Publications

potential role of native and exotic deer and their associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the ecology of lyme disease in california, usa.	the relationship of native columbian black-tailed deer, two species of exotic deer (axis and fallow), and their ticks to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was studied in coastal and inland areas of northern california, usa. spirochetemias were detected in 27% of black-tailed deer, 50% of axis deer, and 56% of fallow deer collected in late fall and winter. antibody prevalence was 38% in black-tailed deer, 24% in fallow deer, and 6% in axis deer. one to 3 tick species were collect ...	1986	3554845
european borrelia burgdorferi isolated from humans and ticks culture conditions and antibiotic susceptibility.	growth of borrelia burgdorferi in a modified kelly-medium is described. borrelia strains were isolated from patients (n = 11) and ticks i. ricinus (n = 19). the modified medium which contained co-trimoxazole is a very effective medium for isolating and culturing of borrelia sp. the susceptibility of 7 strains of b. burgdorferi to antibiotics was studied by the macrodilution and microdilution test. after preliminary testing for optimal conditions, we determined mics in modified kelly medium. the ...	1986	3577473
the spectrum of organ and systems pathology in human lyme disease.	lymphocytes, plasma cells, and mononuclear phagocytes are frequently found in human tissues infected by the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. experience has shown that these cells comprise the tissue bed inflammatory infiltrate in lyme disease affecting the joint synovia, myocardium, and skin. while many differences otherwise exist, lyme synovitis has lymphoplasmacellular similarities with rheumatoid synovitis, lymphoplasmacellular epimyocarditis similarities with syphilitic myocard ...	1986	3577479
genetic analysis of borrelia.	dna homology studies were performed on borrelia hermsii, b. duttoni, b. crocidurae and the o. coriaceus spirochete. these organisms had a genus level relationship with each other. b. hermsii was 17 to 53% homologous with b. duttoni, b. crocidurae, and the o. coriaceus spirochetes; b. crocidurae was 17-32% related to b. hermsii, b. anserina and the o. coriaceus spirochete, and the o. coriaceus spirochete was 28-50% related to b. hermsii, b. crocidurae and b. anserina. the o. coriaceus spirochete ...	1986	3577474
remarks on the infectious disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi.		1986	3577480
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius in sweden. a study on 231 patients.	in order to describe the clinical manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma) in sweden and to compare them with those in lyme disease in the united states, 231 patients with ecma were investigated. although there are many similarities between the two disorders the findings also point to differences. the skin lesions were of longer duration (median 5-6 weeks) than those in lyme disease but less often multiple (8%). general symptoms were found in about half of the patients with a ...	1986	3577482
microbiological findings in erythema (chronicum) migrans and related disorders.	in order to evaluate the virtual advantage of proving borrelial infection in dermatoses clinically diagnosed as erythema (chronicum) migrans (ecm), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) or lymphadenosis cutis benigna (lcb) by means of histological, cultural or serological trials, skin and serum samples obtained from altogether 99 patients suffering from these dermatoses were examined. serum and--to some extent--skin specimens gained from healthy individuals (n = 36), patients with not tick b ...	1986	3577483
borrelia transfer by ticks during their life cycle. studies on laboratory animals.	ticks of the species ixodes ricinus were cultured in the laboratory. yellow silver rabbits, gerbils and white mice served as blood hosts. borrelia burgdorferi could be detected by means of an ifa test in homogenates of female ticks, their eggs as well as the respective larval and nymphal ticks. blood infection of splenectomized gerbils and ordinary white mice or of ordinary white mice alone has been demonstrated after feeding of larval or nymphal ticks on them, respectively. spirochetemia starte ...	1986	3577489
culturing borrelia burgdorferi from spleen and kidney tissues of wild-caught white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	borrelia burgdorferi was isolated most frequently from tissue of spleen (n = 13) and kidney (n = 10) and less often from blood (n = 5) of wild-caught peromyscus leucopus. prevalence of infection tended to be highest at sites where lyme disease was most common (e.g., 5 of 6 mice were positive in east haddam, connecticut). spirochetes were not isolated in danbury or new hartford, areas where this malady is rare. however, in fairfield, where the disease is also uncommon, 4 of 9 mice were infected. ...	1986	3577490
the prevalence and significance of borrelia burgdorferi in the urine of feral reservoir hosts.	live borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from the blood and/or urine of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) collected on shelter island, new york, in 1984 and 1985. prevalence of spirochetes in urine was consistently higher than in blood or both fluids simultaneously. spirochetes remained viable for 18-24 hours in urine and were maintained in culture for one week. mice removed from the field were spirocheturic for at least 13 months. one spirocheturic mouse developed spirochetemia one month a ...	1986	3577491
evolution of a focus of lyme disease.	epidemiological investigations were initiated in 1984 when significant lyme disease activity was observed within a 5-km radius of an area previously used as a non-endemic control site for lyme disease research in new jersey. through 1983, collections of ixodes dammini from vegetation and feral rodents were infrequent and no human cases were identified within a 16-km radius of the control site. in 1984, 4 human cases and 3 serologically reactive canines (greater than or equal to 1:512) were recog ...	1986	3577493
vaccination of hamsters against experimental infection with borrelia burgdorferi.	vaccination of syrian hamsters with a single dose of 50 micrograms to 100 micrograms dry weight of a whole cell preparation of borrelia burgdorferi provided 75% to 86% protection against infection.	1986	3577492
comparison of rates of infection by the lyme disease spirochete in selected populations of ixodes dammini and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	at a major endemic focus in new jersey, 50% of 290 adult ixodes dammini collected in the fall of 1984 were infected with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), which was statistically higher than the rate found in the 202 adult ticks (39.6%) examined during the spring. neither sex nor site of collection within the focus significantly affected the infection rate. the observed infection rates were similar to those reported in endemic areas of new york and connecticut. borrelia burgdor ...	1986	3577494
austrian hard ticks as vectors of borrelia burgdorferi, overview.		1986	3577495
clinical manifestations of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in 50 swedish patients.	a study was made of 50 consecutive patients with untreated acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca). in all patients elevated anti-spirochetal antibody titers were found at indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and histologically biopsies exhibited a dermal lymphocytic infiltrate with a moderate to rich admixture of plasma cells and telangiectases. nine patients had a history consistent with spontaneously healing erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma) on the ex ...	1986	3577484
morphea another manifestation of lyme disease?		1986	3577486
joint and bone involvement in swedish patients with ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia infection.	the presence of signs of joint involvement was investigated in 231 patients with erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), in 50 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca), in four patients with spirochete-induced facial palsy and in one patient with pericarditis and serologic evidence of borrelia spirochetal infection. only one of 16 untreated patients with ecma developed arthritis. the patient with pericarditis had suffered from arthritis for 2 months when the cardiac symptoms d ...	1986	3577487
borrelia arthritis in sweden.	antibodies to borrelia spirochetes were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera from 298 patients with postinfectious arthritis. sera from healthy individuals, patients with acute infectious meningitis of proven etiology and patients with multiple sclerosis served as controls. titers above the 100% percentile of controls were found in five of 298 (2%) arthritis patients. two of the arthritis patients had higher titers than any titers previously found in swedish patient ...	1986	3577488
antibodies to borrelia spirochetes in sera from swedish cattle and sheep.		1986	3604822
cns manifestations of third stage lyme disease.		1987	3591079
involvement of borrelia burgdorferi in cranial nerve affection.	from january 1984 to august 1985 54 patients presented with cranial nerve lesions at the neurological department of the university hospital innsbruck. median age was 42 years, range 5-81 years. female male ratio was 49/15. in 17 patients cranial neuritis was consistent with meningopolyneuritis bannwarth (mpn) in 37 cases mere facial palsy was present. cranial neuritis in mpn-patients affected n. facilis in 10, n. opticus and n. oculo-motorius in one case each. five patients had polyneuritis cran ...	1987	3591083
neurological manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi-infections: the enlarging clinical spectrum.	we report on the clinical symptoms of 50 patients with serologically proven b. burgdorferi infection in stage 2 lyme disease. besides the typical pattern of the gbb-syndrom myelitis, encephalitis, cranial nerve neuritis others than bell's palsy, painful neuritis without csf-pleocytosis and meningitis without other neurological findings were observed.	1987	3591084
lyme disease in canada with possible transmission by an insect.	the first documented case of lyme disease to have originated in canada is presented. a 51-year old french female nurse visited quebec, canada from 20 july to 5 august, 1984 and contracted lyme disease. she reported an insect bite on 3 august 1984 on the back of her knee with erythema chronicum migrans appearing at the site of the bite on 5 august 1984. the patient presented with meningeal lymphocytic reaction near the end of september, 1984. total ig serum titers in indirect immunofluorescence t ...	1987	3591106
clinical and geographic characteristics of lyme disease in new york.	the clinical and geographic characteristics of 679 patients who met the clinical definition of lyme disease and who had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1: 128 to borrelia burgdorferi for a two year period, 1983-1984, are described. males outnumbered females 60% to 40% for the two year period and nearly half of all cases were children and young adults nineteen years old or younger. forty percent of the patients reported single or multiple tick bites prior to the onset of illness and t ...	1987	3591104
[tick-borne borrelia infection--an imitator of disease].		1987	3615187
lyme disease in texas.		1987	3591105
[lyme disease].		1987	3614394
tick-borne borrelia-meningitis in children. an outbreak in the kalmar area during the summer of 1984.	nine children, aged 5 to 11 years, with subacute or chronic meningitis were studied. symptoms started during the summer season in all patients and in eight of the patients the disease began with a localized erythematous lesion (ecm), mostly in the face. in one patient only there was a history of an insect bite at the site of the erythema. the neurological abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, peripheral facial nerve palsy (5/9) and oculomotor nerve palsy (1/9). most children complained of h ...	1987	3591290
occurrence of lyme borreliosis in hungary.		1987	3591100
investigations of ticks for the presence of borrelia in czechoslovakia.	more than 570 ticks from different parts of the country were studied microscopically. in 45 cases (8%) borreliae were found. the infectivity rate of ticks in different foci varied from 3-11%, in some instances nearly 20%. only ixodes ricinus, male and female ticks were positive in this study.	1987	3591101
infectiousness for humans of ixodes ricinus containing borrelia burgdorferi.	we studied the rate of transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (ixodes ricinus) to man under field conditions in a case control study. at a holiday camp in southern germany 384 ticks were removed from 272 persons. information on symptoms possibly related to borrelia infection were obtained by a questionnaire to be sent back six weeks after the tick bite. ticks were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (ift) for borrelia and 49 (12.8%) were found positive. blood was obtained from 41 ...	1987	3591103
high-dose penicillin therapy in meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth. clinical and cerebrospinal fluid data.	clinical data of 19 patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (mpn-gbb), treated with 2 x 10 million units intravenous sodium penicillin for 10 days, were evaluated at the beginning of therapy, 3 weeks thereafter, and 6 months after onset of the neurological disease. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was analysed in 14 patients at the onset of therapy and 3 1/2 weeks thereafter. at the same interval antibodies against b. burgdorferi were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (el ...	1987	3591089
acute and chronic illness after tick-bite borrelia burgdorferi-infections: results of treatment.	we report on clinical and laboratory findings of 28 patients with tick-bite borrelia burgdorferi-infection. in 5 cases chronic tertiary metaluetic manifestations were recognized. all were treated either with high-dose penicillin intravenously or tetracycline. results of treatment and recommendations are given.	1987	3591090
antibiotic therapy in early erythema migrans disease and related disorders.	between december 1978 and july 1985, we used various antibiotics for the treatment of 97 adult patients with early erythema migrans disease (emd). six patients with borrelial lymphocytoma (bl) and 20 with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) were treated similarly. follow-up was for a median of 20, 14, and 12 months, respectively. the erythema migrans and all associated symptoms resolved within a median of 3 weeks (0.5-18.4), bl within 7 weeks (4-16), and aca partly or completely within sev ...	1987	3591091
linear plasmids of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends.	the genetics of spirochetes, a division of eubacteria, has been little studied. double-stranded linear plasmids were found in borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. a 49-kilobase linear plasmid contained the ospa and ospb genes, which encode the major outer membrane proteins of strain b31. molecules of the 49-kilobase plasmid rapidly reannealed after alkaline denaturation; rapid renaturation was prevented if the 49-kilobase plasmids were first treated with s1 nuclease. when denatured p ...	1987	3603026
generalized exanthema, acute hepatitis with porphyrinuria and eosinophilia. another clinical feature of lyme disease?		1987	3591092
fatal-jarisch herxheimer reaction in a case of relapsing fever misdiagnosed as lobar pneumonia.	a fatal jarisch-herxheimer reaction developed after treatment with high doses of penicillin in a case of lobar pneumonia caused by borrelia duttoni. penicillin given on the first day and tetracycline on subsequent days to avoid severe jarisch-herxheimer reactions, has the disadvantage of a longer period of spirochetemia and hypotension as compared with tetracycline on the first day. treatment may have contributed to the death of this patient.	1987	3603698
demonstration of locally synthesized borrelia antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.	antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi develop slowly. low titers can be anamnestic. in order to prove the etiology of manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system like meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth or progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis we used the elisa to measure specific igg antibodies against ixodes ricinus borrelia per microgram igg in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. with the mentioned method we were able to demonstrate locally synthesized an ...	1987	3591093
prevalence of canine lyme disease from an endemic area as determined by serosurvey.	from august 1984 through february 1985, 423 dogs from 43 municipalities in 7 new jersey counties were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). of these dogs, 34.7% with no apparent clinical symptoms were serologically reactive (ifa greater than or equal to 1:64); titers in this study ranged from non-reactive to 1:2048. ninety percent of the dogs surveyed had a current vaccination status to leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icteroh ...	1987	3591094
choroid plexitis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern new york state.	brains, spinal cords, nerve roots, nerves and muscle tissues were removed from deer in southern new york state and examined for histologic evidence of infection by the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. there was no histologic evidence of this infection and only four of 26 deer had serologic evidence of past infection despite the fact that all were parasitized by the tick vector, ixodes dammini. of these ticks, 21% were carrying b. burgdorferi. in contrast, most of the deer h ...	1987	3603961
erythema chronicum migrans disease in the federal republic of germany.	epidemiology and clinical presentation of erythema chronicum migrans disease are not well known yet. during a period of only 19 months, serological and clinical investigation of 2955 patients rendered 1106 cases of infection whose widespread incidence was remarkable: of the 328 administration districts of the frg, 205 were affected. accordingly, positive antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi could be demonstrated in an average of 15.7% of the investigated rural population (2830 persons). typic ...	1987	3591095
lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals.	lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ...	1987	3605501
in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi.	the antispirochetal activity in vitro and in vivo of several antibiotics against ten isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from human spinal fluids and skin biopsies was determined. borrelia burgdorferi was most susceptible in vitro to erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (mic90: 0.06, 0.06, 0.12 mcg/ml respectively). less activity was observed with tetracycline, amoxycillin and lincomycin (mic90: 0.50 mcg/ml), imipenem and augmentin (mic90: 0.25 mcg/ml), oxacillin (mic90: 1 mcg/ml), ciprofloxaci ...	1987	3665899
transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae).	transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi was demonstrated for the first time in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus. one of three field-collected females with spirochetes in ovarial tissues produced 100% infected progeny that maintained the spirochetes transstadially and in 4 of 5 cases passed them via eggs to as many as 97% of f2 filial ticks. the progeny infected ovarially and by subsequent transstadial passage had generalized tissue infections that exhibited r ...	1987	3605502
epidemiology of borrelia infections in austria.	from april 1984 to july 1985 873 cases of borrelia infections were registered at the hygiene institute of the university of vienna. 2609 serum samples of these patients were investigated for antibodies against b. burgdorferi by means of ifa- and elisa-tests. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) was recognized in 60.9% of patients, neurological abnormalities were recorded in 23.4% of which the majority manifested themselves as polyradiculitis and meningopolyneuritis (mpn). acrodermatitis chronica atr ...	1987	3591096
b. burgdorferi in switzerland.		1987	3591097
isolation of borrelia spirochetes from patients in texas.	the texas department of health laboratory began culturing the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in 1985. this organism was subsequently isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, skin, bone, and autopsy tissues from humans. fluorescent-antibody tests with murine monoclonal antibodies confirmed that seven of these isolates were b. burgdorferi and that two others belonged to the genus borrelia.	1987	3611307
borrelia burgdorferi infection in man.		1987	3597034
[tick-borne diseases].		1987	3616325
cytologic features of cerebrospinal fluid in lyme disease.	the cytomorphologic findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of four patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (lyme disease) related to a tick bite (due in at least two cases to borrelia burgdorferi) are reported. in all cases, the may-grünwald-giemsa-stained centrifuge preparations of the csf showed a cellular pattern consisting of a lymphocytic pleocytosis composed mainly of immunoblasts and plasma cells associated with numerous foamy macrophages. direct immunofluorescence studies in one ...	1987	3604539
electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes.	the ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. the isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.18-0.35 micron in width and from 3.9-14.2 micron in length. twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. the majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. human intestin ...	1987	3609249
association of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and morphea.	a patient developed successively acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) and localized scleroderma. aca was demonstrated to be a tick-borne disease, whereas morphea is only suspected to be one. as morphea appeared after successful treatment of aca, it suggests that localized scleroderma is not directly an infectious disease but might be rather the consequence of spirochetal infection.	1987	3678554
[meningoradiculitis after a tick bite. study of 31 cases].	a retrospective study covering a period of 20 years identified reports on 31 cases of meningoradiculitis of the garin-bujadoux-bannwarth type (mrgbb). clinical, biological, electromyographic characteristics and course of the disease were studied. the most recent cases (n = 8) in 1984 and 1985 had serological tests for borrelia burgdorferi and half of the cases had negative results. conversely, in some patients with meningoradiculitis, even in the absence of a tick bite or of migrating chronic er ...	1987	3616364
[anti-cardiolipin antibodies in lyme disease].		1987	3616457
susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was investigated by inoculating rats with infected tick suspensions or by allowing infected ixodes scapularis nymphs to feed on them. culture of blood samples in bsk ii medium demonstrated that cotton rats developed spirochetemias that lasted for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks and were of sufficient concentration to infect simultaneously feeding normal i. scapularis nymphs. the spiroc ...	1987	3688316
prognostic value of the borrelia-index in relapsing fever.		1987	3691349
[lyme disease from the neurologist's viewpoint].	the gamut of neurological symptoms observed in lyme disease is outlined on the basis of 45 case histories. the borrelia infection of the nervous system manifests itself primarily at the spinal roots and the cranial nerves. signs of spinal cord and brain involvement were found in well over a third of the patients studied. these may be taken as the result of the infection spreading to parenchymatous structures or as vessel reactions and infections. long-lasting exhaustion and residual focal defici ...	1987	3616582
[lyme disease, an infectious cause of facial paralysis. apropos of a case].	a case of facial palsy first unilateral then bilateral, due to lyme disease, is reported. this disease, transmitted by ticks, is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) known as the etiologic agent since 1982.	1987	3674641
[epidemiology of ixodes-borreliosis in southern germany].	intimate adaptation occurs between european strains of borrelia burgdorferi and the local hard tick ixodes ricinus. i. dammini, the important vector in usa, could not be infected experimentally with a strain of the lyme spirochete from southern germany. other species of blood suckers are sometimes able to maintain uptaken spirochetes for a few days, but never to compensate the tick vector. man seems to be a good host for b. burgdorferi but without epidemiological significance due to his poor vec ...	1987	3623604
absence of lipopolysaccharide in the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	we were unable to demonstrate the presence of the classic enterobacterium-type lipopolysaccharide in the cells of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi b31. this finding was primarily based on chemical analysis and the absence of free lipid a upon mild acid hydrolysis of the appropriate cell extracts. these results do not preclude the possible existence of an unusual lipopolysaccharide-like compound(s) in b. burgdorferi.	1987	3623705
seasonal prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in natural populations of white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 111 of 237 peromyscus leucopus captured during all seasons of the year. borreliae were cultured from tissues of the spleen (101 mice), left kidney (76 mice), and right kidney (73 mice), from blood (12 mice), and from one fetus. mice were infected during the winter, when immature ixodes dammini were inactive. the prevalence of infection during the winter (less than or equal to 33%) was more than twofold lower than that d ...	1987	3624451
chronic muscle weakness caused by borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis.	a 19-year-old man developed chronic weakness of the lower limbs as the predominant manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. spirochetes were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid. the condition resolved following intravenous penicillin treatment.	1987	3674804
experimental infections of mosquitoes with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease.		1987	3624914
[tick-borne borrelia spirochete infections in man].		1987	3629568
[chronic erythema migrans and chronic acrodermatitis atrophicans. tick-borne borrelia spirochete infections of the skin].		1987	3629569
[effect of ultrasound-disintegrated spirochetes on blood coagulation and hemodynamics in chickens].	blood coagulation tests and histopathologic investigations of birds were carried out following the injection of a suspension of spirochaetes destroyed with ultrasound. it was found that the suspension acted as thromboplastin, causing disseminated intravascular clotting of blood after intravenous injection.	1987	3629949
chronic borreliosis, type acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, in the mosan region of belgium.		1987	3631459
jarisch-herxheimer reaction in lyme disease.	the jarisch-herxheimer reaction includes the accentuation of symptoms during antibiotic therapy. more commonly associated with the treatment of syphilis, it can also occur in patients treated for lyme disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi.	1987	3581911
bannwarth's syndrome and the enlarged neurological spectrum of arthropod-borne borreliosis.	we evaluated the clinical data of 80 patients with neurological disorders due to european arthropod-borne borrelia burgdorferi infections proven by specific antibody titers. painful meningoradiculitis of bannwarth was the predominant neurological manifestation in adults, whereas meningitis with headache and slight stiff neck was the most frequent neurological syndrome in children. central nervous system involvement occurred only in 13% of the patients; one of these patients had chronic encephalo ...	1987	3591086
borrelia meningitis in denmark.	we studied 23 patients with borrelia meningitis, a tick-borne spirochetosis increasingly recognized in denmark. the disease showed a seasonal incidence from june to december. twenty one patients experienced a painful sensory radiculitis, in 17 cases followed by a predominantly cranial mononeuritis multiplex mainly affecting the facial nerve (bannwarth's syndrome). three patients had focal cns involvement in the form of a transverse myelitis, a focal encephalitis and a disseminated leucoencephalo ...	1987	3591087
bannwarth's syndrome in the netherlands.		1987	3591088
[borrelia meningitis mistaken for malignancy in the cns].		1987	3586789
transovarial transmission of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes dammini (acari:ixodidae).		1987	3598218
neurologic complications of erythema-migrans-disease in childhood--clinical aspects.	erythema-migrans-disease represents a tick-borne borreliosis with a high and widespread incidence according to first epidemiological surveys. the early symptom is a distinctive erythema migrans eventually followed by arthritis and cardiac involvement as well as neurologic complications in the form of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth. in a one-year-period we observed 9 children who developed neurologic complications as the predominant feature of erythema-migrans-disease. ei ...	1987	3591085
chronic forms of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system.	three european patients had chronic active forms of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system, with high titers of antibodies to this spirochete in serum and csf. two patients had meningitis for 3 to 4 years, with remissions in one and slowly progressive symptoms in the other. both had ct lucencies in the basal ganglia. the third patient had lumbosacral plexus neuropathy for 1 year. all three patients responded to intravenous penicillin treatment.	1987	3587624
clinical manifestations of borrelia infections of the nervous system.	clinical, treatment and laboratory parameters were analyzed in 46 consecutive swedish patients with borrelia infections of the nervous system. the importance of age in the clinical symptoms, the wide spectrum of disease, and the chronic behaviour of the borrelia infection of the nervous system was stressed, as well as the benefit of high-dose intravenous antibiotics, especially penicillin g. borrelia infection of the nervous system can imitate other diseases. when associated with meningitis it c ...	1987	3591077
progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis.		1987	3591078
bannwarth's syndrome: serum and csf igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi examined by elisa.	a newly identified spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, has recently been established as the causal agent of chronic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome, bs). an etiological diagnosis can be obtained by specific antibody determination. to detect intrathecally produced borrelia antibodies, we examined paired serum and csf samples from 10 bs patients and 41 controls. csf/serum igg specific antibody indices were calculated by relating the csf/serum ratio of specific antibody activity to the csf/s ...	1987	3577666
ixodes dammini and borrelia burgdorferi in northern new england and upstate new york.		1987	3585637
duration of tick attachment and borrelia burgdorferi transmission.	nymphal ixodes dammini transmitted borrelia burgdorferi to 1 of 14 rodents exposed for 24 h, 5 of 14 rodents exposed for 48 h, and 13 of 14 rodents exposed for greater than or equal to 72 h. prompt removal of attached ticks is a prudent public health measure, especially in regions where lyme disease is endemic.	1987	3571459
prevention of borrelia recurrentis infection with tetracycline.		1987	3583707
adult ixodes dammini on rabbits: a hypothesis for the development and transmission of borrelia burgdorferi.	a histological study of unfed ixodes dammini adults has shown that the lyme disease spirochete can be found in the midgut diverticula of these ticks and is presumably carried over from the nymphal stage. sequential histology of the early stages of ticks feeding on a rabbit showed that spirochetes began to divide and were located in close proximity or attached to the epithelial cells of the diverticulae. evidence for division was obtained by the higher number of spirochetes per tick after a three ...	1987	3572040
lyme disease--another spirochaetal mimicker?		1987	3572023
[lyme arthritis].	infection by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is mainly observed in the united states where it has taken the name of lyme's disease, and in europe. its evolution may be very extended, in several phases. a few weeks after a tick-bite, the primary lesion appears, which is a chronic migrating erythema. in the following weeks or months, in the secondary phase, nerve lesions may appear, quite similar in europe and in the united states, and cardiac lesions, mostly seen in the united states. in the foll ...	1987	3563386
in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, to four antimicrobial agents.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from human spinal fluid was determined in vitro and in vivo. a broth dilution technique was used to determine the mbcs of four antimicrobial agents. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to ceftriaxone (mbc, 0.04 microgram/ml) and erythromycin (mbc, 0.05 microgram/ml), then tetracycline (mbc, 0.8 microgram/ml), and finally penicillin g (mbc, 6.4 micrograms/ml). syrian hamsters were used to determine the 50% curative dos ...	1987	3566246
dissemination and salivary delivery of lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks (acari: ixodidae).		1987	3585913
[diagnosis and treatment of borrelia burgdorferi infections in france. apropos of 3 cases of lyme disease of neurological form].		1987	3563368
[consider borrelia infection even if the cerebrospinal fluid cytology is negative].		1987	3431221
[borreliosis of the erythema centrifugum type and pick-herxheimer disease (case report in the huy region)].		1987	3432796
[serologic diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection].		1987	3433272
lyme disease.		1987	3496660
an interlaboratory study of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi.		1987	3553353
prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in mice on islands inhabited by white-tailed deer.	borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti were isolated from 35 of 51 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) captured on two narragansett bay, r.i., islands inhabited by deer, the principal host for the adult stages of the vector tick, ixodes dammini. immature ticks parasitized mice from both islands. from 105 mice captured on four other islands not inhabited by deer neither pathogen was isolated, nor were i. dammini found.	1987	3555339
argyll robertson pupils in lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome)		1987	3559622
programmed gene rearrangements altering gene expression.	programmed gene rearrangements are used in nature to to alter gene copy number (gene amplification and deletion), to create diversity by reassorting gene segments (as in the formation of mammalian immunoglobulin genes), or to control the expression of a set of genes that code for the same function (such as surface antigens). two major mechanisms for expression control are dna inversion and dna transposition. in dna inversion a dna segment flips around and is rejoined by site-specific recombinati ...	1987	3544215
[borrelia infection causing dementia. intensive attention in the early stages is needed].		1987	3561117
[acute and chronic borrelioses transmitted by ticks along the meuse river and in bordering regions].		1987	3563194
lymphocytic meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis due to borrelia burgdorferi: a clinical and serological study of 18 cases.	clinical features of 18 patients with either lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (n = 17) or chronic encephalomyelitis (n = 1) due to borrelia burgdorferi are reported. arthropod bites were recorded in only seven patients. high titres of anti b burgdorferi antibodies were detected in sera from all patients and in csf from 12 out of 17 patients tested. all patients had csf abnormalities especially pleocytosis and oligoclonal bands. a falsely positive syphilitic serology was observed in the csf from th ...	1987	3437290
[a case of lyme disease due to tick bite].		1987	3441026
[borrelia infections in children. clinical picture and personal cases].		1987	3441097