Publications

discovery of the lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors.	the various hypotheses concerning the etiologic agent of erythema chronicum migrans of europe and of lyme disease in the united states are reviewed, and an account of events that led to the discovery of the causative spirochetal agent in ixodes dammini is presented. spirochetes morphologically and antigenically similar, if not identical to, the organism detected in i. dammini were also found for the first time in ixodes pacificus and ixodes ricinus, the vectors hitherto incriminated, respectivel ...	1984	6516454
dna characterization of lyme disease spirochetes.	lyme disease spirochetes (lds) have phenotypic characteristics of both treponemes and borreliae. to ascertain whether one or more species of lds exist, as well as their taxonomic status, we determined the dna base (g + c) content for three strains of lds, the dna relatedness of ten strains isolated in the united states or europe, and the dna relatedness of lds to other spirochetes. the g + c content of the three lds strains was 28.1-29.0 mol%, most similar to those of borellia hermsii (30.6 mol ...	1984	6516455
ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini.	two strains of ixodes spirochetes, one isolated in the united states (b31) and the other in sweden (g25), were examined by electron microscopy. cells of strain g25 were 11-25 micron long with a wavelength of 2.1-2.4 micron and an amplitude of 0.4 micron. eleven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell. cells of strain b31 were similar but had eleven or seven flagella. cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in cells of either strain. although not identical, both strains showed ultr ...	1984	6516456
susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete to seven antimicrobial agents.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of five lyme disease spirochete strains (two human and three tick isolates) was determined. a macrodilution broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of seven antibiotics. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a mic of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. the spirochete was also found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracy ...	1984	6516457
avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut.	spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ...	1984	6516460
[etiology of erythema migrans disease and lyme disease. review and results of personal study].	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), lymphadenosis cutis benigna and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) have been well known in europe for a long time as skin diseases induced by tickbites. earlier hints that these inflammatory dermatoses and associated disorders (erythema migrans disease) might be of spirochetal origin are now supported by the findings of several groups in the usa and europe. in the united states the endemic occurrence of a new inflammatory disease which seems to be closely ...	1984	6519987
enteritis and green diarrhoea in experimental avian spirochaetosis.	chickens infected with a virulent strain of borrelia anserina showed acute enteritis, haemosiderosis in intestinal villi and green diarrhoea. although spirochaetes in the intestine had begun to disintegrate 96 hours after infection, enteritis and green diarrhoea continued. it is suggested that the greenish discoloration may be a consequence of enteritis and haemosiderosis.	1984	6522838
borrelia sp. infection in a horse.	the clinical signs, response to treatment and features of the spirochaete, borrelia theileri as was found in a horse with suspected borreliasis are described.	1984	6545371
bacteremia caused by campylobacter-like organisms in two male homosexuals.	bacteremia caused by newly described campylobacter-like organisms occurred in two immunosuppressed homosexual patients with tuberculosis. although these organisms grow well in aerobic bottles using a radiometric blood culture system, they are not readily seen in gram-stained smears and are easily missed if routine subculture methods are used. microscopic examination of wet preparations and subculture to brucella agar base supplemented with 10% sheep blood and incubated in microaerophilic conditi ...	1984	6431862
[lyme disease--another tick-borne disease in austria].	infection with tick-borne spirochetes (e.g. borrelia burgdorferi) may lead to the development of erythema chronicum migrans, acrodermatitis atrophicans, meningopolyneuritis bannwarth, and a special type of reactive arthritis named lyme disease after the american endemic area. since these diseases occur also in austria, their clinical features are described in this review; a clear distinction must be made between the neurological manifestation of lyme disease and those of tick-bite mediated early ...	1984	6396970
prolonged igm response within the central nervous system in lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome)		1985	4058499
[borrelia meningitis in a 3-year-old child].		1985	4058111
[early penicillin treatment can prevent cns symptoms in tick-transmitted borrelia meningitis].		1985	4046663
[borreliosis--still a diagnostic labyrinth].	acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth following initial erythema migrans represent infectious diseases and may lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. three case reports illustrate the spirochetal nature of these entities usually transmitted by ticks (ixodes ricinus).	1985	4049991
response of mononuclear cells to borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4051366
fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium.	a 66-year-old man developed fever, chills, myalgias, three erythematous skin lesions, and transient left eyelid lag. because of persistent fever, he was hospitalized 4 weeks after the onset of disease; a peripheral blood smear showed babesia microti in 3% of his erythrocytes. eighteen hours later, he died unexpectedly. autopsy showed pancarditis with a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and spirochetes were found in the myocardium. antibody titers to both the lyme disease spirochete borrelia ...	1985	4040723
lyme arthritis: does endotoxin play a role?		1985	4043072
tick borne relapsing fever imported into the united kingdom.	a case of tick borne relapsing fever contracted in cyprus and imported into england is reported. this is the first report of the diagnosis being established by finding the organism in the bone marrow.	1985	4045802
[tick-transmitted borrelia spirochetosis in sweden. irreversible changes can appear if banal and self-healing symptoms are not treated from the onset].		1985	4046662
facial palsy in bannwarth's syndrome: a tick-borne spirochetosis.		1985	4026670
lyme disease.		1985	4029451
lyme disease: commentary from europe.		1985	4022392
borrelia theileri: isolation from ticks (boophilus microplus) and tick-borne transmission between splenectomized calves.	the bovine spirochete, borrelia theileri, was detected in giemsastained blood smears from a splenectomized calf 17 days after exposure to a laboratory colony of the tropical cattle tick, boophilus microplus. spirochetes were detected in the hemolymph and ovary of all engorged female ticks examined, indicating a high infection rate in this tick colony. spirochetes were detected in a 2nd splenectomized calf 15 days after exposure to the larval offspring of ticks from the 1st calf. the only observa ...	1985	4026019
lyme arthritis. spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions.	in 17 patients with lyme disease, synovial specimens, obtained by synovectomy or needle biopsy, showed nonspecific villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia, prominent microvasculature, lymphoplasmacellular infiltration, and sometimes lymphoid follicles. the larger surgically obtained specimens also showed striking deposition of fibrin in synovial stroma and a form of endarteritis obliterans. in 2 patients, spirochetes were seen in and around blood vessels by the dieterle silver stain. comp ...	1985	3966535
a single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete.	a gene bank of dna from the lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pbr322. plasmid ptrh32, a recombinant that in escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete, was identified. one of the recombinant products, designated ospa, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated ospb, represents a more variable surface protein. this recombinant plas ...	1985	3969554
neonatal borrelia species infection (relapsing fever).	two cases of neonatal borrelia infection occurred. the first was in a 30-hour-old bedouin neonate who had been delivered of a febrile mother in a tent. she was admitted to the hospital on the second day of life in a good, general state. her condition deteriorated a few hours after admission when jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemorrhage appeared. borrelia organisms were found on peripheral blood smear. the patient died 16 hours after admission. findings from the physical examination of the mo ...	1985	3969988
relapsing fever: new lessons about antibiotic action.		1985	3970476
mice as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete.	in evaluating the white-footed mouse as a reservoir host for the lyme disease spirochete, we compared spirochete infection in vector ticks (ixodes dammini) having different histories of attachment to these mice, estimated their relative importance as hosts for immature i. dammini and compared the seasonality of tick activity and spirochetemia in mice. infection in trapped white-footed mice appears to be universal. prevalence of spirochetal infection in i. dammini correlates with frequency of att ...	1985	3985277
borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut.	blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ...	1985	3997647
arthritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi in dogs.	from october 1982 to may 1984, we studied 34 dogs from the lyme, conn area that had a history of tick exposure and lameness associated with pain, warmth, and/or swelling in one or more joints. large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in giemsa-stained smears of synovial fluid from 9 dogs, and spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) were found in 1 sample by darkfield microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. the geometric mean antibody titer to b burgdorferi in the 34 dogs was 1:2,70 ...	1985	3997648
isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota.	lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ...	1985	4001130
maternal-fetal transmission of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4003991
[progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis. chronic manifestation of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system].	a 54-year-old housewife became ill with transient diplopia followed by facial paralysis, tremor of the right hand and a progressively worsening disturbance in gait. four years after the first appearance of the disease bilateral hypacusia, paralysis of the right hypoglossal nerve, dysarthria, severe spastic tetraparesis with ataxia, urinary retention and an organically induced character change were present. lumbar puncture fluid contained 51/mm3 lymphocytes and 1164 mg/dl protein. immunoglobulin ...	1985	4006760
chemical and biologic characterization of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from the lyme disease spirochete by a modification of the hot phenol-water method. the material was composed of 45% carbohydrate, 8% protein, 44% lipid a, and 1% 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid and accounted for approximately 1.5% of the cellular dry weight. the isolated lps possessed several biologic activities characteristic of endotoxins. the lps was pyrogenic for rabbits, mitogenic for human mononuclear cells and murine splenocytes, capable of clotting ...	1985	4008983
[bannwarth's syndrome--a spirochetal cause of meningoradiculitis].		1985	4017909
[borreliosis: description of 4 cases].		1985	4021624
borrelia burgdorferi, a possible cause of bell's palsy?	the etiology of bell's palsy (b.p.) is as yet unknown. in 7 out of 20 patients with b.p. we observed significantly elevated antibodies against borrelia burgdoferi (igm and igg) by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test (iift). controls were 50 healthy subjects and 25 patients with various neurological disorders. all were of comparable age and sex, with similar residential backgrounds. in this group no significant titer of antibodies against b.burgdorferi were detectable.	1985	3912092
lyme disease in italy: first reported case.	the aa describe the first italian case of lyme disease in a middle aged woman: the patient developed after a tick bite the classical erythema chronicum migrans lesions and one month later an oligoarthritis. by indirect immunofluorescence assay it has been found a significant titre compatible with an infection by borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease.	1985	3913452
[discovery of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi)].		1985	3842700
[borreliosis].		1985	3854712
characterization of monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum.	thirteen hybrid cell lines which produce mouse monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, have been established. all of the monoclonal antibodies react with t. pallidum, nichols strain, in elisa and in immunofluorescence assays, but do not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue in the elisa. two of these antibodies were demonstrated to react with the nonpathogenic treponemes t. phagedenis, biotype reiter, t. refringens (noguchi strain), t. vincentii, and t. ...	1985	3880576
isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion.	a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ...	1985	3898367
the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus: a vector of borrelia burgdorferi.	to determine the significance of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, as a vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, a tick/spirochete survey was conducted in northern california and southwestern oregon from 1982 to 1984. of 1,687 adult ticks collected off vegetation, 25 (1.48%) contained spirochetes. of 715 ticks from oregon, 14 (1.96%) were infected whereas 11 (1.13%) of 972 ticks from california harbored spirochetes. an isolate of 1 of the spirochetes reacted sp ...	1985	3898886
[penicillin treatment is of value in borrelia-associated arthritis].		1985	3900605
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes.	in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ...	1985	3901647
isolation and characterization of the lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans.	the lyme disease spirochete, which had previously been isolated with difficulty from human skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease, was grown from six of fourteen skin biopsies cultured in a newly modified kelly's medium. in two instances the lyme disease spirochetes that were grown were also seen in histopathologic sections. organisms grew in clumps in liquid culture medium. all six isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody to a 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. only th ...	1985	3902917
tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden.	spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ...	1985	3903977
[lymphocytoma--a borreliosis?].	4 patients suffering from lymphocytoma had been observed for a mean of 1.75 years (13 to 21 month). the lesions were located on the ears; all patients developed regional lymphadenopathy. two patients experienced headaches of short duration, one child showed six erythema migrans lesions, and another child had an elevated igm level of 322 mg/dl. a tick bite was noted in one child. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed significantly elevated igg or igm antibody titers against ixodes dammini an ...	1985	3904252
[erythema migrans borreliosis in the federal republic of germany. epidemiology and clinical aspects].	a positive antibody titre against ixodes-ricinus-borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or elisa, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between january 1984 and july 1985. in 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. the 1106 cases of infection observed covered all region ...	1985	3905325
endotoxicity of newly recognized gram negative organism: a collective review.	a comprehensive picture of the in part personal investigations concerning an endotoxin-like activity associated with some recently recognized gram negative significant pathogens has been drawn. suspensions of heat-killed organisms (or endotoxic lipopolysaccharide when available) have been tested using as markers of endotoxicity the limulus assay and the skin shwartzman reaction in rabbit. some general considerations are finally set forth on the possible role of the surface structures in mediatin ...	1985	3907664
[lyme disease in finland].		1985	4017911
[basis for the possible use of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for the serological diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis].		1985	3911041
experimental studies on the replication and dissemination of qalyub virus (bunyaviridae: nairovirus) in the putative tick vector, ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) erraticus.	a study was undertaken to determine if the argasid tick, ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) erraticus, can serve as a biological vector of qalyub (qyb) virus. the suckling mice used as viremic vertebrate hosts were acceptable hosts for all feeding stages of this tick and developed relatively high titered viremias (4.4-6.5 log10pfu/ml) 24-120 hr post intracerebral inoculation. larval, nymphal, and adult ticks became orally infected with qyb virus after ingesting 4.4-6.4 log10pfu/ml. the overall infecti ...	1985	3918473
identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis).	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ...	1985	3926816
unilateral blindness caused by infection with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4026085
lyme disease and related disorders.	lyme disease and related tick-borne diseases are caused by borrelia spp. this discovery has sparked off a revival of interest in the ecology, pathology and epidemiology of these spirochaetes.	1985	3940015
polyneuritis cranialis associated with borrelia burgdorferi.	three patients with classical idiopathic polyneuritis cranialis, in whom no other aetiology could be detected, were examined serologically, by means of indirect immunofluorescence test, for antibodies (igm and igg) against borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiologic agent of lyme disease. in each case polyneuritis cranialis was caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi. therapy with penicillin proved to be effective.	1985	4078585
[cerebrospinal borreliosis or bannwarth's syndrome. a neurological infection transmitted by a wood tick].		1985	4071812
[etiologic and epidemiologic questions posed by erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. apropos of 4 cases at the regional hospital center, rennes].	the authors give 4 observations, made in rennes (france), of 3 cases contracted in france and 1 in canada, cases they think to be related, for 3 at least, to the infectious entity described by american authors under the name of lyme disease. if 1 of these cases was limited to an erythema chronicum migrans, the 3 others showed a beginning evolution towards a classical lyme disease. in 2 of these 3 last cases, the infection was perhaps cut short by a quickly applied therapy by antibiotics. they di ...	1985	4075471
transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium borrelia hermsii.	in borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete that causes relapsing fever, the switch between expression of two frequent variable major protein (vmp) types (7 and 21) is associated with a dna rearrangement. both cell types 7 and 21 contain untranscribed 7 and 21 vmp genes on linear plasmids. the serotype 7 cells contain an additional copy of the 7 vmp gene fused to an expression sequence on another linear plasmid. switching to the 21 serotype involves removal of the transcribed 7 vmp gene and fusion of a c ...	1985	4069202
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in new england horses: serologic survey.	twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against b burgdorferi. one of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. this difference in the number of horses seropositive for b burgdorferi (p less than 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to b ...	1985	4083595
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a borreliosis!].	spirochetes were recovered from the skin lesions of two patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. both patients assume that they had a tick bite. sera from both patients showed increased igg-antibody titers to a borrelia burgdorferi strain isolated from the skin.	1985	4086299
[spirochetal infections following wood tick bites].		1985	4071811
[lyme disease--tick-borne borreliosis in hungary].		1985	4058917
isolation of spirochetes from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans in austria.	spirochetal organisms were isolated from biopsies (skin punches) of the erythematous anular skin lesion of three patients with erythema chronicum migrans. the organisms were cultivated in modified kelly's medium and - after an incubation period of 2 weeks - discovered by dark field microscopy (x 200). compared with the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi the organisms did not differ in shape, motility and reaction with polyclonal antiserum. differences to b. burgdorferi were found in (i) ver ...	1985	4060924
serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of lyme disease and babesiosis.	babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, are both transmitted by the tick ixodes dammini. serological evidence has shown that 54% of the patients with babesiosis tested have igg and igm antibodies to the spirochete causing lyme disease. likewise, 66% of randomly selected patients with lyme disease from geographic areas endemic for both diseases, but not from areas where babesiosis does not occur, also have igm and igg antibodies to b. microti. antigenic cr ...	1985	4031555
diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.	the antibody response against a spirochetal strain isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assay of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. samples of csf, serum, or both from patients with various infections of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, syphilis, or infectious mononucleosis and from healthy individuals served as control samples. pro ...	1985	3889049
serologic studies of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	to determine whether antibodies to borrelia spirochetes were present, sera from 88 patients with uncomplicated erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), from 9 patients with ecma-related extracutaneous complications and from 26 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) were submitted to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an indirect immunofluorescence (if) assay. the assays were calculated to be 95% specific. there was good correlation between the if test with a pol ...	1985	2420115
variable major proteins of borrelia hermsii. epitope mapping and partial sequence analysis of cnbr peptides.	the variable major proteins (vmp) of serotypes 7 and 21 of the relapsing fever agent borrelia hermsii were isolated by detergent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. cyanogen bromide (cnbr) digestion of the isolated vmp yielded two peptides of apparent molecular weights 20,000 (20 k) and 16 k from vmp7, and three peptides of 14.5, 14, and 7 k mol wt from vmp21. serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies bound in western blots to one of each of the two or three cnbr fragments from ...	1985	2409197
heterogeneity of major proteins in lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of north american and european isolates.	we examined 46 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease and related disorders, with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. our attention was on the ospa proteins, which are major proteins of the spirochete. there were at least four discernible phenotypes of the ospa protein. while 25 north american isolates were, with one exception, homogeneous in the type of ospa protein that they produced, 21 european isolates were heterogeneous in the types ...	1985	2411827
tick-borne relapsing fever in a premature infant.	relapsing fever is caused by the borrelia species of spirochetes. louse-born epidemics of the disease may occur but the endemic disease is usually transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (ornithodorus). transplacental infection was suggested more than 75 years ago (1) but has been rarely documented (2). we describe a case of neonatal relapsing fever where maternal infection was the probable cause of the premature delivery and infection in the infant.	1985	2415056
antigenic variation is associated with dna rearrangements in a relapsing fever borrelia.	borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, undergoes antigenic variation in its host. surface-exposed proteins with differing primary structures determine the serotype of each organism. using amino acid sequence data from two of these variable proteins, we synthesized two mixed-sequence oligonucleotides and then used the oligonucleotides to probe mrna and dna of three isogenic serotypes of b. hermsii. in northern blots the probes were specific for the mrna of the homologous serotype. souther ...	1985	2580643
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks.		1985	2582217
differences between lyme disease and european arthropod-borne borrelia infections.		1985	2857456
meningoradiculitis associated with infections by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2862333
is localised scleroderma a borrelia infection?		1985	2862452
meningoradiculitis associated with infection by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2861356
lyme disease in patients previously suspected of arbovirus infection.		1985	2861536
[lyme disease without arthritis: presence of antiborrelia burgdorferi antibodies in meningoradiculitis following chronic erythema migrans].		1985	2931689
[lyme disease: 2 new cases confirmed serologically].		1985	2933718
[meningoradiculitis caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) after arthropod bite].	eight cases of meningoradiculitis (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth's syndrome) are presented; the first case followed an "unidentified insect" bite and erythema chronicum migrans, whereas the second and third cases were not preceded by any documented insect bite or erythema; they occurred during summer in 1984 and 1985 and were characterized by cranial or radicular neuritis, lymphocytic meningitis, positive serology by immunofluorescence against borrelia burgdorferi and a good response to penicillin (2 ...	1985	3008294
[the tick ornithodoros papillipes count in namangan and andizhan provinces and its determining factors].	analysis of the abundance of the tick o. papillipes in the namangan and andizhan districts was conducted on vast material. according to the tick abundance (from very high to very low) settlements were arranged into five groups. most common are settlements with a high and average tick abundance. in most cases the agent of trf was isolated from the ticks. natural and anthropogenic factors determining the abundance rate of ticks in some settlements and possibilities of their practical use for the q ...	1986	2939389
[meningoencephalitis in a repatriate from senegal. think of borreliosis].		1986	2942857
[diagnosis and differential diagnosis of back pain from the neurological point of view].	affections of the vertebral body, the intervertebral disc, the epidural and subdural space, the nerve root, and the spinal cord may have back pain as the main symptom. initially a topical diagnosis is established in the light of the neurologic symptoms and signs (segmental "beltlike" pain, radicular motor and sensory signs, central mono-, para-, and tetraparesis, as well as sensory signs and bladder dysfunction). degenerative changes and herniated discs are the most frequent causes of cervical a ...	1986	2947322
cellular immune response in lyme disease: the response to mitogens, live borrelia burgdorferi, nk cell function and lymphocyte subsets.	although some manifestations of lyme disease may be secondary to the presence of b. burgdorferi, the immune system appears to play a significant role in the clinical manifestations of the disease. the humoral response is well characterized, however the cellular response remains poorly defined. to further define cellular immunity in lyme disease, the responses of lymphocytes from patients with active lyme disease were assessed to con a, pha, pwm, tetanus toxoid, and whole live b. burgdorferi. in ...	1986	2953150
[double infection with early summer meningoencephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi].	a 68-year-old woman developed a meningoencephalitis 18 days after a tick bite. igg and igm antibodies against tick-encephalitis virus were demonstrated, by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). lymphoplasmocytic pleocytosis was present in csf for over six weeks, as was an increased igm level. three weeks after the onset of neurological symptoms and clearing of the encephalitis there occurred multiple peripheral pareses in the left leg which were slow t ...	1986	3011378
organization of genes encoding two outer membrane proteins of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi within a single transcriptional unit.	ospa and ospb are major outer membrane proteins and antigens of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. we examined the organization of ospa and ospb, the genes encoding these proteins. the location and direction of transcription of each osp gene was determined by subcloning, deletion analysis, and transposon tn5 mutagenesis. transposon tn5 insertions within the ospa gene abrogated expression of ospb, suggesting that these genes are transcribed from a common promoter. northern blot an ...	1986	3019889
neuropathy of vasculitic origin in a case of garin-boujadoux-bannwarth syndrome with positive borrelia antibody response.	a 42-year-old man suffered from erythema chronicum migrans on different parts of the body after repeated tick bites. a few months after the last tick bite he developed a painful neuropathy in both legs with patchy disturbance of sensibility, mild weakness of the feet and loss of the right ankle jerk. repeated determinations of antibodies against borrelia spirochetes revealed increasing igg titres. biopsy of the left sural nerve, which was clinically and electrophysiologically affected, showed a ...	1986	3009723
spirochaetes and lyme disease.		1986	2877362
[atrioventricular block in meningoradiculitis caused by tick bites].		1986	2939431
proliferative responses of mononuclear cells in lyme disease. reactivity to borrelia burgdorferi antigens is greater in joint fluid than in blood.	in 27 patients with early lyme disease, the mean response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to lyme spirochetal borrelia burgdorferi antigens (723 counts per minute) was similar to that of control subjects. during convalescence, 2-3 weeks later, the patients' mean response was significantly higher (2,075 cpm, p less than 0.008). compared with those with early disease, the pbmc of 22 patients with lyme arthritis reacted even more to b burgdorferi (2,923 cpm, p less than 0.0004), and, b ...	1986	2941022
treponematoses and tropical spastic paraparesis.		1986	2870309
multiple sclerosis associated with sinusitis.		1986	2871364
myocarditis associated with tickborne borrelia burgdorferi infection.		1986	2872445
the etiologic agent of lyme disease in deer flies, horse flies, and mosquitoes.		1986	2873190
borrelia encephalomyelitis.		1986	2873329
multiple sclerosis and borrelia burgdorferi.		1986	2875306
reinfection with borrelia burgdorferi.		1986	2877167
borderline antibody response in initial stages of lymphocytic meningitis does not rule out borreliosis.		1986	2878326
an ige response to spirochete antigen in patients with lyme disease.	most but not all lyme disease patients produce specific ige antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. development of ige antibodies paralleled that of other immunologic classes and appeared to be directed against a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. total serum ige levels in lyme disease patients were usually within the normal range in all stages of the disease. however, highly elevated total serum ige in certain patients were not correlated to any particular disease stage nor to specific ...	1986	2437736