Publications

genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain 327, a strain isolated from a turkey slaughterhouse.	campylobacter is one of the leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis and has a high prevalence in poultry. campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 327 is a subspecies of the genus campylobacter of the family campylobacteraceae in the phylum proteobacteria. the microaerophilic, spiral shaped, catalase positive bacterium obtains energy from the metabolism of amino acids and krebs cycle intermediates. strain 327 was isolated from a turkey slaughter production line and is considered environmentally s ...	2011	21677848
hygienic quality and antibiotic resistance profile of sliced butchery.	in order to investigate the microbiological quality of different meat products on the greek market, 200 samples were collected from the following preparations: boiled turkey (n=50), boiled pork ham (n=50), smoked turkey (n=50) and smoked pork ham (n=50). in all cold meat preparations clostridium perfringens vegetative and spore forms, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and other clostridium sp lec(-), as well as lactobacillus, bacillus sp. and salmonella sp. were recovered. for instance bac ...	2011	21722746
the prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in domestic 'backyard' poultry in canterbury, new zealand.	campylobacteriosis is the most commonly notified illness in new zealand. whilst the importance of commercial poultry in campylobacteriosis is well established, little is known about the possible role of chickens kept at home as a direct animal/faecal contact or consumption exposure pathway. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in domestic backyard chicken flocks in the canterbury region of new zealand. poultry faecal samples were colle ...	2011	21824372
detection of campylobacter concisus and other campylobacter species in colonic biopsies from adults with ulcerative colitis.	the critical role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (uc) is well recognized, but an individual causative microorganism has not been singled out so far. campylobacter concisus and other non-jejuni species of campylobacter have been implicated as putative aetiological agents in inflammatory bowel disease in children, but such studies have not been addressed in adults. this study investigated the prevalence of campylobacter species in colonic biopsy samples from adults with uc a ...	2011	21738679
structure and mechanism of rnd-type multidrug efflux pumps.		2011	21692366
Occurrence of virulence genes among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from domestic animals and children.	The presence of the flaA, cadF, cdtB and iam genes of Campylobacter spp. was determined with the PCR method. The materials to investigate were 56 C. jejuni and 23 C. coli strains isolated from clinical samples (children and domestic animals). It was found that all of the Campylobacter spp. isolates from children with diarrhoea and domestic animals had cadF gene, responsible for adherence. The flaA gene was present in all Campylobacter spp. isolates derived from children and cats. Occurrence of f ...	2011	21721403
biosecurity-based interventions and strategies to reduce campylobacter spp. on poultry farms.	the prevention and control of campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. a critical review of the literature on interventions to control campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the united kingdom poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from worldwide literature. multiple electronic databases were em ...	2011	21984249
Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken on retail sale in the republic of Ireland.	To assess the current risks to consumers from Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken products sold in the Republic of Ireland, a retail survey was undertaken to define their prevalence. Samples (n = 510) were analyzed using protocols based on ISO 10272-1:2006 and ISO 6579:2002. Processor codes on pack labels showed that 67% of samples were produced in the Republic of Ireland and 25% in the United Kingdom. Salmonella was present in 5.1% of samples, but the eight serovars found caused less t ...	2011	22054193
occurrences of thermophilic campylobacter in pigs slaughtered at morogoro slaughter slabs, tanzania.	occurrences of thermophlic campylobacter in pigs and pig carcasses was investigated in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in three selected slaughter slabs in morogoro municipality, tanzania. before sampling, the slab hygiene, slaughter, carcass dressing, and meat handling was assessed. fecal samples were collected from 66 slaughter pigs at the kill floor. after slaughter, a 100-cm(2) area on medial surface of the thigh muscles of dressed carcasses was sampled using sterile cotton swab ...	2011	20730490
human isolates of cronobacter sakazakii bind efficiently to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro to induce monolayer permeability and apoptosis.	cronobacter sakazakii (cs) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in infants. this pathogen has been implicated in the outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) with associated rates of high mortality and morbidity. in this study, we compared the abilities of cs strains isolated from human and environmental sources to bind to intestinal epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis.	2011	22221600
human isolates of cronobacter sakazakii bind efficiently to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro to induce monolayer permeability and apoptosis.	cronobacter sakazakii (cs) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in infants. this pathogen has been implicated in the outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) with associated rates of high mortality and morbidity. in this study, we compared the abilities of cs strains isolated from human and environmental sources to bind to intestinal epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis.	2011	22221600
identification of genes involved in the glycosylation of modified viosamine of flagellins in pseudomonas syringae by mass spectrometry.	previously we revealed that flagellin proteins in pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (pta 6605) were glycosylated with a trisaccharide, modified viosamine (mvio)-rhamnose-rhamnose and that glycosylation was required for virulence. we further identified some glycosylation-related genes, including vioa, viob, viot, fgt1, and fgt2. in this study, we newly identified vior and viom in a so-called viosamine island as biosynthetic genes for glycosylation of mvio in pta 6605 by the mass spectrometry ( ...	2011	24710292
defining the causes of diarrhea: novel approaches.	diarrheal disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, defining the microbiologic causes are challenging due to the large number of potential enteropathogens that require testing, insensitivity of existing conventional methods, the frequent occurrence of mixed infections, and high rates of background carriage in many communities.	2011	21844805
inadequacies of minimum spanning trees in molecular epidemiology.	minimum spanning trees (msts) are frequently used in molecular epidemiology research to estimate relationships among individual strains or isolates. nevertheless, there are significant caveats to mst algorithms that have been largely ignored in molecular epidemiology studies and that have the potential to confound or alter the interpretation of the results of those analyses. specifically, (i) presenting a single, arbitrarily selected mst illustrates only one of potentially many equally optimal s ...	2011	21849692
cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages.	cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a heterotrimeric ab-type genotoxin produced by several clinically important gram-negative mucocutaneous bacterial pathogens. irrespective of the bacterial species of origin, cdt causes characteristic and irreversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a broad range of cultured mammalian cell lineages. the active subunit cdtb has structural homology with the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes including mammalian dnase i, and alone is necessary and sufficient ...	2011	21565933
a comparison between hippurate hydrolysis and multiplex pcr for differentiating campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.	species identification is important for epidemiological, clinical and treatment purposes. the aim of this study was to find out whether hippurate hydrolysis is a reliable test for differentiating between campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. to achieve this, hippurate hydrolysis test was compared with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) for their ability to speciate c. coli and c. jejuni. eighteen campylobacter strains from poultry samples were used for this study. the results from ...	2011	24575212
evolution of the oligopeptide transporter family.	the oligopeptide transporter (opt) family of peptide and iron-siderophore transporters includes members from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but with restricted distribution in the latter domain. eukaryotic members were found only in fungi and plants with a single slime mold homologue clustering with the fungal proteins. all functionally characterized eukaryotic peptide transporters segregate from the known iron-siderophore transporters on a phylogenetic tree. prokaryotic members are widespread, ...	2011	21347612
microbial efflux pump inhibition: tactics and strategies.	traditional antimicrobials are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. to overcome these deficiencies, a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections are under investigation as potential alternative treatments. multidrug efflux is a key target of these efforts. efflux mechanisms are broadly recognized as major components of resistance to many classes of chemotherapeutic agents as well as antimicrobials. efflux occurs due to ...	2011	21470111
risk assessment of growth hormones and antimicrobial residues in meat.	growth promoters including hormonal substances and antibiotics are used legally and illegally in food producing animals for the growth promotion of livestock animals. hormonal substances still under debate in terms of their human health impacts are estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, zeranol, trenbolone, and melengestrol acetate (mga) . many of the risk assessment results of natural steroid hormones have presented negligible impacts when they are used under good veterinary practices. for ...	2010	24278538
molecular characterization of the 16s rrna gene of helicobacter fennelliae isolated from stools and blood cultures from paediatric patients in south africa.	forty strains of h. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in cape town, south africa, were amplified by pcr of the 16s rrna. two distinct genotypes of h. fennelliae were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. this was confirmed by sequencing a portion of the beta subunit of the rna polymerase (rpob) gene. all isolates from south africa clustered with a proposed novel helicobacter strain (accession number af237612) iso ...	2010	22567323
molecular characterization of the 16s rrna gene of helicobacter fennelliae isolated from stools and blood cultures from paediatric patients in south africa.	forty strains of h. fennelliae collected from paediatric blood and stool samples over an 18 year period at a children's hospital in cape town, south africa, were amplified by pcr of the 16s rrna. two distinct genotypes of h. fennelliae were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. this was confirmed by sequencing a portion of the beta subunit of the rna polymerase (rpob) gene. all isolates from south africa clustered with a proposed novel helicobacter strain (accession number af237612) iso ...	2010	22567323
tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog.	toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ...	2010	21110998
tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog.	toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ...	2010	21110998
flagellin as an adjuvant: cellular mechanisms and potential.	flagellin is a potent activator of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant, as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate cell types, trigger a generalized recruitment of t and b lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid sites, and activate tlr5(+)cd11c(+) cells and t lymphocytes in a manner that is distinct from cognate ag recognition. the plasticity ...	2010	21048152
successful treatment of cryptosporidiosis in 2 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) by using paromomycin.	two pair-housed, 1-y-old common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) had intermittent loose feces and weight loss for approximately 2 mo. cryptosporidum parvum was identified by elisa in the feces of both animals. cbc and blood chemistry values, including liver enzymes, were within normal range. both marmosets were treated with the antibiotic paromomycin (15 mg/kg po) twice daily for 28 d. resolution of clinical signs coincided with treatment. three follow-up samples, taken 2 wk apart after treatment ...	2010	21205457
simultaneous screening of 24 target genes of foodborne pathogens in 35 foodborne outbreaks using multiplex real-time sybr green pcr analysis.	a set of 8 multiplex real-time sybr green pcr (sg-pcr) assays including 3 target primers and an internal amplification control (iac) primer was simultaneously evaluated in 3 h or less with regard to detection of 24 target genes of 23 foodborne pathogens in 7 stool specimens of foodborne outbreak using a 96-well reaction plate. this assay, combined with dna extraction (qiaamp dna stool mini kit), offered detection of greater than 10(3)-10(4) foodborne pathogens per g in stool specimens. the produ ...	2010	20936159
solexaqa: at-a-glance quality assessment of illumina second-generation sequencing data.	illumina's second-generation sequencing platform is playing an increasingly prominent role in modern dna and rna sequencing efforts. however, rapid, simple, standardized and independent measures of run quality are currently lacking, as are tools to process sequences for use in downstream applications based on read-level quality data.	2010	20875133
microbial diagnostic microarray for food- and water-borne pathogens.	a microbial diagnostic microarray for the detection of the most relevant bacterial food- and water-borne pathogens and indicator organisms was developed and thoroughly validated. the microarray platform based on sequence-specific end labelling of oligonucleotides and the pyhylogenetically robust gyrb marker gene allowed a highly specific (resolution on genus/species level) and sensitive (0.1% relative and 10(4) cfu absolute detection sensitivity) detection of the target pathogens. validation was ...	2010	21255342
methods for determining disease burden and calibrating national surveillance data in the united kingdom: the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community (iid2 study).	infectious intestinal disease (iid), usually presenting as diarrhoea and vomiting, is frequently preventable. though often mild and self-limiting, its commonness makes iid an important public health problem. in the mid 1990s around 1 in 5 people in england suffered from iid a year, costing around pound0.75 billion. no routine information source describes the uk's current community burden of iid. we present here the methods for a study to determine rates and aetiology of iid in the community, pre ...	2010	20444246
characterization of erythromycin-resistant porcine isolates of campylobacter coli.	erythromycin-resistant campylobacter organisms were isolated from swine, and their resistance to the antibiotic was characterized. one hundred fourteen campylobacter organisms were isolated from 572 swine intestinal samples. all isolates were identified as campylobacter coli by sequence analysis of 16s rrna gene and polymerase chain reactions with primers specific to hippuricase gene in campylobacter jejuni and aspartokinase gene in c. coli. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of erythromyc ...	2010	20735175
obstacles of multiplex real-time pcr for bacterial 16s rdna: primer specifity and dna decontamination of taq polymerase.	background: the detection of a broad range of bacteria by pcr is applied for the screening of blood and blood products with special attention to platelet concentrates. for practical use it is desirable that detection systems include gram-positive, gram-negative and non-gram-stainable bacteria. it is quite challenging to achieve high sensitivity along with a clear negative control with pcr reagents, because especially taq polymerase is contaminated with traces of bacterial dna. methods: bacterial ...	2010	20737013
the glycerophospho metabolome and its influence on amino acid homeostasis revealed by brain metabolomics of gde1(-/-) mice.	gde1 is a mammalian glycerophosphodiesterase (gde) implicated by in vitro studies in the regulation of glycerophophoinositol (gropins) and possibly other glycerophospho (grop) metabolites. here, we show using untargeted metabolomics that gropins is profoundly (>20-fold) elevated in brain tissue from gde1(-/-) mice. furthermore, two additional grop metabolites not previously identified in eukaryotic cells, glycerophosphoserine (gropser) and glycerophosphoglycerate (gropgate), were also highly ele ...	2010	20797612
the in vivo efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni in chickens.	poultry meat is one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, an acute bacterial enteritis which is a major problem worldwide. campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni are the most common campylobacter species associated with this disease. these pathogens live in the intestinal tract of most avian species and under commercial conditions they spread rapidly to infect a high proportion of the flock, which makes their treatment and prevention very difficult. bacteriophages (phag ...	2010	20809975
comparison of premier campy enzyme immunoassay (eia), prospect campylobacter eia, and immunocard stat! campy tests with culture for laboratory diagnosis of campylobacter enteric infections.	campylobacter enteritis is a food-borne or waterborne illness caused almost exclusively by campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by campylobacter coli. these organisms produce indistinguishable clinical diseases and together represent the second most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the united states and the leading cause of enteric infection throughout the world. the conventional approach to the laboratory diagnosis of campylobacter enteritis is based on the recovery of the organis ...	2010	20810765
fragmentation of the large subunit ribosomal rna gene in oyster mitochondrial genomes.	discontinuous genes have been observed in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts. gene discontinuity occurs in multiple forms: the two most frequent forms result from introns that are spliced out of the rna and the resulting exons are spliced together to form a single transcript, and fragmented gene transcripts that are not covalently attached post-transcriptionally. within the past few years, fragmented ribosomal rna (rrna) genes have been discovered in bilatera ...	2010	20813041
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and enteric helicobacter in domestic and free living birds in north-western italy.	in order to investigate the prevalence of some thermophilic campylobacter (c. jejuni and c. coli) and enteric helicobacter (h. pullorum and h. canadensis) in domestic and wild birds, a total of 278 bird caecal samples were analyzed over a 2 year period in north-western italy. samples were collected from poultry raised in intensive farming at the slaughterhouse (n=102, group a) and in small scale rural farms (n=60, group b) as well as from wild birds (n=116, group c). pcr amplifications were carr ...	2010	20814861
prevalence, antibiograms, and transferable tet(o) plasmid of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from raw chicken, pork, and human clinical cases in korea.	the antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of the transferable tet(o) plasmid were investigated in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from raw chicken, pork, and humans with clinical campylobacteriosis. a total of 180 c. jejuni and c. coli isolates were identified, and the prevalence rates of c. jejuni and c. coli in raw chicken samples were 83% (83 of 100) and 73% (73 of 100), respectively. twelve percent (6 of 50) and 10% (5 of 50) of pork samples were contaminated wit ...	2010	20819352
survival of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on retail broiler meat stored at -20, 4, or 12 degrees c and development of weibull models for survival.	survival of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from broiler meat was investigated and modeled on retail breast meat. meat portions were inoculated with c. jejuni or c. coli at 6.4 to 6.8 log cfu/g followed by storage at -20 degrees c for 84 days or at 4 or 12 degrees c for 14 days. kinetic data within a species and temperature were fitted to the weibull model. when >or=70% of the residuals were in an acceptable prediction zone from -1 (fail-safe) to 0.5 (fail-dangerous) log uni ...	2010	20819353
differences in methylation at gatc sites in genomic dna of campylobacter coli from turkeys and swine.	a significant fraction (46/108, 43%) of swine isolates of campylobacter coli but none of 81 isolates of c. coli from turkeys had genomic dna that was resistant to digestion by mboi, suggesting methylation of adenines at gatc sites. no consistent association was noted between antimicrobial resistance and mboi resistance. seven swine-associated multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (sts) were detected among multiple isolates with mboi-resistant dna. the data suggest host-associated dna m ...	2010	20833787
ribosomal operon intergenic sequence region (isr) heterogeneity in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.	the intergenic sequence regions (isr) between the 16s and 23s genes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are markedly different for each species. however, in the genomic sequence for camp. coli rm2228, two rrna operons have an isr that is characteristic of camp. coli, and the third operon is characteristic of camp. jejuni. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of isr heterogeneity in these organisms.	2010	20849393
direction of neutrophil movements by campylobacter-infected intestinal epithelium.	campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli together represent the leading bacterial cause of human enteritis. however, the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. infection results in the formation of crypt abscesses resulting from the migration of neutrophils across the intestinal epithelium and into the intestinal crypts. in this study, we model this process in vitro and show that campylobacter infection of epithelium results in a quantifiable increase in the directed movement of n ...	2010	20934530
evolution and population structure of salmonella enterica serovar newport.	salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because s. newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (mdr), including third-generation cephalosporins (mdr-ampc phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. we analyzed 384 s. newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. these were compared to the populatio ...	2010	20935094
prevalence and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat in korea, 2004–2008.	campylobacteriosis in humans is primarily caused by handling or consuming contaminated poultry or their products. the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in domestic and imported poultry meat in korea and to further characterize the obtained isolates. from 2004 to 2008, a total of 475 domestic and 867 imported raw poultry meat samples were examined for the presence of campylobacter spp. among 475 domestic poultry meat samples, campylobacter jejuni and campylo ...	2010	20939742
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from retail meat in the united states between 2002 and 2007.	the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. has been a growing public health concern globally. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of campylobacter spp. recovered by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) retail meat program. retail meat samples (n = 24,566) from 10 u.s. states collected between 2002 and 2007, consisting of 6,138 chicken breast, 6,109 ground turkey, 6,171 ...	2010	20971875
temperature affects sole carbon utilization patterns of campylobacter coli 49941.	campylobacter spp. are small, asaccharolytic bacteria exhibiting unique nutritional and environmental requirements. campylobacter spp. exist as commensal organisms in some animal species, yet are estimated to be the most common causative agents of foodborne illness in humans. c. jejuni is most often associated with poultry, while c. coli are more frequently associated with swine. temperature has been suggested to trigger potential colonization or virulence factors in c. jejuni, and recent studie ...	2010	20981547
molecular characterization and environmental mapping of campylobacter isolates in a subset of intensive poultry flocks in ireland.	irish breeder and intensive broiler flocks together with the corresponding poultry farm environment were sampled for the presence of campylobacter with the aim of identifying potential sources and transmission routes of poultry flock contamination. the genetic diversity of a subset of campylobacter isolates was examined by analysis of the flaa-short variable region (svr). additional discrimination for a further subset of these isolates was achieved using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysi ...	2010	21039133
detection of gyra mutation among clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni isolated in egypt by mama-pcr.	campylobacter spp are the major cause of enteritis in humans and more than 90% of reported infections are caused by campylobacter jejuni. fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are the antibiotics of choice for treatment. an increase in the frequency of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter has been reported globally due to a single base mutation (c-257 to t) in codon 86 of the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene altering the amino acid sequence from threonine at posi ...	2010	21045366
campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission.	crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. we investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated campylobacter populations.	2010	21059158
campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission.	crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. we investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated campylobacter populations.	2010	21059158
prevalence, numbers and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. in retail poultry in phnom penh, cambodia.	salmonella and campylobacter are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastro-enteritis; and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. to evaluate whether the salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. bacteria could be monitored for the purpose of microbial presence, enumeration and antimicrobial resistance in raw poultry, 152 poultry carcasses were randomly selected from 10 markets in retail outlets of phnom penh during march 2006 to february 2007. the m ...	2010	21060246
microbiological quality of blue mussels (mytilus edulis) in nunavik, quebec: a pilot study.	this pilot study was aimed at documenting the presence of fecal indicators and enteric pathogens in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from 6 communities in nunavik, quebec. one to four 2 kg samples of mussels were collected at low tide in each community. samples were investigated by enumeration methods for the fecal indicators enterococci, escherichia coli, f-specific coliphages, clostridium perfringens, and by molecular identification for the pathogens norovirus, salmonella spp., campylobacter jeju ...	2010	21076488
phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of campylobacter coli within individual pigs at farm and slaughter in the us.	the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of multiple campylobacter isolates (n = 3 per sample) present within individual (heterogeneity) pig faecal and carcass samples at farm and slaughter, respectively. we isolated 1459 campylobacter coli (1110 on farm and 349 from slaughter) from 908 pigs and 757 carcasses and characterized them for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to a panel of six antimicrobials using the agar dilution method. overall, we detec ...	2010	21083823
independent evolution of the core and accessory gene sets in the genus neisseria: insights gained from the genome of neisseria lactamica isolate 020-06.	the genus neisseria contains two important yet very different pathogens, n. meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae, in addition to non-pathogenic species, of which n. lactamica is the best characterized. genomic comparisons of these three bacteria will provide insights into the mechanisms and evolution of pathogenesis in this group of organisms, which are applicable to understanding these processes more generally.	2010	21092259
enteric campylobacteria and rna viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the chinook health region of southwestern alberta, canada.	the presence of campylobacter species and enteric rna viruses in stools from diarrheic (n = 442) and healthy (n = 58) humans living in southwestern alberta was examined (may to october 2005). a large number of diarrheic individuals who were culture negative for c. jejuni (n = 54) or c. coli (n = 19) were pcr positive for these taxa. overall detection rates for c. jejuni and c. coli in diarrheic stools were 29% and 5%, respectively. in contrast, 3% and 0% of stools from healthy humans were positi ...	2010	21106791
enteric campylobacteria and rna viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the chinook health region of southwestern alberta, canada.	the presence of campylobacter species and enteric rna viruses in stools from diarrheic (n = 442) and healthy (n = 58) humans living in southwestern alberta was examined (may to october 2005). a large number of diarrheic individuals who were culture negative for c. jejuni (n = 54) or c. coli (n = 19) were pcr positive for these taxa. overall detection rates for c. jejuni and c. coli in diarrheic stools were 29% and 5%, respectively. in contrast, 3% and 0% of stools from healthy humans were positi ...	2010	21106791
interbacterial macromolecular transfer by the campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis type iv secretion system.	we report here the first demonstration of intra- and interspecies conjugative plasmid dna transfer for campylobacter fetus. gene regions carried by a campylobacter coli plasmid were identified that are sufficient for conjugative mobilization to escherichia coli and c. fetus recipients. a broader functional range is predicted. efficient dna transfer involves the virb9 and vird4 genes of the type iv bacterial secretion system encoded by a pathogenicity island of c. fetus subsp. venerealis. complem ...	2010	21115658
typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from live broilers and retail broiler meat by flaa-rflp, mlst, pfge and rep-pcr.	we analyzed 100 campylobacter spp. isolates (c. jejuni and c. coli) from grenada, puerto rico and alabama, which were collected from live broilers or retail broiler meat. we analyzed these isolates with four molecular typing methods: restriction fragment length polymorphism of the flaa gene (flaa-rflp), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) using the diversilab system. all me ...	2010	21130125
prevalence and risk factors associated with campylobacter infections in broiler flocks in shiraz, southern iran.	campylobacter species are among the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in many countries, and poultry meat is considered as a major source of human campylobacteriosis. the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of infection by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler flocks in shiraz and to investigate the possible risk factors for the campylobacter infections in this area. for detection of campylobacter, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr ...	2010	21131089
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of campylobacter spp. isolated from conventional and antimicrobial-free swine production systems from different u.s. regions.	we conducted a study to compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of campylobacter isolated from 34 farm-slaughter pair cohorts of pigs raised in conventional and antimicrobial-free (abf) production systems. isolates originated from four different states of two geographic regions (region 1--ohio and michigan; region 2--wisconsin and iowa). a total of 838 fecal and 1173 carcass samples were examined. campylobacter isolates were speciated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction ...	2010	21133777
in vitro activity and single-step mutational analysis of rifamycin sv tested against enteropathogens associated with traveler's diarrhea and clostridium difficile.	rifamycin sv is a broad-spectrum, poorly absorbed antimicrobial agent that, when coupled with mmx technology, is being targeted for the oral treatment of traveler's diarrhea (td) and clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad). rifamycin sv was tested for activity against 911 td-associated enteropathogens and 30 c. difficile isolates collected from several global surveillance studies. rifamycin sv demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity levels against the enterobacteriaceae, with mic₅₀ v ...	2010	21149623
in vitro activity and single-step mutational analysis of rifamycin sv tested against enteropathogens associated with traveler's diarrhea and clostridium difficile.	rifamycin sv is a broad-spectrum, poorly absorbed antimicrobial agent that, when coupled with mmx technology, is being targeted for the oral treatment of traveler's diarrhea (td) and clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad). rifamycin sv was tested for activity against 911 td-associated enteropathogens and 30 c. difficile isolates collected from several global surveillance studies. rifamycin sv demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity levels against the enterobacteriaceae, with mic₅₀ v ...	2010	21149623
drinking water as the source of campylobacter coli infection in grandparent heavy breeders.	the aim of the present study was the molecular identification of a common source of infection of campylobacter coli in two grandparent breeder farms. campylobacter jejuni and c. coli were isolated from well water and cloacal swabs from grandparent chickens. colonies were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism-flaa gene, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. the same genotype of c. coli was found in both farms and in the well from which drinking water ...	2010	21154058
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in iran.	campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in human beings which are transmitted mostly via food originating from animals. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail raw meats in iran. from june 2008 to june 2009, a total of 722 raw meat samples from camel (n = 107), beef (n = 190), lamb (n = 225), and goat (n = 180) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets i ...	2010	20184450
virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.	outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ...	2010	20197500
reduction of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry skin by fruit extracts.	campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and current methods to control campylobacter contamination in foods are not completely successful. plants are a promising source of antimicrobial agents, particularly given the growing interest in "all natural" foods. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from 28 edible plants against campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was evaluated in vitro and in a poultry skin model. nine of 28 extr ...	2010	20202332
mass spectrometric analysis of ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat proteins reveals evidence of phosphorylation and absence of glycosylation.	ehrlichia chaffeensis has a small subset of immunoreactive secreted, acidic (pi approximately 4), tandem repeat (tr)-containing proteins (trps), which exhibit abnormally large electrophoretic masses that have been associated with glycosylation of the tr domain.	2010	20209062
performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory.	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ...	2010	20220166
risk factors for indigenous campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections in the netherlands: a case-control study.	a case-control study comprising 1315 campylobacter jejuni cases, 121 campylobacter coli cases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in the netherlands in 2002-2003. risk factors for both c. jejuni and c. coli enteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor for c. jejuni enteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. unique risk factors for c. coli ...	2010	20223048
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...	2010	20224816
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...	2010	20224816
epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain.	in october 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (plant a). patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). an investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness.	2010	20333310
multi-locus sequence types of campylobacter carried by flies and slugs acquired from local ruminant faeces.	to assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces.	2010	20337762
modification of the campylobacter jejuni flagellin glycan by the product of the cj1295 homopolymeric-tract-containing gene.	the campylobacter jejuni flagellin protein is o-glycosylated with structural analogues of the nine-carbon sugar pseudaminic acid. the most common modifications in the c. jejuni 81-176 strain are the 5,7-di-n-acetylated derivative (pse5ac7ac) and an acetamidino-substituted version (pse5am7ac). other structures detected include o-acetylated and n-acetylglutamine-substituted derivatives (pse5am7ac8oac and pse5am7ac8glnnac, respectively). recently, a derivative of pseudaminic acid modified with a di ...	2010	20338909
growth phase-dependent activation of the dccrs regulon of campylobacter jejuni.	two-component systems are widespread prokaryotic signal transduction devices which allow the regulation of cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. the two-component system dccrs (cj1223c-cj1222c) of campylobacter jejuni is important for the colonization of chickens. here, we dissect the dccrs system in more detail and provide evidence that the sensor dccs selectively phosphorylates the cognate effector, dccr. microarray expression profiling, real-time reverse transcr ...	2010	20348251
the internal transcribed spacer region, a new tool for use in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships within the campylobacter genus.	the campylobacter genus consists of a number of important human and animal pathogens. although the 16s rrna gene has been used extensively for detection and identification of campylobacter species, there is currently limited information on the 23s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) region that lies between the 16s and 23s rrna genes. we examined the potential of the 23s rrna gene and the its region to be used in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships ...	2010	20348308
evidence for a lineage of virulent bacteriophages that target campylobacter.	our understanding of the dynamics of genome stability versus gene flux within bacteriophage lineages is limited. recently, there has been a renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages as 'therapeutic' agents; a prerequisite for their use in such therapies is a thorough understanding of their genetic complement, genome stability and their ecology to avoid the dissemination or mobilisation of phage or bacterial virulence and toxin genes. campylobacter, a food-borne pathogen, is one of the organi ...	2010	20353581
antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypic profile comparison of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats.	a total of 360 spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (campylobacter jejuni n = 148; campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (c. jejuni n = 114; c. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. ciprofloxacin-resistant c. jejuni was observed in 13.5% and 19% of the isolates from humans and retail chicken breasts, respectively. antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and er ...	2010	20367499
mutations in the rpsl gene are involved in streptomycin resistance in campylobacter coli.	to characterize the mechanisms of streptomycin (str) resistance in campylobacter coli, we chose 17 isolates that were resistant to str, erythromycin (ery), or both, and the putative str resistance target genes rpsl, rrs, and gidb were analyzed for mutations. the presence of the aade gene encoding aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase was also evaluated. to reveal putative connection between ery and str resistance mechanisms, 13 c. coli isolates initially susceptible to str and ery were exposed to ...	2010	20370506
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in iran.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses during different stages of broiler processing in a major commercial poultry processing plant in southwestern iran. overall, 84 chicken carcasses were sampled from 4 sites along the processing line during a total of 7 visits. in addition, 14 water samples from the chiller tank were taken. using the cultural method, 186 of 336 (55.4%) carcasses were positiv ...	2010	20371855
prevalence and biomolecular characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meat.	we estimated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail meat (n = 352 samples; 104 chicken, 106 pork, and 142 beef) collected in campobasso, italy, comparing two microbiological methods. all the isolates were characterized by biomolecular techniques for epidemiological purposes. campylobacter isolation was performed by selective culture and membrane filtration methods. phenotypic and genotypic methods for genus and species identification were evaluated together with antimicrobial resistance ...	2010	20377962
occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter species in surface waters of a mediterranean area and in its prevailing pollution sources.	to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in surface waters of a highly populated mediterranean area.	2010	20408911
detection of campylobacter jejuni by culture and real-time pcr in a french cohort of patients with guillain-barre syndrome.	bacteriological culture and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) were used to detect campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples from a french cohort of 237 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we provide evidence that diverse serotypes and genotypes of c. jejuni are a major trigger of gbs in france.	2010	20410350
fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples.	a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ...	2010	20453122
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens in bahir dar, ethiopia.	in this study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from chickens and humans in bahir dar, ethiopia, were analyzed. two hundred and ten human and 220 chicken samples were analyzed between october 2007 and april 2008. seventeen human and 160 chicken campylobacter species were isolated. the overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 8% and 72.7% in humans and chickens, respectively. in humans, 94.1% of the isolates were c. jej ...	2010	20482228
genotyping and pcr detection of potential virulence genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in poland.	the prevalence of potential virulence markers was determined among the population of polish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from children, chickens, pigs and dogs. the presence of the flaa, flab, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, cdtabc, virb11, and cj0588 genes among 74 c. jejuni and 15 c. coli isolates was detected by pcr. high prevalence of five different putative virulence and toxin genes (flaa, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, and cj0588) was found among isolates obtained from children, chickens and ...	2010	20490760
repeated therapeutic dosing selects macrolide-resistant campylobacter spp. in a turkey facility.	this study assessed the effects of the therapeutic use of tylan® in a large-scale turkey production facility on the selection of macrolide-resistant campylobacter.	2010	20497488
fluoroquinolone resistance detection in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by luminex xmap technology.	the proportion of campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. we developed an innovative method based on a luminex xmap dna suspension array that allows the identification of campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point mutation in the gyra gene (substitution from threonine 86 to isoleucine 86) that is responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. ninety-six campy ...	2010	20500084
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from cattle between 2002 and 2006 in france.	feces from 2,255 cattle (calves, young beef cattle, and culled cows) were collected at slaughter from nine departments across france. campylobacter was recovered from 16.5% of the 2,255 samples (c. jejuni from 12.8% and c. coli from 3.7%), predominantly from calves. antimicrobial resistance to six antibiotics of medical and/or veterinary interest was tested with the e-test. resistance to tetracycline was found in most isolates (52.8% of c. jejuni isolates and 88.1% of c. coli isolates) in contra ...	2010	20501032
investigation of water washes suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces.	water washing with a handheld hose was performed on beef surfaces to ascertain the most effective combination of methods needed to remove potentially harmful microorganisms. for these experiments, beef brisket surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni. in a pilot study, surfaces were washed with cold water (15 degrees c) at various water pressures, spray distances, applicat ...	2010	20501042
identification of campylobacter jejuni genes involved in its interaction with epithelial cells.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of infectious gastroenteritis in industrialized nations. its ability to enter and survive within nonphagocytic cells is thought to be very important for pathogenesis. however, little is known about the c. jejuni determinants that mediate these processes. through an extensive transposon mutagenesis screen, we have identified several loci that are required for c. jejuni efficient entry and survival within epithelial cells. among these loci, insertional mut ...	2010	20515930
three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture.	campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ...	2010	20519461
host association of campylobacter genotypes transcends geographic variation.	genetic attribution of bacterial genotypes has become a major tool in the investigation of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and has implicated retail chicken meat as the major source of human infection in several countries. to investigate the robustness of this approach to the provenance of the reference data sets used, a collection of 742 campylobacter jejuni and 261 campylobacter coli isolates obtained from united kingdom-sourced chicken meat was established and typed by multilocus seque ...	2010	20525862
molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from chickens and patients with gastritis or guillain-barré syndrome based on multilocus sequence types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.	campylobacter jejuni has recently been noted as the most common cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in japan. in the present study, we determined st types of c. jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from chickens and patients with enteritis or gbs in japan and thailand. c. jejuni from chickens, enteritis, and gbs exhibited divergent st types and included several novel types in addition to worldwide common types. c. coli from enteritis was also divergent. novel st types may represent unidentif ...	2010	20536735
comparison of real-time pcr assays for detection, quantification, and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler neck skin samples.	we tested the use of multiplex real-time pcr for detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on broiler carcass neck skin samples collected during 2008 from slaughterhouses in switzerland. results from an established taqman assay based on two different targets (hipo and ceue for c. jejuni and c. coli, respectively) were corroborated with data from a newly developed assay based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the fusa gene, which allows differentiation betwe ...	2010	20537260
fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter.	campylobacter is a commensal in poultry, and therefore, poultry and poultry products are major sources of campylobacter infections in humans. fluoroquinolones inhibit the growth of campylobacter and other microorganisms by binding to bacterial dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv. these enzymes are associated with bacterial transcription, replication, and chromosome condensation and segregation. selection pressure in the presence of fluoroquinolones rapidly leads to resistance in campylobacter, d ...	2010	20537275
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in children from communities in northeastern brazil: molecular detection and relation to nutritional status.	this study determined the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni/coli and its relation with nutritional status in children from northeastern brazil. this was a case-control study design. stool samples were evaluated for hipo (c. jejuni), ask (c. coli), and cdtabc (c. jejuni's cytolethal distending toxin) genes. the nutritional status from these children was assessed by anthropometric measures and z-scores. c. jejuni and c. coli were detected in 9.6% (8/83) and 6.0% (5/83) in the diarrhea group and i ...	2010	20542202
performance of the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator strips compared with the etest assay and bsac agar dilution.	the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator (m.i.c.e; thermo fisher scientific) comprises an antibiotic gradient on a plastic support. we compared its performance with etest--a similar product--using bsac agar dilution as a reference.	2010	20562429
screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (columba livia) in madrid.	pathogens with the zoonotic potential to infect humans, such as campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and chlamydophila psittaci, can be found in feral pigeons (columba livia). given the high density of these birds in the public parks and gardens of most cities, they may pose a direct threat to public health.	2010	20569487
characterization of n-linked protein glycosylation in helicobacter pullorum.	the first bacterial n-linked glycosylation system was discovered in campylobacter jejuni, and the key enzyme involved in the coupling of glycan to asparagine residues within the acceptor sequon of the glycoprotein is the oligosaccharyltransferase pglb. emerging genome sequence data have revealed that pglb orthologues are present in a subset of species from the deltaproteobacteria and epsilonproteobacteria, including three helicobacter species: h. pullorum, h. canadensis, and h. winghamensis. in ...	2010	20581208
identification and characterization of a new ferric enterobactin receptor, cfrb, in campylobacter.	the ferric enterobactin (feent) receptor cfra is present in the majority of campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another feent uptake system in campylobacter. here we have identified and characterized a new feent receptor (designated cfrb) using both in vitro and in vivo systems. cfrb, a homolog of c. jejuni nctc 11168 cj0444, shares approximately 34% of amino acid identity with ...	2010	20585060