Publications

demonstration of locally synthesized borrelia antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.	antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi develop slowly. low titers can be anamnestic. in order to prove the etiology of manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system like meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth or progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis we used the elisa to measure specific igg antibodies against ixodes ricinus borrelia per microgram igg in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. with the mentioned method we were able to demonstrate locally synthesized an ...	1987	3591093
lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals.	lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ...	1987	3605501
erythema chronicum migrans disease in the federal republic of germany.	epidemiology and clinical presentation of erythema chronicum migrans disease are not well known yet. during a period of only 19 months, serological and clinical investigation of 2955 patients rendered 1106 cases of infection whose widespread incidence was remarkable: of the 328 administration districts of the frg, 205 were affected. accordingly, positive antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi could be demonstrated in an average of 15.7% of the investigated rural population (2830 persons). typic ...	1987	3591095
transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae).	transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi was demonstrated for the first time in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus. one of three field-collected females with spirochetes in ovarial tissues produced 100% infected progeny that maintained the spirochetes transstadially and in 4 of 5 cases passed them via eggs to as many as 97% of f2 filial ticks. the progeny infected ovarially and by subsequent transstadial passage had generalized tissue infections that exhibited r ...	1987	3605502
susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was investigated by inoculating rats with infected tick suspensions or by allowing infected ixodes scapularis nymphs to feed on them. culture of blood samples in bsk ii medium demonstrated that cotton rats developed spirochetemias that lasted for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks and were of sufficient concentration to infect simultaneously feeding normal i. scapularis nymphs. the spiroc ...	1987	3688316
prevalence of canine lyme disease from an endemic area as determined by serosurvey.	from august 1984 through february 1985, 423 dogs from 43 municipalities in 7 new jersey counties were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). of these dogs, 34.7% with no apparent clinical symptoms were serologically reactive (ifa greater than or equal to 1:64); titers in this study ranged from non-reactive to 1:2048. ninety percent of the dogs surveyed had a current vaccination status to leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icteroh ...	1987	3591094
[meningoradiculitis after a tick bite. study of 31 cases].	a retrospective study covering a period of 20 years identified reports on 31 cases of meningoradiculitis of the garin-bujadoux-bannwarth type (mrgbb). clinical, biological, electromyographic characteristics and course of the disease were studied. the most recent cases (n = 8) in 1984 and 1985 had serological tests for borrelia burgdorferi and half of the cases had negative results. conversely, in some patients with meningoradiculitis, even in the absence of a tick bite or of migrating chronic er ...	1987	3616364
[anti-cardiolipin antibodies in lyme disease].		1987	3616457
seasonal prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in natural populations of white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 111 of 237 peromyscus leucopus captured during all seasons of the year. borreliae were cultured from tissues of the spleen (101 mice), left kidney (76 mice), and right kidney (73 mice), from blood (12 mice), and from one fetus. mice were infected during the winter, when immature ixodes dammini were inactive. the prevalence of infection during the winter (less than or equal to 33%) was more than twofold lower than that d ...	1987	3624451
experimental infections of mosquitoes with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease.		1987	3624914
borrelia burgdorferi infection in man.		1987	3597034
antigenic changes of borrelia burgdorferi as a result of in vitro cultivation.		1987	3655406
lyme disease in japan and its possible incriminated tick vector, ixodes persulcatus.		1987	3655407
in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi.	the antispirochetal activity in vitro and in vivo of several antibiotics against ten isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from human spinal fluids and skin biopsies was determined. borrelia burgdorferi was most susceptible in vitro to erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (mic90: 0.06, 0.06, 0.12 mcg/ml respectively). less activity was observed with tetracycline, amoxycillin and lincomycin (mic90: 0.50 mcg/ml), imipenem and augmentin (mic90: 0.25 mcg/ml), oxacillin (mic90: 1 mcg/ml), ciprofloxaci ...	1987	3665899
igm rheumatoid factor in lyme disease: correlation with disease activity, total serum igm, and igm antibody to borrelia burgdorferi.	we tested the sera of 50 patients with lyme disease for igm-rheumatoid factor (igm-rf) using a sensitive elisa. levels of igm-rf greater than 3 sd above the mean of normal subjects were found in 2 of 15 patients with erythema chronicum migrans, 7 of 10 with neurologic abnormalities, and 7 of 25 with lyme arthritis (p = 0.038). only 2 of these sera were positive by latex agglutination. in contrast, none of the 23 control patients with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or reiter's syndrome h ...	1987	3668982
[chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system].	a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ...	1987	3670517
[lyme disease, an infectious cause of facial paralysis. apropos of a case].	a case of facial palsy first unilateral then bilateral, due to lyme disease, is reported. this disease, transmitted by ticks, is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) known as the etiologic agent since 1982.	1987	3674641
chronic muscle weakness caused by borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis.	a 19-year-old man developed chronic weakness of the lower limbs as the predominant manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. spirochetes were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid. the condition resolved following intravenous penicillin treatment.	1987	3674804
seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	the seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal ixodes dammini infected with babesia microti or borrelia burgdorferi was determined on nantucket island, massachusetts, during 1985. the peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal i. dammini occurred in may and june. on a per person-hour basis, the number of infected ticks collected reached a maximum in may (babesia = 17.3; borrelia = 16.2). the number of infected ticks remained high in june, but decreased notably in july, august, and september. ...	1987	3687924
encephalitis associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi was associated with encephalitis in a horse. the horse lived in an area of wisconsin endemic for b burgdorferi infection. borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the brain, but rabies virus was not detected in the brain. serum obtained from the horse had a b burgdorferi antibody titer of 1:2,048, but was negative for antibodies to eastern and western encephalomyelitis.	1987	3692996
electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes.	the ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. the isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.18-0.35 micron in width and from 3.9-14.2 micron in length. twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. the majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. human intestin ...	1987	3609249
arthritis and systemic disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection in a cow.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi caused arthritis, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and pneumonitis in a cow. spirochetes were detected by use of immunofluorescent staining in liver and lung specimens and were isolated from the liver. the carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints had marked synovial proliferation, and synovial fluid obtained from these joints had high antibody titers against b burgdorferi. the cow was from an area of wisconsin that is not endemic for borreliosis.	1987	3692999
isolation of borrelia spirochetes from patients in texas.	the texas department of health laboratory began culturing the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in 1985. this organism was subsequently isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, skin, bone, and autopsy tissues from humans. fluorescent-antibody tests with murine monoclonal antibodies confirmed that seven of these isolates were b. burgdorferi and that two others belonged to the genus borrelia.	1987	3611307
[lyme disease].		1987	3614394
colony formation and morphology in borrelia burgdorferi.	two strains of borrelia burgdorferi, b31 and 297, formed colonies when plated onto barbour-stoenner-kelly medium solidified with agarose (1.3%) and incubated in a candle jar at 34 degrees c. colonies differing in morphology were observed in both strains after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. strain b31 colonies were either compact, round (mean diameter, 0.43 mm), and restricted to the surface of the agarose medium or diffuse (mean diameter, 1.80 mm) and penetrating into the solid medium. strain 297 c ...	1987	3693538
[lyme borreliosis in south germany. epidemiologic data on the incidence of cases and on the epidemiology of ticks (ixodes ricinus) carrying borrelia burgdorferi].	among 2403 ticks (ixodes ricinus) tested in 1985 for borrelia 328 (13.6%) were carriers (adults about 20%, nymphs about 10%, larvae about 1%). the highest prevalence of infected ticks was among adult ticks in the isar region north of munich (33.8%). among 9383 persons whose serum had been examined by fluorescence serology in 1985 and 1986, 1035 (11%) had raised borrelia-specific igg and/or igm antibodies greater than or equal to 1:64. in 18.7% only igm antibodies were demonstrated. among 375 pro ...	1987	3678074
[epidemiology of ixodes-borreliosis in southern germany].	intimate adaptation occurs between european strains of borrelia burgdorferi and the local hard tick ixodes ricinus. i. dammini, the important vector in usa, could not be infected experimentally with a strain of the lyme spirochete from southern germany. other species of blood suckers are sometimes able to maintain uptaken spirochetes for a few days, but never to compensate the tick vector. man seems to be a good host for b. burgdorferi but without epidemiological significance due to his poor vec ...	1987	3623604
[lyme disease from the neurologist's viewpoint].	the gamut of neurological symptoms observed in lyme disease is outlined on the basis of 45 case histories. the borrelia infection of the nervous system manifests itself primarily at the spinal roots and the cranial nerves. signs of spinal cord and brain involvement were found in well over a third of the patients studied. these may be taken as the result of the infection spreading to parenchymatous structures or as vessel reactions and infections. long-lasting exhaustion and residual focal defici ...	1987	3616582
absence of lipopolysaccharide in the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	we were unable to demonstrate the presence of the classic enterobacterium-type lipopolysaccharide in the cells of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi b31. this finding was primarily based on chemical analysis and the absence of free lipid a upon mild acid hydrolysis of the appropriate cell extracts. these results do not preclude the possible existence of an unusual lipopolysaccharide-like compound(s) in b. burgdorferi.	1987	3623705
[is cardiac involvement found also in european erythema migrans borreliosis?].	during an infection with borrelia burgdorferi two men (aged 59 and 61 years, respectively) developed long-lasting cardiac arrhythmias which proved difficult to treat (tachycardias; in one patient due to atrial fibrillation, and also nodal arrhythmias). the cardiac signs completely regressed after specific antibiotic treatment, supporting the view that the cardiac involvement was due to borrelia infection, as is known to have occurred with lyme disease reported from the usa.	1987	3652950
simultaneous transmission of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti by individual nymphal ixodes dammini ticks.	nymphal ixodes dammini ticks, selected from a group of ticks in which 22 of 31 (71%) contained dual borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infections, simultaneously transmitted b. burgdorferi and b. microti to 4 of 7 (57%) hamsters exposed to individual ticks.	1987	3667924
reservoir competence of white-footed mice for lyme disease spirochetes.	using the vector tick, ixodes dammini, we described the reservoir competence of the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. nymphal i. dammini were used to infect mammals, and larval ticks were used to diagnose infection (a form of xenodiagnosis). one tick was nearly as efficient as more than 1 in transmitting the spirochete to mice. the duration of the prepatent period was about 1 week. prevalence of infection approached 100% in ticks that ...	1987	3812887
isolation of antigenic components from the lyme disease spirochete: their role in early diagnosis.	patients with early lyme disease produce igm antibodies to a 41,000-dalton polypeptide of borrelia burgdorferi. with advancing disease, igg antibodies recognize a larger number of spirochetal polypeptides. sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of spirochetes at a concentration of 0.03% resulted in an outer envelope (oe) fraction in the supernatant and a protoplasmic cylinder (pc) flagellar fraction in the pellet. shearing of the pc pellet followed by ultrafiltration and dialysis resulted in a flagell ...	1987	3819479
chronic progressive neurological involvement in borrelia burgdorferi infection.	five patients with chronic meningitis were hospitalized several times for progressive neurological symptoms. the clinical manifestations included cranial neuritis, radiculoneuritis, myelitis and encephalitis. in two cases cerebral infarction occurred. the course was commonly characterized by a tendency to deteriorate. from the clinical point of view, it was repeatedly difficult to exclude multiple sclerosis or tuberculous meningitis. finally, specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi were ...	1987	3819785
lyme arthritis in children. an orthopaedic perspective.	the cases of forty-three children with clinical and serological evidence of lyme arthritis that was diagnosed between august 1983 and july 1985 were evaluated. the mean length of follow-up was twenty months, with a range of five to thirty months. all of the children lived in or had visited an area where the disease was known to be endemic. arthritis was the presenting feature in more than half of the children, and half of the children had initially consulted an orthopaedic surgeon, none of whom ...	1987	3805076
[tick-borne borreliosis. a case of chronic meningoencephalitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824285
prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in white-footed mice and ixodes dammini at fort mccoy, wis.	borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 15 of 17 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and 54 of 82 subadult ixodes dammini from fort mccoy, wis. of the 47 isolates tested, all reacted in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface protein of b. burgdorferi (approximate molecular weight, 31,000) and flagellins that are common to all borrelia species. indirect fluorescent-antibody reactions were variable when an ...	1987	3305566
localized scleroderma (morphea) and antibody to borrelia burgdorferi.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) were performed in 25 and 32 cases of morphea, respectively. the more sensitive and specific elisa was positive in only 1 of 25 cases and the mean value was lower in cases of morphea than in controls. ifa showed minimally reactive titers in 6 (19%) of 32 cases. there were an additional six cases with borderline titers. these data indicate that there is no specific association between borrelia burgdorferi infection and mo ...	1987	3308981
histological evidence for spirochetal origin of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicans.	in order to elucidate the possible spirochetal origin of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicans (lsa), we investigated biopsy specimens from 13 patients with morphea and 13 patients with lsa. four patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca), three with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), and 11 patients with other inflammatory dermatoses served as controls. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained by an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method, using serum of a patient ...	1987	3318532
clinical and serologic studies of canine borreliosis.	during 1984 and 1985, blood samples were obtained from 271 dogs that were suspected of having borreliosis. the dogs lived in areas known to be infested with ticks and had been examined because of limb/joint disorders or for unknown illnesses marked by fever, anorexia, or fatigue. lameness had been the most frequently reported clinical manifestation. analyses of serum specimens, by an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) method or by an elisa, detected antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiol ...	1987	3319989
evaluation of a quantitative fluorescence immunoassay (fiax) for detection of serum antibody to borrelia burgdorferi.	a quantitative, indirect, fluorescence immunoassay (fiax; whittaker bioproducts, inc.) was compared with the conventional indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detection of serum antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. fiax correlated well with the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (r = 0.72). fiax is a convenient and dependable means of measuring serum antibody to b. burgdorferi.	1987	3320090
characterization of borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from ixodes pacificus ticks in california.	in a survey of 1,714 adult ixodes pacificus ticks collected in northern california, 24 (1.4%) were found to be infected with spirochetes that reacted with an anti-borrelia burgdorferi polyvalent conjugate in direct immunofluorescence tests. eleven isolates of b. burgdorferi from these ticks were characterized by monoclonal antibody, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western blot (immunoblot) analyses. ten of the isolates had molecular and antigenic characteristics similar to those of other ...	1987	3323225
[lyme disease: diagnostic value of quantitative determination of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid].		1987	2950472
unusual manifestations of nervous system borrelia burgdorferi infection.	borrelia burgdorferi infection may show disease manifestations in different organ systems, including the skin, heart, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and joints. we report two hitherto unknown (to our knowledge) disease manifestations, an arteritis in the central nervous system, and a neuromyopathy of 11 years' duration. diagnoses were made by demonstrating specific antibodies against b burgdorferi in the cerebrospinal fluid, and elevated specific antibody index. both patients ...	1987	3036051
early detection and persistence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in persons with lyme disease.	an indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were used during 1984 to detect total immunoglobulins (ig) or igm and igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. of the 139 serum samples tested by ifa, representing 110 persons with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), 84 (60%) had either or both class-specific immunoglobulins. serologic confirmation was made for 64 (58%) patients; serum specimens from 54 (49%) of these had elevated levels of igm antib ...	1987	3296563
the significance of controls in lyme arthritis of children.	in order to better define the specificity of lyme disease (ld) seropositivity and seronegativity during a study of lyme arthritis in a pediatric rheumatology population, three groups of controls are in the process of being developed. children with other rheumatic disorders. siblings and parents of children with lyme arthritis. individuals with intense environmental exposure to ld. sera from each have been tested for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi (bb), by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa ...	1987	3296564
antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in bavarian forest workers.	the sera of 496 forest workers (fw), 44 customs officials and 20 other persons in outdoor professions from different areas of bavaria were tested for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi (strain b 31) by indirect immunofluorescence. in sera previously absorbed with treponema phagedenis ultrasonicate, significantly elevated igg antibody titers were found in 69 cases, in 68 fw (13.7%) and 1 custom agent. in accordance with previous observations the distribution of positive results showed a dist ...	1987	3296565
serodiagnostic of erythema chronicum migrans (lyme disease) in cases initially suspected as caused by arboviruses.		1987	3296567
cross-reactivity in serological tests for lyme disease and other spirochetal infections.	serum specimens from 163 persons with lyme disease, tick-borne or louse-borne relapsing fever, yaws, syphilis, leptospirosis, or rocky mountain spotted fever were analyzed to assess the specificity of indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and microscopic agglutination (ma) procedures. strong cross-reactivity occurred when sera from individuals with lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, and louse-borne relapsing fever were tested against hete ...	1987	3298452
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in association with lichen sclerosus et atrophicans: tubulo-interstitial nephritis and urinary excretion of spirochete-like organisms.	we report about a 38-year-old male patient with coexisting acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lichen sclerosus et atrophicans and recurrent diabetic metabolic disorders since 9 years. serologically igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi could be detected. moveless winded structures, morphologically resembling borreliae could be demonstrated in the urine sediment by dark field microscopy. additionally a tubulo-interstitial nephritis was diagnosed by the presence of a dysmorphic hematuria, ...	1987	2436416
evidence for spirochetal origin of circumscribed scleroderma (morphea).	acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) and morphea are clinically distinct skin diseases with some common features and possible coexistence. we found antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in eight of fifteen patients with morphea. six of them had igg antibodies and two both igg and igm antibodies. four of the eight seropositive and five of the seven seronegative patients had been treated with high dose penicillin previously. spirochetal organisms could be cultured in barbour-stoenner-kelly's med ...	1987	2442935
emerging pattern of lyme disease in the united kingdom and irish republic.	in the past year there have been 68 cases of lyme disease in the united kingdom and republic of ireland. 41 patients had erythema chronicum migrans, and 8 of them had associated neurological disease. 13 further patients presented with neurological disease without a preceding skin lesion. myocarditis was present in 1 patient. ixodes ricinus was confirmed as the vector for lyme disease. in two areas deer were found to be infected by borrelia burgdorferi, the causative organism of lyme disease. 86% ...	1987	2880076
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi and localised scleroderma.		1987	2882098
shulman syndrome, a scleroderma subtype caused by borrelia burgdorferi?		1987	2885476
lyme disease in europe.		1987	2886728
borrelia burgdorferi and shulman syndrome.		1987	2887905
[multiple plaque scleroderma with seroconversion for borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	2962112
absence of spirochaetes (borrelia burgdorferi) and piroplasms (babesia microti) in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) parasitized by chalcid wasps (hunterellus hookeri).	an entomophagous wasp (hunterellus hookeri howard) parasitizes about a third of the host-seeking nymphal ixodes dammini spielman et al. ticks on naushon island in massachusetts (u.s.a.) where the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) and human babesiosis (babesia microti franca) are enzootic. following blood-feeding, wasp-parasitized ticks are destroyed by the developing wasp. the prevalence of either human pathogen in host-seeking ticks collected in wasp-infested sites is ...	1987	2979518
lyme disease. a neuro-ophthalmologic view.	lyme borreliosis is a spirochetal infection with a potential to produce a clinical disease in the human host with protean manifestations as diverse as the spectrum of disease caused by treponema pallidum. neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of lyme borreliosis are emphasized in this short review. a brief historical chronicle of lyme disease is offered. potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of lyme disease with an emphasis on false negative serology and currently available diagnostic modalities are ...	1987	2963023
[european aspects of lyme disease. 8 cases].	a case of meningo-radiculitis consecutive to tick bite with isolation, for the first time in france, of a borrelia burgdorferi strain prompted us to review the records of patients admitted to our hospital department with lyme disease. meningo-radiculitis was the predominant feature of the clinical syndrome. it seems to be one of the usual forms of lyme disease in europe.	1987	2949308
molecular cloning of treponema pallidum outer envelope fibronectin binding proteins, p1 and p2.	phages directing the synthesis of treponema pallidum fibronectin binding adhesin proteins, p1 and p2, were isolated from an embl-3 bacteriophage lambda library of t pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). the recombinant phages were identified using antisera generated to treponemal proteins purified in fibronectin-sepharose. recombinant p1 and p2 proteins possessed the same relative molecular weights as the native surface polypeptides of spirochaetes. the structural genes for these proteins were s ...	1987	2962928
[borrelian meningoencephalomyelitis. a case].	a 22-year old man had spastic paraparesis and cerebellar syndrome of 5 months duration. csf showed lymphocytosis, elevated protein content, hypoglycorachia, hypochlorurachia and oligoclonal banding. ct scan and mri were normal. extensive laboratory procedures disclosed no bacterial, viral, fungic, parasitic or inflammatory disease. anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were present in blood (1/4000) and in csf (1/1024). with antibiotics (penicillin g 20 millions units per day for 10 days, followe ...	1987	2962086
borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.		1987	2886788
horse reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi?		1987	2882362
demonstration of spirochaetes in patients with lyme disease with a modified silver stain.	spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from patients with lyme disease by short-time high-concentrate silver impregnation after treatment with amylase. removal of mucoid material was essential to visualise borrelia burgdorferi. lyme spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from 23 patients with lyme disease--erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) 10, lymphadenosis benigna cutis (labc) 7, arthritis 4 and bannwarth's syndrome 2. spirochaetes were localised in the subepidermal zone, peri- and intra ...	1987	2438410
[meningoradiculitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824286
the surgical pathology of human lyme disease. an enlarging picture.	lyme disease is a multisystems infectious disorder caused by the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. infection occurs by ticks feeding on mammalian hosts, including humans. the distribution of the tick and spirochete is world-wide and is especially prevalent where there are large deer populations. the disease is seen in three stages. stage i is a cutaneous rash (erythema chronicum migrans) consisting of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around dermal vessels. stage ii is characterized by varying forms ...	1987	3812878
oral infection of peromyscus maniculatus with borrelia burgdorferi and subsequent transmission by ixodes dammini.	we determined if deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) could be infected by borrelia burgdorferi and develop sufficient spirochetemia to infect larval ixodes dammini. ten p. maniculatus were infected orally with 0.05 ml phosphate buffered saline containing approximately 400 b. burgdorferi. on days 21 or 28 after infection (ai) larval i. dammini were fed on the deer mice. each of the p. maniculatus developed antibodies (up to 7 log2) to b. burgdorferi and b. burgdorferi was isolated from the blood o ...	1987	3826500
[pain syndromes in tick-borne neuroborreliosis. clinical aspects and differential diagnosis.].	tick-borne borreliosis (borrelia burgdorferi) is a common and complex disorder affecting the skin, the joints and the nervous system. it progresses through different clinical stages. the clinical spectrum of neuroborreliosis has expanded since the introduction and widespread application of specific serological tests. we have investigated 41 patients with bannwarth's meningopolyneuritis (mpn) as the classical form of neuroborreliosis, in a prospective (26 patients) and a retrospective (15 patient ...	1987	18415556
lyme disease: a rare cause of arthritis?		1987	3153609
[results of the detection of lyme disease in the central bohemian region. preliminary report].		1987	2961474
[inflammatory polyenthesopathy, an unusual manifestation of lyme disease].		1987	2962148
lyme disease: cause of a treatable peripheral neuropathy.	peripheral nerve dysfunction was demonstrated in 36% of patients with late lyme disease. of 36 patients evaluated, 14 had prominent limb paresthesias. thirteen of these had neurophysiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy; neurologic examinations were normal in most. repeat testing following treatment documented rapid improvement in 11 of 12. we conclude that this neuropathy, which is quite different from the infrequent peripheral nerve syndromes previously described in this illness, is common ...	1987	3670609
lyme disease misdiagnosed as a brown recluse spider bite.		1987	3662296
lyme disease presenting as recurrent acute meningitis.		1987	3115452
intrathecal igm synthesis in patients with lyme disease.		1987	3662458
lyme disease: an increasing health risk for school-age children.	lyme disease, a bacterial infection with noticeable short-term and serious long-term consequences, is the most common tick-borne disease. first described in 1977, lyme disease poses a significant health threat to school-age children exposed to the tick vector primarily in three specific regions of the united states. this article describes lyme disease and its clinical signs and symptoms, and discusses the school nurse's role in identification, management, and prevention of this new health risk.	1987	3650594
lyme disease as cause of childhood arthritis.		1987	3631012
skin and nail changes in the arthritic foot.	the arthritic process is unlikely to be confined to the foot; similarly the cutaneous lesions associated with the arthritic foot are often widespread. careful examination of the skin and nails, particularly the finger nails, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with a painful foot joint. conversely, certain cutaneous lesions may alert the physician to the possibility of joint disorders presenting at some later date. in this chapter, it is not possible to mention ...	1987	3331326
cutaneous manifestations of neurologic infections in children.	neurologic infections in children are frequently accompanied by cutaneous findings that may direct the physician toward the correct diagnosis. in some instances, the appearance of an eruption (such as erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease) is specific or a rapid bedside diagnostic test (tzanck preparation for herpes simplex) is extremely helpful in sorting out the differential diagnosis of a child's illness. in this article, cutaneous clues to some of the more important childhood infection ...	1987	3306337
ceftriaxone as effective therapy in refractory lyme disease.		1987	3572042
[lyme disease. unfavorable course after treatment with amoxicillin].		1987	2955311
lyme disease.		1987	3109587
tick-borne lymphocytic meningoradiculitis in ireland: bannwarth's syndrome/lyme disease.		1987	3597040
[lyme disease of a neurological form. apropos of 2 new cases of meningoradiculitis].		1987	2956669
severe encephalopathy associated with lyme disease.		1987	2882097
lyme disease in europe and north america.		1987	2882096
[isolated meningoencephalitis in lyme disease].		1987	3579101
[tick-borne erythematous spirochetosis (tick-borne annular erythema. bannwarth syndrome, lyme disease)].		1987	3554857
lyme disease: a review.		1987	3468679
[lyme disease].		1987	3579490
eye findings in lyme disease.		1987	3568649
three further cases of lyme disease.		1987	3103771
from new to old england: the progress of lyme disease.		1987	3103755
a case of lyme disease in a 9-year-old black male.		1987	3827964
[lyme disease--a new nosologic unit].		1987	3824941
lyme disease in france.		1987	3591099
lyme disease in italy.	we present the first cases of lyme disease found in italy. the diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory data. the antigen used for indirect immunofluorescence (i.i.f.) was kindly supplied to us by prof. r. ackermann (köln). reciprocal titer was 64 in five patients, 128 in six, 256 in three and 512 in one. the patients came either from the eastern ligurian coast or the trieste karst: these are consequently the first two italian areas where lyme disease has been recognized up to the present.	1987	3591098
electrophysiologic findings in meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth.	previous reports on neuropathy in lyme disease and related disorders suggest predominant demyelination in most of the few cases investigated. we analysed retrospectively electrophysiologic data in 29 patients with mpn-gbb. in peripheral nerve involvement slowed ncv and/or prolonged dl was the prominent finding, concordant with primary demyelination. distribution of pathology resembles mononeuritis. facial nerve palsy was common and often bilateral.	1987	3591082
cerebrospinal fluid findings in neurological manifestations of lyme disease.	the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings in 21 patients with different manifestations of lyme disease are presented. 15 patients exhibited csf changes including a lymphoplasmocytic pleocytosis and a csf protein profile indicating a barrier leakage combined with an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. six patients-mainly suffering from cranial neuritis-had a normal csf.	1987	3591080