Publications

paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: ii. histopathologic features.	pulmonary lesions associated with naturally acquired paragonimus kellicotti infection were studied in mink (mustela vison), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a coyote (canis latrans). in ,ink a fibrous capsule was formed around mature flukes in dilated bronchioles or bronchi, and there was mild focal interstitial pneumonitis adjacent to fluke eggs in alveoli and migrating parasites. a thick wall, infiltrated heavily with mononuclear cells and eosinophils, surroun ...	1975	1152176
paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern ontario: i. prevalence and gross pathologic features.	paragonimus kellicotti ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (mustela spp.) collected from southwestern ontario. the majority of carnivores harboring p. kellicotti was collected from two counties (huron and bruce) bordering the east shore of lake huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were in ...	1975	1113433
toxoplasmosis: a serological survey in ontario wildlife.	sera from seven species of wild animals in ontario were examined for antibody to toxoplasma gondii using the sabin-feldman dye test. of 158 sera tested, 53% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 56% of the striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 78% of the coyotes (canis latrans), 33% of the black bears (ursus americanus), 18% of the short tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and none of the field voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) had antibody. antibody to t. gondii was present in sera from wild animals cap ...	1976	16502687
response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in ontario.	mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. raccoons ...	1983	6309349
arbovirus infections in several ontario mammals, 1975-1980.	serological studies for arboviruses were conducted on 725 animal sera collected in 22 ontario townships between 1975 and 1980 including 44 coyote (canis latrans), 277 red fox (vulpes vulpes), 192 raccoon (procyon lotor) and 212 striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to two flaviviruses, namely st. louis encephalitis and powassan were found in 50% of coyote, 47% of skunk, 26% of fox and 10% of raccoon sera. similarly, hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to a ...	1986	3017527
leptospirosis in red foxes in ontario.	the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in the epizootiology of leptospirosis in southwestern ontario was investigated in 1973-1974. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (kennewicki by dna analysis) was isolated from the kidneys of three of eight foxes tested. severe hemorrhagic nephritis and interstitial nephritis were common to these foxes and to five others out of nine foxes examined. autumnalis antibodies were detected at titers 10(-2) to 10(-5) in 12 of 100 fox sera. pomona antibodies occu ...	1986	3503132
identification of regional variants of the rabies virus within the canadian province of ontario.	although rabies outbreaks in most parts of the world tend to be host species-specific the rabies currently enzootic in the canadian province of ontario is hosted by two wildlife species, the red fox and the striped skunk. previous studies employing monoclonal antibody panels failed to identify any host-specific differences in ontario rabies virus street isolates, but certain observations suggested the existence of more than one viral strain in terrestrial mammals of this region. the extent of va ...	1993	8492088
a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus in central ontario and western quebec.	rabies persists in ontario wildlife in two predominant species: the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). a protocol applying reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (rt/pcr) and restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) to the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene was previously reported by nadin-davis et al. (journal of general virology 74, 829-837, 1993) to be useful for discrimination of rabies virus variants in ontario. four main types, which showed no host spec ...	1994	7931145
background prevalence of tetracycline-like fluorescence in teeth of free ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor) in ontario, canada.	we collected and examined teeth from 3406 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) collected in ontario, canada, from 1978 to 1986, prior to large scale rabies vaccine baiting. we found tetracycline-like fluorescence in five (0.2%) of the samples. also, we observed similar fluorescences in five (0.4%) of 1103 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and in six (0.8%) of 744 raccoons (procyon lotor). the low prevalence of such marks would not appear to invalidate the use of tetracycline as a marking agent in vaccine ...	1994	8151813
elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario.	the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ...	2001	11272485
an aerial baiting system for the distribution of attenuated or recombinant rabies vaccines for foxes, raccoons, and skunks.	an aerial baiting system was developed to deliver oral rabies vaccines to wild carnivore vectors of rabies, e.g., red fox, striped skunk, and raccoon. the bait consists of a polyethylene bag that contains either a 30-g hamburger ball or a 25-ml cube of polyurethane sponge coated with a wax-beef tallow mixture containing 100-150 mg of tetracycline as a biomarker. attractants used with the sponge were added to the bag (e.g., liver slurry, cheeses, fish oils, or fruits). baits (greater than 80,000) ...	2006	3206077
era vaccine-derived cases of rabies in wildlife and domestic animals in ontario, canada, 1989-2004.	a vaccination program for the control of terrestrial rabies in the province of ontario, canada, began in 1989. during the period between 1989 and 2004, over 13 million baits containing the live, attenuated rabies virus era-bhk21 were distributed across the province, with the aim of immunizing foxes by the oral route. animals recovered from bait distribution areas were assayed by fluorescent antibody test for rabies virus infection. immunoreactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies that disc ...	2008	18263823
a retrospective economic analysis of the ontario red fox oral rabies vaccination programme.	ontario initiated a red fox (vulpes vulpes) oral rabies vaccination (orv) programme in 1989. this study utilized a benefit-cost analysis to determine if this orv programme was economically worthwhile. between 1979 and 1989, prior to orv baiting, the average annual human post-exposure treatments, positive red fox rabies diagnostic tests and indemnity payments for livestock lost to rabies were 2248, 1861 and $246,809, respectively. after baiting, from 1990 to 2000, a 35%, 66% and 41% decrease in p ...	2011	20819201
red fox as sentinel for blastomyces dermatitidis, ontario, canada.	blastomyces dermatitidis, a fungus that can cause fatal infection in humans and other mammals, is not readily recoverable from soil, its environmental reservoir. because of the red fox's widespread distribution, susceptibility to b. dermatitidis, close association with soil, and well-defined home ranges, this animal has potential utility as a sentinel for this fungus.	2016	27314650