. four isolates harbored class 1 integrons but none carried class 2 and 3 integrons. most of the tetracycline-resistant isolates (97%) possessed tet(o). a thr-86-ile substitution in gyra and an a-2230-g mutation in 23s rrna were the main resistance mechanisms for quinolones and erythromycin, respectively.200818945505
pediatric campylobacteriosis in northern taiwan from 2003 to 2005.there has been a marked increase in the incidence of, and concern regarding, human campylobacter jejuni and c. coli infections worldwide during the last decade. as the highest infectious disease control apparatus in taiwan, we aimed to describe the character of campylobacter isolates from infected children, as well as basic information about the patients, from december 2003 to february 2005.200818973701
genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action.lactobacilli have been crucial for the production of fermented products for centuries. they are also members of the mutualistic microbiota present in the human gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. recently, increasing attention has been given to their probiotic, health-promoting capacities. many human intervention studies demonstrating health effects have been published. however, as not all studies resulted in positive outcomes, scientific interest arose regarding the precise mechanisms of act ...200819052326
helicobacter pylori hopq outer membrane protein attenuates bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells.helicobacter pylori genomes contain about 30 hop genes that encode outer membrane proteins. helicobacter pylori hopq alleles exhibit a high level of genetic diversity, and two families of hopq alleles have been described. type i hopq alleles are found more commonly in cag-positive h. pylori strains from patients with peptic ulcer disease than in cag-negative strains from patients without ulcer disease. in this study, we mutated hopq in four h. pylori strains that each contained a type i hopq all ...200819065710
[evaluation of usefulness of commercial recomwell campylobacter enzyme--linked immunosorbent assays for routine serodiagnosis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections].the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa recomwell campylobacter) from mikrogen was evaluated for the diagnosis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections. serum samples from 20 healthy controls, 44 persons with symptoms of primary campylobacter infection and 24 serum samples from patients with yersinia enterocolitica or salmonella infections were tested. this elisa assay detects iga and igg antibodies against three recombinant antigens of the campyloba ...200819382600
case-case analysis of enteric diseases with routine surveillance data: potential use and example results.case-control studies and outbreak investigations are the major epidemiological tools for providing detailed information on enteric disease sources and risk factors, but these investigations can be constrained by cost and logistics.200818976484
dna mimics for the rapid identification of microorganisms by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish).fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a well-established technique that is used for a variety of purposes, ranging from pathogen detection in clinical diagnostics to the determination of chromosomal stability in stem cell research. the key step of fish involves the detection of a nucleic acid region and as such, dna molecules have typically been used to probe for the sequences of interest. however, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of laboratories have started to move on ...200819325728
cryptic plasmids isolated from campylobacter strains represent multiple, novel incompatibility groups.three small, cryptic plasmids from the multi-drug-resistant (mdr) campylobacter coli strain rm2228 and one small, cryptic plasmid from the mdr campylobacter jejuni strain rm1170 were sequenced and characterized. pcc2228-1 has some similarity to firmicutes repl family plasmids that replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism. pcc2228-2 is a theta-replicating, iteron-containing plasmid (icp) that is a member of the same incompatibility (inc) group as previously described campylobacter shuttle vectors ...200717064774
longitudinal study of finnish campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from humans, using multilocus sequence typing, including comparison with epidemiological data and isolates from poultry and cattle.we describe a study on the application of multilocus sequence typing for the analysis of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from human domestically acquired infections in the helsinki-uusimaa area of finland in 1996, 2002, and 2003. in addition, isolates from poultry meat and fecal samples of cattle from the seasonal peak (july to september) in 2003 were included in the study. in total, 361 finnish c. jejuni and c. coli strains were typed. sequence type 45 (st-45) (45%), st-21 (21%), and ...200717085689
role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections in bosnia and herzegovina: laboratory-based study.to investigate genetic diversity and specificity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from humans, retail poultry meat, and live farm chickens in zenica-doboj canton, bosnia and herzegovina, and identify the role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections.200718074419
antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanisms in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world and infections with these organisms occur more frequently than do infections due to salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli 0157:h7. the incidence of human campylobacter infections has increased markedly in both developed and developing countries worldwide and, more significantly, so has the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant campylobacte ...200718031331
gastrointestinal disease in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques is characterized by proinflammatory dysregulation of the interleukin-6-janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription3 pathway.gastrointestinal disease and inflammation are common sequelae of human and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction remain unclear. we investigated regulation of the interleukin (il)-6-jak-stat3 pathway in jejunum and colon, collected at necropsy, from 10 siv-infected macaques with diarrhea (group 1), 10 non-siv-infected macaques with diarrhea (group 2), and 7 control uninfected macaques (group 3). all group 1 ...200718055558
multiplex pcr for direct identification of campylobacter spp. in human and chicken stools.differentiation between campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli is problematic in clinical specimens due to fastidious growth requirements and limited biochemical tests. this study describes a rapid, multiplex pcr protocol for the direct detection and differentiation of c. jejuni and c. coli in stools. an evaluation was carried out of this multiplex protocol based on the detection of cadf (genus specific), and hipo (c. jejuni) and asp (c. coli) genes, using stool from patients with campyloba ...200717893173
composite sequence proteomic analysis of protein biomarkers of campylobacter coli, c. lari and c. concisus for bacterial identification.protein biomarkers observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (maldi-tof-ms) of cell lysates of three strains of campylobacter coli, two strains of c. lari and one strain of c. concisus have been identified by 'bottom-up' proteomic techniques. the significant findings are as follows. first, the protein biomarkers identified were: phna-related protein, 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (dmpi)-related protein, nifu-like protein, cytochrome c, dna-binding pro ...200717893805
prevalence and strain diversity of thermophilic campylobacters in cattle, sheep and swine farms.to determine prevalence and strain diversity of thermophilic campylobacters in healthy ruminants and swine.200717897201
quantification and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in raw chicken meats using a real-time pcr method.campylobacter species are one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. the consumption of foods contaminated with two campylobacter species, c. jejuni and c. coli, is usually associated with most of the infections in humans. in this study, a rapid, reliable, and sensitive multiplex real-time quantitative pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection, identification, and quantification of c. jejuni and c. coli. in addition, the developed method was applied to the 50 ...200717900077
predictive model for inactivation of campylobacter spp. by heat and high hydrostatic pressure.campylobacter represents one of the leading causes of foodborne enteritis. poultry and its products frequently transmit the pathogen. the objective of the present study was to model predictively the short-term inactivation of campylobacter in a ready-to-eat poultry product to develop an economic high-pressure treatment. we inactivated baroresistant strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, grown to stationary phase on nutrient agar and inoculated in poultry meat slurry, by heat and ...200717900078
spontaneous mutation frequency and emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.we analysed the contribution of spontaneous mutation frequency to the evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance and the diversity of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyra and in the intergenic region, cmer-cmea, of the cmeabc efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.200717911389
campylobacter flagella: not just for motility.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are among the major causes of diarrheal disease worldwide. the motility imparted by the polar flagella of these pathogens is required for colonization of the mucus lining of the gastrointestinal tract. however, recent studies have revealed a more complex role for flagella in campylobacter pathogenesis that includes the ability to secrete non-flagellar proteins that modulate virulence and the co-regulation of secreted and non-secreted virulence factors ...200717920274
expanding the helicobacter pylori genetic toolbox: modification of an endogenous plasmid for use as a transcriptional reporter and complementation vector.helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen. however, the study of this organism is often limited by a relative shortage of genetic tools. in an effort to expand the methods available for genetic study, an endogenous h. pylori plasmid was modified for use as a transcriptional reporter and as a complementation vector. this was accomplished by addition of an escherichia coli origin of replication, a kanamycin resistance cassette, a promoterless gfpmut3 gene, and a functional multiple clonin ...200717921278
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