| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: prevention and control limitations in a resource-poor country. | in autumn 2000, an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) occurred in pakistan and involved nosocomial cases due to human-to-human transmission at a tertiary care hospital in karachi. during a hospital-based investigation, 6 serologically confirmed cases (i.e., patients seropositive for cchf antigen or anti-cchf immunoglobulin m antibodies by means of a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa]) and 3 clinically confirmed cases (i.e., patients with negative elisa for cchf but ... | 2004 | 15227619 |
| [epidemiological evaluation of a possible outbreak in and nearby tokat province]. | between the dates of may 4th-august 6th 2002, 46 cases were detected with abdominal pain nausea, vomiting, arthralgia/myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea and rash, in the middle blacksea and north inner anatolia regions. their laboratory findings yielded elevated levels of liver enzymes (ast, alt, ldh), leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. as the infection was treated easily with tetracyclines, clinical diagnosis was considered to be rickettsiosis or ehrlichiosis. serum and blood samples obtained fro ... | 2004 | 15293900 |
| [safety issues in new and emerging infections]. | | 2004 | 15320545 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in sistan and baluchestan province of iran, a case-control study on epidemiological characteristics. | several cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), an arboviral disease, have been reported since summer 1999 in different areas of iran. the main objectives of this research were to determine the most important means and patterns of transmission and the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease. | 2004 | 15325599 |
| evidence of segment reassortment in crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) segments of three independent strains of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus isolated in uzbekistan, iraq and pakistan have been determined. partial s and m segment sequences from two additional strains and partial large segment sequences from five strains of cchf virus have also been obtained. these data have been compiled and compared with published full-length and partial sequences of other cchf virus strains. analysi ... | 2004 | 15448369 |
| [crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in southern russia]. | at the end of the 20th--the beginning of the 21st century activation of a natural focus of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) in southern russia was noted. as a consequence, in 2002 outbreaks and sporadic cases of this disease were registered on the territory of 6 out of 13 administrative units of the southern federal district. to minimize the epidemiological consequences of the aggravating epidemiological situation considerable efforts and means were required from health care organs and in ... | 2004 | 15481935 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in turkey. | in 2002 and 2003, a total of 19 persons in turkey had suspected cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) or a similar viral infection. six serum samples were tested; all six were found positive for immunoglobulin m antibodies against cchf virus. two of the samples yielded cchf virus isolates. genetic analysis of the virus isolates showed them to be closely related to isolates from former yugoslavia and southwestern russia. these cases are the first of cchf reported from turkey. eighteen p ... | 2004 | 15496237 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in bulgaria. | we report the epidemiologic characteristics of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in bulgaria, as well as the first genetic characterization of the virus strains circulating in the country in 2002 to 2003 that caused disease in humans. | 2004 | 15496250 |
| genetic analysis of the m rna segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains involved in the recent outbreaks in russia. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe zoonosis with a high fatality rate. in russia, local cchf outbreaks have occurred in the stavropol territory, and the volgograd and astrakhan regions during 2000 and 2001. seven strains of cchf virus (cchfv) were isolated from infected patients and collected ticks. two fragments of the cchf virus m genome segment were pcr amplified and their nucleotide sequences were determined. all these virus strains appear to be closely related (up to 5.8% nu ... | 2004 | 15503207 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), which is a member of the nairovirus genus (family bunyaviridae). cchf was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the crimean peninsula. the disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of africa, asia, and europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. after a short incubation period, cchf is character ... | 2004 | 15550268 |
| human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, sénégal. | | 2004 | 15565746 |
| study of the genetic variability of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in central asia. | | 2004 | 15584517 |
| recombinant nucleoprotein-based serological diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant nucleoprotein (rnp) was reported for the detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus (cchfv). the immunoglobulin m (igm)-capture elisa was developed for the diagnosis of cchfv infections, using cchfv rnp as an antigen. these newly developed assays were applied to a study of a cchf-outbreak and evaluated with sera collected from patients diagnosed as having cchf by positive reverse tr ... | 2005 | 15602720 |
| tick-borne virus diseases of human interest in europe. | several human diseases in europe are caused by viruses transmitted by tick bite. these viruses belong to the genus flavivirus, and include tick-borne encephalitis virus, omsk haemorrhagic fever virus, louping ill virus, powassan virus, nairovirus (crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus) and coltivirus (eyach virus). all of these viruses cause more or less severe neurological diseases, and some are also responsible for haemorrhagic fever. the epidemiology, clinical picture and methods for diagnos ... | 2004 | 15606630 |
| knowledge, attitude and practices regarding crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever among healthcare workers in balochistan. | the objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) among healthcare workers at a tertiary care referral hospital in balochistan. | 2004 | 15631370 |
| genetic characterization of the m rna segment of a balkan crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus causes one of the most severe diseases in humans, with a mortality rate of up to 30%. it is transmitted to humans by the bite of hard ticks or by contact with blood or tissues from human patients or infected livestock. balkan peninsula is an endemic region of the disease, and sporadic cases or even outbreaks are observed every year. the m rna segment encodes for the glycoprotein precursor of two surface glycoproteins gn and gc. up to now complete m rn ... | 2005 | 15648072 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an acute infectious disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv), a member of the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the case fatality rate of cchf ranges from 10-40%. because cchf is not present in japan, many japanese virologists and clinicians are not very familiar with this disease. however, there remains the possibility of an introduction of cchfv or other hemorrhagic fever viruses into japan from surrounding endemic areas. development of diagnostic lab ... | 2004 | 15745160 |
| [elisa and rt-pcr-based research of viruses in the ticks collected in the foci of crimean-congo fever in kazakhstan and tajikistan in 2001-2002]. | different species of ticks were found, in the territories of kazakhstan and tajikistan, to be infected with the virus of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (ckhf). the virologic evaluation included determination of antigen and rna of the ckhf virus by elisa and rt-pcr, respectively. the below tick species were found to be involved in the epidemic process: hyalomma asiaticum, dermacentor niveus (kazakhastan) and hyalomma anatolicum (tajikistan). the results testify to the fact that hyalomma ticks ar ... | 2005 | 15747867 |
| [study of virus contamination of ixodes ticks in the foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in kazakhstan and tajikistan]. | the data on the contamination of different of ticks with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus on the territory of kazakhstan and tajikistan were obtained. the methods of the evaluation of the virus contamination of ticks included the determination of the antigen and cchf virus rna by the methods of the enzyme immunoassay and the reverse transcription pcr respectively. different tick species were found to be involved in the epidemic process: hyalomma asiaticum, dermatocentor niveus (kazak ... | 2005 | 15773396 |
| crimean congo hemorrhagic fever infection simulating acute appendicitis. | an unusual cause of acute abdominal pain simulating acute appendicitis is presented. the patient was admitted with complaints of fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and severe bleeding. based on the clinical and epidemiological findings, a diagnosis of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection was suspected, and ribavirin therapy was started. while her clinical condition was improving, she experienced a sudden pain at her right lower quadrant of the abdomen. explorative ... | 2005 | 15845439 |
| intracellular localization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus glycoproteins. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae, is a tick-borne pathogen causing severe disease in humans. to better understand the cchfv life cycle and explore potential intervention strategies, we studied the biosynthesis and intracellular targeting of the glycoproteins, which are encoded by the m genome segment. | 2005 | 15850490 |
| cellular localization and antigenic characterization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoproteins. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae, causes severe disease with high rates of mortality in humans. the cchfv m rna segment encodes the virus glycoproteins g(n) and g(c). to understand the processing and intracellular localization of the cchfv glycoproteins as well as their neutralization and protection determinants, we produced and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for both g(n) and g(c). using these mabs, w ... | 2005 | 15858000 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: experience at a tertiary care hospital in karachi, pakistan. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is endemic in certain rural areas of pakistan. since the discovery of cchf virus (cchfv) in the country in the 1960s, there have been 13 outbreaks in addition to sporadic cases. an outbreak during 2000 coincided with the movement of sacrificial animals from rural to urban areas for the festival of eid-ul-azha. diagnosis was suspected in patients with fever and thrombocytopenia, and confirmed retrospectively using immunoassays and reverse transcriptase-pcr. ... | 2005 | 15935414 |
| tick-borne viruses. | at least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (argasidae and ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. however, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. ixodes ricinus, amblyomma variegatum) or many (i. uriae) tick-borne viruses. tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (asfarviridae, reoviridae, rhabdoviridae, orthomyxoviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviri ... | 2004 | 15938513 |
| nairovirus rna sequences expressed by a semliki forest virus replicon induce rna interference in tick cells. | we report the successful infection of the cell line ise6 derived from ixodes scapularis tick embryos by the tick-borne hazara virus (hazv), a nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. using a recombinant semliki forest alphavirus replicon that replicates in these cells, we were able to inhibit replication of hazv, and we showed that this blockage is mediated by the replication of the semliki forest alphavirus replicon; the vector containing the hazv nucleoprotein gene in sense or antisense orientat ... | 2005 | 15994788 |
| [circulation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the stavropol territory in the seasons of 1999-2000]. | after the prolonged (about 30 years) absence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) morbidity in the stavropol territory cases of this infection were registered, and received laboratory confirmation, in summer of 1999-2000. at the end of the 1999 season antibodies to cchf virus were detected among cattle-breeders in all 7 inspected regions of the territory. according to the data of the determination of virus contamination of ixodes ticks (the season of 2000), the circulation of cchf on the te ... | 2005 | 16028513 |
| antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever using a novel monoclonal antibody. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) using a novel monoclonal antibody, 1b7, to the recombinant nucleoprotein (rnp) of cchf virus (cchfv) chinese strain 8402. this elisa detected at least 2 ng/100 microl of cchfv rnp of 8402 and of the nigeria strain ibr 10200, and also detected authentic nucleoproteins (np) of chinese strains. although the sensitivity of the elisa was lower than that of nested reve ... | 2005 | 16032715 |
| evidence for recombination in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus has attracted considerable attention recently and a number of phylogenetic studies have been published, based mostly on partial sequences of s and m rna segments. in this study, available full-length s, m and l segment sequences of cchf virus were checked for recombination. similarity plots and bootscan analysis of the s segment suggested multiple recombination events between southern european, asian and african cchf virus strains, with additional evi ... | 2005 | 16033981 |
| molecular epidemiology of african and asian crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever isolates. | phylogenetic relationships were examined for 70 crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) isolates from southern, central and west africa, the middle east and greece using sequence data determined for a region of the s segment of the genome. analysis revealed up to 18% genetic differences. tree topology supports previous evidence for the existence of three groups of genetically related isolates, a, b and c. within group a there are two clades: an african clade and a predominantly asian clade compr ... | 2005 | 16050511 |
| evaluation of a crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus recombinant antigen expressed by semliki forest suicide virus for igm and igg antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted to humans by ticks or by direct contact with infected blood. it causes severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic diseases in humans but infection in animals is asymptomatic. cchfv can spread from person to person and has caused many nosocomial outbreaks. because the virus is very pathogenic for humans it must be manipulated in a biosafety level 4 (bsl4) laboratory, rendering the production of antigen for serological diagnosis difficult. to repl ... | 2006 | 16087395 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: a case of nosocomial transmission. | | 2005 | 16091904 |
| compartment syndrome: an unusual course for a rare disease. | we report a case of compartment syndrome of the left upper limb following hemorrhage due to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in a 45-year-old man. as far as we know, there is not such a report in the literature. we discuss clinical manifestations, electrophysiologic findings, differential diagnosis, and management of the patient. a high degree of awareness for an early diagnosis may participate to improve the poor prognosis. | 2005 | 16103620 |
| imported crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease that may also be transmitted through person-to-person transmission by exposure to infected body fluids. despite its wide geographic distribution in animals, cchf virus is rarely associated with recognized human diseases. we report the first case of imported cchf in france. | 2005 | 16145173 |
| immunogenicity of combination dna vaccines for rift valley fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, hantaan virus, and crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | dna vaccines for rift valley fever virus (rvfv), crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), and hantaan virus (htnv), were tested in mice alone or in various combinations. the bunyavirus vaccines (rvfv, cchfv, and htnv) expressed gn and gc genes, and the flavivirus vaccine (tbev) expressed the prem and e genes. all vaccines were delivered by gene gun. the tbev dna vaccine and the rvfv dna vaccine elicited similar levels of antibodies and protected mice f ... | 2006 | 16174542 |
| complete l segment coding-region sequences of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains from the russian federation and tajikistan. | the large (l) rna segment of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strain ast/ti30908, isolated from pooled hyalomma marginatum ticks collected in 2002 from the astrakhan region of european russia, was amplified piecemeal using reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing of gel-purified amplicons. after removal of 5' and 3' primer-generated termini, the assembled ast/ti30908 l segment sequence is 12112 nucleotides long, with 41.3% g + c content, and is g ... | 2006 | 16195783 |
| [detection of the circulation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the piedmont steppes of the north caucasus]. | the laboratory verified cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in the piedmont steppes of the north caucasus (malgobeksky district, republic of ingushetia) are first described. the source of the first infection was ixodidae ticks; three subsequent sources were contacts with the bloody discharges from patients. cchf virus genome was detected in the blood of the cattle from an epidemic focus and in the pools of the ixodes ticks haemaphysalis parva neum., 1897 and boophilus annulatus say, ... | 2005 | 16250591 |
| [the ecology and prevalence of arboviruses on the territory of the saratov region]. | the territorial spread of tahyna, batai, sindbis, west nile fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses throughout the saratov region in 1998 - 2000 was analyzed. the characteristics of the epizootic activity of the natural foci of these arboviruses in different landscape zones (temperate forest-steppes, steppes and semi-deserts) were calculated. the species composition of small mammals, the natural reservoirs of the causative agents of arbovirus infections, was determined. | 2005 | 16279530 |
| presence of broadly reactive and group-specific neutralizing epitopes on newly described isolates of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae, causes severe disease in humans with high rates of mortality. the virus has a tripartite genome composed of a small (s), a medium (m) and a large (l) rna segment; the m segment encodes the two viral glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c). whilst relatively few full-length m segment sequences are available, it is apparent that both g(n) and g(c) may exhibit significant sequence diversity. it is unkno ... | 2005 | 16298978 |
| co-evolutionary patterns of variation in small and large rna segments of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae includes the crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) species group. the species is predominated by the hazard-group 4 pathogens, from which the name and majority of strain entries are derived. additionally, the species embraces hazard-group 2 viruses that are classified as members by antigenic cross-reactivity. cchf viruses have a tripartite rna genome consisting of large (l), medium (m) and small (s) segments. here, the sequence characterization o ... | 2005 | 16298979 |
| novel one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and specific diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever encountered in the balkans. | early and accurate diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is essential for the treatment and outcome of the disease and prevention of its further transmission. molecular-based diagnostic assays now serve as the front-line tool in the diagnosis of cchf. however, the development of real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) has been hampered by a virus strain variation. the development of a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for the detectio ... | 2006 | 16343650 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein precursor is cleaved by furin-like and ski-1 proteases to generate a novel 38-kilodalton glycoprotein. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) genome m segment encodes an unusually large (in comparison to members of other genera) polyprotein (1,684 amino acids in length) containing the two major structural glycoproteins, gn and gc, that are posttranslationally processed from precursors pregn and pregc by ski-1 and ski-1-like proteases, respectively. the characteristics of the n-terminal 519 amino acids located upstream of the mature gn are unknown. a highly c ... | 2006 | 16352575 |
| a variable region in the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus l segment distinguishes between strains isolated from different geographic regions. | alignment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) l genome segment full-length sequences reveals an overall high level of conservation among strains, with greater than 90% of translated amino acid residues strictly conserved. however, a region of marked variability identified previously, corresponding to l polyprotein amino acid positions 760-810, shares only 40% overall identity between strains. the variable regions sequences of 16 laboratory-adapted cchfv strains were determined, incl ... | 2006 | 16372290 |
| type i interferon inhibits crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in human target cells. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever occurring sporadically in parts of africa, asia, southeast europe, and the middle east. its recent recognition as a potential agent of bioterrorism/biowarfare highlights the need for effective antiviral therapy. in this study, it is shown that human endothelial cells are permissive to cchfv. it is also shown that interferon-alpha inhibits the growth of cchfv in human endothelial and hepatoma cells, red ... | 2006 | 16372299 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is an important human pathogen, which is the cause of a tick-borne illness occurring in many areas of africa, asia, and europe. cchf is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, and severe headache. other symptoms can include gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. in severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations can occur and often present as large areas of ecchymosis, rather than frank bleeding. exposure to ticks ... | 2005 | 16375710 |
| rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever is considered to be one of the most important viral zoonoses in africa. in 2000, the rift valley fever virus spread to the arabian peninsula and caused two simultaneous outbreaks in yemen and saudi arabia. it is transmitted to ruminants and to humans by mosquitoes. the viral agent is an arbovirus, which belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the bunyaviridae family. this family of viruses comprises more than 300 members grouped into five genera: orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus, hanta ... | 2005 | 16375716 |
| rapid and quantitative detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-pcr. | in this article, the development of a new taqman-based one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) rna is described. selected oligos targeting the highly conserved s region of cchfv were designed by using our oligo design and analysis software, oligoware 1.0. none of the primer sequences showed genomic cross-reactivity with other viruses or cells in a blast (ncbi) search analys ... | 2005 | 16377867 |
| [molecular epidemiology of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever viruses]. | to study the molecular biology of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (xhf) viruses, to explore its relationship with other crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses, analyzing the epidemic origin and the tendency of geographic distribution of xhf. | 2005 | 16415986 |
| [molecular biological survey of tick-born arboviruses in southern part of xinjiang]. | to disclose the species and distribution of tick-borne arboviruses in the southern part of xinjiang. | 2005 | 16415988 |
| [vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the stavropol territory]. | | 2005 | 16445236 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries, and it has the most extensive geographic distribution of the medically important tickborne viral diseases, closely approximating the known global distribution of hyalomma spp ticks. human beings become infected through tick bites, by crushing infected ticks, after contact with a patient with cchf during the acute phase of infection, or by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestoc ... | 2006 | 16554245 |
| the lack of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in healthcare workers in an endemic region. | we aimed to detect antibodies against crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in healthcare workers (hcws) in an endemic region. the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital that had cared for cchfv infected patients in the period 2002-2003. the sera from the hcws were collected one month after the last admitted hospital case (october 2003), and sent to the pasteur institute, lyon, france to be studied for cchf igm and igg by elisa. the total number of hcws included in the study was ... | 2007 | 16600655 |
| exogenous nitric oxide inhibits crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a geographically widespread pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality. even though one of the main objectives focuses on the progress of antiviral agents, the research on cchfv is strongly hampered due to its bsl-4 classification. nitric oxide (no), a mediator with broad biological effects, has been shown to possess inhibitory properties against various pathogens. the molecule constitutes a component of the innate immunity ... | 2006 | 16632039 |
| analysis of risk-factors among patients with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection: severity criteria revisited. | the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of mortality among patients infected with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. among patients with acute febrile syndrome, characterised by malaise, bleeding, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, who were admitted to hospital during the spring and summer of 2002-2004, 54 had positive igm and/or pcr results for cchf virus in blood or tissue. the overall case fatality rate was 7.4%. among the fatalities, haematemesis (p 0.009), melaena (p ... | 2006 | 16700704 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever presenting as thrombotic microangiopathy and acute renal failure. | | 2006 | 16735392 |
| [genetic monitoring of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in kazakhstan and tajikistan in 2001-2003]. | blood specimens obtained from 32 cchf patients were tested for the presence of cchf virus markers. in addition, 3210 ticks of the genera hyalomma asiaticum, hyalomma anatolicum, and dermacentor niveus were examined to identify the cchf virus antigen and rna. this material was obtained during the 2001-2003 local outbreaks of cchf in kazakhstan and tajikistan. the nucleotide sequence in the region 983-1282 of s segment of the cchf virus for 12 wild type strains was determined. the phylogenetic rel ... | 2006 | 16756002 |
| [evaluation of the probability of the infection of medical personnel with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cases of introduction of the infective agent to a non-endemic territory of russia]. | the data on the secondary cases of infection with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (chf) virus during the period of 1960 - 2002 have been analyzed and the probability of the infection of medical personnel with this virus has been evaluated. the data obtained in this study may be used in the development of the mathematical model of chf epidemics (outbreaks), taking into account not only the transmission of the infective agent, but also hospital infection, as well as for calculating the number medi ... | 2006 | 16758893 |
| cytokine levels in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus causes severe disease in humans with a mortality reaching 30%. a cchf outbreak took place in albania in 2003. as in other viral hemorrhagic fevers cytokines may be involved and play a role in the pathogenesis and outcome of the disease. | 2006 | 16765637 |
| the complete genomic sequence of strain ros/huvlv-100, a representative russian crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain. | the complete genomic sequence (minus primer-generated ends) of the laboratory-adapted crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) strain ros/huvlv-100, isolated in 2003 from the blood of a deceased female from the rostov region of southern european russia, was determined by direct sequencing of overlapping reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction amplified products. the size of the ros/huvlv-100 genome is 19.2 kilobases--individual genome segments are similar in size and sequence featur ... | 2006 | 16791423 |
| [genomic s segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulating in russia and bulgaria]. | s-segment nucleotide sequences for two crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strains isolated in the rostov region of russia and in bulgaria have been determined. analysis of complete s-segment nucleotide sequences in the viral strains from different regions of the world has established that the cchf virus strains isolated from ticks and human beings in different southern russian regions in 1967 and 2000 are very closely genetically and they form an individual subgroup in the basic europe ... | 2006 | 16826753 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus genomics and global diversity. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe illness with high case fatality that occurs in africa, europe, the middle east, and asia. the complete genomes of 13 geographically and temporally diverse virus strains were determined, and cchf viruses were found to be highly variable with 20 and 8%, 31 and 27%, and 22 and 10% nucleotide and deduced amino acid differences detected among virus s (nucleocapsid), m (glycoprotein), and l (polymerase) genome segments, respectively. distinct geograph ... | 2006 | 16912331 |
| recombinant expression, purification, and kinetic and inhibitor characterisation of human site-1-protease. | human site-1-protease (s1p, merops s08.8063), also widely known as subtilisin/kexin isozyme 1 (ski-1), is a membrane bound subtilisin-related serine protease, that belongs to a group of nine mammalian proprotein convertases. among these proteases, s1p displays unique substrate specificity, by showing preferred cleavage after non-basic amino acids. s1p plays a key role in a proteolytic pathway that controls the cholesterol content of membranes, cells and blood. s1p also participates in the activa ... | 2007 | 16973377 |
| zoonotic infections among veterinarians in turkey: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and beyond. | we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus, brucella spp, and coxiella burnetii among veterinarians in a highly endemic and a non-endemic region for these infections in turkey. | 2006 | 16978897 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is a tick-borne virus, which is a member of bunyaviridae family, nairovirus genus. cchf virus has been isolated from 31 different tick species so far, and genus hyalomma includes the basic vectors of which h. anatolicum, h. marginatum, h. detritum, h. dromedarii, h. excavatum and h. turanicum are frequently found in the geography in which turkey takes place. the virus is transmitted via the bite of infected ticks or direct contact with cchf infected p ... | 2006 | 17001860 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in kosova : a fatal case report. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries around the world. the authors report a fatal case of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) observed in a patient from kosova. the diagnosis of cchf was confirmed by reverse transcription-pcr. late diagnosis decreased the efficacy of treatment and patient died due to severe complications of infection. | 2006 | 17034648 |
| global warming may increase the incidence and geographic range of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | | 2007 | 17056187 |
| seroprevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in sistan-va-baluchestan province of iran. | during the years 2000 to 2004, of 248 serologically confirmed cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) that occurred in several parts of iran, 169 were reported from sistan-va-baluchestan province. to assess the seroprevalence of cchf virus infection within the zahedan and zabol districts of the sistan-va-baluchestan province in iran, 300 subjects were sampled from the general population. in addition to blood sampling, a questionnaire was completed for every subject. all but just 3 of our ... | 2006 | 17060701 |
| lookback exercise with imported crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, senegal and france. | a patient with suspected malaria was hospitalized successively in 2 hospitals, first in dakar, senegal, then in rennes, france, where tests diagnosed crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. an international incident management group was set up in france and senegal, which traced 181 contacts and analyzed 50 samples from 3 countries. no secondary cases were identified clinically. | 2006 | 17073094 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus: genetic analysis and tick survey in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. in the present study, a total of 1,015 adult ticks were collected from cattle (603 specimens), sheep (17 specimens), and goats (395 specimens) in the kelkit valley in turkey. four tick species were recognized on the animals in the surveyed region. the most abundant sp ... | 2006 | 17088370 |
| [characterization of the natural foci of congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever on the territory of ukraine]. | the natural foci of the congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in ukraine were characterized by their geographical factors. the circulation of cchf virus was found to occur mainly in forest and forest-steppe zones irrespective of the location of administrative regions. the territories found to be most favorable for the prolonged existence of the focus of cchf were those having high humidity. the possibility of using geoinformation technologies for the correction of the boundaries of natural foci ... | 2006 | 17163141 |
| basolateral entry and release of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in polarized mdck-1 cells. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is an etiological agent of a disease with mortality rates in patients averaging 30%. the disease is characterized by fever, myalgia, and hemorrhage. mechanisms underlying the hemorrhage have to our knowledge not been elucidated for cchfv. possibly, a direct or indirect viral effect on tight junctions (tj) could cause the hemorrhage observed in patients, as tj play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis and can cause leakage upon deregulation. moreove ... | 2007 | 17166898 |
| n-linked glycosylation of gn (but not gc) is important for crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein localization and transport. | the mature gn glycoprotein of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus contains two predicted glycosylation sites (557n and 755n). of these, n-glycans are added only at 557n, as evidenced by abrogation of gn-glycosylation by mutation of 557n but not 755n site. mutational block of gn-glycosylation at 557n did not significantly affect gn proteolytic processing but did result in mislocalization and retention of gn and other proteins synthesized from the virus m segment orf (gp160, gp85, gp38 an ... | 2007 | 17197010 |
| isolation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus from ticks on imported sudanese sheep in saudi arabia. | | 2000 | 17322717 |
| ex vivo stability of the rodent-borne hantaan virus in comparison to that of arthropod-borne members of the bunyaviridae family. | the possible effect of virus adaptation to different transmission routes on virus stability in the environment is not well known. in this study we have compared the stabilities of three viruses within the bunyaviridae family: the rodent-borne hantavirus hantaan virus (htnv), the sand fly-borne phlebovirus sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv), and the tick-borne nairovirus crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv). these viruses differ in their transmission routes: sfsv and cchfv are vector bo ... | 2007 | 17337567 |
| [molecular analysis on the s gene of three crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains in china]. | to compare the molecular characteristics of 3 crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses(cchfv) isolated in xinjiang province. | 2006 | 17343183 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in iran: a seroprevalence study in two endemic regions. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) has repeatedly caused nosocomial outbreaks among hospital staff. in the summer of 2003, we studied the seroprevalence of anti-cchf igg among health care workers who had come in contact with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever patients from three referral hospitals in endemic regions of iran. a total of 223 eligible staff were examined. whereas 5 of 129 (3.87%) exposed health care workers tested positive, none of the 94 in the unexposed group did (p=0.075). sero ... | 2007 | 17360865 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral disease reported from more than 30 countries in africa, asia, south-east europe, and the middle east. the majority of human cases are workers in livestock industry, agriculture, slaughterhouses, and veterinary practice. nosocomial transmission is also well described. clinical manifestations are nonspecific and symptoms typically include high fever, headache, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. patient ... | 2007 | 17367225 |
| identification of a novel c-terminal cleavage of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus pregn that leads to generation of an nsm protein. | the structural glycoproteins of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv; genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) are derived through endoproteolytic cleavage of a 1,684-amino-acid m rna segment-encoded polyprotein. this polyprotein is cotranslationally cleaved into the pregn and pregc precursors, which are then cleaved by ski-1 and a ski-1-like protease to generate the n termini of gn and gc, respectively. however, the resulting polypeptide defined by the n termini of gn and gc is predicted ... | 2007 | 17409136 |
| [geography and host distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the tarim basin]. | to determine the infective status and natural distribution of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (xhf; crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, cchf) in ticks, rodents and livestock in the tarim basin. | 2006 | 17415983 |
| emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe. | the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ... | 2007 | 17445320 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever cases in turkey. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an arbovirus infection, which is transmitted through ticks or via blood and secretions. until recently, human cases of cchf were unknown in turkey; however, several acute disease cases were reported in 2002. we report on the investigation of a cluster of suspected cchf cases in the middle part of the black sea from may 2002 to october 2003. the medical charts that we reviewed were obtained from all local physicians and our field investigations. 'suspect ... | 2007 | 17454897 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | | 2007 | 17491361 |
| imported crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever cases in istanbul. | we described a series of imported cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in istanbul and investigated the genetic diversity of the virus. all the suspected cases of cchf, who were applied to the health centers in istanbul, were screened for cchf virus (cchfv) infection by using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) following rt-pcr. simultaneous blood samples were also sent to the national reference laboratory in ankara for serologic investigation. in 10 out of 91 patients, cchfv ... | 2007 | 17553137 |
| haemophagocytosis in a patient with crimean congo haemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe disease with a case fatality of 2.8 to 80 %. a patient dwelling in an endemic region for cchf was admitted with fever preceding bleeding diathesis and pancytopenia. despite no history of tick exposure, cchf was highly suspected. with an oral ribavirin therapy, clinical and laboratory improvements were obtained. the diagnosis was confirmed by detection of igm antibody to cchf virus and positive rt-pcr. although the main pathogenesis of cchf infe ... | 2007 | 17644726 |
| recent progress in molecular biology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 50%. a causative agent of cchf is cchf virus, which is a tick-borne virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, squashed ticks or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. outbreaks of cchf have been documented in africa, the middle east, eastern europe and western asia where the vector and/or reservoir ... | 2007 | 17692916 |
| clinical investigation of the transient evoked otoacoustic emission test in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | the aim of this study was to investigate cochlear damage in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) infection. | 2008 | 17714968 |
| [elisa and pcr test systems used to detect crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus]. | studying the sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the indication of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus antigens and those of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of cchf virus rna, and those of a intercerebral infection method in newborn albino mice systems for the determination of viral infectious activity established that the sensitivity of elisa was 1-2 orders of magnitude less than that of rp-pcr. the ... | 2007 | 17722612 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission, affecting wide areas in asia, southeastern europe, and africa. hemorrhagic manifestations constitute a prominent symptom of late stage disease with case fatality rates from 10% to 50%. the purpose of this article is to review recent literature on crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with emphasis on its epidemiology and management. | 2007 | 17762783 |
| viral load as a predictor of outcome in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease affecting multiple organ systems. to determine the association between viral load and severity of cchf infection, quantitative measurement of cchf virus was performed using 1-step reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for 36 patients with cchf infection. viral loads ranged from 1.1x10(3) copies/ml to > or = 9.9x10(9) copies/ml. nine (25%) of 36 patients died. in 8 of the 9 patients with fatal outcomes, viral loads we ... | 2007 | 17806044 |
| development of a taqman minor groove binding protein assay for the detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne virus of the genus nairovirus and the family bunyaviridae. it is a negative-strand rna virus comprised of small (s), medium (m), and large (l) genome segments. the s segment encodes for nucleocapsid protein, the m segment codes for envelope glycoproteins (gn and gc), and the l segment codes for the rna-dependent rna polymerase. currently, there are a limited number of methods for rapidly diagnosing cchfv infections. we developed a rea ... | 2007 | 17827370 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein processing by the endoprotease ski-1/s1p is critical for virus infectivity. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) causes severe human disease. the cchfv medium rna encodes a polyprotein which is proteolytically processed to yield the glycoprotein precursors pregn and pregc, followed by structural glycoproteins gn and gc. subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease (ski-1/s1p) plays a central role in gn processing. here we show that cchfv-infected cells deficient in ski-1/s1p produce no infectious virus, although pregn and pregc accumulated normally in the golgi a ... | 2007 | 17898072 |
| breastfeeding in crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is potentially a fatal disease transmitted by tick bite, close contact with blood or tissues of infected humans or viraemic livestock. we present the clinical course of 2 breastfeeding women with cchf and their babies. both the mothers had positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for cchf virus in blood and it was negative in breast milk. at follow-up, babies did not develop cchf infection. | 2008 | 17934982 |
| detection of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum adult female (acari, ixodidae) in southern germany. | the first finding of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum female tick in germany is described. the tick was found in may 2006 on the clothing of a person who had spent the preceding day in rural surroundings in southern germany. as the infested person had also been visiting spain where h. m. marginatum is known to occur some weeks prior to finding the tick, it is not clear whether the tick had been imported by him as a female or by another host in a preimaginal stage and succeeded to develo ... | 2007 | 17952610 |
| genetic analysis of the m rna segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae. all members of the family bunyaviridae are enveloped viruses containing tripartite, negative polarity, single-stranded rna. cchf is characterized by high case mortality, occurring in asia, africa, the middle east and europe. during recent years, outbreaks have been reported in turkey. however, little information is available on the genetic diversity of cchf virus in turkey. in this study, a ... | 2008 | 17955162 |
| viral load and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | | 2007 | 18044055 |
| modeling the spatial distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in turkey. | the more than 1100 human cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) reported in a continuing series of outbreaks that started in 2003 in turkey constitute the largest epidemic of the disease since cchf was first recognized in 1944. the spatial distribution of cchf case reporting rates in turkey was studied to look for clusters of disease. we applied the spatial scan analysis to test the hypothesis of whether there were areas with a higher than expected number of cchf cases. the analysis was ... | 2007 | 18047397 |
| treatment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) has the most extensive geographic range of the medically significant tick-borne viruses, occurring from western china across southern asia to eastern europe and south africa. the causative agent is a negative-sense, single-stranded rna virus in the genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae. in published reports, the case fatality rate has generally ranged from 10% to 50%. sporadic cases and outbreaks of the disease have increased during the past decade across t ... | 2008 | 18096251 |
| the complete genome sequence of a crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolated from an endemic region in kosovo. | the balkan region and kosovo in particular, is a well-known crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) endemic region, with frequent epidemic outbreaks and sporadic cases occurring with a hospitalized case fatality of approximately 30%. recent analysis of complete genome sequences of diverse cchf virus strains showed that the genome plasticity of the virus is surprisingly high for an arthropod-borne virus. high levels of nucleotide and amino acid differences, frequent rna segment reassortment and ev ... | 2008 | 18197964 |
| virus detection and monitoring of viral load in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients. | we developed a real-time reverse transcription--pcr that detected 1,164 copies/ml of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus per milliliter of serum at 95% probability (probit analysis) and was 100% concordant with nested pcr on 63 samples from 31 patients with confirmed infection. infected patients who died appeared to have higher viral loads; low viral loads correlated with igg detection. | 2007 | 18214191 |
| viral load as predictor of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever outcome. | we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr to measure viral load in serum from 24 patients in kosovo who had acute crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. viral load correlated with clinical disease and antibodies and could be used as a predictor of disease outcome. | 2007 | 18217568 |
| [respiratory lesions in congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever]. | to characterize pathogenesis, clinical, laboratory and x-ray features of respiratory disease in congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever (cchf). | 2007 | 18219967 |