Publications

flock prevalence of exposure to avian adeno-associated virus, chicken anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus among ontario broiler chicken flocks.	samples from 231 randomly selected commercial broiler chicken flocks in ontario were tested at slaughter for exposure to chicken anemia virus (cav), fowl adenovirus (fadv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). fifteen blood samples per flock were collected and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against cav, fadv, and ibdv by elisa or agar gel immunodiffusion test. fifteen cecal tonsils and cloacal swabs per flock were analyzed for the presence of cav, fadv, and ibdv by pcr. the preva ...	2014	24758116
recombinant hexon antigen based single serum dilution elisa for rapid serological profiling against fowl adenovirus-4 causing hydropericardium syndrome in chickens.	a recombinant hexon antigen based single serum dilution enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure the specific antibody in sera of chickens against fowl adenovirus-4 (fadv) causing hydropericardium syndrome (hps). an immunodominant partial hexon gene of 737bp was cloned into prset vector and expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21 de3 plys s. expression was tested by western blot test. the purified recombinant protein antigen was used in coating elisa plate for fadv-4 ...	2014	24983486
simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay.	a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ...	2014	25025815
chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) cause diseases in domestic chickens, including inclusion body hepatitis (ibh), with immunosuppression believed to play a role in their pathogenesis. to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and chronology of disease caused by fadvs, the gross pathology, histopathology and dissemination of virus were examined at several different time points, after inoculation of one-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens with fadv-1, fadv-8b or fadv-11 via the ocular route. f ...	2015	25609454
molecular detection of avian pathogens in poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae) collected in chicken farms.	poultry red mite (prm, dermanyssus gallinae) is a blood-sucking ectoparasite as well as a possible vector of several avian pathogens. in this study, to define the role of prm in the prevalence of avian infectious agents, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to check for the presence of seven pathogens: avipox virus (apv), fowl adenovirus (fadv), marek's disease virus (mdv), erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (er), salmonella enterica (se), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). ...	2014	25649939
application of cross-priming amplification (cpa) for detection of fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed among chickens. detection of fadvs is mainly accomplished by virus isolation, serological assays, various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). to increase the diagnostic capacity of currently applied techniques, cross-priming amplification (cpa) for the detection of the fadv hexon gene was developed. the single cpa assay was optimised to detect all serotypes 1-8a-8b-11 representing the species ...	2015	25655263
molecular differentiation and pathogenicity of aviadenoviruses isolated during an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in south africa.	fowl adenovirus (fadv) is a member of the genus aviadenovirus and causes a number of economically important poultry diseases. one of these diseases, inclusion body hepatitis (ibh), has a worldwide distribution and is characterised by acute mortality (5% - 20%) in production chickens. the disease was first described in the united states of america in 1963 and has also been reported in canada, the united kingdom, australia, france and ireland, but until now, not in south africa. adenoviruses isola ...	2014	25685902
clinical signs and progression of lesions in the gizzard are not influenced by inclusion of ground oats or whole wheat in the diet following experimental infection with pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 1.	in the present study the effects of dietary gizzard stimulation on the development and severity of adenoviral gizzard erosion were investigated. for this purpose, specific pathogen-free broilers were divided into six groups, investigating the influence of an oat-containing diet with higher fibre content, a whole wheat-containing diet and a control diet of nearly identical composition, but containing ground wheat. for each feed administered, one group of birds was experimentally infected on the 1 ...	2015	25768948
isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs.	astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (castv) in specific pathogen free (spf) chicken embryonated eggs (cee) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. the cee were inoculated via the yolk sac route. viral confirmation was carried out using pcr techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammo ...	2015	25805833
pathogenicity and complete genome characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in china.	in this study, we determined and genetically characterized three fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps) in china and assessed their pathogenicity. the full genome of hbq12, bjh13 and jsj13 was found to be 44,081, 43,966 and 43,756 nucleotides long, respectively. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain hbq12 and bjh13 were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses d species and serotyped as ...	2015	26167857
phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in poland.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed in chickens in poland and throughout the world. fadv infections have been reported in the united states, australia, europe, and the mediterranean basin. detection of fadvs strains is very important from the epidemiological point of view and for monitoring disease outbreaks and developing strategies for vaccine development. several molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies have been performed, but the results obtained are still limited, becau ...	2016	26446890
molecular cloning, expression and characterization of 100k gene of fowl adenovirus-4 for prevention and control of hydropericardium syndrome.	fowl adenovirus-4 is an infectious agent causing hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. adenovirus are non-enveloped virions having linear, double stranded dna. viral genome codes for few structural and non structural proteins. 100k is an important non-structural viral protein. open reading frame for coding sequence of 100k protein was cloned with oligo histidine tag and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein. nucleotide sequence of the gene revealed that 100k gene of fadv-4 has high ...	2016	26558992
development, characterization and optimization of a new suspension chicken-induced pluripotent cell line for the production of newcastle disease vaccine.	traditionally, substrates for production of viral poultry vaccines have been embryonated eggs or adherent primary cell cultures. the difficulties and cost involved in scaling up these substrates in cases of increased demand have been a limitation for vaccine production. here, we assess the ability of a newly developed chicken-induced pluripotent cell line, ba3, to support replication and growth of newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota vaccine strain. the characteristics and growth profile of the ...	2016	26586283
clinicopathological characterization and genomic sequence differences observed in a highly virulent fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4.	highly virulent fowl aviadenoviruses (genus: aviadenovirus) represent a significant risk in poultry farming that may contribute to increased mortality rates and may adversely affect the growth performance of poultry flocks. in this study, we performed the clinicopathological characterization of a fadv strain shp95 isolated from a commercial farm and its whole genome sequencing. the study revealed that the isolated strain is a highly virulent serotype 4 fadv that can cause 100% mortality in day-o ...	2016	26610321
design of a predicted mhc restricted short peptide immunodiagnostic and vaccine candidate for fowl adenovirus c in chicken infection.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are the ethiologic agents of multiple pathologies in chicken. there are five different species of fadvs grouped as fadv-a, fadv-b, fadv-c, fadv-d, and fadv-e. it is of interest to develop immunodiagnostics and vaccine candidate for peruvian fadv-c in chicken infection using mhc restricted short peptide candidates. we sequenced the complete genome of one fadv strain isolated from a chicken of a local farm. a total of 44 protein coding genes were identified in each genome ...	2015	26664030
molecular detection of chicken parvovirus in broilers with enteric disorders presenting curving of duodenal loop, pancreatic atrophy, and mesenteritis.	enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. in this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv), avian rotavirus ...	2016	26908891
development of dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay using recombinant hexon protein for detecting antibodies to hydropericardium syndrome disease virus.	dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant hexon protein of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv 4) was standardized to detect antibody levels against hydropericardium syndrome disease in chickens. results were compared with the dot-elisa using purified virus protein antigen of fadv 4. in an experimental vaccination of broiler chicken, the antibody levels by dot elisa with recombinant protein and purified virus protein antigen ranged from 2.240±0.09 log10 to 2.0±0.04 during 5th to 8th w ...	2015	26954190
detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in brazil.	chicken astrovirus (castv) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with runting-stunting syndrome (rss), which affects young chickens. castv was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called "white chicks." some hatcheries in certain states of brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. these chicks were termed locally as "white chicks." th ...	2016	26976903
genome sequence of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain lethal to chickens, isolated from china.	we report here the complete genome sequence of virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain hb1510, isolated from a diseased chicken with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in hubei, china, in 2015. the viral genome is 43,721 bp long, and sequence analysis showed an 11-amino-acid deletion in open reading frame 29 (orf29).	2016	27013040
hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome emerged in cherry valley ducks in china.	since june 2015, a highly pathogenic disease occurred in duck flocks in china, causing pericardial effusion, enlarged discoloured liver, renal enlargement and haemorrhagic lung with a mortality ranging from 5% to 20%. previous study confirmed that fowl adenovirus group c (fadv-c) and some field fadvs isolates had been identified as causative agents of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (hhs) in chickens and geese world widely. in this study, we firstly report the isolation of fadv-c from ducks ...	2016	27041687
fiber knob domain lacking the shaft sequence but fused to a coiled coil is a candidate subunit vaccine against egg-drop syndrome.	egg-drop syndrome (eds) virus is an avian adenovirus that causes a sudden drop in egg production and in the quality of the eggs when it infects chickens, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. inactivated eds vaccines produced in embryonated duck eggs or cell culture systems are available for the prophylaxis of eds. however, recombinant subunit vaccines that are efficacious and inexpensive are a desirable alternative. in this study, we engineered chimeric fusion proteins ...	2016	27105561
molecular characterization of quail bronchitis virus isolated from bobwhite quail in minnesota.	from 2008 to 2012, 4 separate cases of quail bronchitis virus infection were seen in bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) raised in minnesota. the quail chicks ranged in age from 5 d to 8 wk and suffered from respiratory distress and elevated mortality. on necropsy, gross lesions consisted of mucus in trachea, congested lungs, caseous air sacculitis, accumulation of chalky white urates on internal organs, necrotic foci in liver, and enlarged spleen. histologic examination revealed fibrinoheterop ...	2016	27418664
hydropericardium syndrome outbreak caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in china in 2015.	there have been many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome (hps), which is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis, in chinese chicken farms since june 2015. hps was mainly found in miscellaneous meat-type chickens, ma chickens, layer chicks and three-yellow chickens, while it was occasionally found in white broilers. to determine the specific causative pathogen and pathogenicity of hps in chickens, we collected 25 suspected cases and performed clinical pathology and aetiology analy ...	2016	27473862
inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in south africa.	inclusion body hepatitis is an acute disease of chickens ascribed to viruses of the genus aviadenovirus and referred to as fowl adenovirus (fadv). there are 12 fadv types (fadv1to fadv8a and fadv8b to fadv11), classified into five species based on their genotype (designated fadva to fadve). a total of 218 000 chickens, 2-29 days of age, were affected over a 1-year period, all testing positive by microscopy, virus isolation and confirmation with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). affected birds wer ...	2014	27476509
characterization and functional studies of fowl adenovirus 9 dutpase.	deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphatase (dutpase), a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of dutp to dump and found in many viruses, has yet to be identified in fowl adenovirus 9 (fadv-9). by a multiple alignment of dutpase amino acid sequences, fadv-9 orf1 contained the five conserved motifs that define the protein family, and encoded a functional dutpase. moreover, transcription and protein expression patterns were characterized, indicating that dutpase was transcribed from 2h ...	2016	27498408
hepatitis virus infections in poultry.	viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis e virus (hev), duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), duck hepatitis a virus (dhav-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (fadv), and turkey hepatitis virus (thv). while these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. in this article, we aim to review the common an ...	2016	27610716
fowl adenovirus species c serotype 4 is attributed to the emergence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chickens in china.	since july in 2015, an emerging infectious disease of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) was prevalent in chicken flocks in china. to confirm the causative agent and investigate the epidemiology of the disease, a total of 38 chicken flocks including 187 samples from jilin, liaoning, heilongjiang, henan, anhui, hubei, jiangxi, xinjiang, shandong and hunan provinces in china were collected and determined by pcr detection, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and virus isolation. 81 samples (po ...	2016	27615553
molecular analysis of the hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes of korean fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolates from hydropericardium syndrome-affected chickens.	fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome (hps), a highly pathogenic disease in poultry. in the present study, hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes encoding major capsid proteins were analyzed in four fadv-4 isolates from hps-affected chickens in korea. nucleotide sequences of the entire hexon (2811 bases), penton base (1578 bases), and fiber-2 (1425 bases) genes from the korean isolates were 97.5-99.3, 99.1-99.7, and 95.5-99.0 % identical, respecti ...	2017	27683170
isolation, identification, and hexon gene characterization of fowl adenoviruses from a contaminated live newcastle disease virus vaccine.	to investigate the possible causes of the massive spread of fowl adenovirus (fadv) infection among chickens in recent years in china, 32 batches of live-virus vaccines were tested for contamination with fadv by pcr. among these, 1 live newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine of the lasota strain was demonstrated to be positive for contamination. the amplified hexon gene exhibited 99.8% identity with a recent chinese field isolate (jsj13) of fadv-4. the positive lasota vaccine was first neutralized ...	2016	27794542
molecular epidemiology of hydropericardium syndrome outbreak-associated serotype 4 fowl adenovirus isolates in central china.	in several parts of china, there have been a large number of hydropericardium syndrome (hps) outbreaks caused by serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (fadv-4) in broiler chickens since 2015. these outbreak-associated fadv-4 strains were distinct from previous circulating strains which did not lead to severe hps outbreaks. to better understand the molecular epidemiology of the currently circulating fadv strains for effective diagnosis and treatment of hps, we isolated 12 hps outbreak-associated fadv-4 stra ...	2016	27863494
complete genome sequence of a non-pathogenic strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 11: minimal genomic differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses.	in this study, we conducted the clinicopathological characterization of a non-pathogenic fadv-d serotype 11 strain mx95, isolated from healthy chickens, and its entire genome was sequenced. experiments in spf chickens revealed that the strain is a non-pathogenic virus that did not cause death at challenge doses of 1×10(6) tcid50. additionally, the infection in spf chickens caused no apparent damage in most of the organs analyzed by necropsy and histopathology, but it did cause inclusion body hep ...	2017	27865971
characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated between 2007 and 2014 in china.	forty-three fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains were isolated in china from 2007 to 2014 from poultry and ostriches with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps). phylogenetic analysis showed that 28/43 strains clustered into fowl aviadenovirus d (fadv-d) and 9/43 strains clustered into fadv-e. fadv-c included three isolates of ostrich origin, one of goose origin and two of chicken origin. based on hexon loop 1 gene sequencing analysis, these viruses were genetically related ...	2016	27938684
a novel pathogenic aviadenovirus from red-bellied parrots (poicephalus rufiventris) unveils deep recombination events among avian host lineages.	competing roles of coevolution, selective pressure and recombination are an emerging interest in virus evolution. we report a novel aviadenovirus from captive red-bellied parrots (poicephalus rufiventris) that uncovers evidence of deep recombination among aviadenoviruses. the sequence identity of the virus was most closely related to turkey adenovirus d (42% similarity) and other adenoviruses in chickens, turkeys and pigeons. sequencing and comparative analysis showed that the genome comprised 4 ...	2017	28063343
immune responses to in ovo vaccine formulations containing inactivated fowl adenovirus 8b with poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)]phosphazene (pcep) and avian beta defensin as adjuvants in chickens.	inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) is one of the major viral infections causing substantial economic loss to the global poultry industry. the disease is characterized by a sudden onset of mortality (2-30%) and high morbidity (60-70%). ibh is caused by a number of serotypes of fowl adenovirus with substantially low levels of serotype cross protection. thus far, there is no effective and safe vaccine commercially available in the north america for the control of ibh in chickens. poly[di(sodium carboxy ...	2017	28087147
molecular characterisation of fowl adenovirus type 7 isolated from poultry associated with inclusion body hepatitis in poland.	the fowl adenovirus field strain fadv-jsn-5/10j (genbank accession number kp879219) was isolated from the intestine of a 7-week-old chicken diagnosed with inclusion body hepatitis and simultaneously with marek's disease, and for that reason, it was chosen for molecular study. it was identified as fowl adenovirus genotype 7 (species fowl aviadenovirus e) based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the loop l1 region of the hexon gene. nucleotide sequence alignment of this strain, fadv-7 reference st ...	2017	28160143
fowl adenovirus: history, emergence, biology and development of a vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome.	the poultry industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing public sectors in the developed and developing countries. unfortunately, this industry is under a major threat from diseases that are viral (newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, influenza, hydropericardium syndrome), bacterial (colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis), parasitic (coccidiosis, histoplasmosis) or nutritional (dyschondroplasia, osteoporosis). among these diseases, hydropericardi ...	2017	28283816
characterization of a hypervirulent fowl adenovirus 4 with the novel genotype newly prevalent in china and establishment of reproduction infection model of hydropericardium syndrome in chickens.	severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) has been present in layers in the northeast of china since june 2015, with mortality rates varying from 30 to 90%. dead layers had severe hydropericardium with pericardial volumes of 5 to 20 ml, as well as inclusion body hepatitis. laboratory investigations led to the isolation of a fowl adenovirus strain, hljfad15, from the liver tissue of dead layers. natural deletions of orf19 and orf27 were found in this clinical strain by complete genome sequencing, wh ...	2017	28339951
fowl adenovirus-based vaccine platform.	nonpathogenic fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are amenable for engineering multivalent vaccine platforms due to large stretches of nonessential dna sequences in their genomes. we describe the generation of fadv-9-based vaccine platforms by targeted homologous recombination in an infectious clone (ppacfadv-9 or wild type fadmid) containing the entire viral genome in a cosmid vector. the viral dna is subsequently released from the cosmid by restriction enzyme digestion followed by transfection in a chic ...	2017	28374242
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of virus-like particles and recombinant fiber proteins in broiler-breeder vaccination against fowl adenovirus (fadv)-8b.	inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) is an economically important diseases in broiler chicken industry. several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (fadv) can cause ibh, among them, serotype fadv-8b is associated with the majority of the ibh cases in canada. here, we evaluated fadv-8b virus-like particles (vlps) and recombinant fadv-8b fiber proteins (expressed in e. coli) as potential broiler-breeder vaccines against ibh. for assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines, we investigated both humoral and cellula ...	2017	28396209
development of a taqman-based real-time pcr assay for rapid and specific detection of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4.	twelve serotypes of fowl aviadenovirus, namely, fadv-(1-8a and 8b-11), have been identified, among which fadv-4 is the aetiologic agent of hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) in chickens. outbreaks of hhs have been documented in many countries, causing significant economic losses. real-time pcr methods described so far in the literature cross-detect different serotypes of fadvs. in this study, we aimed to develop a taqman-based real-time pcr assay for the specific detection of fadv-4. a pa ...	2017	28437156
fowl adenovirus serotype 4: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies.	fowl adenovirus (fadv) serotype-4 is highly pathogenic for chickens, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 wk, and it has emerged as one of the foremost causes of economic losses to the poultry industry in the last 30 years. the liver is a major target organ of fadv-4 infections, and virus-infected chickens usually show symptoms of hydropericardium syndrome. the virus is very contagious, and it is spread both vertically and horizontally. it can be isolated from infected liver homogenates and detec ...	2017	28498980
the first whole genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of a fowl adenovirus 4 isolated from ducks associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome.	in june 2015, an infectious disease with high prevalence causing severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) first appeared in duck farms of northeast china. the disease showed high morbidity of 35% and mortality of 15% in a commercial duck farm with 200,000 45-day-old ducks. one strain of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 was identified and designated as hljdad15. the whole genome of the duck isolate was sequenced and found to contain the same large deletions as a genotype that has become pre ...	2017	28622015
different dynamic distribution in chickens and ducks of the hypervirulent, novel genotype fowl adenovirus serotype 4 recently emerged in china.	a hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) has caused hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) with mortalities that range from 30 to 80% in outbreaks across china since 2015. the fadv-4 strain was characterized as a novel genotype based on the specific genome characteristics. however, our understanding of the dynamic distribution, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of the novel fadv-4 is incomplete. in this study, a new, sensitive and fadv-4-specific real-time pcr was developed and appl ...	2017	28634474
overexpression and characterization of the 100k protein of fowl adenovirus-4 as an antiviral target.	100k is an important scaffolding protein of adenoviruses including fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) that causes inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) in poultry. 100k carries out the trimerization of the major capsid hexon protein of the virus for the generation of new virions inside the target host cells. despite its critical role for fadv-4, no structural study, in particular, has been conducted so far. here, the overexpression of soluble 100k protein was successfully ...	2017	28666898
cell-culture derived fowl adenovirus serotype 4 inactivated vaccine provides complete protection for virus infection on spf chickens.	inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by high-pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 has recently plagued chinese poultry industry and caused huge economic losses since 2013. so far, there is no commercial vaccine available to control this disease. in this study, we reported the development of both embryo-adapted and cell-culture derived inactivated fadv-4 vaccines and evaluated their efficacies in chicken. compared to embryo-adapted vaccine, cell-culture derived ...	2017	28770244
foreign gene expression and induction of antibody response by recombinant fowl adenovirus-9-based vectors with exogenous promoters.	fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are promising vectors for poultry vaccines and gene therapy. the commonly used human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter in recombinant fadv-9 viruses (recfadv-9s) leads to foreign gene expression that elicits an antibody response. despite its strength, studies have shown that the cmv promoter is prone to silencing by methylation hampering the in vivo application of vectors containing this promoter. therefore, to improve our virus vector system and circumvent potential limit ...	2017	28780115
an inactivated novel genotype fowl adenovirus 4 protects chickens against the hydropericardium syndrome that recently emerged in china.	since 2015, china has experienced outbreaks of severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps), associated with a novel genotype and hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) infection, with a prevalence in various provinces of the country. this has resulted in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. the novel fadv-4 showed new genome characters, such as the natural deletion of open reading frame (orf) 19 and orf 27 (1966 bp), and high pathogenicity toward chickens. these are coupled with s ...	2017	28786949
epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infections in commercial chickens in china.	one hundred and five fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains were isolated in china from 2015 to 2016 from poultry with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps). polymerase chain reactions determined that 68 were fadv species c, five were fadv species d, two were fadv species e, and 30 contained two or more different fadv strains. a phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated fadv strains clustered into three major groups: fadv-c, fadv-d and fadv-e. based on a hexon gene sequ ...	2017	28804982
development of sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for specific detection of antibodies against fowl adenovirus serotypes 1 and 4 in chickens.	conventional serological methods for detection and differentiation of antibodies against fowl aviadenoviruses (fadvs) are laborious and time-consuming, therefore elisas based upon recombinant proteins were developed in the present study to overcome this limitation for clinically relevant serotypes fadv-1 and fadv-4. in order to develop serotype-specific elisas, the two distinct fibers, fiber-1 (fib-1) and fiber-2 (fib-2), characteristically present only in fadv-1 and fadv-4, were applied separat ...	2017	28849665