Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| occurrence of salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes in swine. | the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of major bacterial foodborne pathogens in swine. in total, 359 samples from manure storage tanks (91) and fresh pooled faeces (268) obtained from finisher (110), sows (78) and weanlings (80) were collected and tested. campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 36.5%, 31.5%, 5.8%, 3.3% and 3.3% of samples respectively. all e. coli o157 isolates found on 10 far ... | 2010 | 19638163 |
| prokaryotic protein glycosylation is rapidly expanding from "curiosity" to "ubiquity". | 2009 | 19621412 | |
| genomic insights into the convergence and pathogenicity factors of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species. | whether or not bacteria form coherent evolutionary groups via means of genetic exchange and, hence, elicit distinct species boundaries remains an unsettled issue. a recent report implied that not only may the former be true but also, in fact, the clearly distinct campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species may be converging as a consequence of increased interspecies gene flow fostered, presumably, by the recent invasion of an overlapping ecological niche (s. k. sheppard, n. d. mccarthy, ... | 2009 | 19617370 |
| campylobacter coli naturally resistant to elevated levels of gentamicin as a marker strain in poultry research. | campylobacter inoculation studies are limited without a suitable marker strain. the lurpose of this study was to screen campylobacter strains (n=2073) obtained from poultry carcass rinses through the centers for disease control and prevention's national antimicrobial resistant monitoring system for resistance to gentamicin and evaluate one strain's efficacy as a marker. a c. coli strain was found resistant to gentamicin at >32 microg/ml. gentamicin was incorporated into media (campy-cefex agar, ... | 2009 | 19610342 |
| prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter in partridges (perdix perdix). | to estimate the prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in commercially reared partridges (perdix perdix) in southern italy. | 2009 | 19552770 |
| the dual-functioning fumarate reductase is the sole succinate:quinone reductase in campylobacter jejuni and is required for full host colonization. | campylobacter jejuni encodes all the enzymes necessary for a complete oxidative tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. because of its inability to utilize glucose, c. jejuni relies exclusively on amino acids as the source of reduced carbon, and they are incorporated into central carbon metabolism. the oxidation of succinate to fumarate is a key step in the oxidative tca cycle. c. jejuni encodes enzymes annotated as a fumarate reductase (cj0408 to cj0410) and a succinate dehydrogenase (cj0437 to cj0439) ... | 2009 | 19525346 |
| [evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli clinical isolates from poland. ii. pfge, eric-pcr, pcr-flaa-rflp and mlst]. | campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in many developed countries. we compared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene (pcr-flaa-rflp) for distinguishing 128 c. jejuni isolates and 17 c. coli clinical isolates isolated between 2006 and 2007 in poland. we also analysed seven isolates from three c. jejuni family outbrea ... | 2009 | 19517816 |
| [evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli clinical isolates from poland. i. biotyping, resistance pattern, plasmid analysis, restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid]. | a total of 128 clinical isolates of c. jejuni and 17 clinical isolates of c. coli were characterized by their plasmid profiles, susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents and the lior biotypes. we also analyzed seven isolates from three c. jejuni family outbreaks and three isolates from one c. coli family outbreak. plasmids were found in 47 c. jejuni (36.7%) and 3 c. coli (17.6%) isolates. the sizes of plasmids detected ranged from about 3.3 to 89 kb. the majority of campylobacter isolates (n = ... | 2009 | 19517815 |
| beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in campylobacter species: prevalence of cj0299 (bla oxa-61) and evidence for a novel beta-lactamase in c. jejuni. | fifty-two percent of 1,288 poultry isolates of campylobacters were ampicillin resistant, and resistance was more common among campylobacter coli isolates (67.4%) than among campylobacter jejuni isolates (47.5%). production of beta-lactamase was typically associated with resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin (amoxicilline), penicillin, and ticarcillin. regardless of beta-lactamase production, all isolates were resistant to piperacillin (mics >or= 256 microg/ml), and most were resistant to carbeni ... | 2009 | 19506058 |
| the helicobacter pylori anti-sigma factor flgm is predominantly cytoplasmic and cooperates with the flagellar basal body protein flha. | helicobacter pylori requires flagellar motility and orientation to persist actively in its habitat. a particular feature of flagella in most helicobacter species including h. pylori is a membraneous flagellar sheath. the anti-sigma factor flgm of h. pylori is unusual, since it lacks an n-terminal domain present in other flgm homologs, e.g., flgm of salmonella spp., whose regulatory function is intimately coupled to its secretion through the flagellar type iii secretion system. the aim of the pre ... | 2009 | 19465658 |
| survival rate of thermotolerant campylobacter on poultry meat during microwave heating. | survival rates of campylobacterjejuni atcc 33 291, campylobacter jejuni pzh 38 and campylobacter coli atcc 43 478 in leg quarters (ca 330 g) of chicken broilers after microwave heating (480 and 760 watt) for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes were determined. heating the meat in a microwave oven (moulinex, type dialog cook) at 480 watts caused a gradual decrease in the number of cells of the studied bacterial strains to total inactivation after 8-10 minutes of heating. increasing the heating power to 760 ... | 2009 | 19459438 |
| occurrence and enumeration of campylobacter spp. during the processing of chilean broilers. | thermotolerant campylobacter is among the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. this study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter contamination in chicken carcasses and processing plant stations (chilling water, scalding water, defeathering machinery, evisceration machine, and transport crates) in two of the chilean main slaughterhouses. in addition, the isolation rates of thermotolerant campylobacter during evisceration and following chill ... | 2009 | 19445680 |
| multiplex strategy for multilocus sequence typing, fla typing, and genetic determination of antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates collected in switzerland. | we present an optimized multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme with universal primer sets for amplifying and sequencing the seven target genes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. typing was expanded by sequence determination of the genes flaa and flab using optimized primer sets. this approach is compatible with the mlst and flaa schemes used in the pubmlst database and results in an additional typing method using the flab gene sequence. an identification module based on the 16s rr ... | 2009 | 19439549 |
| inaccuracy of routine susceptibility tests for detection of erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | in the netherlands, both an increase in and regional differences in erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli have been reported. to determine the accuracy of routine tests for erythromycin resistance, 48 erythromycin-resistant isolates from various laboratories that participate in the dutch surveillance of campylobacter infections were reinvestigated. initial susceptibility testing for erythromycin had been performed by disk diffusion in six and mic-based methods in ... | 2010 | 19438640 |
| transmission of foodborne zoonotic pathogens to riparian areas by grazing sheep. | the objective of this study was to determine if sheep grazing near riparian areas on pasture in ontario are an important risk factor for the contamination of water with specific foodborne pathogens. ten ontario sheep farms were visited weekly for 12 wk during the summer of 2005. samples of feces, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for the presence of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, and yersinia enterocolitica, by bacteriological identificatio ... | 2009 | 19436581 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter species are a group of spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause disease in humans and animals. we developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mab) probe that recognizes campylobacter jejuni cells. cell suspensions grown under microaerobic conditions at 42 degrees c for 20 h on bolton agar plates with lysed horse blood were used as live and heat-killed preparations, centrifuged at 8,000 x g for 20 min, and resuspended in carbonate buffer (ph 9.6) for coating on the enzyme-linked imm ... | 2009 | 19435241 |
| application of a group ii campylobacter bacteriophage to reduce strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli colonizing broiler chickens. | members of the genus campylobacter are frequently responsible for human enteric disease worldwide. persistent campylobacter contamination of poultry meat is a common problem that represents a significant food safety risk through the consumption of undercooked poultry meat or through cross-contamination of other foods during the preparation of poultry. bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization of poultry could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacter in ... | 2009 | 19435220 |
| pyrazolopyrimidinediones are selective agents for helicobacter pylori that suppress growth through inhibition of glutamate racemase (muri). | pyrazolopyrimidinediones are a novel series of compounds that inhibit growth of helicobacter pylori specifically. using a variety of methods, advanced analogues were shown to suppress the growth of h. pylori through the inhibition of glutamate racemase, an essential enzyme in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. the high degree of selectivity of the series for h. pylori makes these compounds attractive candidates for novel h. pylori-selective therapy. | 2009 | 19433553 |
| population structure of streptococcus oralis. | streptococcus oralis is a member of the normal human oral microbiota, capable of opportunistic pathogenicity; like related oral streptococci, it exhibits appreciable phenotypic and genetic variation. a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for s. oralis was developed and the resultant data analysed to examine the population structure of the species. analysis of 113 isolates, confirmed as belonging to the s. oralis/mitis group by 16s rrna gene sequencing, characterized the population as highly ... | 2009 | 19423627 |
| drug efflux pump deficiency and drug target resistance masking in growing bacteria. | recent experiments have shown that drug efflux pump deficiency not only increases the susceptibility of pathogens to antibiotics, but also seems to "mask" the effects of mutations, that decrease the affinities of drugs to their intracellular targets, on the growth rates of drug-exposed bacteria. that is, in the presence of drugs, the growth rates of drug-exposed wt and target mutated strains are the same in a drug efflux pump deficient background, but the mutants grow faster than wt in a drug ef ... | 2009 | 19416855 |
| novel campylobacter lari-like bacteria from humans and molluscs: description of campylobacter peloridis sp. nov., campylobacter lari subsp. concheus subsp. nov. and campylobacter lari subsp. lari subsp. nov. | a polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of campylobacter lari-like strains isolated from shellfish and humans. the diversity within the strain collection was initially screened by means of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and whole-cell protein electrophoresis, revealing the existence of two clusters distinct from c. lari and other campylobacter species. the divergence of these clusters was confirmed by phenotypic analysis and by 16s rrna an ... | 2009 | 19406805 |
| campylobacter jejuni in penguins, antarctica. | 2009 | 19402996 | |
| a single nucleotide change affects fur-dependent regulation of sodb in h. pylori. | helicobacter pylori is a significant human pathogen that has adapted to survive the many stresses found within the gastric environment. superoxide dismutase (sodb) is an important factor that helps h. pylori combat oxidative stress. sodb was previously shown to be repressed by the ferric uptake regulator (fur) in the absence of iron (apo-fur regulation) [1]. herein, we show that apo regulation is not fully conserved among all strains of h. pylori. apo-fur dependent changes in sodb expression are ... | 2009 | 19399190 |
| [evaluation of usefulness of commercial recomwell campylobacter enzyme--linked immunosorbent assays for routine serodiagnosis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections]. | the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa recomwell campylobacter) from mikrogen was evaluated for the diagnosis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections. serum samples from 20 healthy controls, 44 persons with symptoms of primary campylobacter infection and 24 serum samples from patients with yersinia enterocolitica or salmonella infections were tested. this elisa assay detects iga and igg antibodies against three recombinant antigens of the campyloba ... | 2008 | 19382600 |
| functional characterization of excision repair and reca-dependent recombinational dna repair in campylobacter jejuni. | the presence and functionality of dna repair mechanisms in campylobacter jejuni are largely unknown. in silico analysis of the complete translated genome of c. jejuni nctc 11168 suggests the presence of genes involved in methyl-directed mismatch repair (mmr), nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair (ber), and recombinational repair. to assess the functionality of these putative repair mechanisms in c. jejuni, muts, uvrb, ung, and reca knockout mutants were constructed and analyzed for t ... | 2009 | 19376866 |
| a longitudinal study of campylobacter distribution in a turkey production chain. | campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. handling and eating of contaminated poultry meat has considered as one of the risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. campylobacter contamination can occur at all stages of a poultry production cycle. the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of campylobacter during a complete turkey production cycle which lasts for 1,5 years of time. for detection of campylobacter, a conventional culture method was com ... | 2009 | 19348687 |
| campylobacter colonization of the turkey intestine in the context of microbial community development. | patterns of microbial community dynamics in the turkey intestine were examined. every week of the 18-week production cycle, cecal bacterial communities and campylobacter loads were examined from five birds for each of two flocks. molecular fingerprinting via the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) of the cecal samples revealed that microbial communities changed in a time-dependent manner, and during both trials the ... | 2009 | 19346343 |
| comparative studies of campylobacter jejuni genomic diversity reveal the importance of core and dispensable genes in the biology of this enigmatic food-borne pathogen. | mlst, dna microarrays, and genome sequencing has allowed for a greater understanding of the metabolic capacity and epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni. while strain-specific genes may provide an isolate a selective advantage in environments and contribute to the organism's pathogenicity, recent work indicates that c. jejuni pathogenicity is dictated by variations in the nucleotide sequence of core genes. challenges facing c. jejuni researchers include determining (a) the degree to which genomic ... | 2009 | 19346123 |
| temporal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter spp, in young cattle. | escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens originating from farm animals. cattle are the main reservoir for e. coli o157 and also contribute to human cases of campylobacteriosis through contaminated milk, direct contact, and environmental contamination. thirty groups of young cattle on 30 farms were observed for 7 months and sampled on 4 to 6 separate occasions for e. coli o157 and c. jejuni/coli to characterize shedding patterns and identify ris ... | 2009 | 19343935 |
| dna mimics for the rapid identification of microorganisms by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a well-established technique that is used for a variety of purposes, ranging from pathogen detection in clinical diagnostics to the determination of chromosomal stability in stem cell research. the key step of fish involves the detection of a nucleic acid region and as such, dna molecules have typically been used to probe for the sequences of interest. however, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of laboratories have started to move on ... | 2008 | 19325728 |
| survival at refrigeration and freezing temperatures of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin applied as axenic and mixed inoculums. | campylobacter is considered to be the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoeal illness in the developed world. many cases are thought to be acquired from consumption of undercooked poultry. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of the rate of cooling on the survival, at 4 degrees c and -20 degrees c, of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni strains, inoculated on chicken skin from axenic culture or as mixed inoculums. strains chilled in a domestic refrigerator varied in their to ... | 2009 | 19324444 |
| incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west germany in 2004. | in developed countries, acute gastroenteritis (age) is a major source of morbidity. however, only a few studies have estimated its incidence and the associated medical burden. this population-based study determined the incidence of community-acquired age patients seeking medical care and the relative role of various pathogens. stool samples from patients with age presenting to a general practitioner (gp), pediatrician, or specialist in internal medicine for that reason were screened for various ... | 2009 | 19319582 |
| campylobacter jejuni glycosylation island important in cell charge, legionaminic acid biosynthesis, and colonization of chickens. | previously, we identified five genes (cj1321 to cj1326, of which cj1325 and cj1326 are a single gene) in the o-linked flagellin glycosylation island that are highly prevalent in campylobacter jejuni isolates from chickens. we report mutagenesis, functional, and structural data to confirm that this locus, and cj1324 in particular, has a significant contributory role in the colonization of chickens by c. jejuni. a motile deltacj1324 mutant with intact flagella was considerably less hydrophobic and ... | 2009 | 19307210 |
| independent evolution of neurotoxin and flagellar genetic loci in proteolytic clostridium botulinum. | proteolytic clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, a severe neuroparalytic illness. given the severity of botulism, surprisingly little is known of the population structure, biology, phylogeny or evolution of c. botulinum. the recent determination of the genome sequence of c. botulinum has allowed comparative genomic indexing using a dna microarray. | 2009 | 19298644 |
| regulation of superoxide dismutase (sod) genes by sara in staphylococcus aureus. | the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ros) within cells is regulated by several interacting factors, including transcriptional regulators. involvement of sara family genes in the regulation of proteins involved in the scavenging of ros is largely unknown. in this report, we show that under aerobic conditions, the levels of sodm and soda transcription, in particular the sodm transcript, are markedly enhanced in the sara mutant among the tested sara family mutants. increased levels of sod exp ... | 2009 | 19286803 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from wild bird populations in northern england. | campylobacter infections have been reported at prevalences ranging from 2 to 50% in a range of wild bird species, although there have been few studies that have investigated the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter spp. consequently, whether wild birds are a source of infection in humans or domestic livestock or are mainly recipients of domestic animal strains and whether separate cycles of infection occur remain unknown. to address these questions, serial cross-sectional surveys of wild bird ... | 2009 | 19286781 |
| the cmp-legionaminic acid pathway in campylobacter: biosynthesis involving novel gdp-linked precursors. | the sialic acid-like sugar 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nonulosonic acid, or legion-aminic acid, is found as a virulence-associated cell-surface glycoconjugate in the gram-negative bacteria legionella pneumophila and campylobacter coli. l. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains, causative agents of legionnaire's disease, contain an alpha2,4-linked homopolymer of legionaminic acid within their lipopolysaccharide o-chains, whereas the gastrointestinal pathogen c. coli modifies i ... | 2009 | 19282391 |
| campylobacter genotyping to determine the source of human infection. | campylobacter species cause a high proportion of bacterial gastroenteritis cases and are a significant burden on health care systems and economies worldwide; however, the relative contributions of the various possible sources of infection in humans are unclear. | 2009 | 19275496 |
| campylobacter genotypes from food animals, environmental sources and clinical disease in scotland 2005/6. | a nationwide multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) survey was implemented to analyze patterns of host association among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from clinical disease in scotland (july 2005-september 2006), food animals (chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs and turkey), non-food animals (wild birds) and the environment. sequence types (sts) were determined for 5247 clinical isolates and 999 from potential disease sources (augmented with 2420 published sts). certain sts were ove ... | 2009 | 19269051 |
| attribution of campylobacter infections in northeast scotland to specific sources by use of multilocus sequence typing. | we show that a higher incidence of campylobacteriosis is found in young children (age, <5 years) living in rural, compared with urban, areas. association of this difference with particular animal sources was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing. this evaluation was achieved by comparing campylobacter isolates originating from these children, retail poultry, and a range of animal sources by use of source attribution and phylogenetic analysis methods. the results indicate that chicken is a m ... | 2009 | 19265482 |
| antibiotic resistance in campylobacter: emergence, transmission and persistence. | campylobacter is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen, which causes gastroenteritis in humans. this pathogenic organism is increasingly resistant to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are the most frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is warranted. as a zoonotic pathogen, campylobacter has a broad animal reservoir and infects humans via contaminated food, water or milk. antibiotic usage in both animal agricultur ... | 2009 | 19257846 |
| evaluation of procedures for outer membrane isolation from campylobacter jejuni. | although infection with campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, relatively little is known about the factors that are required to elicit a protective immune response. the need for a vaccine against this pathogen is well recognized and a number of vaccine candidates have been tested with varying degrees of success; however, there is still a lack of a suitable vaccine. to gain a better understanding of the outer-membrane protein components of this organism, ... | 2009 | 19246768 |
| antiganglioside antibodies and their pathophysiological effects on guillain-barré syndrome and related disorders--a review. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy which can cause acute quadriplegia. infection with micro-organisms, including campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), haemophilus influenzae, and cytomegalovirus (cmv), is recognized as a main triggering event for the disease. lipooligosaccharide (los) genes are responsible for the formation of human ganglioside-like los structures in infectious micro-organisms that can induce gbs. molecular mimicry of loss on the surface ... | 2009 | 19240270 |
| a pan-european survey of antimicrobial susceptibility towards human-use antimicrobial drugs among zoonotic and commensal enteric bacteria isolated from healthy food-producing animals. | the aim of the study was to study antimicrobial susceptibility in escherichia coli, salmonella, campylobacter and enterococcus recovered from chickens, pigs and cattle using uniform methodology. | 2009 | 19233897 |
| genotyping of campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | to determine the antimicrobial resistant profiles and clonality of campylobacter coli isolated from clinically ill humans and retail meats. | 2009 | 19226383 |
| genetic diversity of campylobacter on broiler carcasses collected preevisceration and postchill in 17 u.s. poultry processing plants. | campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the most important human enteropathogens among the campylobacters. the objective of this study was to determine how diversity in campylobacter populations found on chicken carcasses collected from 17 broiler processing plants in the united states is impacted by processing. genetic diversity was determined for up to four isolates per carcass by sequencing the short variable region (svr) of the flaa locus. on 70% of campylobacter-positive carcasses, ... | 2009 | 19205463 |
| prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in market-weight turkeys on-farm and at slaughter. | to monitor the effects of feed withdrawal on the prevalence of campylobacter, market-weight turkeys from six farms were examined before and after perimarketing events (feed withdrawal, transport, and holding at the slaughterhouse). prior to transport, birds (n = 30 per farm) were slaughtered on-farm, and viscera (crops, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, ceca, gallbladder, and spleen) were removed on the premises. within ca. 48 h, cohorts (n = 30 per farm) from the same flock were transported to a ... | 2009 | 19205462 |
| inter- and intra-genomic heterogeneity of the intervening sequence in the 23s ribosomal rna gene of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | an intervening sequence (ivs) can be present or absent in the 23s rrna of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. as part of a survey, we used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect the presence of the ivs in 43 isolates of c. coli and 82 isolates of c. jejuni. an ivs was present in 40 (93.0%) of the c. coli and only 34 (41.5%) of the c. jejuni isolates. twelve (27.9%) of the c. coli isolates and seven (8.5%) of the c. jejuni isolates resulted in two polymerase chain reaction pro ... | 2009 | 19201124 |
| erythromycin resistance by l4/l22 mutations and resistance masking by drug efflux pump deficiency. | we characterized the effects of classical erythromycin resistance mutations in ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 of the large ribosomal subunit on the kinetics of erythromycin binding. our data are consistent with a mechanism in which the macrolide erythromycin enters and exits the ribosome through the nascent peptide exit tunnel, and suggest that these mutations both impair passive transport through the tunnel and distort the erythromycin-binding site. the growth-inhibitory action of erythromycin w ... | 2009 | 19197244 |
| prevalence of virulence-associated genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in campylobacter spp. isolated in italy. | the prevalence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and the cytotoxic activity in vero and hep-2 cells was estimated in 29 campylobacter jejuni and 36 campylobacter coli from foods, animals and humans isolates. all c. jejuni showed flaa, cadf, cdta, cdtb, cdtc and cdt cluster genes fragments, except for ceue (86.2%) and cdt genes (93.1%). amongst c. coli strains, a lower prevalence of ceue gene (83.3%) was detected than that for cdta, cdtb, cdtc genes (97.2%), cdt gene cluste ... | 2010 | 19195703 |
| [determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from human feces]. | one of the most important bacterial zoonosis is campylobacteriosis. human disease is mostly caused by thermophilic campylobacter spp: campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), campylobacter coli (c. coli), campylobacter lari (c. lari) and campylobacter upsakensis (campsalensis). campylobacteriosis is a mild and self-healing disorder. in patients with more severe and prolonged forms, an antibiotic treatment is recommended. recommended drugsare erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol and ... | 2009 | 19195264 |
| thermophilic campylobacter spp. in danish broiler production: a cross-sectional survey and a retrospective analysis of risk factors for occurrence in broiler flocks. | in order to elucidate the rate of thermophilic campylobacter spp. carriage in danish broiler production and to identify risk factors for occurrence of campylobacter in broiler flocks, a total of 88 randomly selected broiler flocks were tested for campylobacter infection, and a subsequent study of risk factors based on a questionnaire was conducted. the sample material comprised cloacal swabs from live birds before slaughter, and neck skin samples from carcasses at the end of the processing line. ... | 2000 | 19184798 |
| occurrence and characterization of campylobacter in the brazilian production and processing of broilers. | twenty-two commercial broiler flocks and their carcasses, totaling 546 samples (450 collected from a poultry farm and 96 from a slaughterhouse), were surveyed for the presence of campylobacter. the positive results for campylobacter among the analyzed samples were homogeneous, yielding 81.8% for cecal droppings, 80.9% for feces, and 80.4% for cloacal swabs. pre-enrichment and direct plating showed that 77.85% and 81.8% of cloacal swabs, respectively, were positive for campylobacter compared to 9 ... | 2008 | 19166063 |
| severe diarrhoea caused by highly ciprofloxacin-susceptible campylobacter isolates. | the impact of fluoroquinolone resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates on the outcome of the disease in sporadic campylobacter infections of finnish individuals was studied. questionnaires were sent, during a 6-month study period, to patients who were stool culture-positive for campylobacter spp. in total, 192 returned questionnaires were analysed and assessed, together with the susceptibility data of the respective bacterial isolates. only one (2%) of the domestic, but ... | 2009 | 19154485 |
| identification of novel carbohydrate modifications on campylobacter jejuni 11168 flagellin using metabolomics-based approaches. | it is well known that the flagellin of campylobacter jejuni is extensively glycosylated by pseudaminic acid and the related acetamindino derivative, in addition to flagellin glycosylation being essential for motility and colonization of host cells. recently, the use of metabolomics permitted the unequivocal characterization of unique flagellin modifications in campylobacter, including novel legionaminic acid sugars in campylobacter coli, which had been impossible to ascertain in earlier studies ... | 2009 | 19154343 |
| a dnase encoded by integrated element cjie1 inhibits natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni. | the species campylobacter jejuni is considered naturally competent for dna uptake and displays strong genetic diversity. nevertheless, nonnaturally transformable strains and several relatively stable clonal lineages exist. in the present study, the molecular mechanism responsible for the nonnatural transformability of a subset of c. jejuni strains was investigated. comparative genome hybridization indicated that c. jejuni mu-like prophage integrated element 1 (cjie1) was more abundant in nonnatu ... | 2009 | 19151136 |
| recombineering reveals a diverse collection of ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 that confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics. | mutations in ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 confer resistance to erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics in a variety of bacteria. l4 and l22 have elongated loops whose tips converge in the peptide exit tunnel near the macrolide-binding site, and resistance mutations typically affect residues within these loops. here, we used bacteriophage lambda red-mediated recombination, or "recombineering," to uncover new l4 and l22 alleles that confer macrolide resistance in escherichia coli. we randomi ... | 2009 | 19150357 |
| roles of lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide in antimicrobial resistance and natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni. | this study is aimed to determine the role of capsular polysaccharide (cps) and lipooligosaccharide (los) in modulating antimicrobial resistance and natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni, an important food-borne human pathogen. | 2009 | 19147521 |
| oxidative stress-induced peptidoglycan deacetylase in helicobacter pylori. | structural modification of peptidoglycan (pg) is one of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade the host innate immune system. for the noninvasive human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, pg delivery to the host cells is one trigger of the immune response. h. pylori hp310 was markedly up-expressed upon cell exposure to oxidative stress. however, disruption of hp310 did not produce a phenotype distinguishable from the parent, including oxidative stress resistance characteristics. ... | 2009 | 19147492 |
| comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and conventional culture methods for detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in naturally contaminated chicken meat samples. | we investigated the efficacy of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detection of chicken meat samples naturally contaminated with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. a total of 144 preston enrichment broth cultures from chicken meat samples were assessed by using the lamp assay and conventional culture methods, which consist of a combination of preston enrichment culturing and plating onto butzler and modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agars. compared with ... | 2009 | 19139242 |
| structures of acrr and cmer: insight into the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and multi-drug recognition in the tetr family of regulators. | the transcriptional regulators of the tetr family act as chemical sensors to monitor the cellular environment in many bacterial species. to perform this function, members of the tetr family harbor a diverse ligand-binding domain capable of recognizing the same series of compounds as the transporters they regulate. many of the regulators can be induced by a wide array of structurally unrelated compounds. binding of these structurally unrelated ligands to the regulator results in a conformational ... | 2009 | 19130905 |
| structures of acrr and cmer: insight into the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and multi-drug recognition in the tetr family of regulators. | the transcriptional regulators of the tetr family act as chemical sensors to monitor the cellular environment in many bacterial species. to perform this function, members of the tetr family harbor a diverse ligand-binding domain capable of recognizing the same series of compounds as the transporters they regulate. many of the regulators can be induced by a wide array of structurally unrelated compounds. binding of these structurally unrelated ligands to the regulator results in a conformational ... | 2009 | 19130905 |
| diversity and habitat specificity of free-living protozoa in commercial poultry houses. | despite stringent biosecurity measures, infections by bacterial food pathogens such as campylobacter are a recurrent problem in industrial poultry houses. as the main transmission route remains unclear, persistence of these infections has been linked to bacterial survival and possibly multiplication within protozoan vectors. to date, however, virtually no information is available on the diversity and occurrence of free-living protozoa in these environments. using a combination of microscopic ana ... | 2009 | 19124593 |
| campylobacter enteritis in children in northern taiwan--a 7-year experience. | campylobacter infection is recognized as a major cause of acute enteritis in humans. the clinical characteristics may vary in different countries. this study investigated the clinical manifestations of pediatric campylobacter enteritis in a medical center in northern taiwan. | 2008 | 19122923 |
| antimicrobial activity of prulifloxacin tested against a worldwide collection of gastroenteritis-producing pathogens, including those causing traveler's diarrhea. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin (active component), is a newer fluoroquinolone with broad activity against enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. ulifloxacin and other oral comparator agents were tested for activity against 582 gastroenteritis strains from global surveillance studies. ulifloxacin was highly active against escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia spp., vibrio spp., aeromonas spp., and plesiomonas spp. (mic(50)s and mic(90)s, <or=0.03 microg/ml a ... | 2009 | 19114678 |
| antimicrobial activity of prulifloxacin tested against a worldwide collection of gastroenteritis-producing pathogens, including those causing traveler's diarrhea. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin (active component), is a newer fluoroquinolone with broad activity against enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. ulifloxacin and other oral comparator agents were tested for activity against 582 gastroenteritis strains from global surveillance studies. ulifloxacin was highly active against escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia spp., vibrio spp., aeromonas spp., and plesiomonas spp. (mic(50)s and mic(90)s, <or=0.03 microg/ml a ... | 2009 | 19114678 |
| a campylobacter jejuni znua orthologue is essential for growth in low-zinc environments and chick colonization. | campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and is acquired primarily through the ingestion of contaminated poultry products. here, we describe the c. jejuni orthologue of znua in other gram-negative bacteria. znua (cj0143c) is the periplasmic component of a putative zinc abc transport system and is encoded on a zinc-dependent operon with cj0142c and cj0141c, which encode the other two likely components of the transport system of c. jejuni. ... | 2009 | 19103921 |
| a campylobacter jejuni znua orthologue is essential for growth in low-zinc environments and chick colonization. | campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and is acquired primarily through the ingestion of contaminated poultry products. here, we describe the c. jejuni orthologue of znua in other gram-negative bacteria. znua (cj0143c) is the periplasmic component of a putative zinc abc transport system and is encoded on a zinc-dependent operon with cj0142c and cj0141c, which encode the other two likely components of the transport system of c. jejuni. ... | 2009 | 19103921 |
| antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry. | this paper reviews the present state of antimicrobial resistance (amr) in the zoonotic bacteria salmonella, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, and in escherichia coli from chickens and turkeys. for salmonella, the frequencies and patterns of amr vary depending on time, region, serovar, the particular farm, layers versus broilers, and the antimicrobial agent. there is usually a higher frequency of amr in salmonella from turkeys compared with salmonella from chickens. clonal and horizont ... | 2008 | 19102788 |
| [incidence of the virulence markers iam in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from poultry carcases]. | previously found dna sequence (iam), correlated with the invasiveness of campylobacter strains, became a starting point for present investigation. main goal of this study was to isolate number of campylobacter strains from chicken carcasses, to determine their taxonomic position and to establish the presence of iam sequence in their genoms. it was found, that invasion associated marker is present in all campylobacter coli strains and in majority but not all campylobacter jejuni. this may confirm ... | 2004 | 19097580 |
| trends of norfloxacin and erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni/campylobacter coli isolates recovered from international travelers, 1994 to 2006. | campylobacter sp. is a major cause of bacterial enterocolitis and travelers' diarrhea. empiric treatment regimens include fluoroquinolones and macrolides. | 2008 | 19090796 |
| [annual changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from acute diarrheic patients]. | two hundred thirty-one campylobacter were isolated from acute diarrheic patients between january 2001 and december 2005. we evaluated annual changes in identified species of campylobacter and their susceptibilities against antibiotics. campylobacter jejuni (219 strains; 94.8%) and campylobacter coli (12 strains; 5.2%) were identified to the species. susceptibilities to four antimicrobial agents, minocycline (mino), levofloxacin (lvfx), erythromycin (em) and clindamycin (cldm) were examined. the ... | 2008 | 19086420 |
| evidence of cross-contamination by campylobacter spp. of broiler carcasses using genetic characterization of isolates. | campylobacter is recognized as one of the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and is frequently isolated from the small intestines and ceca microflora of chickens. twenty-one out of 81 campylobacter-positive poultry flocks were selected to evaluate the genetic diversity of campylobacter isolates and to study the distribution of genotypes among flocks. campylobacter isolates recovered from chicken carcasses and ceca were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). little diversit ... | 2008 | 19086371 |
| campylobacter and arcobacter species sensitivity to commercial orange oil fractions. | seven orange oil fractions were screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected campylobacter and arcobacter spp. using the standard agar-disk diffusion assay. cold pressed (cp) terpeneless valencia orange oil was found to be the most inhibitory to both campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, exhibiting maximum zones of inhibition up to 80+/-0.0 mm. five-fold concentrated valencia oil and distilled d-limonene resulted in campylobacter inhibition zones ranging from 11.0+/-1.4 to ... | 2009 | 19070381 |
| helicobacter pylori hopq outer membrane protein attenuates bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells. | helicobacter pylori genomes contain about 30 hop genes that encode outer membrane proteins. helicobacter pylori hopq alleles exhibit a high level of genetic diversity, and two families of hopq alleles have been described. type i hopq alleles are found more commonly in cag-positive h. pylori strains from patients with peptic ulcer disease than in cag-negative strains from patients without ulcer disease. in this study, we mutated hopq in four h. pylori strains that each contained a type i hopq all ... | 2008 | 19065710 |
| genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. | lactobacilli have been crucial for the production of fermented products for centuries. they are also members of the mutualistic microbiota present in the human gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. recently, increasing attention has been given to their probiotic, health-promoting capacities. many human intervention studies demonstrating health effects have been published. however, as not all studies resulted in positive outcomes, scientific interest arose regarding the precise mechanisms of act ... | 2008 | 19052326 |
| quantifying transmission of campylobacter jejuni in commercial broiler flocks. | since meat from poultry colonized with campylobacter spp. is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, human exposure should be reduced by, among other things, prevention of colonization of broiler flocks. to obtain more insight into possible sources of introduction of campylobacter into broiler flocks, it is essential to estimate the moment that the first bird in a flock is colonized. if the rate of transmission within a flock were known, such an estimate could be determined from the change i ... | 2009 | 19047389 |
| quantifying transmission of campylobacter jejuni in commercial broiler flocks. | since meat from poultry colonized with campylobacter spp. is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, human exposure should be reduced by, among other things, prevention of colonization of broiler flocks. to obtain more insight into possible sources of introduction of campylobacter into broiler flocks, it is essential to estimate the moment that the first bird in a flock is colonized. if the rate of transmission within a flock were known, such an estimate could be determined from the change i ... | 2009 | 19047389 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and strain type diversity of campylobacter jejuni isolates from turkeys in eastern north carolina. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. in this study, 80 c. jejuni isolates from eastern north carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with smai and kpni, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (mlst). pfge analysis suggested that many o ... | 2009 | 19028914 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and strain type diversity of campylobacter jejuni isolates from turkeys in eastern north carolina. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. in this study, 80 c. jejuni isolates from eastern north carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with smai and kpni, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (mlst). pfge analysis suggested that many o ... | 2009 | 19028914 |
| survival of campylobacter spp. in bovine faeces on pasture. | to determine the survival on pasture of campylobacter spp. naturally present in bovine faeces and compare this with a previously published study using laboratory-cultured campylobacter spp. | 2009 | 19018956 |
| 23s rrna gene mutations contributing to macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | the genetic basis of macrolide resistance in campylobacter coli (n = 17) and c. jejuni (n = 35) isolates previously subjected to in vivo selective pressure was investigated to determine if the number of copies of 23s rrna genes with macrolide-associated mutations affects the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of macrolides. sequence data for domain v of the 23s rrna gene revealed that two macrolide-resistant c. coli isolates had adenine-->guanine transitions at position 2059 (a2059g, escheri ... | 2009 | 19014274 |
| rapid evolution and the importance of recombination to the gastroenteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | responsible for the majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, campylobacter jejuni is a pervasive pathogen of humans and animals, but its evolution is obscure. in this paper, we exploit contemporary genetic diversity and empirical evidence to piece together the evolutionary history of c. jejuni and quantify its evolutionary potential. our combined population genetics-phylogenetics approach reveals a surprising picture. campylobacter jejuni is a rapidly evolving species, subje ... | 2009 | 19008526 |
| campylobacter immunity and coinfection following a large outbreak in a farming community. | an outbreak of campylobacteriosis affected approximately one-half of 165 people attending an annual farmers' dance in montrose, scotland, in november 2005. epidemiological investigations, including a cohort study (n = 164), identified chicken liver paté as the most likely vehicle of infection. paté preparation involved deliberate undercooking of chicken livers by flash-frying, followed by mechanical homogenization. typing of 32 campylobacter strains (isolated from submitted stools) by multilocus ... | 2009 | 19005146 |
| campylobacter immunity and coinfection following a large outbreak in a farming community. | an outbreak of campylobacteriosis affected approximately one-half of 165 people attending an annual farmers' dance in montrose, scotland, in november 2005. epidemiological investigations, including a cohort study (n = 164), identified chicken liver paté as the most likely vehicle of infection. paté preparation involved deliberate undercooking of chicken livers by flash-frying, followed by mechanical homogenization. typing of 32 campylobacter strains (isolated from submitted stools) by multilocus ... | 2009 | 19005146 |
| can campylobacter coli induce guillain-barré syndrome? | 2009 | 19002726 | |
| demographic determinants for campylobacter infection in england and wales: implications for future epidemiological studies. | despite a significant public health burden the epidemiology of human campylobacter infection remains blurred. the identification of demographic determinants for campylobacter infection is therefore essential for identifying potential areas for intervention. demographic data from an active, population-based sentinel surveillance system for campylobacter infection (from 2000 until 2003, n=15 907) were compared with appropriate denominator data from the 2001 united kingdom census. incidence was hig ... | 2008 | 19000328 |
| detection of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and campylobacter spp. enteropathogens by 3-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the magnitude of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries is largely unknown because affordable detection methods are not available. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for use in areas with limited resources to screen for diarrheogenic strains from clinical isolates. to simplify the assay and minimize reagents, our method implemented the use of plasmids rather than bacteria as template controls and the use of bacterial suspensions or crude dna preparations rather t ... | 2009 | 18990527 |
| detection of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and campylobacter spp. enteropathogens by 3-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the magnitude of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries is largely unknown because affordable detection methods are not available. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for use in areas with limited resources to screen for diarrheogenic strains from clinical isolates. to simplify the assay and minimize reagents, our method implemented the use of plasmids rather than bacteria as template controls and the use of bacterial suspensions or crude dna preparations rather t ... | 2009 | 18990527 |
| case-case analysis of enteric diseases with routine surveillance data: potential use and example results. | case-control studies and outbreak investigations are the major epidemiological tools for providing detailed information on enteric disease sources and risk factors, but these investigations can be constrained by cost and logistics. | 2008 | 18976484 |
| pediatric campylobacteriosis in northern taiwan from 2003 to 2005. | there has been a marked increase in the incidence of, and concern regarding, human campylobacter jejuni and c. coli infections worldwide during the last decade. as the highest infectious disease control apparatus in taiwan, we aimed to describe the character of campylobacter isolates from infected children, as well as basic information about the patients, from december 2003 to february 2005. | 2008 | 18973701 |
| antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter coli isolates from swine. | eighty-three swine isolates of campylobacter coli were tested for mechanisms underlying resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. four isolates harbored class 1 integrons but none carried class 2 and 3 integrons. most of the tetracycline-resistant isolates (97%) possessed tet(o). a thr-86-ile substitution in gyra and an a-2230-g mutation in 23s rrna were the main resistance mechanisms for quinolones and erythromycin, respectively. | 2008 | 18945505 |
| influence of long time storage in mineral water on rna stability of pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli after heat inactivation. | research of rna viability markers was previously studied for many bacterial species. few and different targets of each species have been checked and motley results can be found in literature. no research has been done about pseudomonas aeruginosa in this way. | 2008 | 18941615 |
| multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and fla short variable region typing of clonal complexes of campylobacter jejuni strains of human, bovine, and poultry origins in luxembourg. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in luxembourg, with a marked seasonal peak during summer. the majority of these infections are thought to be sporadic, and the relative contribution of potential sources and reservoirs is still poorly understood. we monitored human cases from june to september 2006 (n = 124) by molecular characterization of isolates with the aim of rapidly detecting temporally related cases. in addition, isolates from poultry meat (n = 36 ... | 2008 | 18931296 |
| a laboratory-based survey of campylobacter infections in prahova county. | in developing countries, as well as in many western countries, members of the genus campylobacter are recognized as one of the most common cause of acute bacterial enteritis. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolation rates have been shown to be equal to, and sometimes higher than those of other enteric pathogens. the microbiology laboratory of the local public health authority in prahova county conducted a one and a half-year laboratory-based survey of campylobacter infections in pat ... | 2007 | 18928068 |
| rapid screening of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, hadar, heidelberg and typhimurium using a serologically-correlative allelotyping pcr targeting the o and h antigen alleles. | classical salmonella serotyping is an expensive and time consuming process that requires implementing a battery of o and h antisera to detect 2,541 different salmonella enterica serovars. for these reasons, we developed a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based typing scheme to screen for the prevalent s. enterica serovars enteritidis, hadar, heidelberg, and typhimurium. | 2008 | 18845003 |
| comparison of disk diffusion and agar dilution methods for erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline susceptibility testing of campylobacter coli and for tetracycline susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. | with disk diffusion, the following zone diameters are suggested to be resistant and susceptible breakpoints, respectively: for susceptibility testing of campylobacter coli, no inhibition zone and 15 mm or more for erythromycin, and 20 mm or less and 25 mm or more for ciprofloxacin, in the absence or presence of an inhibition zone around the nalidixic acid disk; and for susceptibility testing of c. coli and campylobacter jejuni, 20 mm or less and 26 mm or more for tetracycline. | 2008 | 18838597 |
| initial studies using aliphatic beta-nitro alcohols for therapeutic corneal cross-linking. | corneal collagen cross-linking through uva-riboflavin photochemistry (uvar) has been shown to be an effective treatment for keratoconus and related keratectasias. in recent studies using sclera, the authors observed that short-chain aliphatic beta-nitro alcohols can cross-link collagenous tissue under physiologic conditions. thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate these agents as potential pharmacologic alternatives to uvar. | 2009 | 18836172 |
| initial studies using aliphatic beta-nitro alcohols for therapeutic corneal cross-linking. | corneal collagen cross-linking through uva-riboflavin photochemistry (uvar) has been shown to be an effective treatment for keratoconus and related keratectasias. in recent studies using sclera, the authors observed that short-chain aliphatic beta-nitro alcohols can cross-link collagenous tissue under physiologic conditions. thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate these agents as potential pharmacologic alternatives to uvar. | 2009 | 18836172 |
| risk factors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in young cattle on english and welsh farms. | campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are the most prevalent causes of bacterial diarrhoea in most of the western world. in great britain, the source remains unknown for the majority of cases, though poultry is considered the main source of infection. molecular typing methods identify cattle as a potential source of a proportion of the non-source-attributed cases, mainly through direct contact, environmental contamination or milk, but little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter in cattle. ... | 2009 | 18835052 |