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biological properties of strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in the natural foci of the eastern part of the russian plain.strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in the natural foci of infection in the eastern part of the russian plain (the kirov region) were examined for their biological properties. the strains examined were 69 strains isolated from ticks ixodes persulcatus, 62 strains obtained from patients with the clinically manifest form of tick-borne encephalitis and 56 strains isolated from the blood of patients with the inapparent form of infection. comparative studies on laboratory animals (albin ...19846715874
[the possible role of the salivary gland substrate in ixodid ticks as an adjuvant enhancing arbovirus transmission].using a model: salivary glands of dermacentor ticks--tick-borne encephalitis virus--guinea pig--d. marginatus ticks, it became possible to confirm the data of jones et al. (1989) on the role of a substrate of rhipicephalus appendiculatus glands as a strong enhancer of orthomyxovirus togoto transmission during subcutaneous administration of a moderate virus dose to virus-resistant guinea pig. a tendency was only noticed towards better infectivity of ticks with the administration of sub- or suprao ...19912067469
[differences in the distant transmission of the tick-borne encephalitis virus by ixodid ticks of 2 subfamilies].simultaneous but separate feeding of ticks on nonviremic animal (guinea pig) has shown that amblyomminae ticks are practically unable to transmit distantly tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) to the specimens of their own subfamily and to ixodinae as well. ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus displayed their ability as donors and recipients of tbev (adults and nymphs) not only for their own subfamily representatives but also as donors for recipients of amblyomminae subfamily (nymphs and adults of ...19921299805
enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission by tick salivary gland extracts.to investigate the role of ticks in tbe virus transmission, salivary gland extract (sge) was derived from partially fed female ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. guinea-pigs were infested with uninfected r. appendiculatus nymphs and inoculated with a mixture of tbe virus and sge or with virus alone. the number of ticks which on average acquired virus from feeding on animals inoculated with tbe virus and sge from partially fed ticks was 4-fold greater ...19938481537
efficient transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between cofeeding ticks.most of the data on oral infections of ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus have been derived from experiments using animals infected by syringe inoculation. to mimic the natural conditions of virus transmission, tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected ixodes ricinus (linnaeus) or rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann adults (donors) were cofed with uninfected nymphs (recipients) of either tick species on uninfected guinea pigs. two tick-retaining cells were attached to each guinea pig: cell 1 ...19938433342
amplification of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection during co-feeding of ticks.following engorgement of rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae on guinea-pigs infected with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, none of the engorged larvae or emergent nymphs contained detectable infectious virus. however, one of twelve pools, each containing three of the unfed nymphs, was positive when screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indicating a low prevalence of tbe virus infection in the unfed nymphs. after engorgement of the nymphs on four uninfected guinea-pigs, 19/24 (79%) fed ...19938268488
companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals.companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ...201627522300
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