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a case report of crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with hantaan virus infection.although various glomerular diseases in hantavirus infection have been reported, an association between hantavirus infection and crescentic glomerulonephritis has not been described. herein, we report a case of immune complex-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in a 70-year-old man with hantaan virus infection.201020466689
the triplet repeats of the sin nombre hantavirus 5' untranslated region are sufficient in cis for nucleocapsid-mediated translation initiation.hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) can replace the cellular cap-binding complex, eukaryotic initiation factor 4f (eif4f), to mediate translation initiation. although n can augment translation initiation of nonviral mrna, initiation of viral mrna by n is superior. all members of the bunyaviridae family, including the species of the hantavirus genus, express either three or four primary mrnas from their tripartite negative-sense genomes. the 5' ends of the mrnas contain nonviral heterologous olig ...201020573811
alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-independent induction of ifn-lambda1 (interleukin-29) in response to hantaan virus infection.type iii interferons ([ifns] ifn-lambda and interleukin-28 and -29 [il-28/29]) are recently recognized cytokines with innate antiviral effects similar to those of type i ifns (ifn-alpha/beta). like ifn-alpha/beta, ifn-lambda-expression can be induced by viruses, and it is believed that type i and iii ifns are regulated in the same manner. hantaviruses are weak ifn-alpha/beta inducers and have surprisingly been shown to activate ifn-alpha/beta-independent ifn-stimulated gene (isg) expression. her ...201020592090
confirmation of choclo virus as the cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and high serum antibody prevalence in panama.choclo virus (chov) was described in sigmodontine rodents, oligoryzomys fulvescens, and humans during an outbreak of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in 1999-2000 in western panama. although hcps is rare, hantavirus-specific serum antibody prevalence among the general population is high suggesting that chov may cause many mild or asymptomatic infections. the goals of this study were to confirm the role of chov in hcps and in the frequently detected serum antibody and to establish the p ...201020648614
[study on the transmission of hantaan virus and orientia tsutsugamushi by naturally dual infected leptotrombidium scutellare through stinging].to investigate whether leptotrombidium scutellare could be naturally infected by both hantaan virus (hv) and orientia tsutsugamushi (ot) and transmission status by stinging.201020654145
switch to high-level virus replication and hla class i upregulation in differentiating megakaryocytic cells after infection with pathogenic hantavirus.hantaan virus (htnv), the prototype member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. hemorrhage is due to endothelial barrier damage and a sharp decrease in platelet counts. the mechanisms underlying htnv-associated acute thrombocytopenia have not been elucidated so far. platelets are produced by mature megakaryocytes that develop during megakaryopoiesis. in this study, we show that htnv targets megakaryocytic cells whereas ...201020673746
reversible splenium lesion of the corpus callosum in hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome.this is the first case of virus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy in which the pathogen was hantaan virus. a 53-yr-old man presented fever, renal failure and a hemorrhagic tendency and he was diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome (hfrs). in the course of his illness, mild neurologic symptoms such as dizziness and confusion developed and magnetic resonance images revealed a reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. this case suggests that hfrs patients ...201020676343
hantavirus infections in humans and animals, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in the people's republic of china. although 7 sero/genotypes of hantaviruses have been found in rodents, only hantaan virus (carried by apodemus agrarius mice) and seoul virus (carried by rattus norvegicus rats) reportedly cause disease in humans. during 1950-2007, a total of 1,557,622 cases of hfrs in humans and 46,427 deaths (3%) were reported in china. hfrs has been reported in 29 of 31 provinces in china. after i ...201020678311
acute kidney injury in tropical acute febrile illness in a tertiary care centre--rifle criteria validation.acute febrile illnesses are a common cause of tropical acute kidney injury (aki). the incidence and severity of aki in tropical febrile illnesses and validity of rifle classification are unclear.201120702532
spatiotemporal trends and climatic factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome epidemic in shandong province, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses. it is endemic in all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and metropolitan areas in mainland china where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. shandong province is among the most serious endemic areas. hfrs cases in shandong province were first reported in yutai county in 1968. since then, the disease has spread across the province, and as of 2005, all 111 counties were reported to have l ...201020706629
elevated sicam-1 levels in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaan virus.increased vascular permeability and vascular leakage are characteristic pathological changes in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). vascular endothelial cells are the main targets of hantaan virus, the etiological agent of the severe form of hfrs. hantaan virus can induce extensive damage of small blood vessels and capillaries. in vitro infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by hantaan virus can induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1). the invol ...201020725844
severely modified lipoprotein properties without a change in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in patients with acute renal failure secondary to hantaan virus infection.patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) often exhibit altered serum lipid and lipoprotein profile during the oliguric phase of the disease. serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles were assessed during the oliguric and recovery phases in six male patients with hfrs. in the oliguric phase of hfrs, the apolipoprotein (apo) c-iii content in high-density lipoproteins (hdl) was elevated, whereas the apoa-i content was lowered. the level of expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes ...201020797315
environmental risk factors for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a french new epidemic area.summaryin france, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic along the belgian border. however, this rodent-borne zoonosis caused by the puumala virus has recently spread south to the franche-comté region. we investigated the space-time distribution of hfrs and evaluated the influence of environmental factors that drive the hantavirus reservoir abundance and/or the disease transmission in this area. a scan test clearly indicated space-time clustering, highlighting a single-year (20 ...201120822577
ecology of hantaan virus at twin bridges training area, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, 2005-2007.the twin bridges training area (tbta) in the republic of korea consists of dirt roads, barren training areas, and forested hillsides adjacent to linear and broad expanses of tall grasses, herbaceous, and scrub vegetation. of the six species of small mammals, the striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius, was the most frequently captured (96.1%). apodemus agrarius capture rates varied from 17.7 to 33.2% during three trapping periods. gravid females were observed during november-december 2006 (8.4%) ...200920836826
in vivo kinetics and biodistribution of a hantaan virus dna vaccine after intramuscular injection in mice.to study the kinetics in vivo of a hantaan virus dna vaccine, we constructed a fusion dna vaccine, pegfp/s, by cloning the s segment of hantavirus into the vector, pegfp-c1, which encodes green fluorescent protein egfp. in this report, we provide evidence that pegfp/s was distributed and persistently expressed for more than 60 days in several organs after inoculation. our findings suggest that the persistent immune responses induced by a hantaan virus dna vaccine are likely due to the plasmid pe ...201020960291
[construction and immunogenic study of recombinant adenovirus containing chimeric gene g2s0.7 and ctl epitopes of hantaan virus].to express g2 fragment of m segment and 0.7 kb fragment of s segment and several ctl epitopes of s segment in adenovirus expression system and investigate the immunological properties of hantaan virus chimeric gene.201021055343
structural studies of hantaan virus.hantaan virus is the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus within the family bunyaviridae and is a causative agent of the potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the bunyaviridae are a family of negative-sense rna viruses with three-part segmented genomes. virions are enveloped and decorated with spikes derived from a pair of glycoproteins (gn and gc). here, we present cryo-electron tomography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies of hantaan virus virions. we ...201021068243
tracking hantavirus nucleocapsid protein using intracellular antibodies.hantavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein is a multifunctional viral macromolecule involved in multiple stages of the viral replication cycle. the intracellular trafficking of n protein during virus assembly remains unclear.201021092325
detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hanta, and sandfly fever viruses by real-time rt-pcr.the development of sensitive and specific nucleic acid diagnostic assays for viral pathogens is essential for proper medical intervention. this chapter describes four fluorescence-based pcr assays to detect the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchfv), andes (andv), hantaan (hanv), and sandfly fever sicilian (sfsv) viruses. these assays are based on species-specific hydrolysis probes targeting the nucleocapsid protein gene for cchfv and sfsv and the glycoprotein gene for andv and hanv. all four a ...201121116810
acute kidney injury in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaan virus: comparative evaluation by rifle and akin criteria.abstract acute kidney injury (aki) is one of the most prominent characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by hantaan virus. the present study evaluated the incidence and severity of aki classified by both the rifle and akin criteria in 120 hfrs patients at 48 h and 1 week of the patient admission. the agreements between rifle and akin and rifle and akin defined by serum creatinine (akinc and riflec) were examined by kappa statistics. aki occurred in 79.2% and 82.5% a ...201021142962
[genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus collected from henan and neimenggu provinces, china.]objective: genetic analysis was performed to infer the relationship between hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus from henan and neimenggu provinces and the other known hantavirus and the vaccine strain. methods: total rna was extracted from lung tissues with trizol reagent. the complete m and s segment sequences of strains nm133 and q12 were amplified by rt-pcr. the purified dna fragments were directly subjected to sequencing, and then to sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis. results ...201021162871
an efficient in vivo method for the isolation of puumala virus in syrian hamsters and the characterization of the isolates from russia.puumala virus (puuv) and other arvicolinae-borne hantaviruses are difficult to cultivate in cell culture. to isolate these hantaviruses efficiently, hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (np)-positive but seronegative wild rodents were selected by np-detection elisa. three of 68 myodes glareolus captured in samara, russia, were np-positive and seronegative. syrian hamsters were inoculated with lung homogenates from np-positive rodents for virus propagation. virus isolation in vitro was carried out by ...201021192975
specific humoral reaction of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients in china to recombinant nucleocapsid proteins from european hantaviruses.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in east asia and europe. this study was initiated to investigate the reactivity of antibodies in sera of chinese hfrs patients with the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rnps) of hantaan virus (htnv), dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv), and puumala virus (puuv), which are the prevalent hantavirus strains in europe. forty-eight pairs of acute and convalescent sera were collected from hfrs patients in hubei, china (1985-2002) and tested by indire ...201121222012
old world hantaviruses do not produce detectable amounts of dsrna in infected cells and the 5' termini of their genomic rnas are monophosphorylated.dsrna and 5'-triphosphate rna are considered critical activators of the innate immune response because of their interaction with pattern recognition receptors. it has been reported that no dsrna is detected in negative-sense rna virus-infected cells and that hantaan virus (htnv) genomic rna bears a 5' monophosphate group. in this paper we examine the 5' termini of genomic rnas of and dsrna production by two major groups of old world hantaviruses. no detectable amounts of dsrna were found in infe ...201121289157
seroepidemiological survey of hantavirus infection in healthy people in vallès occidental, barcelona.hantaviruses are the etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in europe and asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in america. approximately 150,000 cases are reported annually worldwide. in spain, some hantavirus infection cases have been described. besides, rodents that have been described as hantavirus reservoirs are present. the aim of the present study was to determinate the seroprevalence of hantavirus in humans in the northeast of spain.201121417923
comparison of hantaan and seoul viral infections among patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in heilongjiang, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in china, and is primarily caused by either the hantaan virus (htnv) or seoul virus (seov) strains. however, the causative hantavirus has only been definitively identified in a few hfrs cases, and detailed comparisons of patient data for the 2 strains are limited.201121428852
prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild rodents from five provinces in korea, 2007.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses of the family bunyaviridae. among them, hantaan virus (htnv) is most widely distributed in korea. the striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius, is the natural host of htnv in rural korea. we trapped 766 small mammals of three species (1 eothenomys regulus, 13 crocidura suaveolens, and 752 apodemus agrarius) in five provinces in korea from january to december 2007. we tested 542 rodent sera for htnv antibod ...201121441196
severe crescentic glomerulonephritis linked to an acute hantaan virus infection? 201121460361
comparative virology and aids (review).the scientific debate between pros and cons of the hiv criminal theory of aids still remains unsettled. the purpose of this review is to promote resolution of the problem by extracting a common principle of the host-virus relation using data resources for each of 4 viruses as follows: a) polyoma virus, b) marek's disease virus, c) ebola virus, d) korean hemorrhagic fever virus. conclusions drawn from this study are given as follows: i) environment emerged as the cardinal factor to modify the pro ...199621594370
rna helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) as a sensor of hantaan virus (htnv) replication.hantaan virus (htnv) causes severe human disease. the htnv genome consists of three ssrna segments of negative polarity which are complexed with viral nucleocapsid (n) protein. how the human innate immune system detects htnv is unclear. rna heli-case retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) does not sense genomic htnv rna. so far it has not been analyzed whether pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) gen-erated during the htnv replication trigger rig-i-mediated innate responses. indeed, we ...201121632559
ecological surveillance of small mammals at dagmar north training area, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, 2001-2005.a seasonal rodent-borne disease surveillance program was established at dagmar north training area located near the demilitarized zone, republic of korea, from 2001 through 2005. selected habitats surveyed included earthen banks separating rice paddies, fighting positions along a 5 m rock-faced earthen berm, and extensive tall grasses with various degrees of herbaceous and scrub vegetation associated with dirt roads, rice paddies, ditches, ponds, or the imjin river. of the nine species of small ...201121635640
improvement of the specificity of a pan-viral microarray by using genus-specific oligonucleotides and reduction of interference by host genomes.rapid detection of viral pathogens is crucial for antiviral therapy. high-density 60-70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays have been explored for broad detection of many viruses. however, relatively low specificity and the complex analytical processes are the major limitations when pan-viral oligonucleotide microarrays are used to detect viral pathogens. in this study, genus-specific oligonucleotides were used as probes and modified sample preparations were carried out to improve the specificity an ...201121739454
In vitro and in vivo activity of ribavirin against Andes virus infection.Pathogenic hantaviruses are a closely related group of rodent-borne viruses which are responsible for two distinct diseases in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS, otherwise known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS). The antiviral effect of ribavirin against Old World hantaviruses, most notably Hantaan virus, is well documented; however, only a few studies have addressed its inhibitory effect on New World hantaviruses. In the present stu ...201121853152
application of truncated nucleocapsid protein (n) for serotyping elisa of murinae-associated hantavirus infection in rats.truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (trns) that lack n-terminally located cross-reactive epitopes of four murinae rodent-associated hantaviruses, seoul virus (seov), thailand virus, hantaan virus (htnv) and dobrava-berglade virus, were produced by using a baculovirus expression system. elisa with the trns as antigens enabled serotyping of immune sera from rats experimentally inoculated with the corresponding hantaviruses as cut-off od values of 60% to those to whole n of htnv. the trn ba ...201121937858
Fusion with extracellular domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated-antigen 4 leads to enhancement of immunogenicity of Hantaan virus DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice.Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the causative agent of the most severe form of a rodent-borne disease known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). A safe and effective HTNV vaccine is needed. Vaccination with DNA constructs expressing fused antigen with bioactive factors, has shown promising improvement of immunogenicity for viral agents in animal models, but the effect of fusion strategy on HTNV DNA vaccine has not been investigated.201121943202
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe disease characterized by a rapid onset of pulmonary edema followed by respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. the hps associated viruses are members of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. hantaviruses have a worldwide distribution and are broadly split into the new world hantaviruses, which includes those causing hps, and the old world hantaviruses [including the prototype hantaan virus (htnv)], which are associated with a different disea ...201121945215
antigenic characterization of expressed complete and different truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of hantaan virus by monoclonal antibodies.the nucleocapsid protein (np) of hantavirus has been shown to be highly immunogenic in laboratory animals and humans, and it induces an early and long-lasting humoral immune response during hantavirus infection. in the present study, entire and three partially truncated open reading frames (orf) of np genes of hantaan virus (htnv) strain 76-118, a prototype of hantavirus, were amplified and then cloned in prokaryotic expression vectors. the recombinant whole np and truncated nps were expressed i ...201122008071
Modification of the adenoviral transfer vector enhances expression of the Hantavirus fusion protein GnS0.7 and induces a strong immune response in C57BL/6 mice.Hantavirus glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) are significant components of vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS); however, they are not effective due to weak immunogenicity and low levels of production in expression systems. To circumvent this problem, a 0.7-kb fragment of the S segment was fused to Gn, and a hybrid CAG promoter/enhancer in conjunction with (or without) the WPRE (Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element) was used to improve the expression of ...201222015676
infection of hantaan virus strain aa57 leading to pulmonary disease in laboratory mice.hantaan virus (htnv) is a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the pathogenesis of hfrs has not been fully elucidated, mainly due to the lack of a suitable animal model. in laboratory mice, htnv causes encephalitis. however, that symptom is dissimilar to human hantavirus infections. we found that htnv strain aa57 (isolated from apodemus agrarius in far east russia) caused pulmonary disease in 2-week-old icr mice. the clinical signs of the infected mice were piloerecti ...201122044619
Genetic analysis of hantaviruses and their rodent hosts in central-south China.Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) are two major zoonotic pathogens of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Asia. Hubei province, which is located in the central-south China, had been one of the most severe epidemic areas of HFRS. To investigate phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity and geographic distribution of HTNV and SEOV in their reservoir hosts, a total of 687 rodents were trapped in this area between 2000 and 2009. Sequences of partial S- and M-segments of han ...201122108583
identification of three novel ctl epitopes within nucleocapsid protein of hantaan virus.hantaan virus (htnv) is a member of the hantavirus genus that causes human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. the ctl response seems to play a key role in control of viral infection, but only a few htnv epitopes recognized by the ctls have been reported. herein, we screened a panel of overlapping peptides covering the htnv nucleocapsid protein by elispot assays for those that can elicit ifn-γ production in vitro. three novel cd8(+) ctl epitopes, n197-205 (ryrtavcgl), n245-25 ...201122111596
Rodent-Borne Hantaviruses in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand.In order to evaluate the circulation of hantaviruses present in southeast Asia, a large scale survey of small mammal species was carried out at seven main sites in the region (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand). Small scale opportunistic trapping was also performed at an eighth site (Cambodia). Using a standard IFA test, IgG antibodies reacting to Hantaan virus antigens were detected at six sites. Antibody prevalence at each site varied from 0 to 5.6% with antibodies detec ...201122124701
A Review of Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center.The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC), Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System conducts disease surveillance through a global network of US Department of Defense research laboratories and partnerships with foreign ministries of agriculture, health and livestock development in over 90 countries worldwide. In 2010, AFHSC supported zoonosis survey efforts were organized into four main categories: (i) development of field assays for animal disease survei ...201122128834
Hantaan virus surveillance targeting small mammals at Dagmar North Training Area, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2001-2005.In response to a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome case in November 2000, a seasonal rodent-borne disease surveillance program was initiated at Dagmar North Training Area (DNTA), Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. From April 2001-December 2005, 1,848 small mammals were captured. Apodemus agrarius accounted for 92.5%, followed by Mus musculus (3.6%), Crocidura lasiura (2.1%), and Microtus fortis (1.1%). Three species of rodents were found to be antibody-positive (Ab+) for Hantaan virus (HT ...201122129409
Immunogenic epitopes of Hantaviruses' N protein are restricted to conserved regions.The Bunyaviridae virus family is composed by five genera, of which the Hantavirus genus is one of the most important representatives. Occasionally, these viruses can be transmitted to humans, giving rise to severe diseases that present high mortality rates. We analyzed the amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of 34 different hantaviruses to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in immunogenicity against hantaviruses. Immunogenic epitopes described in the literature throu ...201222201821
efficient production of hantaan and puumala pseudovirions for viral tropism and neutralization studies.puumala (puuv) and hantaan (htnv) viruses are hantaviruses within the family bunyaviridae and associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. little is known about how these viruses interact with host cells, though pathogenic hantaviruses interact with α(v)β(3) integrin. to study host cell interactions and rapidly test the ability of antibodies to prevent infection, we produced htnv and puuv pseudovirions on a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) core. similar to replication- ...201122209230
a phase 1 clinical trial of hantaan virus and puumala virus m-segment dna vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.candidate dna vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome expressing the envelope glycoprotein genes of hantaan (htnv) or puumala (puuv) viruses were evaluated in an open-label, single-center phase 1 study consisting of three vaccination groups of nine volunteers. the volunteers were vaccinated by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (pmed) three times at four-week intervals with the htnv dna vaccine, the puuv dna vaccine or both vaccines. at each dosing, the volunteers received 8μg dna/4 ...201222248821
pathogenicity of a natural reassortant hantavirus cgrn9415 in newborn rats and newborn mice.to better understand the pathogenicity and infectivity of a natural reassortant cgrn9415 generated from hantaan virus (htnv) and seoul virus (seov), cgrn9415, htnv 76-118, and seov l99 were used to infect newborn kunming (km) mice and newborn wistar rats. in km mice, there was no statistic difference between the death rate with cgrn9415 and that with l99, while 76-118 killed all mice even at low dosage; cgrn9415 killed all infected rats like l99 at the dosage of 105 ffu while no death occurred i ...201222258864
isolation and characterization of hantaviruses in far east russia and etiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the region.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health issue in far east russia. two different hantaviruses were isolated from rodents captured in the khabarovsk region: amur virus (amrv; khekhtsir/ap209/2005 strain from apodemus peninsulae) and hantaan virus (htnv; galkino/aa57/2002 strain from a. agrarius). genetic analysis of the new isolates revealed that the m and l segments were apparently different between amrv and htnv, but s segments of the two viruses were closer. the ...201222403334
dysregulation of the β3 integrin-vegfr2 complex in hantaan virus-directed hyperpermeability upon treatment with vegf.hantaviruses infect human endothelial cells (ecs) and are known to cause vascular-permeability-based diseases, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the αvβ3 integrins, which are highly expressed on the surface of ecs, serve as hantavirus receptors. specifically, the β3 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor 2 (vegfr2) form a functional complex and interact with each other. signaling through this complex causes cy ...201222407444
immunogenicity of a multi-epitope dna vaccine against hantavirus.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a severe epidemic disease caused by hantaviruses including hantaan virus (htnv), seoul virus (seov), dobrava virus (dobv) and puumala virus. three of the four hfrs hantaviruses, htnv, seov, and puuv are found in china. currently, there is no effective strategy available to reduce infection risk. in this study, we constructed a multi-epitope chimeric dna vaccine that encodes expressing 25 glycoprotein epitopes from seov, htnv and puuv (designated as ...201222426376
dobrava-belgrade hantavirus from germany shows receptor usage and innate immunity induction consistent with the pathogenicity of the virus in humans.dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) is a european hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans with fatality rates of up to 12%. dobv-associated clinical cases typically occur also in the northern part of germany where the virus is carried by the striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius). however, the causative agent responsible for human illness has not been previously isolated.201222545121
seroprevalence of hantaviruses in small wild mammals trapped in south korea from 2005 to 2010.the seroprevalence of hantaan virus (htnv) in wild rodents in south korea was analyzed. wild rodents were trapped in 18 cities in eight provinces during 2005-2007 and on three islands and four mountains during 2008-2010. sera were collected from 629 out of 933 trapped wild animals and examined for immunoglobulin g antibodies to htnv using indirect immunofluorescence assays. apodemus agrarius (80.1%) was the most frequently captured species at almost all trapping sites. the overall prevalence of ...201222548542
hantaan virus surveillance in small mammals at firing points 10 and 60, yeoncheon, gyeonggi province, republic of korea.we used epidemiological data and indirect fluorescent antibody tests to determine the hantaan virus (htnv) antibody-positive (ab+) prevalence in small mammals captured at firing point 10 (fp-10) and firing point 60 (fp-60), gyeonggi province, near the demilitarized zone, republic of korea (rok), from 2001 to 2005. we used these data, combined with the partial m segment amplified from htnv recovered from lung tissues of apodemus agrarius, to clarify the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relation ...201222607077
studies on hantavirus infection in small mammals captured in southern and central highland area of vietnam.to investigate the distribution of hantaviruses among animals in southern and central highland area of vietnam, a total of 1311 serum samples were obtained from rats and asian house shrews (suncus murinus) captured at 11 locations between 2006 and 2009. a total of 1066 serum samples from rats were examined for igg antibodies against hantaan virus, and there were 30 antibody-positive serum samples from rats that had been captured mainly in a port area and urban area in ho chi minh city (hcmc) (2. ...201222673720
andes virus infection of lymphatic endothelial cells causes giant cell and enhanced permeability responses that are rapamycin and vascular endothelial growth factor c sensitive.hantaviruses primarily infect endothelial cells (ecs) and nonlytically cause vascular changes that result in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). acute pulmonary edema during hps may be caused by capillary leakage and failure of lymphatic vessels to clear fluids. uniquely regulated lymphatic ecs (lecs) control fluid clearance, although roles for lymphatics in hantavirus disease remain undetermined. here we report that hantaviruses productively inf ...201222696643
genetic characterization of a new subtype of hantaan virus isolated from a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) epidemic area in hubei province, china.to characterize hantaviruses currently circulating in the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) epidemic area of hubei province, rodents were captured and serum samples were collected from several hfrs patients. the partial s segment of the hantaviruses amplified from two serum samples had a high degree of sequence identity to the corresponding hantavirus strain isolated from apodemus agrarius (designated as hv004). the complete s, m, and l segment sequences of hv004 were determined. the ...201222718221
hantaan virus triggers tlr4-dependent innate immune responses.the innate immune response induced by hantavirus is responsible for endothelial cell dysfunction and viral pathogenicity. recent studies demonstrate that tlr4 expression is upregulated and mediates the secretion of several cytokines in hantaan virus (htnv)-infected endothelial cells. to examine viral interactions with host endothelial cells and characterize the innate antiviral responses associated with toll-like receptors, we selected tlr4 as the target molecule to investigate anti-hantavirus i ...201222775464
isolation of hokkaido virus, genus hantavirus, using a newly established cell line derived from the kidney of the grey red-backed vole (myodes rufocanus bedfordiae).hantaviruses belong to the family bunyaviridae and are maintained in wild rodents. although vero e6 cells, which originate from african green monkey kidney, are used widely in hantavirus research, isolation of hantaviruses from this cell line is difficult. to develop an efficient method of propagation and isolation of hantaviruses we established a novel cell line, mrk101, derived from the kidney of the grey red-backed vole (myodes rufocanus bedfordiae), the natural host of hokkaido virus (hokv). ...201222791608
hantaviruses in rodents and humans, xi'an, pr china.xi'an, the capital of shaanxi province, located in north-west china, is one of the major endemic areas for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). in this study, the epidemiological data of hfrs in xi'an from 1959 to 2010, especially in the past ten years (2001-2010), were surveyed. the features of hantavirus (hv) host carriers, the molecular characteristics of the hv s gene from hosts and patients, and the genome of the viral isolate were also investigated. data showed that there might b ...201222837422
cross-species transmission in the speciation of the currently known murinae-associated hantaviruses.to gain more insight into the phylogeny of dabieshan virus (dbsv), carried by niviventer confucianus and other murinae-associated hantaviruses, genome sequences of novel variants of dbsv were recovered from niviventer rats trapped in the mountainous areas of wenzhou, china. genetic analyses show that all known genetic variants of dbsv, including the ones identified in this study, are distinct from other murinae-associated hantaviruses. dbsv variants show geographic clustering and high intraspeci ...201222855492
hantavirus infection among wild small mammals in vellore, south india.wild indigenous small mammals including 83 rodents (bandicoot and black rats, and house mice) and a shrew captured from multiple sites in vellore, south india, were tested for serological and molecular evidence of hantavirus infection. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using hantaan virus (htnv) antigen indicated hantavirus-reactive antibodies in 16 (19.3%) of 83 rodents (bandicoot and black rats). western blot (wb) using thailand virus (thaiv) antigen confirmed hantavirus-reactive antibod ...201322856552
hantaan virus rna load in patients having hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: correlation with disease severity.to investigate the role of viral load in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, the hantaan virus rna load in plasma from 101 patients was quantified, and the relationships between viral load and disease course, severity, and level of specific humoral immunity were analyzed. the viral load, detectable in 79 patients, ranged from 3.43 to 7.33 log10 copies/ml of plasma. in the early stage of disease, patients in severe/critical group were found to have higher viral loads than th ...201322869912
dynamics of hantavirus infections in humans and animals in wuhan city, hubei, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) has been a significant public problem since the first cases were reported in 1961 in wuhan city (capital of hubei province of china). epidemiological surveys were carried out to better understand the dynamics of hantavirus infection in humans and animals in wuhan. during 1961-2011, a total of 21,820 hfrs cases were registered in wuhan. the two large epidemics had occurred during 1970-1991. they reached peaks in 1973 and 1983, respectively. there have ...201222910184
identification of a novel b-cell epitope of hantaan virus glycoprotein recognized by neutralizing 3d8 monoclonal antibody.hantaan virus (htnv), a member of the family bunyaviridae, is a major agent causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a high-mortality-rate disease threatening approximately 150 000 people around the world yearly. the 3d8 mab displays a neutralizing activity to htnv infection. in this study, the b-cell epitopes of htnv glycoproteins (gps) were finely mapped by peptide scanning. a new b-cell epitope (882)gflcpefpgsfrkkc(896) of htnv, which locates on gc, has been screened out from a set of ...201222933664
[genetic characteristics of hantaviruses carried by microtus maximowixzii in yakeshi of inner mongolia, china].to analyze the viral genetic characteristics of hantaviruses carried by microtus maximowixzii in yakeshi of inner mongolia autonomous region and its relationship with hantaan virus (htnv) and seoul virus (seov) viruses as well as to identify the natural host of khabarovsk virus (khav).201222967339
[coordination of the changes in some sites of the hantaviral segments].correlation in the changes of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences at the hantaan virus occurring in different parts of s- and m-segments were studied. the correlation was analyzed using comparison of substitutions in aligned nucleic sequences of the segments. correlations of the nucleotide substitutions between s- and m-segments were observed. probably, this coordination of the changes in both segments reflects features of the tertiary structure of rna.201623012982
establishment of sybr green-based qpcr assay for rapid evaluation and quantification for anti-hantaan virus compounds in vitro and in suckling mice.hantaan viruses cause two severe diseases lacking efficient treatment, yet no effective prophylactic vaccines are available. continued exploration of alternative antiviral agents to treat hantavirus-related syndromes remains compulsory. the fluorescence-based quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) has become the touchstone for target gene quantification. in the present study, standard curves for hantaan virus (htnv), mouse, and human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) were generated by ...201323054436
the genetic polymorphisms of hla are strongly correlated with the disease severity after hantaan virus infection in the chinese han population.the polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (hla), which is a genetic factor that influences the progression of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) after hantaan virus (htnv) infection, was incompletely understood. in this case-control study, 76 hfrs patients and 370 healthy controls of the chinese han population were typed for the hla-a, -b, and -drb1 loci. the general variation at the hla-drb1 locus was associated with the onset of hfrs (p < 0.05). the increasing frequencies of hla-dr ...201223091554
sustained high level of serum vegf at convalescent stage contributes to the renal recovery after htnv infection in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) in the increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells after hantaan virus (htnv) infection in humans, the concentration of vegf in serum from htnv infected patients was quantified with sandwich elisa. generally, the level of serum vegf in patients was elevated to 607.0 (542.2-671.9) pg/ml, which was dramatically higher compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). there was a rapid increase of the serum vegf level in all pa ...201223097674
elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels induce hyperpermeability of endothelial cells in hantavirus infection.to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs).201223206462
thrombocytopenia as a predictor of severe acute kidney injury in patients with hantaan virus infections.hematological abnormalities often occur several days before kidney injury in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). we aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of the early hematological markers in patients with hfrs caused by hantaan virus (htnv) infection.201323301047
an efficient method for isolation of hantaan virus through serial passages in suckling mice.hantaan virus (htnv) is one of the main etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in china. however, it is very difficult to isolate the virus from its original host, which hampers the viral characterization. this study describes an efficient method for isolating htnv in suckling mice.201323306793
bilateral simultaneous angle-closure glaucoma associated with septic condition of korean hemorrhagic fever (khf).to report a case of bilateral simultaneous angle-closure glaucoma caused by septic condition of korean hemorrhagic fever.201523429623
hla-a2 and b35 restricted hantaan virus nucleoprotein cd8+ t-cell epitope-specific immune response correlates with milder disease in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.hantaan virus (htnv) infection in humans is a serious public health concern in asia. a potent t cell activation peptide vaccine from htnv structure protein represents a promising immunotherapy for disease control. however, the t cell epitopes of the htnv restricted by the hla alleles and the role of epitope-specific t cell response after htnv infection remain largely unexplored.201323469304
epidemiology of hantavirus infection in thousand islands regency of jakarta, indonesia.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a rodent-borne zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. many hfrs cases have been reported in east asia and north europe, while the situation in southeast asia remains unclear. in this study, the prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents and humans in thousand islands regency, which is close to the port of jakarta, one of the largest historic ports in indonesia, was investigated. a total of 170 rodents were captured in 2005, and 27 (15. ...201323503293
a two-tube multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of four hemorrhagic fever viruses: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, hantaan virus, seoul virus, and dengue virus.the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a two-tube multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection and identification of four viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) pathogens, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), hantaan virus (htnv), seoul virus (seov), and dengue virus (denv), from human clinical samples. the two-tube multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay we developed has a sensitivity of 10 copies/μl for each of the targets, and the performance was linear within the range ...201323532380
rapid, whole blood diagnostic test for detecting anti-hantavirus antibody in rats.hantavirus is a causative agent of rodent-borne viral zoonoses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. seoul virus (seov) is a causative agent of urban and laboratory rat-associated hfrs worldwide. surveillance of rodents has been done mainly by serological detection of hantavirus-specific antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunofluorescent antibody assay (ifa). an immunochromatographic (icg) test was developed with the n-termina ...201323684845
slit2-robo4 receptor responses inhibit andv directed permeability of human lung microvascular endothelial cells.hantaviruses nonlytically infect human endothelial cells (ecs) and cause edematous and hemorrhagic diseases. andes virus (andv) causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), and hantaan virus (htnv) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hantaviruses enhance vascular endothelial growth factor directed ec permeability resulting in the disassembly of inter-endothelial cell adherens junctions (ajs). recent studies demonstrate that slit2 binding to robo1/robo4 receptors on ecs has opposi ...201323702092
ifitm-2 and ifitm-3 but not ifitm-1 restrict rift valley fever virus.we show that interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (ifitm-1), ifitm-2, and ifitm-3 exhibit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against several members of the bunyaviridae family, including rift valley fever virus (rvfv), la crosse virus, andes virus, and hantaan virus, all of which can cause severe disease in humans and animals. we found that rvfv was restricted by ifitm-2 and -3 but not by ifitm-1, whereas the remaining viruses were equally restricted by all ifitms. indeed, at low doses ...201323720721
showers, sweating and suing: legionnaires' disease and 'new' infections in britain, 1977-90.legionnaires' disease is now routinely discussed as an 'emerging infectious disease' (eid) and is said to be one of the earliest such diseases to be recognised. it first appeared in 1976 and its cause was identified in 1977, the same year that ebola fever, hantaan virus and campylobacter jejuni arrived. the designation of legionnaires' disease as an eid was retrospective; it was not and could not be otherwise as the category only gained currency in the early 1990s. in this article we reflect on ...201223752984
induction of hantaan virus-specific immune responses in c57bl/6 mice by immunization with a modified recombinant adenovirus containing the chimeric gene, gcs0.7.hantavirus glycoprotein gc is one of the main components that contribute to the generation of humoral immune responses, while the nucleocapsid protein (np) is involved in cellular immune responses through the induction of antibody-dependent cytotoxic t cells. in this study, a chimeric gene, gcs0.7, which encodes a fusion protein containing gc and truncated np, was constructed as a candidate for hantaan virus (htnv) vaccine development. the chimeric gene was cloned into an adenoviral vector in co ...201323783439
spatial analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in zibo city, china, 2009-2012.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is highly endemic in mainland china, where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. zibo city is one of the most serious affected areas in shandong province china with the hfrs incidence increasing sharply from 2009 to 2012. however, the hotspots of hfrs in zibo remained unclear. thus, a spatial analysis was conducted with the aim to explore the spatial, spatial-temporal and seasonal patterns of hfrs in zibo from 2009 to 2012, and to pro ...201323840719
clinical and molecular epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in korea over a 10-year period.laboratory diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), an infectious disease caused by rodent-borne hantaviruses in asia and europe, depends primarily on serological methods. since the advent of such serodiagnostic tests, few reports are available about the clinical and molecular epidemiological features of hfrs.201323871164
a novel sin nombre virus dna vaccine and its inclusion in a candidate pan-hantavirus vaccine against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs).sin nombre virus (snv; family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) causes a hemorrhagic fever known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north america. there have been approximately 200 fatal cases of hps in the united states since 1993, predominantly in healthy working-age males (case fatality rate 35%). there are no fda-approved vaccines or drugs to prevent or treat hps. previously, we reported that hantavirus vaccines based on the full-length m gene segment of andes virus (andv) for hps in so ...201323892100
[the analysis of hantavirus s gene in apodemus agrarius in changbai area].to gain more insights into epidemiologic characteristics and genotype of hantavirus in apodemus agrarius in changbai area. complete hantavirus s segment sequences were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced. the phylogenetic trees were constructed for analysis of genetic characters of hantavirus. a total of 58 apodemus agrarius were trapped in the epidemic areas, and complete hantavirus s segment sequences were obtained from 4 lung samples of these rodents (6. 90%0). phylogenetic analysis of the four ...201323895001
the murine model for hantaan virus-induced lethal disease shows two distinct paths in viral evolutionary trajectory with and without ribavirin treatment.in vitro, ribavirin acts as a lethal mutagen in hantaan virus (htnv)-infected vero e6 cells, resulting in an increased mutation load and viral population extinction. in this study, we asked whether ribavirin treatment in the lethal, suckling mouse model of htnv infection would act similarly. the htnv genomic rna (vrna) copy number and infectious virus were measured in lungs of untreated and ribavirin-treated mice. in untreated, htnv-infected mice, the vrna copy number increased for 10 days posti ...201323903835
hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein stimulates mdm2-dependent p53 degradation.apoptosis has been shown to be induced and downregulated by the hantaan virus (htnv) nucleocapsid (n) protein. to address these conflicting data, expression of the p53 protein, one of the key molecules involved in apoptosis, was assessed in the presence of the n protein in a549 and hela cells. the amount of p53, increased by drug treatment, was reduced when cells were infected with htnv or transfected with an expression vector of the htnv n protein. when cells were treated with a proteasome inhi ...201323994832
elevated plasma soluble sema4d/cd100 levels are associated with disease severity in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.hantaan virus (htnv) could cause a severe lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. despite a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of hfrs, the importance of host-related immune responses in the pathogenesis of hfrs has been widely recognized. cd100/sema4d has been demonstrated to play an important role in physiological and pathological immune responses, but the functional role of cd100 in infectious diseases has only been inadequately reported. the aim of this study wa ...201324040126
role of nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses in intracellular traffic of viral glycoproteins.to understand the role of nucleocapsid protein (np) of hantaviruses in viral assembly, the effect of np on intracellular traffic of viral glycoproteins gn and gc was investigated. double staining of viral and host proteins in hantaan virus (htnv)-infected vero e6 cells showed that gn and gc were localized to cis-golgi, in which virus particles are thought to be formed. when htnv gn and gc were expressed by a plasmid encoding glycoprotein precursor (gpc), which is posttranslationally cleaved into ...201324070985
hantaviruses induce cell type- and viral species-specific host microrna expression signatures.the mechanisms of hantavirus-induced modulation of host cellular immunity remain poorly understood. recently, micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as a class of essential regulators of host immune response genes. to ascertain if differential host mirna expression toward representative hantavirus species correlated with immune response genes, mirna expression profiles were analyzed in human endothelial cells, macrophages and epithelial cells infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic rodent- and shrew ...201324074584
a recombinant pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the envelope glycoprotein of hantaan virus induced protective immunity in mice.hantaviruses cause acute hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). currently, several types of inactivated hfrs vaccines are widely used, however the limited ability of these immunogen to elicit neutralizing antibodies restricts vaccine efficacy. development of an effective vaccine to overcome this weakness is must.201324093752
ongoing spillover of hantaan and gou hantaviruses from rodents is associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in china.longquan city, zhejiang province, china, has been seriously affected by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) since the first cases were registered in 1974. to understand the epidemiology and emergence of hfrs in longquan, which may be indicative of large parts of rural china, we studied long-term incidence patterns and performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of the causative hantaviruses in human and rodent populations.201324147168
development of a sybr green i based one-step real-time pcr assay for the detection of hantaan virus.hantaan virus (htnv), which belongs to the genus hantavirus, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) mainly in china. the diagnosis of hfrs depends on clinical manifestations and serological tests. a sybr green i based one-step real-time pcr assay was established in this study to detect htnv. the htnv standard curves were generated by plotting mean cycle threshold (ct) values versus 10-fold serial dilutions of a previous titrated htnv stock over a wide range of concentrations (1×10(7 ...201424269331
quantification of hantaan virus with a sybr green i-based one-step qrt-pcr assay.hantaan virus (htnv) is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in asia, especially in china. shaanxi province, which is located in northwest of china, is one of the areas in china most severely afflicted with hfrs epidemics annually. this study aims to establish a quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay to detect htnv both in cell culture and clinical serum samples. we established a sybr green i-based one-step qrt-pcr assay that targets the s segment of th ...201324278449
dna vaccines for hfrs: laboratory and clinical studies.dna vaccines can be constructed to produce specific immunogens while avoiding the risks associated with propagating infectious viruses. plasmid dna vaccines have well established manufacturing procedures and are safe in that they are replication defective, cannot revert to virulence and cannot be transmitted from person-to-person or into the environment. in addition, dna vaccines can be combined to form multivalent formulations and can be delivered by a variety of methods. because of these numer ...201424370868
discovery of hantaviruses and of the hantavirus genus: personal and historical perspectives of the presidents of the international society of hantaviruses.we three authors, the two past presidents (hwl and av) and the current president (css) of the international society for hantaviruses (ish) have attended most of the nine international conferences on hfrs, hps and hantaviruses (table 1). these conferences have provided a forum for a synergistic group of clinicians, basic researchers, mammalogists, epidemiologists and ecologists to share their expertise and interests in all aspects of hantavirus research. much of what is now hantavirus dogma was o ...201424412711
a phase 1 clinical trial of hantaan virus and puumala virus m-segment dna vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome delivered by intramuscular electroporation.haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in asia, europe and scandinavia, and is caused by infection with the hantaviruses hantaan (htnv), seoul (seov), puumala (puuv), or dobrava (dobv) viruses. we developed candidate dna vaccines for hfrs expressing the gn and gc genes of htnv or puuv and evaluated them in an open-label, single-centre phase 1 study. three groups of nine participants each were vaccinated on days 0, 28 and 56 with the dna vaccines for htnv, puuv, or a mixture of ...201424447183
analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in college students in xi'an, china.the aim of the present study was to analyze an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), caused by a hantavirus, in college students in the northern urban area of xi'an in 2012. the outbreak affected six students and included two deaths. the epidemiological survey revealed that both of the deceased cases were misdiagnosed initially, and treatment was delayed. furthermore, a higher rodent population density and lower hfrs vaccine coverage were observed in the affected area, which ...201424481251
induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses in a mouse model following gene fusion of hsp70c and hantaan virus gn and s0.7 in an adenoviral vector.heat shock proteins (hsps) display adjuvant functions when given as fusion proteins to enhance vaccination efficiency. to evaluate enhanced potency of hantaan virus (htnv) glycoprotein (gp) and nucleocapsid protein (np) immunogenicity by heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), a recombinant adenovirus rad-gns0.7-pcag-hsp70c expression vector was developed by genetically linking the hsp70 c-terminal gene (hsp70 359-610 aa, hsp70c) to the gn and 0.7 kb fragment of the np (aa1-274-s0.7). c57bl/6 mice were i ...201424505421
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