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a century in the life of the control of communicable diseases manual: 1917 to 2017.the control of communicable diseases manual, a premier publication of the american public health association, celebrates its centennial in 2017. the control of communicable diseases manual has evolved in format and content through 20 separate editions. this article is a follow-up to an earlier article, titled "evolution of the control of communicable disease manual: 1917 to 2000," that appeared in the journal of public health management & practice in 2001. our update focuses on the period since ...201627682728
[inclusion bodies are formed in sftsv-infected human macrophages].the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a new member in the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae identified in china. the sftsv is also the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, the intracellular distribution of nucleocapsid protein (np) in sftsv-infected thp-1 cells was investigated with serial doses of sftsv at different times after infection. ...201627295879
the emergence and cross species transmission of newly discovered tick-borne bunyavirus in china.a novel tick-borne bunyavirus, discovered in china and later in south korea and japan, is now known as huaiyangshan virus or severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and has been identified as the causative agent of a hemorrhagic fever-like disease. of five species of ticks carrying huaiyangshan viruses, haemaphysalis longicornis was the most abundant in regions where the virus was endemic. its usual hosts (cattle, goats, dogs, rats and chickens) tested positive for huaiyangshan virus r ...201626949898
evidence that processing of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus gn/gc polyprotein is critical for viral infectivity and requires an internal gc signal peptide.the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging, highly pathogenic bunyavirus against which neither antivirals nor vaccines are available. the sftsv glycoproteins, gn and gc, facilitate viral entry into host cells. gn and gc are generated from a precursor protein, gn/gc, but it is currently unknown how the precursor is converted into the single proteins and whether this process is required for viral infectivity. employing a rhabdoviral pseudotyping system, we demonst ...201627855227
first isolation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome outbreak areas in the republic of korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that is endemic to china, japan, and the republic of korea (rok). in this study, 8313 ticks collected from sfts outbreak areas in the rok in 2013 were used to detect the sfts virus (sftsv). a single sftsv was isolated in cell culture from one pool of haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from samcheok-si, gangwon province, in the rok. phylogenetic analysis showed that the sftsv isolate was cluster ...201626745758
rna encapsidation and packaging in the phleboviruses.the bunyaviridae represents the largest family of segmented rna viruses, which infect a staggering diversity of plants, animals, and insects. within the family bunyaviridae, the phlebovirus genus includes several important human and animal pathogens, including rift valley fever virus (rvfv), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), uukuniemi virus (uukv), and the sandfly fever viruses. the phleboviruses have small tripartite rna genomes that encode a repertoire of 5-7 proteins. ...201627428993
efficacy of t-705 (favipiravir) in the treatment of infections with lethal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is the causative agent of sfts, an emerging hemorrhagic fever. this disease has a high case fatality rate and is endemic to china, south korea, and japan. because there are currently no effective therapeutics for sfts, potent and safe antivirals are needed for the treatment of sfts. the inhibitory effect of t-705 (favipiravir) on the replication of sftsv in vero cells was evaluated. mice lacking the type i interferon receptor (ifnar(-/-)) ...201627303697
ecology of the tick-borne phlebovirus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in an endemic area of china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is caused by sfts virus (sftsv), a tick-borne phlebovirus in family bunyaviridae. studies have found that humans, domestic and wildlife animals can be infected by sftsv. however, the viral ecology, circulation, and transmission remain largely unknown.201627035712
the role of phlebovirus glycoproteins in viral entry, assembly and release.bunyaviruses are enveloped viruses with a tripartite rna genome that can pose a serious threat to animal and human health. members of the phlebovirus genus of the family bunyaviridae are transmitted by mosquitos and ticks to humans and include highly pathogenic agents like rift valley fever virus (rvfv) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) as well as viruses that do not cause disease in humans, like uukuniemi virus (uukv). phleboviruses and other bunyaviruses use their e ...201627455305
structure of a phleboviral envelope glycoprotein reveals a consolidated model of membrane fusion.an emergent viral pathogen termed severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is responsible for thousands of clinical cases and associated fatalities in china, japan, and south korea. akin to other phleboviruses, sftsv relies on a viral glycoprotein, gc, to catalyze the merger of endosomal host and viral membranes during cell entry. here, we describe the postfusion structure of sftsv gc, revealing that the molecular transformations the phleboviral gc undergoes upon host cell entry ...201627325770
family cluster analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is tick-borne viral disease that was first suspected in china in 2009. the causative virus (sftsv) was isolated in 2009 and reported in 2011, and sftsv expanded its geographic distribution in 2012-2013, from china to south korea and japan. most sftsv infections occur through haemaphysalis longicornis however, sftsv infection can also occur between family members, and nosocomial transmission of sftsv is also possible through close contact with a ...201627928083
spatial analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in china using a geographically weighted logistic regression model.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), which has had a serious impact on public health in parts of asia. there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine for sftsv and, therefore, it is important to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of sftsv infections. this study aimed to explore the spatial associations between sftsv infections and several potential determinants, and to predict the high-risk are ...201627845737
phleboviruses and the type i interferon response.the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae contains a number of emerging virus species which pose a threat to both human and animal health. most prominent members include rift valley fever virus (rvfv), sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv), sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv), toscana virus (tosv), punta toro virus (ptv), and the two new members severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) and heartland virus (hrtv). the nonstructural protein nss is well established as the main p ...201627338447
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus antigen detection using monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a tick-borne infectious disease with a high case fatality rate, and is caused by the sfts virus (sftsv). sfts is endemic to china, south korea, and japan. the viral rna level in sera of patients with sfts is known to be strongly associated with outcomes. virological sfts diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity are required in disease endemic areas.201627045364
seroepidemiological evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infections in wild boars in nagasaki, japan.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging disease in east asia. it is thought that the sfts virus (sftsv) circulates between ticks and animals in nature and that the virus is transmitted to humans by tick bites. sfts is endemic to nagasaki in western japan; however, epidemiological information regarding sftsv in nagasaki is not known. in this study, we performed sftsv igg elisas and neutralization antibody assays for a seroepidemiological survey using samples from wild bo ...201627433125
molecular evolution and spatial transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus based on complete genome sequences.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) was a novel tick-borne bunyavirus that caused hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate in east asia. in this study we analyzed the complete genome sequences of 122 sftsv strains to determine the phylogeny, evolution and reassortment of the virus. we revealed that the evolutionary rate of three genome segments were different, with highest in the s segment and lowest in the l segment. the sftsv strains were phylogenetically classified in ...201626999664
phylogeographic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from zhoushan islands, china: implication for transmission across the ocean.from june 2011 to august 2014, 21 cases of infection by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (sftsv) were confirmed in zhoushan islands in the eastern coast of china. to identify the source of sftsv in zhoushan islands, the whole sftsv genomes were amplified and sequenced from 17 of 21 patients. the l, m, and s genomic segments of these sftsv strains were phylogenetically analyzed together with those of 188 sftsv strains available from genbank. phylogenetic analysis demonstrate ...201626806841
the first molecular evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in jilin, northeastern china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. the aim of this study was to investigate sfts virus (sftsv) infections in ticks in northeastern china. a total of 6427 ticks, including 5450 haemaphysalis longicornis, 463 dermacentor silvarum, 351 dermacentor nuttalli, and 163 ixodes persulcatus, were sampled in the liaoning, jilin, and heilongjiang provinces of northeastern china. viral megagenomic analysis of the ticks revealed 25 contigs targeting the m an ...201627460903
characterization of glycoprotein-mediated entry of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate caused by sfts virus (sftsv). effective vaccines and specific therapies for sfts are urgently sought, and investigation into virus-host cell interactions is expected to contribute to the development of antiviral strategies. in this study, we have developed a pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) bearing the unmodified gn/gc glycoproteins (gps) of sftsv (sftsvpv). we have analy ...201626984731
development and evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in bovine sera.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) caused by the sfts virus (sftsv), a phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae, is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that impacts humans. this disease manifests as a decreased blood cell count and multi-organ failure, with a case-fatality rate of more than 12% in china. because vaccines or antiviral drugs for the treatment of this disease are not available, monitoring the sfts circulation in animals and controlling the tick-mammal cycle are ...201626435543
entry of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a globe-shaped virus covered by a dense icosahedral array of glycoproteins gn/gc that mediate the attachment of the virus to host cells and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. several membrane factors are involved in virus entry, including c-type lectins and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain iia. the post-fusion crystal structure of the gc protein suggests that it is a class ii membrane fusion protein, similar to the e/e1 protein of ...201727995422
evidence of infection with leptospira interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae among rodents in an urban area of osaka city, japan.we examined 33 rodents captured in an urban area of osaka city, japan for igg antibodies against seoul virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, hepatitis e virus, leptospira interrogans, yersinia pestis, spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus group rickettsiae. we found that 3 (9.1%) and 1 (3.0%) of the 33 rodents had antibodies against l. interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae, respectively. dnas of leptospires were detected from 2 of the 3 seropositive rodents, but dn ...201728529271
a cluster of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome caused by person-to-person transmission.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a novel phlebovirus that was identified to be the etiological pathogen of the emerging infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts). sftsv could be transmitted through tick bite. transmission of sftsv among humans has also been reported mainly through direct blood contact. in july 2014, a cluster of six suspected sfts cases occurred in shandong province, china. in this cluster, both symptomatic and asymptomati ...201728722592
detection of a novel rickettsia from leptotrombidium scutellare mites (acari: trombiculidae) from shandong of china.leptotrombidium scutellare mites, the vector of orientia tsutsugamushi, have rarely been reported to associate with rickettsia species. three hundred nineteen chiggers were collected from the ears of 32 rodents captured in huangdao district of qingdao city, china, in october 2015. the chigger samples were tested for rickettsia, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, and hantavirus by pcr or rt-pcr amplification. all mites were classified morphologically and molecularly as l. scutella ...201728399204
unusual presentation of a severely ill patient having severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a case report.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel phlebovirus belonging to the family bunyaviridate. emergence of encephalitis/encephalopathy during severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome progression has been identified as a major risk factor associated with a poor prognosis. here we report the case of a severely ill patient with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy characterized by a lesion of ...201728153057
molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in shelter dogs and cats in the republic of korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a tick-borne infectious disease. the present study investigated the prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) in shelter dogs and cats in the republic of korea (rok). blood samples were collected from 426 dogs and 215 cats in animal shelters throughout the rok in 2016. of the tested samples, one (0.2%) dog and one (0.5%) cat were positive for sftsv. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained in the present study sh ...201728442241
seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in china: a systematic review and meta-analysis.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus-sftsv. the seroprevalence of anti-sftsv antibodies including immunoglobulin g (igg) and immunoglobulin m (igm), specific to sftsv in the general population has been investigated in various epidemiological studies with inconsistent results. here, we clarify this discrepancy and reach a more comprehensive result by mean of a meta-analysis.201728399161
differential antagonism of human innate immune responses by tick-borne phlebovirus nonstructural proteins.in recent years, several newly discovered tick-borne viruses causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans have been ascribed to the phlebovirus genus of the bunyaviridae family. the nonstructural protein (nss) of bunyaviruses is the main virulence factor and interferon (ifn) antagonist. we studied the molecular mechanisms of ifn antagonism employed by the nss proteins of human apathogenic uukuniemi virus (uukv) and those of heartland virus (hrtv) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome ...201728680969
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in minks in china.we analyzed the seroprevalence of tick-borne severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) in farm-raised minks using double antigen elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit and indicated that 8.4% (15/178) of the minks had antibodies to the nucleoprotein of sftsv and 72.7% (8/11) of mink farms had minks positive to sftsv. the elisa results were further confirmed by presence of neutralization to sftsv in the mink sera. our results suggested that minks were widely infected with s ...201728654374
a neutralization assay with a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus strain that makes plaques in inoculated cells.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a recently-discovered, potentially fatal infectious disease caused by sfts virus (sftsv). due to the inability of sftsv to make clear cytopathic effects (cpe) in cell culture, titration and neutralization assays of the virus require immunostaining of inoculated cells; consequently, the assays are time-consuming and expensive. in this report, we demonstrate the use of a highly-passaged sftsv strain, p50-2, in a neutralization assay, which made ...201728082164
in vitro antiviral activity of ribavirin against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), a novel bunyavirus. as yet, there is no effective antiviral therapy for sfts. ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, which has been tried for treatment of sfts. in this study, antiviral activity of ribavirin against sftsv has been investigated.201727899013
modeling severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in golden syrian hamsters: importance of stat2 in preventing disease and effective treatment with favipiravir.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne disease endemic in parts of asia. the etiologic agent, sfts virus (sftsv; family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in china, south korea, and japan, with key features of disease being intense fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. case fatality rates are estimated to be in the 30% range, and no antivirals or vaccines are approved for use for treatment and prevention of sft ...201727881648
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in humans, domesticated animals, ticks, and mosquitoes, shaanxi province, china.abstractthe first human infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) was detected in shaanxi province, china, in 2013, although the virus had been reported in 13 other provinces of china since 2010. we collected and analyzed a total of 4,011 samples, including 936 human serum samples, 155 animal serum samples, 895 ticks, 1,950 mosquitoes, 30 midges, and 20 sandflies. sftsv antibodies were found in 44 human samples (4.7%) with no significant differences between males a ...201728719252
two confirmed cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with pneumonia: implication for a family cluster in east china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) was first reported in china in 2011. human-to-human transmission of the virus occurred occasionally in family clusters. however, pneumonia as an onset syndrome was not common in most sfts cases. our aim is to report a family cluster of sfts with clinical manifestation of pneumonia in shanghai.201728774267
molecular identification of novel phlebovirus sequences in european ticks.in recent years the number of newly described tick-borne phleboviruses has been steadily growing. some of these novel viruses are highly pathogenic in humans, e.g. the heartland and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. we aimed to analyse ticks sampled across europe to investigate the diversity of phleboviruses using a comprehensive pcr-based screening approach. a total of 4387 ticks were collected from the vegetation in regions of france, belgium, germany, sweden, and estonia, res ...201728641955
establishment of subclones of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus yg1 strain selected using low ph-dependent cell fusion activity.the first clinical case of the yg1 strain of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) has been isolated in japan. we found that only some of the cells underwent low ph-dependent cell fusion, although all of the cells were confirmed to have been infected with the virus. this suggested that the yg1 strain consists of a heterogeneous mixture of related viruses. here, we established 3 subclones (termed e3, a4, and b7) from the yg1 strain, using the limiting dilution method with ...201728003599
experimental infections of mosquitoes with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a newly identified emerging infectious disease, which is caused by a novel bunyavirus (termed sftsv) in asia. although mosquitoes have not been identified as the primary vectors, as revealed by epidemiological surveys, their role in transmitting this sftsv as a suspicious vector has not been validated.201728569189
the amino acid at position 624 in the glycoprotein of sftsv (severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus) plays a critical role in low-ph-dependent cell fusion activity.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a novel phlebovirus responsible for causing an emerging zoonotic disease. we previously established subclones from sftsv strain yg1 based on differences in low-ph-dependent cell fusion activities and found two amino acid substitutions, y328h and r624w, in the envelope glycoprotein (gp) of high fusion subclones. in this study, we show that transiently expressed gp with the r624w mutation, but not the y328h mutation, induced cell fusion ...201728442665
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus inhibits exogenous type i ifn signaling pathway through its nss invitro.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus (sfts virus, sftsv). at present there is still no specific antiviral treatment for sftsv; to understand which cells support sftsv life cycle and whether sftsv infection activates host innate immunity, four different cell lines (vero, hela, huh7.5.1, and huh7.0) were infected with sftsv. intracellular/extracellular viral rna and expression of ifnα, and ifnß were detected by real-time ...201728234991
antigenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein and its potential application in the virus serodiagnosis. 201728120219
animal models of emerging tick-borne phleboviruses: determining target cells in a lethal model of sftsv infection.the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations caused by newly emerging tick-borne phleboviruses [i.e., severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) and heartland virus (hrtv)], such as severe thrombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia, are not yet fully understood. in the present study, to establish an animal model mimicking the profile of fatal human cases, we examined the susceptibilities of adult mice from 12 strains, aged mice from two strains, and cynomolgus macaques to sftsv and/or hr ...201728194148
seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in hedgehog from china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging hemorrhagic fever, is caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), a tick-borne bunyavirus. information regarding sftsv animal hosts is very limited. in this study, we showed that 64% (9/14) of hedgehogs in shandong province, china were seropositive to sftsv antibody, suggesting that hedgehog could be a vertebrate parasitifer for sftsv.201728323557
a sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic test for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. 201728188817
presence of antibodies against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in non-endemic areas of china.to determine the seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) virus (sftsv) and identify potential risk factors in non-endemic areas, a cross-sectional study was conducted among a healthy population without previously reported sfts in a mountainous area of anhui province. we recruited and collected blood samples from 270 participants in 4 age groups. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to detect immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against sftsv. the overall se ...201727580581
molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) in feral cats from seoul, korea.this study tested serum samples of feral cats from a highly urbanized habitat, seoul, korea to determine the infection to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv). from 126 samples tested, sftsv was detected by rt-pcr in 22 (17.5%) cats from various sites of seoul. sequences identified from this study were grouped with clusters from china and japan. our result provides data that sftsv may have been circulating in settings that were suspected to have relatively low risk, such as ...201727542506
a role for glycolipid biosynthesis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry.a novel bunyavirus was recently found to cause severe febrile illness with high mortality in agricultural regions of china, japan, and south korea. this virus, named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), represents a new group within the phlebovirus genus of the bunyaviridae. little is known about the viral entry requirements beyond showing dependence on dynamin and endosomal acidification. a haploid forward genetic screen was performed to identify host cell requirements for ...201728388693
nano-patterning of a stainless steel microneedle surface to improve the dip-coating efficiency of a dna vaccine and its immune response.dna vaccination with microneedles (mns) into the skin represents a potential therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of viral diseases as well as for intradermal genetic immunization. in this study, we investigated a dna vaccination against the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) delivered by nano-patterned microneedles (nmns) to improve the efficiency compared to a conventional mn vaccination. because dna vaccinations delivered by coated mns have major disadvantage ...201728780461
novel sub-lineages, recombinants and reassortants of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) has been continuously circulating in eastern asia in recent years, without the availability of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs, posing a serious threat to public health, particularly in the central-eastern provinces of china. in this study, we isolated and sequenced four new sftsv strains from shandong province identified in 2015. phylogenetic analysis, with all publicly available l, m and s gene segments, revealed that the four new ...201728117273
identification of a candidate standard strain of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus for vaccine quality control in china using a cross-neutralization assay.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is caused by a phlebovirus of the bunyaviridae family, which is designated as sfts virus (sftsv). to our knowledge, no efficient sftsv vaccine exists. here, we report the identification of a standard virus strain for the eight major sftsv strains circulating in china for use in evaluating the sftsv vaccine. rabbits were immunized with the sftsv strains and the cross-neutralization capacities of sftsv anti-sera were determined in microculture cyt ...201728173977
current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging infectious disease caused by sfts virus (sftsv). sftsv is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in china, south korea and japan. sftsv undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of sftsv. in this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of sfts, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of ...201728251515
nss protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus suppresses interferon production through different mechanism than rift valley fever virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a newly identified phlebovirus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. our study demonstrated that sftsv nss functioned as ifn antagonist mainly by suppressing tbk1/ikkε-irf3 signaling pathway. nss interacted with and relocalized tank-binding kinase 1 (tbk1) into nss-induced cytoplasmic structures and this interaction could effectively inhibit downstream phosphorylation and dimerization of interferon regulatory factor ...201728854793
structures of phlebovirus glycoprotein gn and identification of a neutralizing antibody epitope.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) are two arthropod-borne phleboviruses in the bunyaviridae family, which cause severe illness in humans and animals. glycoprotein n (gn) is one of the envelope proteins on the virus surface and is a major antigenic component. despite its importance for virus entry and fusion, the molecular features of the phleboviruse gn were unknown. here, we present the crystal structures of the gn head domain from both ...201728827346
association between peripheral γδ t cell subsets and disease progression of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by sfts virus. the cellular immune responses during sfts virus infection have not been fully understood. this study examined the association between circulating γδ t cell subsets and clinical outcome of sfts patients from china. a total of 101 hospitalized sfts patients and 28 healthy controls were enrolled. peripheral blood was collected, and lymphocyte subgroups and γδ t cell frequencies were ...201728859400
heartland virus nss protein disrupts host defenses by blocking the tbk1 kinase-irf3 transcription factor interaction and signaling required for interferon induction.heartland virus (hrtv) is a pathogenic phlebovirus related to the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), another phlebovirus causing life-threatening diseases in humans. previous findings have suggested that sftsv can antagonize the host interferon (ifn) system via viral nonstructural protein (nss)-mediated sequestration of antiviral signaling proteins into nss-induced inclusion bodies (ibs). however, whether and how hrtv counteracts the host innate immunity is unknown. here, ...201728848048
the emergence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a newly recognized hemorrhagic fever disease found throughout asia with a case fatality rate between 12% and 30%. since 2009, sfts has been reported in china throughout 14 chinese provinces. in addition, sfts has been recognized in south korea and japan with the first confirmed cases reported in 2012. a similar disease, caused by the closely related heartland virus, was also reported in the united states in 2009. sfts is caused by sfts virus, ...201728820686
molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in korean domesticated pigs.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging tick-borne virus in china, japan, and korea. although the incidence of sfts has been increasing annually since the first sftsv case was reported in korea, the prevalence of sftsv in korean livestock has not conducted. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sftsv in domesticated pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) throughout korea.201829893622
heartland virus epidemiology, vector association, and disease potential.first identified in two missouri farmers exhibiting low white-blood-cell and platelet counts in 2009, heartland virus (hrtv) is genetically closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), a tick-borne phlebovirus producing similar symptoms in china, korea, and japan. field isolations of hrtv from several life stages of unfed, host-seeking amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, implicated it as a putative vector capable of transstadial transmission. laboratory vec ...201830223439
seroprevalence and genetic characterization of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in domestic goats in south korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a newly emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the sfts virus (sftsv). to investigate the prevalence of sftsv in domestic goats in south korea, we collected blood samples in commercial slaughterhouses in chungbuk province in 2017. of the 207 samples tested, 4 (2%) were found to be positive for viral rna by rt-pcr and 30 (14.4%) were positive for sftsv antibody as detected by a nucleocapsid (np) protein-based elisa. phylogenetic anal ...201829748119
prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in black goats (capra hircus coreanae) in the republic of korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in china, japan, and the republic of korea (rok). the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sftsv antigens and anti-sftsv antibodies in black goats (capra hircus coreanae) throughout the rok. sera were collected from 737 black goats in nine provinces in the rok. eighteen of 737 (2.4%) goat sera were positive for sftsv on one-step reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction. th ...201829724620
fatal tickborne phlebovirus infection in captive cheetahs, japan.two captive cheetahs from a zoo in japan died of a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome-like illness. severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, an endemic tickborne phlebovirus, was detected systemically with secretion of infectious viruses into the saliva. these cases highlight the risk for exposure of captive animals to endemic arthropodborne pathogens.201830124411
survey of tick-borne zoonotic viruses in wild deer in hokkaido, japan.tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) are both tick-borne zoonotic diseases caused by tbe virus (tbev) and sfts phlebovirus (sftsv). in 2016, a second domestic tbe case was reported in hokkaido, japan, after an absence of 23 years. we conducted igg elisa for tbev and sftsv on 314 deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) serum samples collected from 3 places in hokkaido. there were 7 seropositive samples for tbev but none for sftsv by elisa. the specificity of ...201829669948
molecular detection of viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers in rodents in the south-west of korea.many pathogens causing hemorrhagic fevers of medical and veterinary importance have been identified and isolated from rodents in the republic of korea (rok). we investigated the occurrence of emerging viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts), and flaviviruses, from wild rodents. striped field mice, apodemus agrarius (n = 39), were captured during 2014-2015 in the south-west of rok. using molecular ...201930635845
species-specific pathogenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus is determined by anti-stat2 activity of nss.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is a novel emerging virus that has been identified in china, south korea, and japan, and it induces thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia in humans with a high case fatality rate. sftsv is pathogenic to humans, while immunocompetent adult mice and golden syrian hamsters infected with sftsv never show apparent symptoms. however, mice deficient for the gene encoding the α chain of the alpha- and beta-interferon receptor (ifnar1-/- mice) and g ...201930814285
natural severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in domestic cats in japan.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a recently discovered emerging infectious disease. a zoonotic disease with a high fatality rate in human beings, clinical information on sfts virus (sftsv) infection in animals is important. since 2017, we have diagnosed 24 client-owned cats living in western japan with sfts, by genetic and serological testing. in this study, we characterized the clinical features of sfts in cats and their associated risk factors, by evaluating the clinical p ...201931500732
identification of the first case of sftsv infection in the hunan province of china and epidemiological surveillance in the locality.this study reports the etiological identification, clinical diagnosis, and the results of the local epidemiological surveillance of the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) infection in 2014 in hunan province, china. the infected patient was isolated and closely monitored. the virus is a member of the bunyaviridae sandfly family and is characterized by real-time pcr, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and whole-genome sequencing. we also detected igg and ...201930611724
animals as amplification hosts in the spread of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv). the seroprevalence of anti-sftsv antibodies specific to sftsv (igg or igm) has been investigated in different animal hosts in many epidemiological studies, but no systematic estimation of seroprevalence has yet been performed. hence, this meta-analysis was conducted in order to obtain a more comprehensive result to clarify the preval ...201930500443
susceptibility of spotted doves (streptopelia chinensis) to experimental infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv), an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks, has spread widely since it was first detected in 2010. although sftsv-specific antibodies have been detected in wild birds, these natural reservoir and amplifying hosts for the virus have not been well studied.201931276495
phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus) in the republic of korea.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne disease caused by sfts virus, which circulates among ticks and their host animals, including wildlife. however, few studies have examined sfts virus infection in wildlife present in the republic of korea (rok). we evaluated sfts virus infection in tissue samples from korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus), one of the most common wild ungulates in rok. in this study, we evaluated tissue samples of 129 ...202031787559
direct transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from domestic cat to veterinary personnel.two veterinary personnel in japan were infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) while handling a sick cat. whole-genome sequences of sftsv isolated from the personnel and the cat were 100% identical. these results identified a nosocomial outbreak of sftsv infection in an animal hospital without a tick as a vector.202033219655
molecular and serological investigation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in cats.background: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in china, the republic of korea (rok), and japan. the presence of the sfts virus (sftsv) in companion, livestock, and wild animals has been reported. recently, human sfts-like clinical symptoms in cats and cheetahs have been reported in japan. therefore, the prevalence of the sftsv gene or antibody in cats is important for public health as well as veterinary medicine. materials and methods: sera wer ...202032831006
zwiesel bat banyangvirus, a potentially zoonotic huaiyangshan banyangvirus (formerly known as sfts)-like banyangvirus in northern bats from germany.bats are reservoir hosts for several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in wildlife, animal stocks and humans. various viruses within the family phenuiviridae have been detected in bats, including the highly pathogenic rift valley fever virus and malsoor virus, a novel banyangvirus with close genetic relation to huaiyangshan banyangvirus (bhav)(former known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, sftsv) and heartland virus (hrtv), both of which ...202031992832
molecular and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in ticks parasitizing native korean goats (capra hircus coreanae) in south korea.tick-borne pathogens (tbps) are considered zoonotic re-emerging pathogens, with ticks playing important roles in their transmission and ecology. previous studies in south korea have examined tbps residing in ticks; however, there is no phylogenetic information on tbps in ticks parasitizing native korean goat (nkg; capra hircus coreanae). the present study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and co-infectivity of tbps in ticks parasitizing nkgs. in total, 107 hard ticks, including haemaphysali ...202031973172
amblyomma testudinarium infestation on a brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis) captured in hokkaido, a northern island of japan.the tick amblyomma testudinarium koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae) is known as a vector of several pathogens such as rickettsia tamurae and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) virus. this tick species is present in many asian countries, including japan, where its distribution is limited to the warm areas of kanto region and the southwestern region. the present study reports the recovery of a partially engorged a. testudinarium from a wild brown bear captured in shari town, hokkaido. in ...202033098988
ifitms of african green monkey can inhibit replication of sftsv but not mnv in vitro.interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (ifitms) are transmembrane proteins induced by interferon that can provide broad-spectrum antiviral activities. however, there are few reports on the antiviral activity of monkey-derived ifitms. in this study, the ifitm1 and ifitm3 genes of african green monkey (agm) were cloned and overexpressed in vero cells, followed by infection with mouse norovirus (mnv) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv). the results showed that monkey if ...202033185509
seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in animals in kagoshima prefecture, japan, and development of gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation system to detect specific igg antibodies.we conducted a seroprevalence investigation of the healthy population of animals in kagoshima prefecture, an area in which severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is endemic. of 104 domestic cat and 114 dog samples, 2 (1.9%) and 11 (9.6%) were positive for anti-sfts virus (sftsv) igg by indirect elisa, respectively. viral rna was detected in one dog (0.9%) by rt-pcr. of the 102 wild boar (sus scrofa) and 107 deer (cervus nippon) samples tested, 55 (53.9%) and 37 (34.7%) were positive ...202134218054
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