| differential effects of lecithin and cholesterol on the immunoreactivity and conformation of apolipoprotein a-i in high density lipoproteins. | recently identified epitopes in apoa-i define a distinct n-terminal region with a complex tertiary structure, characterized by multiple discontinuous epitopes. other epitopes are constituted of short domains centered either on beta-turns or random coils or on the 22-mer amphipathic alpha-helices (marcel, y. l., provost, p. r., koa, h., raffaï, e., vu dac, n., fruchart, j.-c., and rassart, e. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 3644-3653). the compared immunoreactivity of seven epitopes studies here in re ... | 1991 | 1709164 |
| intramolecular triplex formation of the purine.purine.pyrimidine type. | six octadecamers with hairpin motifs have been synthesized and investigated for possible intramolecular triplex formation. electrophoretic, hypochromic, and cd evidence suggest that d(cccctttggggtttgggg) and d(ggggtttggggtttcccc) can form g.g.c intramolecular triplexes via double hairpin formation in neutral solutions, presumably with the terminal g tract folding back along the groove of the hairpin duplex. in contrast, d(ggggtttcccctttgggg) and the three corresponding 18-mers containing one g a ... | 1991 | 2021637 |
| preparation and characterization of spin-labeled oligonucleotides for dna hybridization. | sequence-specific spin-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides with conformation-sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) signals are synthesized and examined as solution-phase nucleic acid hybridization probes. either a proxyl or tempo ring linked to the c(5) position of deoxyuridine (du) by a nonrigid two-atom methylamino tether is incorporated within 15-mers by phosphotriester chemistry yielding stable spin-labeled probes with distinctive epr specific activity (aepr) values. the aepr is greater ... | 2013 | 1651116 |
| analysis of acrylamido-buffers for isoelectric focusing by capillary zone electrophoresis. | immobilized ph gradients use a series of weak acrylamido acids and bases (immobiline) to create a ph gradient along the separation axis. these buffers can be degraded in water by two mechanisms: (i) hydrolysis of the amido bond, with generation of free acrylic acid and either an amino acid or a diamine; (ii) autopolymerization to oligomers and/or n-mers. in order to check for these degradation products, different capillary zone electrophoresis systems for analysis of all immobilines have been de ... | 1991 | 2050100 |
| a method for dna sequencing by hybridization with oligonucleotide matrix. | a new technique of dna sequencing by hybridization with oligonucleotide matrix (shom) which could also be applied for dna mapping and fingerprinting, mutant diagnostics, etc., has been tested in model experiments. a dot matrix was prepared which contained 9 overlapping octanucleotides (8-mers) complementary to a common 17-mer. each of the 8-mers was immobilized as individual dot in thin layer of polyacrylamide gel fixed on a glass plate. the matrix was hybridized with the 32p-labeled 17-mer and ... | 1991 | 1768861 |
| epitope mapping studies of snake venom phospholipase a2 using monoclonal antibodies. | fifteen different monoclonal antibodies developed against pseudexin, a snake venom phospholipase a2 with presynaptic neurotoxicity, were screened for linear epitope recognition. peptides (9-mers) spanning pseudexin were synthesized by using alanine-derivatized polyethylene pins and subsequently probed with antibody. four antibodies bound to toxin peptides and were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. three of the bound antibodies recognized a site important in calcium binding and ... | 1991 | 1725235 |
| [synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by the n-phosphonate method using alkali-labile 2'-o-protective groups. ii. various aspects of using 2'-o-benzoyl and anisole protective groups]. | the n-acyl, 5'-o-trityl (meotr, (meo)2tr, me3tr), 2'-o-benzoyl (and anisole) nucleosides were prepared by selective aroylation of n,5'-protected nucleosides. by means of the reverse-phase microcolumn liquid chromatography it was shown that the rate of the aryl 2'----3'-isomerisation is lower in case of 2'-anisoylnucleosides and depends on structure of the 5'-o-protecting group. the prepared synthons were used for the manual h-phosphonate solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides (6-10-mers). | 1990 | 2096827 |
| thermal denaturation profiles and gel mobility shift analysis of oligodeoxynucleotide triplexes. | oligodeoxypurine- and oligodeoxypyrimidine-containing strands were mixed under conditions conducive to the formation of triple stranded assemblies. the mixtures were characterized both by their uv absorbance change with increasing temperature and by their mobility in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. duplexes 34 bp long containing 15 central purines on one strand and 15 complementary pyrimidines on the other strand yielded new melting transitions and showed different gel mobilities upon combin ... | 1990 | 2395647 |
| sequence-dependent oligonucleotide-target duplex stabilities: rules from empirical studies with a set of twenty-mers. | we were interested in developing a better method to predict the thermal stability of specific oligonucleotide-target duplexes. recognizing that the base sequence can have important effects, we investigated the use of a simple parameter based on nearest-neighbor stacking interactions, the mean stacking temperature. we took values for doublet stabilities from the literature and used a computer program to calculate mean stacking temperatures for all oligonucleotides of specified length and g + c co ... | 1990 | 2357384 |
| synthesis, thermal stability and reactivity towards 9-aminoellipticine of double-stranded oligonucleotides containing a true abasic site. | a 13 mers abasic oligonucleotide was synthetized. it was therefore possible to compare thermal stability and reactivity of duplex oligonucleotides either with an apurinic/apyrimidinic site or without any lesion. an important decrease in the melting temperature appeared for duplexes with an abasic site. the chemical reaction of these modified oligonucleotides with the intercalating agent 9-aminoellipticine was studied by gel electrophoresis and by fluorescence. the formation of a schiff base betw ... | 1989 | 2602153 |
| an oligonucleotide hybridization approach to dna sequencing. | we have proposed a dna sequencing method based on hybridization of a dna fragment to be sequenced with the complete set of fixed-length oligonucleotides (e.g., 4(8) = 65,536 possible 8-mers) immobilized individually as dots of a 2-d matrix [(1989) dokl. akad. nauk sssr 303, 1508-1511]. it was shown that the list of hybridizing octanucleotides is sufficient for the computer-assisted reconstruction of the structures for 80% of random-sequence fragments up to 200 bases long, based on the analysis o ... | 1989 | 2680594 |
| interferon-induced early changes in nuclear protein interactions with the interferon consensus sequence. | a number of genes are transcriptionally regulated by interferons via a cis acting regulatory element (interferon consensus sequence). after incubation with hela cell nuclear extracts, a synthetic 29 mers probe representing the consensus was retarded as a single band whose amount increased after the addition of ifn to the cells. dnase i footprinting showed that a region of the non coding strand was protected differentially upon interferon treatment. after nuclear protein blotting and probing with ... | 1989 | 2476126 |
| structure-function relationships in a winter flounder antifreeze polypeptide. i. stabilization of an alpha-helical antifreeze polypeptide by charged-group and hydrophobic interactions. | the major antifreeze polypeptide (afp) from winter flounder (37 amino acid residues) is a single alpha-helix. aspartic acid and arginine are found, respectively, at the amino and carboxyl-termini. these charged amino acids are ideally located for stabilizing the alpha-helical conformation of this afp by means of charge-dipole interaction (shoemaker, k. r., kim, p.s., york, e.j., stewart, j. m., and baldwin, r. l. (1987) nature 326, 563-567). in order to understand these and other molecular inter ... | 1989 | 2738067 |
| allosteric oxygen-binding properties of reassembled tarantula (eurypelma californicum) hemocyanin with incorporated apo- or met-subunits. | 4x6-meric hemocyanin of the tarantula eurypelma californicum was dissociated into subunits; one type of subunit was removed by immunoaffinity chromatography and replaced by its apo- or met-form. the mixture was reassembled and the reconstituted 4x6-mers were isolated. this was performed for subunits a, bc, d, e, f and g, respectively. it was verified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis that each type of subunit including the modified one, was incorporated in the reassembled 4x6-mers. oxygen binding ... | 1989 | 2673295 |
| site-specific interaction of intercalating drugs with a branched dna molecule. | the interaction of a stable branched dna molecule with an intercalative drug is probed by hydroxyl radical scission. methidiumpropyl-edta.fe(ii) [mpe.fe(ii)], consisting of an intercalating ring system tethered to edta.fe(ii), produces the hydroxyl radicals by means of a fenton reaction. the cleavage patterns of each labeled strand in a branched tetramer of four 16-mers are compared with those of the same strands in unbranched duplex controls. strong differences between the profiles correspondin ... | 1989 | 2543439 |
| effect of ionic strength on the hybridization of oligodeoxynucleotides with reduced charge due to methylphosphonate linkages to unmodified oligodeoxynucleotides containing the complementary sequence. | a 12-mer oligodeoxynucleotide containing 10 methylphosphonate bonds and 1 phosphodiester bond was shown to bind specifically to the restriction endonuclease fragment containing complementary dna in a southern blot. this 12-mer as well as 14-mer oligodeoxynucleotides containing 3 methylphosphonate and 10 phosphodiester bonds was used to examine the effect of reduced charge on the thermodynamics of binding to complementary dna or complementary oligodeoxynucleotides with additional nucleotides over ... | 1989 | 2713356 |
| use of edta derivatization to characterize interactions between oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates and nucleic acids. | edta-derivatized oligonucleoside methylphosphonates were prepared and used to characterize hybridization between the oligomers and single-stranded dna or rna. the melting temperatures of duplexes formed between an oligodeoxyribonucleotide 35-mer and complementary methylphosphonate 12-mers were 4-12 degrees c higher than those of duplexes formed by oligodeoxyribonucleotide 12-mers as determined by spectrophotometric measurements. derivatization of the methylphosphonate oligomers with edta reduced ... | 1989 | 2469462 |
| antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed cleavage of maternal mrna in xenopus oocytes and embryos. | we have investigated the effect of specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) on endogenous histone h4 mrna in xenopus oocytes, eggs and embryos. in unfertilised eggs and non-matured oocytes, one 20-mer oligo (h4-1) mediated the rnase h-like cleavage of up to 95% of h4 mrna (which included polysomal mrna), and cleavage was still obtained when the size of the oligo was reduced to a 10-mer; no cleavage was observed with 6- and 8-mers. the residual uncleaved mrna appeared to be completely in ... | 1988 | 2468567 |
| detection of nucleic acid hybridization by nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer. | three approaches were used to study hybridization of complementary oligodeoxynucleotides by nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (i) fluorescein (donor) and rhodamine (acceptor) were covalently attached to the 5' ends of complementary oligodeoxynucleotides of various lengths. upon hybridization of the complementary oligodeoxynucleotides, energy transfer was detected by both a decrease in fluorescein emission intensity and an enhancement in rhodamine emission intensity. in all cas ... | 1988 | 3194390 |
| [synthesis and cloning of artificial zein genes]. | to investigate structure-function relationships in zein proteins and to develop an approach to the construction of mutant zeins of improved nutritional qualities, the chemical-enzymatic synthesis of a gene for zein cz22b1 (22 kd) has been undertaken. this 806-base pair long dna fragment consists of about 40 synthetic oligonucleotides, mostly 30-60-mers. the synthesis was planned with the use of a universal methodology for the artificial gene construction. the choice of appropriate sites for alte ... | 1988 | 2853634 |
| the b-z conformational transition in folded oligodeoxynucleotides: loop size and stability of z-hairpins. | the capacity to assume a left-handed conformation and the thermodynamics of loop formation in concentrated aqueous naclo4 have been investigated for the following palindromic sequences: d-(cgcgcgaaaaacgcgcg) (a5), d(cgcgcgtttttcgcgcg) (t5), d(cgcgcgtacgcgcg) (ta), and d(cgcgcgatcgcgcg) (at). the results show that (a) each oligomer assumes a z conformation upon exposure to increasing naclo4 concentrations; the salt concentration at the transition midpoint is 1.8 m for both a5 and t5 and 3 and 3.5 ... | 1988 | 3219338 |
| construction and analysis of monomobile dna junctions. | immobile dna junctions are complexes of oligomeric dna strands that interact to yield branched structures in which the branch point cannot migrate. this is achieved by minimizing the sequence symmetry in the flanking arms, so that base pairs lock at the branch site. here, we report the design, synthesis, and analysis of two semimobile junctions, structures in which a controlled extent of branch point migratory freedom is deliberately introduced. we have constructed two minimally symmetric four-a ... | 1988 | 3191106 |
| negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of oligodeoxynucleotide carbamate analogs. | oligonucleotide analogs, in which carbamate rather than phosphodiester linkages form the backbone, have been analyzed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. these oligodeoxynucleotides, dimers (982.4 daltons) to 11-mers (4356.5 daltons), show intense [m - h]- ions and some degree of cleavage of the sugar-carbamate backbone structure in repeating fashion on both sides of the carbonyl groups. sequencing of the shorter chain oligonucleotide analogs, up to six bases long, is demons ... | 1988 | 3191249 |
| stable storage conditions of immobiline chemicals for isoelectric focusing. | most of the problems connected with the use of the immobiline chemicals (a set of six, non-amphoteric, acrylamido buffers having pk values in the ph 3.5-9.5 interval) can be attributed to the alkaline species (with pk values 6.2, 7.0, 8.5 and 9.3). these compounds, to varying degrees are subjected to two degradation pathways: (a) hydrolysis of the amido bond, producing free acrylic acid and a diamine, the latter unable to be incorporated into the polyacrylamide matrix; (b) spontaneous auto-polym ... | 2013 | 3411080 |
| sequence-specific binding and photocrosslinking of alpha and beta oligodeoxynucleotides to the major groove of dna via triple-helix formation. | a photocrosslinking reagent (p-azidophenacyl) was covalently linked to an octathymidylate synthesized with either the natural (beta) anomer of thymidine or the synthetic (alpha) anomer. the oligothymidylate was further substituted by an acridine derivative to stabilize the hybrid formed with a complementary octadeoxyadenylate sequence via intercalation. a single-stranded 27-mer containing a (da)8 sequence and a 27-mer duplex containing a (da.dt)8 sequence were used as targets. upon uv irradiatio ... | 1988 | 3422738 |
| construction of a series of several self-cleaving rna duplexes using synthetic 21-mers. | two fragments (21-mers) containing consensus sequences for the self-cleavage domain in transcripts of satellite dna of the newt were chemically synthesized and found to be cleaved in the presence of mg2+. the cleaved product contained the 3'-terminal 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. twenty-five combinations of partially double-stranded 21-mer rna which contained different bases within the consensus sequences and at the cleavage sites were tested for self-cleavage. it seemed that guanosine 3'-phosphate wa ... | 1988 | 2449365 |
| antisense oligonucleotide-directed cleavage of mrna in xenopus oocytes and eggs. | we have investigated the effect of specific antisense oligonucleotides on both exogenous and endogenous mrnas in xenopus oocytes and eggs. injection of 19- or 20-mers complementary to 70-kd heat shock protein, histone h4 and vegetally localized veg 1 coding sequences causes rapid cleavage and degradation of up to 96% of the target transcripts present in stage vi oocytes. nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts appear to be equally accessible to cytoplasmically injected oligonucleotide and efficient ... | 1988 | 2452730 |
| synthesis of dna fragments containing 5,6-dihydrothymine, a major product of thymine gamma radiolysis. | 5,6-dihydrothymine is one of the most important products of base damage by gamma irradiation of dna in anoxic conditions. this modified base is unstable in the deprotection conditions used for classical synthesis of oligonucleotides. for its incorporation in synthetic dna fragments, a new set of amino protecting groups has been developed. the 5,6-dihydrothymidine phosphoramidite was successfully employed for the synthesis of two 14-mers and one 17-mer bearing this defect at positions correspondi ... | 1988 | 3340528 |
| binding of n-mers to one-dimensional lattices with longer than close-contact interactions. | a general formalism is derived for the evaluation of binding isotherms of n-mers (ligands) to one-dimensional polymers in the presence of ligand-ligand interactions which extend over several binding sites with distance-dependent interaction energies (multi-parameter model). this is an extension of the usual n-mer binding theory developed by several investigators in which ligand-ligand interaction occurs only when two ligands are in close contact (one-parameter model). the difference in binding i ... | 1987 | 3607238 |
| conformational transitions of synthetic dna sequences with inserted bases, related to the dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg). | conformational transitions for a series of imperfect palindromes related to the dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg) have been investigated. these sequences are: two isomeric 13-mers - d(cgcagaattcgcg) (13-meri) and d(cgcgaattacgcg) (13-merii), 17-mer d(cgcgcgaattacgcgcg) and 15-mer d(cgcgaaatttacgcg). insertion of a single adenine nucleotide prevents these sequences from being self-complementary. analysis of thermodynamic parameters derived from the melting profiles together with other data at higher conc ... | 1987 | 3588311 |
| two dr beta allelic series defined by exon ii-specific synthetic oligonucleotide genomic hybridization: a method of hla typing? | comparisons of exon ii hla-dr beta sequences have shown that nucleotide variations are principally clustered within the following three regions: v1 (amino acid 8-15), v2 (25-32), and v3 (70-77). v1, v2, and v3-derived 24-mers have been synthesized, the dr beta sequences coming from dr1, dr3, drw6, dr4, dr5, and drw53 haplotypes. each oligonucleotide was hybridized to pvu ii-digested dna samples from 13 hla genotyped families; therefore, 52 haplotypes have been investigated. six polymorphic pvu i ... | 1986 | 3464000 |
| use of oligonucleotide hybridization in the characterization of a beta zero-thalassemia gene (beta 37 tgg----tga) in a saudi arabian family. | analysis of restriction site polymorphisms in the beta-globin gene cluster of a saudi arabian female with beta zero-thalassemia demonstrated that both of her beta-globin genes were missing a nonpolymorphic avaii site in exon 2. examination of the normal nucleotide sequence surrounding this avaii site revealed that either of two nucleotide substitutions, tgg----tag or tgg----tga, could produce a nonsense codon at codon 37 and eliminate the avaii site. consequently, two oligonucleotides (19-mers s ... | 1986 | 3006832 |
| curved dna: design, synthesis, and circularization. | curved dna molecules and unusually small circles have been obtained by ligation of synthetic 21-base precursors: (sequence in text). the ligation resulted in the formation of double-stranded oligo-(precursor)s possessing a strong 10.5-base-pair (bp) periodicity of the runs of adenines. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ligation products showed two distinct families of spots: (i) noncircular oligo(precursor)s of 21 to 231 bp (1- to 11-mers) and (ii) four circles from 105 t ... | 1986 | 3456570 |
| covalent carcinogenic lesions in dna: nmr studies of o6-methylguanosine containing oligonucleotide duplexes. | we report on proton and phosphorus high resolution nmr investigations of the self-complementary dodecanucleotide d(c1-g2-n3-g4-a5-a6-t7-t8-c9-o6meg10-c11-g12) duplexes (henceforth called o6 meg.n 12-mers), n = c, t, a and g, which contain n3.o6meg10 interactions in the interior of the helix. these sequences containing a single modified o6meg per strand were prepared by phosphoamidite synthesis and provide an excellent model for probing the structural basis for covalent carcinogenic lesions in dn ... | 2013 | 4084607 |
| simultaneous rapid chemical synthesis of over one hundred oligonucleotides on a microscale. | an inexpensive, extremely rapid manual method for simultaneous synthesis of large numbers of oligodeoxyribonucleotides on 50 or 150 nanomole scale is described. the oligonucleotides are assembled in parallel by the phosphotriester method on small cellulose paper disks in a simple gas pressure-controlled continuous-flow system. for each addition of a nucleotide the disks are sorted into four sets which are placed in four columns for addition of a, c, g and t, respectively. during one 2-week perio ... | 1984 | 16453516 |
| rapid synthesis of long-chain deoxyribooligonucleotides by the n-methylimidazolide phosphotriester method. | a modified phosphotriester method has been employed for the efficient chemical synthesis of long-chain deoxyribooligonucleotides. during the course of this work, a general and rapid procedure was developed for the preparation of 24-62-mers in solution. preparative reversed phase column chromatography on silanized silica gel was used to purify triester intermediates starting from 10-mers. the rapid synthesis of 32-mer and 42-mer on glass and silica gel supports using suitably protected 2-8-mer bl ... | 1983 | 6324083 |
| construction of improved m13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. | the restriction endonuclease cleavage sites for sphi and kpni have been added to the lac cloning region of the phage vectors m13mp10 and m13mp11, using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed in vitro mutagenesis. complementary deoxy 16-, 21- or 18-mers with the desired base changes were annealed to the m13mp dna strand and extended with the klenow fragment of dna polymerase i. in adding these sites we have shown that this technique can be used as a general method for inserting sequences of dna as well as ... | 1983 | 6323249 |
| cooperative binding of n-mers with steric hindrance to finite and infinite one-dimensional lattices. | | 1982 | 7082772 |
| hemocyanins in spiders, xv. the role of the individual subunits in the assembly of eurypelma hemocyanin. | the role of the seven different subunits in the quaternary structure of the 24-meric (37 s) hemocyanin of the tarantula, eurypelma californicum, was studied by reassembly experiments. individual subunits and combinations of 2, 3, 4, etc. different subunits were incubated in a total concentration of 1-2 mg/ml overnight in tris buffer, ph 7.5, omitting divalent cations. the reassembly mixtures were then analyzed by thinlayer gel filtration, electron microscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and ... | 1982 | 7061045 |
| structural proteins of sarcophagid larval exoskeleton. composition and distribution of radioactivity derived from [7-14c]dopamine. | in the cyclorrhaphid flies, exoskeletal proteins from the last larval instar cross-link by arylation and glycosylation to form the sclerotized puparial case. cuticular proteins from maggots killed just prior to tanning were resolved into 21 soluble components by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. isoelectric points ranged from ph 4.5 to 6.0, molecular weights were distributed between mr = 16,000 and 24,000. aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine, serine ... | 1981 | 7012149 |
| separation of oligo-rna by reverse-phase hplc. | a rapid and highly reproducible chromatographic technique has been developed for analysis and purification of complex mixtures of oligoribonucleotides. the method utilizes a column of microparticulate porous silica beads fully derivatized with octadecylsilyl groups. the column is eluted with gradients in acetonitrile/water/ammonium acetate pumped at pressures of 1500-300 psi. most separations are completed in 5-15 min. with usually better than 1% reproducibility of absolute retention times and a ... | 1979 | 503849 |
| clays as possible catalysts for peptide formation in the prebiotic era. | from the point of view of prebiotic synthesis, clays might have performed functions of concentration, catalysis, and protection of molecules. the degree of polymerization obtained when amino acid adenylates are added to montmorillonite suspensions in water, are much iigher than those obtained by polymerization in the absence of such a clay. in addition, they are of a discrete spectrum, usually multiplies of 6 or 7, and reach values of up to 40 mers. in the absence of clay a continuous spectrum o ... | 1976 | 1023136 |
| pmr studies of the self-association of dna intercalating ellipticine derivatives in aqueous solution. | in aqueous solution dna intercalating ellipticine derivatives aggregate in n-mers. the self-association constants k are higher than those of 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-dimethylaminopropyl-amino]-acridine and ethidium bromide. they are of the same order as that of actinomycin d but inferior to that of acridine orange. the increase of the 9-hydroxy-ellipticine constant by addition of sodium chloride shows the importance of anion participation in the mechanism of stacking in accordance with the high e ... | 1976 | 949529 |
| a motivation evaluating rating scale for chronic impaired schizophrenics (mers). | the attempt is made to structure a rating scale intended to evaluate the motivational level of chronic impaired schizophrenics (defect-schizophrenia). the need for such a measuring tool is stressed, considering mainly the relatively poor symptomatology of these patients, the difficulties to discern changes in the patients' condition and the fact that lack of motivation basically features the schizophrenic impairment. the scale strives to be as comprehensive as possible, extending from the lowest ... | 1974 | 4469913 |
| polyribosomes from peas: ii. polyribosome metabolism during normal and hormone-induced growth. | polyribosomes as large as 10-mers (strands of messenger rna bearing 10 ribosomes) were isolated from etiolated pea (pisum sativum l. var. alaska) stem tissue during all stages of development when methods were used which essentially eliminated ribonuclease activity during extraction. actively growing tissue, harvested from the apical 10 mm, yielded many large polyribosomes and a low (<20%) proportion of monosomes. similar tissue, allowed to age by applying lanolin to decapitated apices, showed a ... | 1973 | 16658559 |
| control at hospital level of infections by methicillin-resistant staphylococci in children. | rapid spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mers) in a children's hospital is described. within 4 months of the first isolation mers had been isolated from infections in all clinical units. mers were also regularly isolated at the out-patient department. protective isolation of one of the clinical units had no effect on the infection rate by mers. the use of antiseptics (hexachlorophene and chlorhexidine) and gentamicin nose cream in children and staff members in three out of five clini ... | 1971 | 5285944 |
| receptor usage of a novel bat lineage c betacoronavirus reveals evolution of mers-related coronavirus spike proteins for human dpp4 binding. | although bats are known to harbor mers-cov-related viruses, the role of bats in the evolutionary origin and pathway remains obscure. we identified a novel mers-cov-related betacoronavirus, hp-batcov hku25, from chinese pipistrelle bats. while being closely related to mers-cov in most genome regions, its spike protein occupies a phylogenetic position between that of ty-batcov hku4 and pi-batcov hku5. since ty-batcov hku4 but not pi-batcov hku5 can utilize mers-cov receptor, hdpp4, for cell entry, ... | 2018 | 29346682 |
| mers-cov infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory th1 and th17 cytokine profile. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus to humans that infects the respiratory tract and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. studies in animal models suggest that mers-cov infection induces a strong inflammatory response, which may be related to the severity of disease. data showing the cytokine profiles in humans during the acute phase of mers-cov infection are limited. in this study, we have analyzed the profile ... | 2018 | 29414327 |
| the prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in livestock and temporal relation to locations and seasons. | the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) has been reported for the first time infecting a human being since 2012. the who was notified of 27 countries have reported cases of mers, the majority of these cases occur in the arabian peninsula, particularly in saudi arabia. dromedary camels are likely to be the main source of middle east respiratory syndrome virus (mers-cov) infection in humans. | 2018 | 29396257 |
| mers-cov spillover at the camel-human interface. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic virus from camels causing significant mortality and morbidity in humans in the arabian peninsula. the epidemiology of the virus remains poorly understood, and while case-based and seroepidemiological studies have been employed extensively throughout the epidemic, viral sequence data have not been utilised to their full potential. here, we use existing mers-cov sequence data to explore its phylodynamics in two of its known majo ... | 2018 | 29336306 |
| pathogen genomic surveillance elucidates the origins, transmission and evolution of emerging viral agents in china. | in the past twenty years, numerous novel zoonotic viral agents with pandemic potential have emerged in china, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus and, more recently, the avian-origin influenza a/h7n9 virus, which have caused outbreaks among humans with high morbidity and mortality. in addition, several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens have also been imported into china from travelers, e.g. the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus and zika virus ... | 2017 | 29270793 |
| protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal mers-cov challenge in a transgenic human dpp4 mouse model. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel zoonotic virus that causes severe respiratory disease in humans with a case fatality rate close to 40%, but for which no vaccines are available. here, we evaluated the utility of chadox1, a promising replication-deficient simian adenovirus vaccine vector platform with an established safety profile in humans and dromedary camels, for mers-cov vaccine development. using a transgenic lethal balb/c mers-cov mouse model we showed that ... | 2017 | 29263883 |
| detection and full genome characterization of two beta cov viruses related to middle east respiratory syndrome from bats in italy. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which belongs to beta group of coronavirus, can infect multiple host species and causes severe diseases in humans. multiple surveillance and phylogenetic studies suggest a bat origin. in this study, we describe the detection and full genome characterization of two covs closely related to mers-cov from two italian bats, pipistrellus kuhlii and hypsugo savii. | 2017 | 29258555 |
| a recombinant vsv-vectored mers-cov vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and t cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has been a highly threatening zoonotic pathogen since its outbreak in 2012. similar to sars-cov, mers-cov belongs to the coronavirus family and can induce severe respiratory symptoms in humans, with an average case fatality rate of 35% according to the world health organization. spike (s) protein of mers-cov is immunogenic and can induce neutralizing antibodies, thus is a potential major target for vaccine development. here we constructed a ... | 2018 | 29246504 |
| identification of alpha and beta coronavirus in wildlife species in france: bats, rodents, rabbits, and hedgehogs. | coronaviruses are closely monitored in the context of emerging diseases and, as illustrated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov), are known to cross the species barrier and eventually to move from wildlife to humans. knowledge of the diversity of coronaviruses in wildlife is therefore essential to better understand and prevent emergence events. this study explored the presence of coronaviruses in four wild mamma ... | 2017 | 29186061 |
| expression and cleavage of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp3-4 polyprotein induce the formation of double-membrane vesicles that mimic those associated with coronaviral rna replication. | betacoronaviruses, such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), are important pathogens causing potentially lethal infections in humans and animals. coronavirus rna synthesis is thought to be associated with replication organelles (ros) consisting of modified endoplasmic reticulum (er) membranes. these are transformed into double-membrane vesicles (dmvs) containing viral double-stranded rna and into other membranous elements such as convoluted membranes, together forming a re ... | 2017 | 29162711 |
| spectrum of pathogen- and model-specific histopathologies in mouse models of acute pneumonia. | pneumonia may be caused by a wide range of pathogens and is considered the most common infectious cause of death in humans. murine acute lung infection models mirror human pathologies in many aspects and contribute to our understanding of the disease and the development of novel treatment strategies. despite progress in other fields of tissue imaging, histopathology remains the most conclusive and practical read out tool for the descriptive and semiquantitative evaluation of mouse pneumonia and ... | 2017 | 29155867 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is necessary for interferon resistance and viral pathogenesis. | coronaviruses (covs) encode a mixture of highly conserved and novel genes, as well as genetic elements necessary for infection and pathogenesis, raising the possibility of common targets for attenuation and therapeutic design. in this study, we focused on highly conserved nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16), a viral 2'o-methyltransferase (2'o-mtase) that encodes critical functions in immune modulation and infection. using reverse genetics, we disrupted a key motif in the conserved kdke motif of mid ... | 2017 | 29152578 |
| diversity of middle east respiratory syndrome coronaviruses in 109 dromedary camels based on full-genome sequencing, abu dhabi, united arab emirates. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was identified on the arabian peninsula in 2012 and is still causing cases and outbreaks in the middle east. when mers-cov was first identified, the closest related virus was in bats; however, it has since been recognized that dromedary camels serve as a virus reservoir and potential source for human infections. a total of 376 camels were screened for mers-cov at a live animal market in the eastern region of the emirate of abu dhabi, uae. i ... | 2017 | 29116217 |
| knowledge and awareness of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among saudi and non-saudi arabian pilgrims. | the current study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and awareness toward middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) of pilgrims from saudi arabia and from different arabian countries. | 2017 | 29114190 |
| dpp4, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor, is upregulated in lungs of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes pneumonia with a relatively high case fatality rate in humans. smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients have been reported to be more susceptible to mers-cov infection. here, we determined the expression of mers-cov receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp4), in lung tissues of smokers without airflow limitation and copd patients in comparison to nonsmoking individuals (never-smokers). | 2018 | 29020176 |
| cross-sectional study of mers-cov-specific rna and antibodies in animals that have had contact with mers patients in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a newly emerged coronavirus that is associated with a severe respiratory disease in humans in the middle east. the epidemiological profiles of the mers-cov infections suggest zoonotic transmission from an animal reservoir to humans. | 2017 | 28993171 |
| identification of sialic acid-binding function for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) targets the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract both in humans and in its natural host, the dromedary camel. virion attachment to host cells is mediated by 20-nm-long homotrimers of spike envelope protein s. the n-terminal subunit of each s protomer, called s1, folds into four distinct domains designated s1athrough s1dbinding of mers-cov to the cell surface entry receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) occurs via s1bwe now demonstrate ... | 2017 | 28923942 |
| identification of diverse viruses in upper respiratory samples in dromedary camels from united arab emirates. | camels are known carriers for many viral pathogens, including middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). it is likely that there are additional, as yet unidentified viruses in camels with the potential to cause disease in humans. in this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing analysis on nasopharyngeal swab samples from 108 mers-cov-positive dromedary camels from a live animal market in abu dhabi, united arab emirates. we obtained a total of 846.72 million high-quality reads fr ... | 2017 | 28902913 |
| a novel dynamic model describing the spread of the mers-cov and the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4. | the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus, a newly identified pathogen, causes severe pneumonia in humans. mers is caused by a coronavirus known as mers-cov, which attacks the respiratory system. the recently defined receptor for mers-cov, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4), is generally expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells and has been shown to be present on cultured human nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium cells. in this paper, a class of novel four-dimensional dynamic model ... | 2017 | 28894474 |
| the global spread of middle east respiratory syndrome: an analysis fusing traditional epidemiological tracing and molecular phylodynamics. | since its discovery in 2012, over 1700 confirmed cases of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) have been documented worldwide and more than a third of those cases have died. while the greatest number of cases has occurred in saudi arabia, the recent export of mers-coronavirus (mers-cov) to republic of korea showed that a pandemic is a possibility that cannot be ignored. due to the deficit of knowledge in transmission methodology, targeted treatment and possible vaccines, understanding this vi ... | 2016 | 29202063 |
| human coronaviruses: a review of virus-host interactions. | human coronaviruses (hcovs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory outcomes. in the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) have thrust hcovs into spotlight of the research community due to their high pathogenicity in humans. the study of hcov-host interactions has contributed extensively to our understanding of hcov pathogenesis. in this review, we discuss som ... | 2016 | 28933406 |
| [construction and identification of nanobody phage display library targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus]. | objective to construct a phage display library of specific nano-antibodies against the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and apply it to the screening of neutralizing nano-antibodies. methods mers-cov receptor-binding domain (rbd) recombinant protein was used to immunize alpaca. after the last immunization, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were isolated from the whole blood and total rna was extracted. the vhh gene was amplified by pcr and used to construct recomb ... | 2017 | 29382428 |
| transgene expression in the genome of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus based on a novel reverse genetics system utilizing red-mediated recombination cloning. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a high-priority pathogen in pandemic preparedness research. reverse genetics systems are a valuable tool to study viral replication and pathogenesis, design attenuated vaccines and create defined viral assay systems for applications such as antiviral screening. here we present a novel reverse genetics system for mers-cov that involves maintenance of the full-length viral genome as a cdna copy inserted in a bacterial artificial chromosome ... | 2017 | 28984231 |
| discovery of hydrocarbon-stapled short α-helical peptides as promising middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) fusion inhibitors. | the hexameric α-helical coiled-coil formed between the c-terminal and n-terminal heptad repeat (chr and nhr) regions of class i viral fusion proteins plays an important role in mediating the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes and provides a clear starting point for molecular mimicry that drives viral fusion inhibitor design. unfortunately, such peptide mimicry of the short α-helical region in the chr of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) spike protein has been thwart ... | 2018 | 29442512 |
| mental health of nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a mers-cov outbreak: a cross-sectional study. | during an epidemic of a novel infectious disease, many healthcare workers suffer from mental health problems. | 2018 | 29413067 |
| detection of zika virus using reverse-transcription lamp coupled with reverse dot blot analysis in saliva. | in recent years, there have been increasing numbers of infectious disease outbreaks that spread rapidly to population centers resulting from global travel, population vulnerabilities, environmental factors, and ecological disasters such as floods and earthquakes. some examples of the recent outbreaks are the ebola epidemic in west africa, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-co) in the middle east, and the zika outbreak through the americas. we have created a generic protocol for d ... | 2018 | 29401479 |
| the calm before the storm: clinical observations of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) patients. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection emerged in 2012. the majority of cases occurred in the kingdom of saudi arabia and the disease carries a high case fatality rate. | 2018 | 29385908 |
| treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (miracle trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. | it had been more than 5 years since the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (mers-cov) was recorded, but no specific treatment has been investigated in randomized clinical trials. results from in vitro and animal studies suggest that a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β1b (ifn-β1b) may be effective against mers-cov. the aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of treatment with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant ifn-β1b ... | 2018 | 29382391 |
| mers-cov 4b protein interferes with the nf-κb-dependent innate immune response during infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel human coronavirus that emerged in 2012, causing severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), with a case fatality rate of ~36%. when expressed in isolation, cov accessory proteins have been shown to interfere with innate antiviral signaling pathways. however, there is limited information on the specific contribution of mers-cov accessory protein 4b to the repression of the innate antiviral response in the cont ... | 2018 | 29370303 |
| effects of timely control intervention on the spread of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | the 2015 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in korea caused major economic and social problems. the control intervention was conducted during the mers-cov outbreak in korea immediately after the confirmation of the index case. this study investigates whether the early risk communication with the general public and mass media is an effective preventive strategy. | 2017 | 29354394 |
| event based surveillance of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers- cov) in bangladesh among pilgrims and travelers from the middle east: an update for the period 2013-2016. | every year around 150,000 pilgrims from bangladesh perform umrah and hajj. emergence and continuous reporting of mers-cov infection in saudi arabia emphasize the need for surveillance of mers-cov in returning pilgrims or travelers from the middle east and capacity building of health care providers for disease containment. the institute of epidemiology, disease control & research (iedcr) under the bangladesh ministry of health and family welfare (mohfw), is responsible for mers-cov screening of p ... | 2018 | 29337997 |
| [molecular epidemiological study of human coronavirus oc43 in shanghai from 2009-2016]. | objective:to understand the epidemiological characteristics of human coronavirus (hcov), the patterns of emergence and circulation, and the genotype distribution of human coronavirus oc43 (hcov-oc43) from november, 2009 to april, 2016 in shanghai.methods:a total of 6 059 respiratory specimens, including pharyngeal swab, sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirates and alveolar lavage fluid, as well as relative clinical data were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections from seven sentinel h ... | 2018 | 29334709 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is caused by a coronavirus (mers-cov) and is characterized by hypoxemic respiratory failure. the objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of mers-cov patients before and after the availability of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) as a rescue therapy in severely hypoxemic patients who failed conventional strategies. | 2018 | 29330690 |
| safety and tolerability of a novel, polyclonal human anti-mers coronavirus antibody produced from transchromosomic cattle: a phase 1 randomised, double-blind, single-dose-escalation study. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a severe respiratory illness with an overall mortality of 35%. there is no licensed or proven treatment. passive immunotherapy approaches are being developed to prevent and treat several human medical conditions where alternative therapeutic options are absent. we report the safety of a fully human polyclonal igg antibody (sab-301) produced from the hyperimmune plasma of transchromosomic cattle immunised with a mers coronavirus vaccine. | 2018 | 29329957 |
| analysis of the codon usage pattern in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which first broken out in jeddah in 2012, causes a severe acute respiratory illness with a high mortality rate. to better understand the molecular characteristics of isolated mers-cov genomes, we first analysed the codon usage pattern of the zoonotic mers-cov strains comprehensively to gain an insight into the mechanism of cross-species transmission. we found that mers human/camel isolates showed a low codon usage bias. both mutation and n ... | 2017 | 29299151 |
| estimating survival rates in mers-cov patients 14 and 45 days after experiencing symptoms and determining the differences in survival rates by demographic data, disease characteristics and regions: a worldwide study. | although middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has a recorded 5 years of circulation in 27 countries worldwide, there is no international study to assess whether there is variation in mortality by region. neither has there been a comprehensive study detailing how the disease characteristics of mers-cov influence mortality in patients presenting symptoms. this study aimed to assess how region, patient and disease characteristics influence 14- and 45-day mortality in mers patient ... | 2017 | 29271336 |
| identification of residues controlling restriction versus enhancing activities of ifitm proteins on the entry of human coronaviruses. | interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (ifitm) are restriction factors that inhibit the infectious entry of many enveloped rna viruses. however, we demonstrated previously that human ifitm2 and ifitm3 are essential host factors facilitating the entry of human coronavirus (hcov)-oc43. in a continuing effort to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying ifitm differential modulation of hcov entry, we investigated the role of structural motifs important for ifitm protein post-translational modi ... | 2017 | 29263263 |
| coronaviruses and arteriviruses display striking differences in their cyclophilin a-dependence during replication in cell culture. | cyclophilin a (cypa) is an important host factor in the replication of a variety of rna viruses. also the replication of several nidoviruses was reported to depend on cypa, although possibly not to the same extent. these prior studies are difficult to compare, since different nidoviruses, cell lines and experimental set-ups were used. here, we investigated the cypa dependence of three distantly related nidoviruses that can all replicate in huh7 cells: the arterivirus equine arteritis virus (eav) ... | 2017 | 29249267 |
| inactivation of middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in human plasma using amotosalen and ultraviolet a light. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel zoonotic pathogen. although the potential for mers-cov transmission through blood transfusion is not clear, mers-cov was recognized as a pathogen of concern for the safety of the blood supply especially after its detection in whole blood, serum, and plasma of infected individuals. here we investigated the efficacy of amotosalen and ultraviolet a light (uva) to inactivate mers-cov in fresh-frozen plasma (ffp). | 2018 | 29239484 |
| zoonotic origin and transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the uae. | since the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012, there have been a number of clusters of human-to-human transmission. these cases of human-to-human transmission involve close contact and have occurred primarily in healthcare settings, and they are suspected to result from repeated zoonotic introductions. in this study, we sequenced whole mers-cov genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 23 confirmed mers cases in the united arab emirates (ua ... | 2017 | 29239118 |
| the experience of korean nurses during the middle east respiratory syndrome outbreak. | the authors in this article explore the experiences of eight south korean nurses during an outbreak of the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), which took place in the fall of 2015. these nurses were mandated to remain in isolation in an intensive care unit (icu) dedicated to the treatment of the patients with the mers virus for 7 days. parse's humanbecoming theory was used to frame the discussion. three themes found in the nurse's stories are discussed: feeling hopeless and cut off, feeling ... | 2018 | 29235956 |
| definitive diagnosis in suspected middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus cases. | we evaluated the microbiological diagnosis in 14 patients with epidemiological and clinical suspicion of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) attended in a non-endemic area between june 2015 and january 2017. while no mers-cov was detected, other respiratory viruses were identified in 12 cases and mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1 case. | 2018 | 29232459 |
| a multiplex liquid-chip assay based on luminex xmap technology for simultaneous detection of six common respiratory viruses. | we utilized one-step multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and luminex xmap technology to develop a respiratory multiplex liquid-chip assay (rmla) for simultaneous detection of 6 common respiratory viruses, including influenza virus type a (flua) and type b (flub), para-influenza virus type 3 (piv-3), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (mpv) and a threatening virus to china, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). performance of rmla was evaluated by ... | 2017 | 29228581 |
| systemic corticosteroid therapy may delay viral clearance in patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | | 2017 | 29227752 |
| host susceptibility to mers-cov infection, a retrospective cohort study of the 2015 korean mers outbreak. | to evaluate host susceptibility factors to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection, we conducted a retrospective cohort study from the single largest exposure event of the 2015 korean mers outbreak. a total of 175 patients were closely exposed to a super-spreader, 26 of which were infected (14.9%). in a multivariate analysis, history of autologous stem cell transplantation (hr, 31.151; 95% ci, 5.447-178.145; p < 0.001) and tachypnea at ed (hr, 4.392; 95% ci, 1.402-13.76 ... | 2018 | 29223614 |
| an opportunistic pathogen afforded ample opportunities: middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the human coronaviruses (cov) include hcov-229e, hcov-oc43, hcov-nl63, and hcov-hku1, some of which have been known for decades. the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) cov briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. in 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic cov-the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov-was identified in the kingdom of saudi arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. targeted research remains key to developing con ... | 2017 | 29207494 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus papain-like protease 1 antagonizes production of interferon-βthrough its deubiquitinase activity. | coronaviruses (covs), such as human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63), severe acute respiratory syndrome cov (sars-cov), murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), encode papain-like (pl) proteases that inhibit sendai virus- (sev-) induced interferon (ifn-β) production. recently, the crystal structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) pl1 has been solved, which was similar to that of sars-cov pl2pro, w ... | 2017 | 29201911 |
| development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging and re-emerging viruses. | in recent years, unexpected outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses have become more frequent, which is possibly due to environmental changes. these outbreaks result in the loss of life and economic hardship. vaccines and therapeutics should be developed for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. in this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress in the development of small-molecule viral inhibitors against highly pathogenic coronavirus ... | 2017 | 29170916 |
| the french infectious diseases society's readiness and response to epidemic or biological risk-the current situation following the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and ebola virus disease alerts. | in 2012, the french infectious diseases society (french acronym spilf) initiated the "coordination of epidemic and biological risk" (spilf-coreb - emergences [sce]) group to support the readiness and response of healthcare workers (hcws) to new alerts. | 2017 | 29169817 |
| corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with the middle east respiratory syndrome. | corticosteroid therapy is commonly used among critically ill patients with the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), but its impact on outcomes is uncertain. analyses of observational studies often do not account for patients' clinical condition at the time of corticosteroid therapy initiation. | 2017 | 29161116 |
| human monoclonal antibodies as candidate therapeutics against emerging viruses. | the emergence of new pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and ebola virus, poses serious challenges to global public health and highlights the urgent need for novel antiviral approaches. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been successfully used to treat various diseases, particularly cancer and immunological disorders. antigen-specific mabs have been isolated using several different approaches, includ ... | 2017 | 29159596 |
| us federal travel restrictions for persons with higher-risk exposures to communicable diseases of public health concern. | published guidance recommends controlled movement for persons with higher-risk exposures (hres) to communicable diseases of public health concern; us federal public health travel restrictions (phtrs) might be implemented to enforce these measures. we describe persons eligible for and placed on phtrs because of hres during 2014-2016. there were 160 persons placed on phtrs: 142 (89%) involved exposure to ebola virus, 16 (10%) to lassa fever virus, and 2 (1%) to middle east respiratory syndrome cor ... | 2017 | 29155659 |
| human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused human respiratory infections with a high case fatality rate since 2012. however, the mode of virus transmission is not well understood. the findings of epidemiological and virological studies prompted us to hypothesize that the human gastrointestinal tract could serve as an alternative route to acquire mers-cov infection. we demonstrated that human primary intestinal epithelial cells, small intestine explants, and intestinal orga ... | 2017 | 29152574 |
| healthcare worker infected with middle east respiratory syndrome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in korea, 2015. | during the outbreak of the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) in korea in 2015, the korea centers for disease control and prevention (kcdc) confirmed a case of mers in a healthcare worker in daejeon, south korea. to verify the precise route of infection for the case, we conducted an in-depth epidemiological investigation in cooperation with the kcdc. | 2017 | 29129042 |