Publications

[voluntary inoculation of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus; clinical & etiological study].		1959	13639773
etiological relation between korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan.	the first case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan was seen in osaka in 1960. the etiologic agent of this disease has not yet been isolated, but a close etiologic relation between korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan has been suspected because of similarities in the clinical and pathological pictures of the two diseases. this relation has now been confirmed serologically by demonstrating specific immunofluorescent antibodies to korean hemorrhagic fever virus in 19 ...	1979	43726
propagation of korean hemorrhagic fever virus in laboratory rats.	korean hemorrhagic fever virus (khfv) has been adapted to the wistar and fisher strains of rats. infection was detected by the appearance of specific antigen in the lung tissue of the infected rats at 14 to 64 days after inoculation and by the appearance of circulating antibodies in ther serum which reacted specifically with khfv antigen in the lungs of infected apodemus agrarius subsp. coreae 3 weeks after inoculation. distribution of antigen in rat tissues as determined by immunofluorescent st ...	1981	6111538
electron microscope appearance of hantaan virus, the causative agent of korean haemorrhagic fever.	the morphology and morphogenesis of three strains of hantaan virus, which causes korean haemorrhagic fever (khf), were examined by thin-section and negative-contrast electron microscopy of infected a549 cell-culture specimens. in thin sections, virus was detected within cytoplasmic granular matrices (viroplasms) of the infected cells. virus particles were spherical (diameter 73 +/- 5 nm), and had an extremely electron-dense core (diameter 47 +/- 6.5 nm). replication and maturation of the virus s ...	1981	6112446
intraspecific transmission of hantaan virus, etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, in the rodent apodemus agrarius.	experimental parameters of infection and intraspecific transmission of hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, in apodemus agrarius rodents were determined. mice inoculated by the intramuscular route experienced viremia for about 1 week beginning on day 7. after 3 weeks, immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibodies were present and no mouse ever developed signs of acute illness. virus was recovered from lung, kidney, salivary gland, and liver, and virus excretion in urin ...	1981	6116436
korean hemorrhagic fever among rural residents in japan.	naturally occurring infection with korean hemorrhagic fever virus among four families living in rural areas of northern and central japan was proved by the demonstration of antibody to the virus. furthermore, korean hemorrhagic fever virus antigen was detected in the lung tissues of wild rodents captured in the endemic area. these findings indicate the endemic presence of korean hemorrhagic fever virus on honshu island, japan.	1981	6118386
morphological identification of the agent of korean haemorrhagic fever (hantaan virus)as a member of the bunyaviridae.	korean haemorrhagic fever (khf) (hantaan virus), a rodent-borne viral illness, is an important cause of human disease throughout much of asia and eastern europe. the agent responsible for khf has not yet been conclusively identified. plaque-purified khf virus was concentrated and then banded in a potassium tartrate gradient. material from the 1.17-1.19 g/ml band was examined by electron microscopy and particles with a morphology identical to that of the family bunyaviridae were found. the partic ...	1982	6121225
hantaan virus, aetiological agent of korean haemorrhagic fever, has bunyaviridae-like morphology.	spherical to oval particles with a unit membrane and subunit surface structure were demonstrated by negative-contrast staining of supernatant fluids of a-549 cell cultures infected with strain 76-118 of hantaan virus. the particles had an average diameter of about 95 nm, with a range of 80 to 110 nm. similar particles were isolated by buoyant density fractionation in sucrose gradients. in four separate experiments, infectivity cosedimented with 95 nm particles at buoyant densities from 1.15 to 1 ...	1982	6121226
intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice with hantaan virus.		1982	6125672
hantaan virus is related to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in norway.		1982	6125745
isolation of hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, from wild urban rats.	urban rats captured in seoul and four nearby korean cities were found to have immunofluorescent antibodies reactive with hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever (khf). serum antibodies were detected in 13% from 477 rattus norvegicus and 11% of 47 rattus rattus. hantaan viral antigen was found in pulmonary tissues of 42 animals, and hantaan virus was recovered from 23 rats, all but two of which were r. norvegicus. wistar rats were qualitatively much more sensitive than apod ...	1982	6127366
laboratory-acquired infections with hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever.	clinically apparent infections with hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, occurred in nine persons exposed to the virus at the korea university virus institute (seoul) between 1971 and 1979. all were directly related to trapping of wild rodents or work with naturally or experimentally infected wild and laboratory rodents in a designated animal suite. all infections were acquired during the months of november-april, and none was associated with accidental parenteral inoc ...	1982	6127367
seroepidemiology of hantaan virus.		1982	6129497
muroid virus nephropathies and muroid viruses of the hantaan virus group.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) came dramatically to the attention of western medicine in 1951 with the "new" disease becoming a major source of morbidity and mortality in american troops in korea. known there as epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) or korean hemorrhagic fever (khf), it became apparent that it was the same disease as the endemic (epidemic) hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis of the soviet far east and songo fever of the japanese army in manchuria. the conjecture that the mil ...	1982	6134336
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: memorandum from a who meeting.	haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a public health problem throughout most of the european and asian land mass. although predominantly associated with rural areas, it is now being recognized as an urban problem in some countries, and also presents a particular hazard to laboratory staff who use rodents for biomedical research. in wild rodents (rats, mice and voles) the infection is asymptomatic. human infection with the hfrs agent(s) is sporadic, but under special circumstances epi ...	1983	6134591
immunofluorescence studies of disseminated hantaan virus infection of suckling mice.	hantaan virus, the etiological agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, was inoculated intracerebrally or intraperitoneally into suckling mice, and the course of the infection was followed by infectivity titration and immunofluorescence studies. mice became ill and were moribund by 13 to 14 days postinfection. in mice inoculated either intracerebrally or intraperitoneally, virus antigen was present in brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney. less consistently, specific fluorescence was observed in sple ...	1983	6134678
characterization of hantaan virions, the prototype virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hantaan virus, strain 76-118, was propagated to high titer in a clone of vero cells, and infectious virions were successfully concentrated and purified. infectivity and virus antigenic activity were closely associated with a virus particle that exhibited a sedimentation rate indistinguishable from a representative member of the bunyaviridae. purified virions sedimented to a density of 1.16-1.17 in sucrose and 1.20-1.21 in cesium chloride. detergent disruption of virions resulted in a nucleocapsi ...	1983	6140290
disseminated intravascular coagulation in korean hemorrhagic fever.	to investigate the nature and role of coagulation and complement alterations in the pathogenesis of korean hemorrhagic fever (khf), the profiles from the early stages in 27 male patients were serially evaluated. evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) was observed in 14 of the 27 patients (51.8%) sometime during the course of the disease. the earlier the coagulation tests were performed, the more frequently the evidence of dic was found. the mean serum c3 concentration was signi ...	1983	6141786
monoclonal antibodies specific for hantaan virus.	six hybridoma cell line producing monoclonal antibodies to hantaan virus were established by fusion of ns-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with hantaan virus strain 76-118. the specificity of these monoclonal antibodies was established by immunoblotting analysis and immunofluorescence. five of the clones reacted with antigens on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, and one clone reacted with a determinant expressed only in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. two of th ...	1983	6408643
an epidemiological survey of nephropathia epidemica in sweden.	the indirect immunofluorescence test (ift) using the hantaan virus (agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, khf) was applied for detection of antibodies to nephropathia epidemica (ne). from 103 patients with symptoms suggesting ne, 61% revealed khf/ne antibodies in the convalescent sera. all seropositive patients seemed to have acquired their disease in ne endemic areas (north of the 60th parallel). only patients found to have a typical clinical ne (fever, abdominal pain and renal engagement) were se ...	1983	6417769
analysis of hantaan virus rna: evidence for a new genus of bunyaviridae.	hantaan virus, the prototype virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, was examined for nucleic acid characteristics which would support its previously proposed inclusion in the virus family bunyaviridae. nucleocapsid rna from hantaan virions and a control bunyavirus were examined for ribonuclease a (rnase a) sensitivity. both viruses exhibited a similar accessibility of rna within nucleocapsids to digestion by rnase a. complete digestion of the rna of both viruses was affected with high c ...	1983	6419460
broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide, a new antiviral agent.	the relative in vitro antiviral activities of three related nucleoside carboxamides, ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), tiazofurin (2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide), and selenazole (2-beta-d-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide), were studied against selected dna and rna viruses. although the activity of selenazole against different viruses varied, it was significantly more potent than ribavirin and tiazofurin against all tested representatives of the ...	1983	6615611
[prevalence of ectoparasites, endoparasites, bacteria and anti-hantaan virus antibodies in wild rats captured in harbor area of shimizu, japan].		1984	6431033
infectivity titration of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus: use of immune adherence hemagglutination for detection of virus growth.	serial dilutions of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses were inoculated into vero-e6 cells in microplates. after 2 weeks of incubation, infected cells were disrupted by freezing and thawing, and virus antigens were detected by immune adherence hemagglutination. the infectivity titers of the virus as determined by this method were in close agreement with those obtained by the immunofluorescent antigen endpoint method. then, a neutralization method was established. japanese hemorrhagic f ...	1984	6436305
evaluation of focus reduction neutralization test with peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus.	titers of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus were estimated by counting foci stained with peroxidase-antiperoxidase or by using immunofluorescence methods. foci stained with pap were clearer and easier to count. the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed a linear relationship between virus concentration and the number of foci. a focus-reduction neutralizing antibody test was performed with immune rat sera and sera from patients. again, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method proved to be ...	1984	6440908
experimental infection in newborn mice and rats by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus.	newborn mice and rats were inoculated intracerebrally (ic) or intraperitoneally (ip) with hantaan virus (76-118 strain) or hfrs-related virus (b-1 strain). the mortality and the influence on the increase of body weight in newborn mice were higher in the groups infected with the 76-118 strain than in the groups infected with the b-1 strain, while the b-1 strain was more virulent in rats than the 76-118 strain. virus isolation from rats inoculated with either strain was attempted 7 and 11 weeks af ...	1984	6442757
hantaan virus: identification of virion proteins.	sds-page and immunoprecipitation analyses were carried out on the virion and cell-associated proteins of hantaan virus, the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). purified virions have a density of 1.17 g/ml in sucrose, and contain four proteins with molecular weights of 45 000 (45k), 56k, 72k and 200k, confirming recent evidence that the virus is a member of the family bunyaviridae. detergent treatment of virions indicates that the 45k protein is the virus nucleoprote ...	1984	6540294
two cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in northern greece.	two cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were diagnosed in woodcutters presumably exposed to wild rodents and their urine in a forest in northern greece. the disease was characterized by acute renal insufficiency without hemorrhagic manifestations. one patient required hemodialysis, but both recovered without sequelae and developed a fourfold increase in titer of antibody to hantaan virus, as determined by an immunofluorescence test. these are the first reported cases of hemorrhagic fe ...	1984	6145743
[acute interstitial nephropathy secondary to hantaan virus infection].		1984	6149540
hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hemagglutination activity was demonstrated in a hantaan virus antigen prepared from infected suckling mouse brain by sucrose-acetone extraction. hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes was ph dependent and was optimal at ph 6.0-6.2. immunofluorescent and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were significantly correlated in 80 human and 13 animal sera. hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody was present in some patients 20 years after the onset of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the hemagglu ...	1984	6150063
positive serological evidence that hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, is endemic in canada.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is endemic in most parts of the world. the etiological agent in known as hantaan virus. more than 2000 canadian sera from all age groups and provinces were tested for the presence of antibody to this virus by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. the frequency of seropositivity ranged from 0.3 to 4.0%, with the national average being 1.4%. newfoundland and new brunswick in the atlantic region had the highest positivity, being higher than hyperen ...	1984	6150755
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome due to hantaan virus or a serologically related virus].	seven cases of acute renal failure consecutive to haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) due to the hantaan virus or to a serologically related virus are reported. these cases were observed in north-eastern france between march, 1983 and january, 1984. all patients were of rural origin and had been in contact with field mice. the predominant initial clinical symptoms were signs of infection and diffuse muscle pain, without evidence of haemorrhage. however, massive proteinuria was noted, a ...	1984	6151176
synergistic antiviral effects of ribavirin and the c-nucleoside analogs tiazofurin and selenazofurin against togaviruses, bunyaviruses, and arenaviruses.	binary combinations of the n-nucleoside ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) and the c-nucleoside analog selenazofurin (2-beta-d-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) or tiazofurin (2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) were tested in vitro for activity against venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, rift valley fever, korean hemorrhagic fever, and pichinde viruses. the 50% effective dose for each compound alone or in a series ...	1984	6151377
hantaan virus.		1984	6151600
clinical and serological diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica, the mild type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	the serological diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica (ne), the mild european type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), was studied by means of an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (ifat) in a large outbreak in finland (morbidity 1.4/1000 population). acetone-fixed sections of lung of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) naturally infected with puumala virus served as antigen. altogether 65 patients were followed serologically for up to 20 months. serological results obtai ...	1984	6151960
antigenic differences between two viruses, isolated in japan and korea, that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hantaan virus (hv) 76-118, isolated from apodemus agrarius coreae in korea, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus b-1, isolated from a rat in japan, were examined for polypeptide compositions and for differences in immune responses in rats. in immunoprecipitation experiments, a major polypeptide of ca. 50 kilodaltons (k) was detected with antisera against hv 76-118 in cell extracts from vero e6 cells infected with hfrs virus b-1, whereas three major polypeptides of 74 k (glycosy ...	1984	6207309
in-vivo activity of antivirals against exotic rna viral infections.	infection of humans by viruses belonging to the families of toga-, bunya-, and arenaviridae constitutes a major health problem worldwide and certain of the viruses have the potential to cause widespread epidemics. in the search for effective chemotherapy against these viruses several hundred nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have been screened for antiviral activity. of the compounds tested, ribavirin, has been shown in laboratory animal models to have significant inhibitory effects against ri ...	1984	6208183
an immune adherence assay for discrimination between etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	antigens of the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and antibodies to these antigens were titrated in an immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) test and a cf test. vero-e6 cells infected with the sr-11 strain of hfrs virus, an isolate from rats associated with a laboratory outbreak in japan, and the 76-118 strain of hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, were used as antigens in the iaha, cf, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) tes ...	1984	6141206
morphology and morphogenesis of viruses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). i. some peculiar aspects of the morphogenesis of various strains of hfrs virus.	the morphology and morphogenesis of viruses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were studied by thin-section electron microscopy. ten strains of hfrs virus isolated in china and one strain isolated in korea were compared. the virions varied in size as well as in the shape and character of their inner components. both intracellular and extracellular ribosome-like, electron-dense, virus-associated granules were seen. a viral antigen layer was often visualized on the surface of hfrs vir ...	1985	2984144
immunoperoxidase assay for the detection of specific igg antibodies to hantaan virus.	a technique, using indirect immunoperoxidase antibody (ipa), was developed for the detection of igg antibody to hantaan virus. the same protein a-peroxidase conjugate was used with mouse, rat and human sera. the ipa technique employs glass slides with air-dried gamma-ray-inactivated and acetone-fixed hantaan-infected vero-e6 cells. antibody titers detected by ipa was comparable to those detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.	1985	3882732
geographical distribution and age related prevalence of antibody to hantaan-like virus in rat populations of baltimore, maryland, usa.	recent studies indicate that domestic rats (rattus norvegicus) from harbor-side areas within port cities of the united states are infected with a hantaan-like virus. the geographical distribution of seropositive rats may be extremely localized within these urban environments. we surveyed four widely separated residential sites distant from the harbor within baltimore, maryland, usa, to determine the geographical distribution and prevalence of antibody to hantaan-like virus in rats from urban are ...	1985	3885776
definition of three serotypes of hantaviruses by a double sandwich elisa with biotin-avidin amplification system.	a total of seven different isolates of hantaviruses from five mammalian species and six geographical areas were examined by a double sandwich elisa with biotin-avidin amplification system. three serotypes were recognized by comparing antigen titres to homologous and heterologous antibody and blocking antibody titres to homologous and heterologous antigens. serotype 1 included four strains: hantaan virus isolated from apodemus agrarius in south korea, hupei-i isolated from acute-phase serum from ...	1985	3926952
distinction between bunyaviridae genera by surface structure and comparison with hantaan virus using negative stain electron microscopy.	ultrastructural studies of glutaraldehyde-fixed viruses of the bunyaviridae were performed by negative-stain electron microscopy. the surface structure of viruses of each genus was compared with that of the other genera and with hantaan virus, the prototype of a proposed new genus of bunyaviridae. viruses of each genus had a surface structure distinct for that genus. in addition, hantaan virus had a surface structure composed of a grid-like pattern of morphologic subunits not previously describe ...	1985	2412528
immune spleen cell-mediated protection against fatal hantaan virus infection in infant mice.	to clarify the basis of the age-dependent susceptibility of infant mice to fatal meningoencephalitis caused by hantaan virus, we investigated the ability of spleen cells from immune and nonimmune weanling balb/c mice to confer protection to syngeneic infant mice. intraperitoneal transfer of 10 x 10(7), 5 x 10(7), 2.5 x 10(7), and 1.2 x 10(7) immune spleen cells to infant mice 24 hr after intracerebral challenge with 100 50% lethal doses of hantaan virus (strain 76-118) resulted in 100%, 70%, 64% ...	1985	2857753
pathogenesis of hantaan virus infection in suckling mice: clinical, virologic, and serologic observations.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a debilitating disease of humans caused by hantaan virus (hv), the prototype member of a newly proposed genus of bunyaviridae. studies of hv pathogenesis have been limited by the absence of a well defined model for a virus-induced disease state. in an attempt to devise a model for hv pathogenesis in laboratory rodents, newborn outbred suckling icr mice were shown to be uniformly susceptible to lethal infection with non-mouse adapted hv by intracere ...	1985	2858987
serological evidence of hantaan virus infection in the united states.	we found low titers of fluorescent antibodies against hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, in sera from 7 of 1,035 patients with febrile illnesses of unknown origin and from 6 of 664 blood donors in the united states. all but 1 of these individuals possessed neutralizing antibodies against hantaan virus. this was a 31-year-old research technician who had worked with laboratory rodents with virus-induced tumors, but had not traveled abroad, suggesting that infection wit ...	1985	2858988
antiviral neutralizing antibody to hantaan virus as determined by plaque reduction technique.	the 76--118 strain of hantaan virus was titrated in e6 (vero) cells by the plaque method using agarose overlay medium. visible plaques, formed 10 days post-infection, were uniformly 2--3 mm in diameter. dose-response experiments showed that a single infectious particle initiated the formation of a plaque. infectivity titers by the plaque method were equivalent to those obtained by the endpoint method (tcid50) using the immunofluorescence antibody technique (ifa) for antigen detection. the single ...	1985	2859845
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: hantaan virus infection.		1985	2859905
outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in greece.	an outbreak of eight cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in north-west greece is presented. the major clinical manifestation was fever and all patients subsequently developed decreased renal function and proteinuria. the disease was diagnosed by rising antibody titers to the hantaan virus.	1985	2861091
hantaan virus.		1985	2861238
serological and virological evidence of a hantaan virus-related enzootic in the united states.	the first isolation of a hantaan-related virus from a feral rat in the united states was made from a rattus norvegicus caught in new orleans. the strain, designated tchoupitoulas virus, is antigenically related to, but distinct from, the prototype strain 76-118 of hantaan virus and is the first hantaan-like virus isolated from the pancreas of a naturally infected animal. serosurveys of wild rodents from urban and rural areas in the united states indicated that hantaan-related viruses infected ur ...	1985	2861241
experimental infection with puumala virus, the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	subclinical chronic infections characterized by transient viremia, prolonged virus shedding in oropharyngeal secretions and feces, and virus persistence in tissues (particularly lung) developed in laboratory-bred weanling bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) inoculated intramuscularly with puumala virus (strain hällnäs), the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica. viral antigen, as evidence by granular fluorescence, was detected in the lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, and smal ...	1985	2861296
isolation of a hantaan-related virus from brazilian rats and serologic evidence of its widespread distribution in south america.	a serosurvey of domestic rats was conducted in several south american cities between september 1982 and march 1983 for evidence of hantavirus infection. antibody-positive rats were found in belem, são paulo and recife-olinda, brazil and in buenos aires, argentina, with the highest antibody prevalence rate detected in belem (30 positive of 54 tested, 56%). a virus isolated from tissues of a rattus norvegicus captured in belem, was shown to be antigenically similar to girard point viruses isolated ...	1985	2862803
a scottish case of nephropathy due to hantaan virus infection.	an illness characterised by acute renal failure, fever, conjunctivitis and a macular erythematous centrifugal rash is described in a scot who had not recently travelled abroad. there was serological evidence that the illness was due to hantaan or a closely related virus.	1985	2863308
differential susceptibility and resistance of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice to fatal hantaan virus infection.	susceptibility and resistance to fatal hantaan virus meningoencephalitis were studied in immunocompetent (nu/+) and congenitally t-cell deficient (nu/nu) cd-1 mice of different ages. susceptibility of nu/+ mice to fatal infection was age-dependent, as evidenced by 100 percent mortality in mice inoculated intracerebrally with hantaan virus (strain 76-118) during the first week of life, 60 percent mortality in mice inoculated at 9 days of age, and no disease or death in mice inoculated at 14 to 42 ...	1985	2864037
hantaan virus infection in suckling mice: virologic and pathologic correlates.	the hantaan virus suckling mouse model was examined to delineate virologic and histopathologic characteristics of infection at the organ level. viral antigen and infectious virus were detected in all organs examined, with highest titers achieved in brain, lung, and kidney. a constellation of histologic lesions was identified in brain (diffuse meningoencephalitis with bilaterally symmetrical thalamic necrosis), liver (pericholangiohepatitis), lung (pneumonitis), and spleen (lymphoid hyperplasia); ...	1985	2865331
serotypic classification of hantaviruses by indirect immunofluorescent antibody and plaque reduction neutralization tests.	antisera prepared against 16 strains of hantaviruses isolated from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) or from rodents captured in hfrs-endemic and nonendemic regions were titrated against hantaan virus strain 76-118, puumala virus strain sotkamo, and prospect hill virus strain prospect hill-i by using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody and plaque reduction neutralization tests. isolates fell into one of four distinct groups or serotypes. serotype 1 included apodemus- ...	1985	2866197
ribavirin therapy for hantaan virus infection in suckling mice.	we recently reported that ribavirin inhibited hantaan virus (hv) replication in vitro. in the present study, we used the hv suckling mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with various doses of ribavirin. beginning on day 10, untreated animals, infected with ten times the amount of hv (strain 76/118) required to kill 50% of the animals, lost weight; by days 15 to 18, they developed paralysis of both hind limbs, and they died between days 20 and 21. treatment with 50 mg of ribavirin/kg ...	1986	2869089
pathogenesis of experimental hantaan virus infection in laboratory rats.	weanling fischer rats inoculated intramuscularly with hantaan virus (strain 76-118) developed subclinical infections characterized by transient viremia and shedding of virus in saliva, persistence of virus in lung, pancreas, spleen and liver, and development of fluorescent and neutralizing antibodies in serum with immune complex deposition in lung. viremia and virus shedding in saliva occurred 10 to 13 days after inoculation. horizontal intracage transmission of infection occurred between 35 and ...	1986	2869749
epidemiological investigations following an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in greece.	epidemiological investigations were conducted following an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) which occurred in the state of epirus, northwestern greece, in july and august 1983. a total of 8 patients were hospitalized during the outbreak; 3 were severely ill and 1 died. a serosurvey made in may 1984 sampled 184 of the approximately 400 residents of the village of tsepelovo, where 4 patients resided, and found 12 (6.5%) persons, including convalescent sera from 4 patients, ...	1986	2871769
growth experiment of hantaan virus in a549 cells: an attempt to improve the immunofluorescent antibody technique for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	an assay method for the infectivity of hantaan virus, a causative agent of hfrs (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome), was developed by the use of ifa (immunofluorescent antibody technique). with the aid of this method, the growth characteristics of hantaan virus, 76-118 strain, were followed in a549 cells. at a maximal moi (multiplicity of infection) of 1.6 vaiu (viral antigen-inducing units) per cell, the conventionally available value, plateau level potencies of the viral antigen and virus ...	1986	2872077
[isolation of strains of the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a cell culture from human patients and rodents].	the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome serologically similar to hantaan virus was isolated from three rodent species, ap. peninsulae, cl. rutilus, cl. rufocanus, and from human patients in vero e6 cell culture.	1986	2425494
global survey of antibody to hantaan-related viruses among peridomestic rodents.	a global serological survey of rodents was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of antibody to hantaan-related viruses, which are the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in man. over 1700 rodent sera from more than 20 sites worldwide were examined by immunofluorescent antibody assay. high-titred positive sera were further tested by plaque reduction neutralization tests with prototype hantaan virus and urban rat-associated hantaan-like virus. antibo ...	1986	2425998
coding strategy of the s genome segment of hantaan virus.	hantaan virus is the type species of the recently recognized hantavirus genus of bunyaviridae. the small (s) rna segment of the negative-sense, tripartite genome was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the rna sequence derived from the cdna copy was found to contain 1696 nucleotides. a single open reading frame of sufficient size to encode the virus nucleocapsid protein was detected in the cdna corresponding to viral complementary-sense rna. rna transcripts of the cdna ...	1986	3024404
[acute kidney failure caused by hantaan virus. case report from the west germany].	a man aged 41 years who spent his leisure time in a marshy region infested with brown rats developed an infectious disease with high fever associated with diarrhoea, arthralgia and lumbago. in the course of the disease an acute renal failure occurred not requiring dialysis which spontaneously receded. histology revealed signs of an acute renal failure with sparse interstitial round-cell infiltrations. serological investigations showed a rising titre against hantaan virus, strain cg 1820 (1:1024) ...	1986	3080305
hantaan virus replication: effects of monensin, tunicamycin and endoglycosidases on the structural glycoproteins.	the monovalent ionophore monensin, which interferes with cellular transport pathways, and the antibiotic tunicamycin, which prevents glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins, were used to examine hantaan virus particle formation and polypeptide synthesis. viral replication in the presence of either drug resulted in reduced antigen production as well as reduced yields of both intracellular and extracellular infectious virus. analysis of viral polypeptides synthesized in the presence of the dru ...	1986	3083039
hantaan virus m rna: coding strategy, nucleotide sequence, and gene order.	the m genome segment of hantaan virus was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence of cdna was determined. the virion rna is 3616 bases long with 3'- and 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences complementary for 18 bases. a single long open reading frame in the viral complementary-sense rna had the potential to encode 1135 amino acids or a polypeptide of 126,000 da. amino-terminal sequences of isolated g1 and g2 envelope glycoproteins were determined, revealing a gene order with respect to messag ...	1987	3103329
nucleotide sequence of the m segment of the genomic rna of hantaan virus 76-118.		1987	3114716
viruses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) grouped by immunoprecipitation and hemagglutination inhibition.	nine viruses antigenically related to hantaan virus that were isolated from various rodents in several countries and from a patient were examined by immunoprecipitation and by hemagglutination inhibition (hi). the immunoprecipitation tests were done with a monoclonal antibody that reacted with glycoprotein g2 and an antibody against a nucleocapsid protein. the viruses were classified into four subtypes on the basis of the molecular weights of their precipitated polypeptides and the pattern of re ...	1987	3117723
[serological demonstration of the presence of hantaan virus in rattus norvegicus rats in a rural environment in france].		1987	2951694
[serological demonstration of the presence of hantaan virus in rattus norvegicus rats in an urban environment in france].		1987	2951696
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: clinical, virological and epidemiological perspectives.	haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is caused by a group of rna viruses within the family of bunyaviridae known as hantaviruses. the classical, severe form of hfrs is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal and lumbar pain, proteinuria, haemorrhagic phenomena, shock and renal failure. the disease is associated with the prototype hantaan virus and occurs in rural areas of korea and china with apodemus mice as reservoir hosts. a clinically less severe form of hfrs, which is caused by ...	1987	2895603
characterization of hantaviruses using monoclonal antibodies.	the antigenic relations among nine hantaviruses from seven different geographic areas were examined in indirect fluorescent antibody test with 12 monoclonal antibodies. ten monoclonals were prepared against hantaan virus strain 76-118 and two against hantavirus b-1, a virus isolated from a tumour in a laboratory rat. four different serotypes have been differentiated: hällnäs, hantaan, prospect hill and rat strain like. two monoclonal antibodies were able to react with all nine hantaviruses studi ...	1987	2449811
effects of human and murine interferons against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus (hantaan virus).	the effects of human interferons (ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma) on the replication of hantaan virus (hv) in vero e6 cells were examined. pretreatment of cells with human ifns resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of hv plaque formation. of the 3 human ifns, ifn-beta inhibited virus replication most effectively. pretreatment of murine macrophage cells with mouse ifn-beta also resulted in an inhibition of viral growth and then the effect of murine ifn-beta in newborn icr mice infected with hv wa ...	1987	2451468
occurrence and distribution of hantavirus in wild living mammals in belgium.	small mammals were screened for the presence of antibodies to hantaan virus (htn) and hantavirus (hv) antigen in belgium. antibody and antigen-positive animals were found in different parts of the country. one insectivore and five rodent species were found positive. the highest prevalence of infection was found in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). a relation between infected animals and wet habitats was observed. it was obvious that in bank vole the likelihood of infection increased with ...	1987	2883857
detection of specific serum immunoglobulin m in nephropathia epidemica (scandinavian epidemic nephropathy) by a biotin-avidin-amplified immunofluorescence method.	a biotin-avidin-amplified indirect immunofluorescence method was used to demonstrate specific serum immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies in nephropathia epidemica, the scandinavian type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the antigen in the test was the cross-reacting agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, hantaan virus. sixty-two serum samples from 15 patients with clinically typical nephropathia epidemica were analyzed. eleven patients had specific igm in one or more serum samples. the igm coul ...	1987	2885340
role of t lymphocyte subsets in protection and recovery from hantaan virus infection in mice.	adult athymic nude (balb/c background) mice or inbred balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with hantaan virus (hv), and attempts were made to isolate the virus from brain, lung and spleen. virus was isolated from the organs of balb/c mice for only a short time after infection but was isolated from various organs of nude mice consistently for at least 84 days after infection. viral antigen was also detected in various organs of nude mice for a long time after infection. the effects of ad ...	1987	2885394
partial characterization of a hantavirus isolated from a clethrionomys glareolus captured in belgium.	a hantavirus was isolated in vero-e6 cells from lungs of a free living bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) captured in turnhout, province of antwerp--northern part of belgium. with help of monoclonal antibodies the belgian hantavirus isolate could be clearly differentiated from hantaan virus strain 76-118, prospect hill virus strain ph1 and sr11, a hantavirus isolated from laboratory wistar rat in japan, but not from the nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs.	1987	2886029
detection of hantaviruses with rna probes generated from recombinant dna.	radiolabeled rna probes generated from cdna clones of the m and s genome segments of hantaan virus readily detected hantaan virus and two isolates from korean hemorrhagic fever patients but were less effective in detecting four other hantaviruses.	1987	2886113
clinical and epidemiological aspects of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in greece.	twenty-three cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were serologically diagnosed in rural populations of greece between 1982 and 1985. the clinical picture of the disease was severe, (3 deaths recorded among 23 cases) and more closely resembled korean hemorrhagic fever than nephropathia epidemica. examination of patients' sera by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) assays and plaque reduction neutralization (prnt) tests using hantaan 76-118, puumala, and seoul (urban rat-associated hantaan ...	1987	2888688
cats--source of protection or infection? a case-control study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	in the first case-control study analyzing risk factors in sporadic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, 111 cases occurring in shanghai in 1983 and 1984 and 136 matched controls were studied. three factors were associated with risk of disease: travel in the month before onset of illness, intense exposure to rodents in the home, and cat ownership. risk associated with cat ownership was not confounded by exposure to rodents in the home. neither cat ownership nor risk associated with rodent expos ...	1987	2889355
[an epidemiologic study on rats associated with outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome--comparison with antibodies for two virus strain, hantaan virus 76-118 strain and newly isolated wkm strain].		1987	2890696
[an epidemiologic study on hfrs after six years surveillance--comparison with antibodies for two virus strain, hantaan virus 76-118 strain and wkm strain in members of college].		1987	2890697
[hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome caused by hantaan virus in france].		1987	2892243
incidence and geographic distribution of serologically verified cases of nephropathia epidemica in sweden.	a nationwide survey of hospitalized, serologically verified adult nephropathia epidemica cases in sweden from 1978 to 1981 was performed. serum was collected from 1,063 patients with a diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica or one of 10 other renal diseases with related symptoms. sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence technique for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to hantaan virus, causative agent of korean hemorrhagic fever that cross-reacts with the nephropathia epidemica ag ...	1988	2895579
baculovirus expression of the small genome segment of hantaan virus and potential use of the expressed nucleocapsid protein as a diagnostic antigen.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was used as an expression vector for the nucleocapsid protein gene of hantaan virus. two different cdna clones representing the small genome segment of hantaan virus were inserted into the transfer vector pacym1, and recombinants were generated by replacement of a portion of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene with the foreign, hantaan virus gene. recombinants containing both the first and second atg initiation codons of the hantaan virus gen ...	1988	2895799
identification of the antigenic components of hantaan virus reacting with rabbit antisera and sera from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.		1988	2897400
[hantaan virus infections as a cause of acute kidney failure. 3 cases in west germany].	three cases of hantaan virus infection (korean haemorrhagic fever) leading to acute renal failure are described. all three had mild haemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome. it had started with acute fever followed by oliguria, proteinuria and microhaematuria (in two patients) in the further course of the disease, as well as urea and creatinine retention. one patient needed to be dialysed twice. hantaan virus-specific igg antibodies were demonstrated in all three patients; one also had igm antib ...	1988	2897900
enzyme immuno assay for the detection of virus specific igg and igm antibody in patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	consecutive serum samples collected from 235 patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), between two days and two years after onset of disease, have been analysed for the presence of igg and igm type of antibodies specific for hanta-viruses. the sera were screened in parallel by a newly developed indirect immuno enzyme assay (eia) in parallel with indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (ifa). in both tests the hantaan virus strain 76-118 was used as the antigen. the eia was m ...	1988	2898929
[sero-epidemiological study in mauritania (1985-1986): incidence of treponematosis, hepatitis b virus, hiv virus and viral hemorrhagic fevers].	a serological serosurvey was made in different ethnic groups of mauritania in 1985. a very high prevalence of hepatitis b markers was found with more than 20% of hbs antigen carriers. treponema specific antibodies in low-age classes observed is a reflect of endemic syphilis. the seroprevalence of antibody against hiv and viral haemorrhagic fever viruses (rift valley fever, crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) was very low.	1988	2900081
conservation of antigenic properties and sequences encoding the envelope proteins of prototype hantaan virus and two virus isolates from korean haemorrhagic fever patients.	viruses isolated from the blood of two korean haemorrhagic fever patients were propagated in cell culture and compared to prototype hantaan virus which was isolated from apodemus mice. the antigenic properties of the human isolates were found to be closely related to hantaan virus by plaque reduction neutralization, haemagglutination inhibition and fluorescent antibody staining with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. the medium genome segment of each human isolate was sequenced and compa ...	1988	2900289
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in yugoslavia: detection of hantaviral antigen and antibody in wild rodents and serological diagnosis of human disease.	lung tissues from 547 rodents and 26 insectivores captured between 1981 and 1984 in central bosnia (fojnica) and central serbia (cacak), 2 regions known to be endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), were examined for hantaviral antigen by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. antigen was detected in 17/231 apodemus flavicollis, 3/187 a. sylvaticus, 1/46 a. agrarius, 4/32 mus musculus, and 3/28 clethrionomys glareolus. in addition, antibodies against hantaan and puu ...	1988	2900550
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica) in norway: seroepidemiology 1981-1985.	an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (ifat) was applied to serologically confirm the clinical diagnosis in 507 nephropathia epidemica (ne) suspected patients. hantaan virus (hv), the agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, which is serologically related to the ne agent, was used as antigen. both igg and igm reactions were detected. high levels of igg antibodies to hv were common, even in the acute phase of illness. over a 5-year period, a total of 35% of the ne suspected patients revealed antib ...	1988	2900551
seroepidemiology of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in bulgaria.	during the period of 1954-1986, 399 cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were registered in bulgaria with 63 (15.7%) deaths. three hundred serum samples from 214 patients who had contracted the disease from 1957 to 1986 were investigated by indirect fluorescent antibody test (if-at). as antigen vero-e6 cells infected with the asian hantaan virus were used, as well as lung sections from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) infected with strains udmurt and kazan 6-cg from the eur ...	1988	2902774
serological evidence of hantavirus infection in laboratory rats and personnel.	laboratory-acquired haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) has been reported in many countries. a serological survey of laboratory white rats and of laboratory personnel for antibodies to hantaviruses was conducted in singapore. forty-four per cent (143/329) of rats were seropositive by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test but none had hantaviral antigens in lung tissues. two of 74 laboratory personnel were seropositive but neither had a history of clinical illness. the high serop ...	1988	2906333
expression of the hantaan virus m genome segment by using a vaccinia virus recombinant.	a cdna containing the complete open reading frame of the hantaan virus (htn) m genome segment has been cloned into vaccinia virus. this recombinant virus expresses two glycoproteins which are similar to the htn structural glycoproteins, g1 and g2, in molecular weight, cleavage pattern, and cellular distribution. both htn and recombinant vaccinia virus glycoproteins are exclusively associated with the golgi apparatus of the cell. despite this intracellular restriction, mice inoculated with the re ...	1988	3123711
cell-mediated immunity to virus causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: generation of cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) were generated when spleen cells from mice infected with viruses causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were stimulated in vitro with syngeneic cells infected with viruses. these cytotoxic effector cells, with lyt2+ l3t4- markers on their surface, demonstrated h-2 restriction. ctls induced by hantaan virus (76-118 strain) or seoul virus (b-1 strain) showed cross-reactivity with infected target cells. hantaan virus infection induced a higher ctls response th ...	1988	3137309
development of inactivated vaccine against virus causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	b-1 virus belonging to the hantavirus group was serially passaged in the brains of newborn mice. inactivated vaccine was prepared from the brains after inactivation with formalin and then purification by ultracentrifugation. the antigenic potency of this vaccine in vitro was determined by antibody-bound enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and serial diluted vaccine bound to an aluminium hydroxide gel was inoculated into balb/c mice to test immunogenicity. after two injections of this vacci ...	1988	3138829
[propagation and replication of hantaan virus in human endothelial cells in vitro].		1988	3147808
characterization of hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein antigenic determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies.	a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the g1 or g2 envelope glycoproteins of hantaan virus were used to determine the surface topography and functional properties of antigenic sites. nine distinct, partially overlapping antigenic sites, two on g1 and seven on g2, were demonstrated by competitive binding assays. analyses of the antigenic sites by haemagglutination (ha) inhibition and plaque-reduction neutralization tests showed that all of the sites, except one on g1, were related to vira ...	1989	2471792