| immune response of infants and children to low-passage bovine rotavirus (strain wc3). | a bovine rotavirus (strain wc3) was isolated from a calf in pennsylvania and adapted to growth in continuous cercopithecus cell line cv1. a pool for human vaccine trials was produced at the 12th cell culture passage level. after preliminary testing in adults and older children, a dose of 3 x 10(7) plaque-forming units was given by mouth to 52 infants and children aged 5 months to 6 years. no clinical sequelae were detected, and shedding in feces was detected in only 30% of tested infants. a seru ... | 1986 | 3006476 |
| possible sex differences in the susceptibility of calves to rotavirus infection. | the agar gel precipitation test was used to detect rotavirus antibodies in the serum of 562 calves and bovine rotavirus antigen in the feces of 347 calves. significantly more females had rotavirus antibodies in the serum (p less than 0.01) and rotavirus antigen in the feces (p less than 0.1) than did male calves. female buffalo calves were also found to be more susceptible than male buffalo calves to rotavirus infection. | 1986 | 3019501 |
| isolation of cytophatic strains of rotavirus from pigs. | twenty-two rotavirus isolates were recovered from piglets suffering from diarrhea. the isolates readily propagated in ma-104 cell cultures where they induced typical cytopathic effects (cpe) and possessed the physicochemicals properties of the members of rotavirus genus, family reoviridae. the electron microscopy study, conducted in ma-104 infected cells, revealed virus particles which possessed the peculiar morphology of rotavirus. the isolates were neutralized by a reference porcine rotavirus ... | 1986 | 3018451 |
| response of adult human volunteers to oral administration of bovine and bovine/human reassortant rotaviruses. | small groups of adult volunteers, in sequence, were inoculated orally with inactivated purified bovine rotavirus of strain ncdv, with live ncdv purified or unpurified and with two different ncdv x human rotavirus reassortant viruses. one of five volunteers given 200 micrograms of ultravioletinactivated ncdv developed a virus-neutralizing (vn) and a binding antibody response detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). four of 10 volunteers given from 1 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(8) p.f.u. of li ... | 1986 | 3008459 |
| immune response to rotavirus polypeptides after vaccination with heterologous rotavirus vaccines (rit 4237, rrv-1). | the antibody response to individual rotavirus polypeptides after vaccination with live attenuated heterologous rotavirus vaccines was studied with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa). following vaccination with bovine rotavirus strain rit 4237 and rhesus monkey rotavirus strain rrv-1, an antibody response was demonstrated mainly against the inner capsid polypeptides vp2 and vp6 and to a lesser extent against vp3/vp4. there was no qualitative difference between the vaccines in the antibody re ... | 1987 | 3037019 |
| a sensitive plaque assay for bovine rotavirus in cultures of the bovine cell line gbk. | the lincoln strain of bovine rotavirus was found to replicate with cytopathic effects in cultures of gbk cells, a stable cell line derived from bovine kidney, when the cultures were maintained in the presence of trypsin. the virus was readily passaged and the infected cells were shown to contain specific viral antigen by indirect immunofluorescent staining. the virus formed plaques in gbk cell monolayers, when trypsin was incorporated in the agar overlay medium. the plaque count increased about ... | 1987 | 3037767 |
| genetic and antigenic relatedness of human and animal strains of antigenically distinct rotaviruses. | we used nucleic-acid hybridization and enzymatic and immunofluorescence assay to examine the relatedness of human and animal strains of antigenically distinct rotaviruses (adrvs). adrvs isolated from rats and humans in baltimore, maryland, were shown to be closely related to bovine and porcine strains of group b rotavirus. a human group b rotavirus associated with epidemics of gastroenteritis in china was also found to share antigenic determinants and genome sequence homology with adrvs passaged ... | 1986 | 3023498 |
| sialic acid glycoproteins inhibit in vitro and in vivo replication of rotaviruses. | we investigated the interactions of rotaviruses with glycoproteins and cells that support rotaviral replication. we found that a wide range of naturally occurring glycoproteins, including ovalbumins and ovomucoids from chicken and turkey eggs, and mucin derived from bovine submaxillary glands, inhibit the replication of rotaviruses in ma-104 cells. our studies further indicated that the glycoproteins bind directly to rotaviruses and that virus-glycoprotein binding is dependent largely upon inter ... | 1987 | 3025257 |
| combined vaccination with live oral polio vaccine and the bovine rotavirus rit 4237 strain. | a clinical trial was carried out in 3-month-old infants to assess whether concomitant oral administration of live polio and rotavirus rit 4237 vaccines would reduce their immunogenicities as a result of mutual interference. one hundred and sixty breast-fed male and female infants were randomly allocated to four study groups to receive in a blind fashion the poliovirus vaccine, the rit 4237 vaccine, a combination of both vaccines or a placebo preparation. antibody titres were measured in pre- and ... | 1986 | 3026106 |
| three different forms of tubular structures associated with the replication of bovine rotavirus in a tissue culture system. brief report. | we demonstrated by electron microscopy that three different forms of tubular structures are present both within infected cells and in cultured fluid of bovine rotavirus in a tissue culture system. | 1987 | 3026287 |
| [epidemiology of diarrhea caused by escherichia coli and rotavirus in calves and lambs in morocco]. | an epidemiological survey on e coli and rotavirus associated diarrheas in one to twenty five days old calves and lambs was made in three regions: rabat-kenitra, marrakech and agadir. isolated e coli k99 stains have been studied of a biochemical, serotypical (o antigen) and antibiotypical point of view. the identification of rotavirus was made by elisa test. persistence of k99 antigen and heat stable toxin a was examined after a conservation of 5 weeks at - 18 degrees c. the frequency of e coli k ... | 1988 | 3041900 |
| comparison of direct electron microscopy and enzyme immunoassay for the detection of rotaviruses in calves, lambs, piglets and foals. | direct electron microscopy (em) and enzyme-immunoassay (rotazyme) results for the detection of rotaviruses in 346 enteric specimens from calves, lambs, piglets and foals were compared. the rotazyme test was at least 3 times more sensitive than direct em in diagnosing infection. rotavirus antigen was demonstrated by rotazyme in 22% of 280 scour samples and in 27% of 66 samples from non-scouring animals. there was an association between diarrhoea and higher amounts of rotavirus antigen. this preva ... | 1988 | 3041953 |
| reassortment of human rotavirus possessing genome rearrangements with bovine rotavirus: evidence for host cell selection. | mixed infections of secondary rhesus monkey kidney cells with human rotaviruses carrying rearranged genomes and with bovine rotavirus yielded a high percentage of reassortants. the genotypes of 511 plaque-purified clones raised in either ma104 or bsc-1 cells have been determined and the frequencies of different genotypes have been calculated. it was found that reassortants did not emerge at random; there was non-random association of certain genes; the cell line used to isolate reassortants infl ... | 1987 | 3027239 |
| biochemical evidence for the oligomeric arrangement of bovine rotavirus nucleocapsid protein and its possible significance in the immunogenicity of this protein. | the nucleocapsid protein of bovine rotavirus was shown to exist in trimeric units in both the virus particle and in infected cells, with the subunits linked by non-covalent interactions. these trimeric units complex further by disulphide bridges into larger units which may represent the hexameric structures observed by electron microscopy. visualization of various nucleocapsid protein complexes was also achieved on polyacrylamide gels by treating virus preparations with urea at 37 degrees c or b ... | 1987 | 3027240 |
| characterisation of rotavirus isolates from sub-clinically infected calves by genome profile analysis. | rotaviruses isolated from 43 sub-clinically infected calves from a single farm were analysed by genome profile analysis. the isolates showed genomic variation and eight different profiles were observed, including one which was atypical for group a rotaviruses. the 3' terminal labelling method for the analysis of genome profiles used in this study required only 1 ng of viral rna, an increase of 1000-fold in sensitivity over ethidium bromide staining for detecting all rotavirus genome segments. ho ... | 1987 | 3027953 |
| [attenuated vaccine against rota- and coronavirus enteritis in calves]. | tested was the effect of the bulgarian attenuated vaccine of rota- and corona-viruses 'poko-81', via treatment of dry and freshly calved cows (injected into the udder) and newborn calves (peritoneal injection). it was found that calves fed three times daily on milk obtained from cows that had had intramammary injections did not develop clinical signs of a disease following experimental infection with rota- and corona-viruses. when the cows on infected farms were treated in the same way the disea ... | 1986 | 3027956 |
| prevalence of antibody to group b (atypical) rotavirus in humans and animals. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for the detection of group b rotavirus antigen and antibody. the specificities of both assays were evaluated for antigens and serum specific for rotavirus groups a to d. serum collected in the united kingdom from different animal species exhibited the following high prevalence of group b rotavirus-specific antibody: pigs, 97%; cattle, 71%; sheep, 91%; and goats, 91%. in human serum, a lower prevalence of group b-specific antibody was detected; se ... | 1987 | 3029164 |
| use of protein a in the serum-in-agar diffusion method in immune electron microscopy for detection of virus particles in cell culture. | a modified technique using protein a in the serum-in-agar (sia) method for immune electron microscopy (iem) was presented. grids coated with staphylococcal protein a were floated on samples mounted on agar containing 2% antiserum and incubated at 37 c, for 60 min. after washing and staining, the grids were observed in an electron microscope. the effects of protein a on virus detection were evaluated using poliovirus and bovine rotavirus infected cell culture fluids. the results showed that the t ... | 1986 | 3099132 |
| isolation and characterization of two group a rotaviruses with unusual genome profiles. | analysis of the genomic dsrna of rotaviruses isolated from calves with subclinical infections has revealed eight calves excreting group a viruses with unusual genome profiles. two of these virus strains, c7-176 and c7-183, were grown and cloned by plaque purification in cell culture. examination of their genome profiles after cloning showed that the unusual pattern had been retained. they were without rna segment 11 but had an extra band (6a) migrating between segments 6 and 7. however, they con ... | 1987 | 3029296 |
| [virus carriers: analysis of states of equilibrium between the virus and its host]. | the various mechanisms of virus persistence are described. four kinds of virus persistence are presented, depending on their epidemiological significance, persistence associated with continuous multiplication and transmission (feline calicivirus, calf rotavirus); persistence associated with continuous multiplication but discontinuous transmission (equine infectious anemia retrovirus); persistence with continuous multiplication associated with immunotolerance (feline leukaemia retrovirus; mucosal ... | 1987 | 3122626 |
| [a new polyvalent vaccine against enteral infections in newborn calves]. | the most frequent microbial causative agents of massive diarrheas in new-born calves kept on large cattle farms in the cssr are rotaviruses, coronaviruses and enterotoxigenic strains of e. coli, manifesting themselves as complicated virus-bacterial infections. an inactivated polyvalent adjuvant vaccine has been developed for the prevention and specific prophylaxis of these enteral infections; the vaccine contains bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and three enterotoxigenic serotypes of e. coli ... | 1987 | 3029935 |
| detection of serum antibody responses to rit 4237 rotavirus vaccine by elisa and neutralization assays. | immunoglobulin class-specific determination by elisa and a virus neutralization test (nt) were compared for the detection of the serum antibody responses after vaccination of infants with the rit 4237 rotavirus vaccine (of bovine origin). a capture method was applied for specific igm determination by elisa because of its greater sensitivity and reproducibility over the conventional elisa-igm test. nt was improved through the use of an enzyme-labelled antibody for the detection of non-neutralized ... | 1987 | 3031200 |
| neonatal rotavirus vaccination with rit 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine: a preliminary report. | we vaccinated 244 newborn infants orally with rit 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine or placebo and followed them serologically and clinically for 16 months. initially 39 of the 119 (33%) vaccine recipients compared with 1 of the 120 placebo recipients seroconverted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-immunoglobulin m. after the first winter rotavirus season, at 7 months of age 55% of the vaccinated infants and 37% of the unvaccinated infants were rotavirus-seropositive by enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 1987 | 3031574 |
| shedding of enteric coronavirus in adult cattle. | electron microscopic examination of fecal specimens from adult dairy cows indicated seasonal coronavirus shedding. fifty-two cows from a 300 cow herd were monitored for shedding of coronavirus. approximately 50% to 60% of the cows monitored shed coronavirus during the winter months (november to march) of the first year of the study. during 2 subsequent years of monitoring the same cows, 20% to 30% of the cows shed coronavirus during the winter months. virus shedding was not detected during the s ... | 1987 | 3032023 |
| comparison of electron microscopy with three commercial tests for the detection of rotavirus in animal feces. | three commercial test kits were evaluated to detect the presence of rotavirus antigens in bovine, porcine, and turkey feces. two of the assays, rotalex (medical technology corporation, somerset, nj) and virogen-rotatest (wampole labs, cranbury, nj) are latex agglutination tests (la), while the third, pathfinder (kallestad, austin, tx) is an enzyme immunoassay. the clinical usefulness of these assays was elevated by comparing their results with those of direct electron microscopy (em). a total of ... | 1987 | 3032502 |
| diagnosis of giardia infection in 14 calves. | fourteen calves, 12 days to 12 weeks old, were treated for diarrhea. fecal examination for parasitologic, bacteriologic, or viral infection revealed giardia in all calves; rotavirus and coronavirus were found in some calves. thirteen affected calves were treated orally with dimetridazole (50 mg/kg of body weight, daily, for 5 days), with complete resolution of the diarrhea and elimination of the giardia. giardiasis should be considered as an etiologic agent of diarrhea in calves. | 1987 | 3679973 |
| effect of vaccination of the dam on rotavirus infection in young calves. | vaccination of cows with a combined, inactivated, adjuvanted rotavirus and escherichia coli vaccine resulted in increased neutralising antibody titres to rotavirus in serum and colostral whey. evidence was obtained that vaccination resulted in a decreased incidence of rotavirus shedding and of abnormal faeces or diarrhoea in young calves fed colostrum and milk from the vaccinated dams. the e coli component of the vaccine was not evaluated because no natural challenge was evident. | 1987 | 3033870 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves. | faeces samples were collected from 302 untreated calves on the day of onset of diarrhoea and from 49 healthy calves at 32 farms experiencing outbreaks of diarrhoea. at least four diarrhoeic calves were sampled on each farm, and samples were examined for rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and salmonella species. although all these enteropathogens were excreted more frequently by the diarrhoeic than by the healthy calves, the difference was significant overal ... | 1986 | 3750766 |
| microbiology of calf diarrhoea in southern britain. | faeces samples from calves with diarrhoea in 45 outbreaks were examined for six enteropathogens. rotavirus and coronavirus were detected by elisa in 208 (42 per cent) and 69 (14 per cent) of 490 calves respectively; calici-like viruses were detected by electron microscopy in 14 of 132 calves (11 per cent). cryptosporidium were detected in 106 of 465 (23 per cent), salmonella species in 58 of 490 (12 per cent) and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli bearing the k99 adhesin (k99+ e coli) in nine of 3 ... | 1986 | 3750767 |
| [viral and bacterial shedding in calves raised under commercial conditions]. | etiological, clinical, and epizootiological studies were carried out with newborn calves on two cow complexes of 500 animals each, raised under industrial conditions. virologic and bacteriologic investigations of a total of 300 fecal samples taken from both calves and dams on the day of calving up to the 10th day as well as on the 20th and 30th day revealed that in 90 per cent of the cases there were rotaviruses. with calves that remained with the cows up to the 72nd hour 30 to 50 per cent of th ... | 1986 | 3811211 |
| serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos). | sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ... | 1987 | 3826854 |
| further analysis of the role of calcium in rotavirus morphogenesis. | previously we reported that calcium plays an important role in the maturation of bovine rotavirus (m. s. shahrabadi and p. w. k. lee, 1986. virology 152, 298-307). we now demonstrate that the formation of mature double-shelled (l) particles was strictly dependent on the concentration of calcium present in the growth medium. the formation of single-shelled (d) particles did not appear to be a calcium-mediated process. subsequent labeling studies using 45ca revealed that calcium was incorporated i ... | 1987 | 3033883 |
| epidemiologic and genomic study of rotavirus strains infecting young children and calves in the same rural environment. | the epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection in young calves and young children form the same rural environment in france was studied during autumn-winter 1983-1984. viruses were isolated from calves on each farm and were identified by their electropherotype for 8 out of the 9 farms under study. among 13 children regularly checked on 9 farms for 25 weeks, 7 were found to be rotavirus positive. nevertheless, no transfer of virus between child and bovine was documented by the electropherotyp ... | 1986 | 3021523 |
| induction and characterization of swine beta interferon. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) strain "h" and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) were used for interferon (ifn) induction in secondary pig kidney cells. a functional ifn system was detected and characterized. a wide similarity with the correspondent human and bovine systems was appreciated, with particular regard to the kinetics of synthesis. a glycosylated protein was essential for activity in bovine cells, but not in swine cells. poly i:c proved to be a very weak inducer, even in condit ... | 1987 | 3034503 |
| field trial evaluation of an inactivated rotavirus vaccine against neonatal diarrhea of calves. | field trials were conducted using an inactivated rotavirus vaccine for prevention of calf neonatal diarrhea. for the trials, 458 pregnant cows from 26 herds were involved. in each herd, cows which had been inseminated within a period of two months were selected and randomly subdivided in two groups. cows in one group (248 head in total) were vaccinated 6 weeks before calving and again 4 weeks later; cows in the other group (210 head in total) were left as unvaccinated controls. at calving, colos ... | 1987 | 3034660 |
| new enteric vaccines: application of new knowledge of receptors and recognition in enteric infections. | advances in understanding of the "receptors and recognition" mechanisms of virulence factors of enteric pathogens have been important in the development of enteric vaccines. sophisticated techniques of molecular biology have proved essential to this endeavour. this review summarizes progress in development of vaccines against disease due to vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella and rotavirus enteric infections. all of these vaccines are undergoing, or are about to undergo ... | 1985 | 3913065 |
| incidence of rotavirus in beef herds in argentina. | faecal samples were collected from 177 diarrhoeic and 40 healthy calves from 19 farms in buenos aires state, argentina during 1984 and 1985. samples were examined for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of their genomic rna segments. rotavirus was found in 95 samples of diarrhoeic calves (53 per cent) and in three healthy calves (7 per cent). all positive samples were tentatively classified as group a on the basis of electropheroty ... | 1987 | 3035664 |
| clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines. | the clinical efficacy of candidate rotavirus vaccines has been tested in tampere, finland, over four winter and spring rotavirus epidemic seasons in 1983-1986. testing against natural challenge has demonstrated that heterologous oral rotavirus vaccines induce cross-protection to human rotavirus diarrhoea. the trials have also given insight into mechanisms of protection in human rotavirus diarrhoea. after the oral vaccination of infants aged six to 12 months the highly attenuated bovine rotavirus ... | 1987 | 3036442 |
| protection between different serotypes of bovine rotavirus in gnotobiotic calves: specificity of serum antibody and coproantibody responses. | in a previous study, different u.s. isolates of bovine rotavirus were studied for their serotypes and cross-protective properties (g. n. woode, n. e. kelso, t. f. simpson, s. k. gaul, l. e. evans, and l. babiuk, j. clin. microbiol. 18:358-364, 1983). three viruses belonging to two different serotype groups were used as vaccines in gnotobiotic calves, which were subsequently challenged with b641 or b223, representing the two bovine serotypes. in the present work, the experiments were repeated wit ... | 1987 | 3036908 |
| bovine milk immunoglobulins for passive immunity to infantile rotavirus gastroenteritis. | pregnant cows were successfully hyperimmunized with all four human rotavirus serotypes, resulting in a 100-fold increase in neutralizing milk antibody titers over those of controls. milk antibodies were isolated batchwise from 1,000 kg of pooled milk for the first 10 lactation days, yielding 10 kg of freeze-dried milk immunoglobulin concentrate consisting of 50% bovine milk immunoglobulins. milk immunoglobulin concentrate showed neutralizing activities against all four human rotavirus serotypes ... | 1987 | 3036910 |
| genetic analysis of a human rotavirus that belongs to subgroup i but has an rna pattern typical of subgroup ii human rotaviruses. | we have previously found (o. nakagomi, t. nakagomi, h. oyamada, and t. suto, j. med. virol. 17:29-34, 1985), during an epidemiological study in japan, a novel human rotavirus that belongs to subgroup i but has a long rna pattern typical of subgroup ii human rotaviruses. from the stool specimen containing this virus, we successfully isolated in ma104 cells a rotavirus, designated au-1, which possesses these novel characteristics. the possibility that strain au-1 was a laboratory contaminant of an ... | 1987 | 3038947 |
| expression of a major bovine rotavirus neutralisation antigen (vp7c) in escherichia coli. | sequences from genomic rna segment 8 of the united kingdom tissue-culture (t.c.)-adapted bovine rotavirus encoding a major viral neutralisation antigen vp7c have been expressed in escherichia coli. expression under the regulated control of the bacteriophage lambda pr promoter was as a c-terminal extension to e. coli beta-galactosidase (beta gal). following temperature induction, high levels of the fusion protein were synthesised and accumulated in induced cells, making up 5%-15% of total bacteri ... | 1987 | 3040532 |
| preliminary characterization of an inhibitory activity of fetal bovine serum on the infectivity of rotavirus strain sa-11. | in the present work we studied non antibody inhibiting activity present in fetal bovine serum and active to rotavirus infectivity and growth in cell cultures. this inhibitor was revealed by an in vitro neutralization test and characterized by gel filtration and chemical and enzymatic treatments. furthermore, commercial preparations of bovine serum proteins were tested for inhibitory activity. our results show that serum inhibition is partially resistant to trypsin and neuraminidase treatments bu ... | 1987 | 3041181 |
| [pro-allergy role of infection. a component of the mode of reacting]. | no organism from the cradle lives germ-free or allergen-free. the modalities by which infections facilitate conditions of abnormal reactivity, in particular respiratory asthma and allergy to cow milk proteins, are examined. 216 asthmatic children and 50 infants with rotavirus enteritis have been considered. infections, besides representing stimuli directly projected on the immune system, also constitute factors which more generally influence the way of reacting. | 1988 | 3050902 |
| ileal peyer's patches in experimental infections of calves with rotaviruses and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli: a light and electron microscopic and enzyme histochemical study. | the effect of rotaviruses and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli administered in various sequences to cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived calves was studied using light and electron microscopy. the structure of the lymphoid tissue in the ileum, the number of mitoses in the crypts, number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and enzyme histochemistry (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, beta-galactosidase, and leucinaminopeptidase) of the ileal dome epithelium were evaluated ... | 1986 | 3080839 |
| enzyme histochemistry of the small intestinal mucosa in experimental infections of calves with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | the effect of rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, administered in different sequences, on alkaline and acid phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase, beta-galactosidase, and succinicdehydrogenase of the intestinal mucosa of cesarian-derived, colostrum-deprived calves was investigated. decrease in enzyme activity was most prominent in dual infections; it also occurred in parts of the small intestine in monoinfected animals. increases in enzyme activity involved totally either one or all tiss ... | 1986 | 3083572 |
| rna-binding proteins of coronavirus mhv: detection of monomeric and multimeric n protein with an rna overlay-protein blot assay. | rna-binding proteins of coronavirus mhv-a59 were identified using an rna overlay-protein blot assay (ropba). the major viral rna-binding protein in virions and infected cells was the phosphorylated nucleocapsid protein n (50k). a new 140k virus structural protein was identified as a minor rna-binding protein both in virions and in infected cells. the 140k protein was antigenically related to n, and upon reduction, yielded only 50k n. thus, the 140k protein is probably a trimer of n subunits link ... | 1986 | 3083580 |
| [the complex etiology of epidemic diseases in calves on large-capacity farms and their clinical and epizootic characteristics]. | it is not easy to exactly diagnose the etiology of the mass infections of new-born calves on large farms where considerable losses are suffered. on the basis of the complex epizootological, clinical and laboratory examination in four large calf-rearing facilities, rotaviruses, coronaviruses, the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus and the bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus, and in some cases also the enteropathogenic e. coli, were found to be etiologically involved in the mass rise of ... | 1986 | 3094227 |
| use of bovine milk concentrate containing antibody to rotavirus to treat rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. | the use of a concentrate containing milk immunoglobulins prepared from rotavirus-hyperimmunized cows (neutralization titer, 1:6,000 for a 10% solution) to treat infants hospitalized for acute rotavirus gastroenteritis resulted in a significant (p = .008) reduction in the duration of excretion of virus. stool samples from treated infants showed the presence of bovine milk immunoglobulins in 47% of cases and of neutralizing activity in 43% (mean neutralization titer, 1:48); stool samples from cont ... | 1987 | 3110303 |
| pathology of calves with diarrhoea in southern britain. | twenty-one moribund calves with diarrhoea were purchased from 11 farms, their faeces examined for enteropathogens and samples of intestinal tissue removed under anaesthesia. lesions and presence of enteropathogens on the mucosal surface were scored by histological examination of immunostained paraffin sections. two or more enteropathogens were detected in 19 calves. cryptosporidium appeared to be the principal cause of diarrhoea in six calves, rotavirus in four, salmonella typhimurium in two, ba ... | 1988 | 3194595 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the serotype-specific antigen of human (wa) rotavirus: comparison with the homologous genes from simian sa11 and uk bovine rotaviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of human (wa) rotavirus genome segment 9, which encodes the serotype-specific antigen vp7, has been determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of wa vp7 protein to the sequences of simian sa11 and uk bovine vp7 proteins shows that the majority of the amino acid differences are clustered between amino acid residues 37 through 49, 65 through 75, 87 through 105, 122 through 126, 146 through 149, 178 through 181, and 208 through 242. a hydrophilicity profile of ... | 1984 | 6088808 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in the feces of healthy beef calves. | fecal specimens from 136 healthy beef calves (1 day to 12 weeks of age) were examined for the presence of infectious agents known to cause enteric disease in calves. the calves were selected from 22 herds in which all calves were free of clinically apparent enteric disease. salmonella sp, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, cryptosporidium, and coronavirus were not detected in any of the calves. three calves were infected with rotavirus and 1 calf was infected with yersinia enterocolitica. campylo ... | 1984 | 6089621 |
| factors affecting antibody response of newborns to repeated administrations of the rotavirus vaccine rit 4237. | the safety and immunogenicity of repeated doses of rit 4237, an oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine of bovine origin, as well as the influence of gastric acidity and maternal antibodies on the vaccine "take rate" were studied in newborns. the vaccine was given orally on the first day of life, at 1 month, and at 2 months of age. fifty-seven newborns entered the study but only 36 completed the trial. no adverse reaction was observed after vaccination. immune responses were evaluated by titratin ... | 1987 | 3430259 |
| effects of microbial and host variables on the interaction of rotavirus and escherichia coli infections in gnotobiotic calves. | naturally occurring mixed infections with escherichia coli and rotavirus have been associated with fatal diarrhea of calves about 1 week old. experiments were designed to reproduce this syndrome in gnotobiotic calves. clinical, microbiological, and pathologic data were used to assess severity of disease and mechanisms of the interaction between the 2 infections. an initial study involved 5- to 8-day-old gnotobiotic calves inoculated with a strain of enterotoxigenic e coli (etec) and a strain of ... | 1986 | 3527001 |
| safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine rit 4237 in 3-month-old infants. | to assess the safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine, we administered attenuated strain rit 4237 to 54 inner-city infants randomized to one of three groups in a double-blind fashion to receive a dose at 3 and 5 months of age of either placebo, vaccine virus at 10(7) tcid50/ml, or vaccine virus at 10(8) tcid50/ml. vaccination began in early fall 1984, and continued through spring 1985. forty-nine infants received one dose of vaccine or placebo; 43 received both doses of vaccine or ... | 1986 | 3537248 |
| rotavirus-specific antibodies in fetal bovine serum and commercial preparations of serum albumin. | rotavirus-specific antibodies were detected in fetal bovine serum, bovine serum albumin, and human serum albumin by radioimmunoprecipitation with the ncdv strain of bovine rotavirus as the detecting antigen. fetal bovine sera neutralized bovine rotavirus in a plaque reduction neutralization test to titers of 1:20 or greater. immunoglobulins purified from fetal bovine serum by protein a-agarose affinity chromatography precipitated rotavirus antigens but did not neutralize bovine rotavirus. rotavi ... | 1984 | 6092417 |
| bovine rotavirus serotypes and their significance for immunization. | neutralization assays on calf fecal rotavirus with antisera to two previously described bovine rotavirus serotypes allowed the isolation of four rotaviruses belonging to a distinct third serotype. in a survey of 85 calf isolates, 80 rotaviruses belonged to serotype 1 (91%), 1 belonged to serotype 2 (1%), and 4 belonged to serotype 3 (5%). serotypes 1 and 2 were shown to not cross-protect in a passive immunization experiment in gnotobiotic lambs. ingestion of specific antiserum protected against ... | 1984 | 6092421 |
| cloning of bovine rotavirus (rf strain): nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the major capsid protein. | the genes of the rf strain of bovine rotavirus have been cloned into pbr 322 following the synthesis and hybridization of cdna transcribed from both strands of in vitro polyadenylated genomic rna. cloned rotavirus dnas were assigned to most of the 11 genomic rna segments by northern blot hybridization. the complete sequence of gene 6 that codes for the major inner capsid protein has been determined. the gene is 1356 nucleotides long and possesses an unique long open reading frame that could enco ... | 1984 | 6093360 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of the 6-substituted 2-(3',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-2h-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridines mdl 20,610, mdl 20,646, and mdl 20,957. | the 6-substituted 2-(3',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-2h-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridines mdl 20,610 (6-so2ch3), mdl 20,646 (6-br), and mdl 20,957 (6-cl) are potent antirhinovirus compounds with median plaque 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic1/2s) of 0.03, 0.006, and 0.006 micrograms/ml, respectively, against the 32 serotypes evaluated. the 6-halogenated analogs produced 99% reductions in progeny virion yields at concentrations as low as 0.004 micrograms/ml. however, these analogs perturbated hela cell metabolism a ... | 1986 | 3593475 |
| milk fat and gastrointestinal illness. | the population of a pediatric practice was followed prospectively and determinants of acute gastrointestinal illness were evaluated in a nested age-matched case-control study. children over age one taking low fat milk as their only milk source in the three weeks prior to illness had five times the risk of a doctor's visit for acute gastrointestinal illness as did children taking only whole milk during the same time period. this increased risk could not be explained by numerous potentially confou ... | 1984 | 6095691 |
| [cow's milk, in the therapy of rotavirus enteritis]. | | 1986 | 3738147 |
| [immunofluorescent diagnosis of rota-, corona- and pestivirus infections in calves]. | bovine hyperimmune fluorescent sera were obtained for indication of the rota- and corona-virus infections in calves, which were highly specific and of immunofluorescent titers within the 1:32-64 range. their testing was carried out via the direct immunofluorescence method, using histologic cross-sectioned material and impression preparations of the mucous membrane of calves died of enteritis as well as cell cultures of fetal calf kidney and organic cultures of calf trachea all contaminated, resp ... | 1984 | 6098987 |
| [virological and bacteriological research on the etiology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves]. | virologic and bacteriologic studies were carried out of samples taken from calves with clinical gastroenteritis and from calves that died at the age of 2 to 10 days. a total of 199 samples were investigated of calves on 48 cattle-breeding farms. in 69 of the cases (34.2 per cent) strains of escherichia coli were isolated, prevailing being those of the o8, o9, o15, o21, o26, o55, and o78 serogroups. three of the strains isolated from fecal samples of clinically affected calves possessed the k99 a ... | 1984 | 6099625 |
| [use of colloidal gold in ultrastructural cytochemistry]. | colloid gold stabilized by macromolecules with various binding characteristics proved to be usable in transmission electron microscopy: nucleic acids localization was studied in tissue cultures after embedding by techniques autoimmune serum-protein a--gold and rnase--gold. technique with serum autoantibodies against double-stranded dna resulted in marking condensed chromatin. further experiments with ultrastructural localization of other autoimmune components seemed to be perspective and of diag ... | 1985 | 3882253 |
| characterization of the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis. | in the first part of the present study the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis were examined. the occurrence, number, and pathogenic properties of escherichia coli in barnyard soils were obtained from six cattle ranches. the o and k serogroups of e. coli isolates obtained from the feces of calves with colibacillosis born at these cattle ranches were determined, and their serotypes were compared with the e. coli o and k serotypes found in soils. the resul ... | 1985 | 3890744 |
| immunogenicity and safety of live oral attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain rit 4237 in adults and young children. | a candidate oral live rotavirus vaccine, strain rit 4237, of bovine origin, was tested for immunogenicity and safety in man. in adults the vaccine did not cause clinical symptoms, and a booster response in rotavirus serum antibodies was seen in 2/20 subjects. in seronegative young children one oral dose induced seroconversion to homologous virus in 15/17 (88%) children seronegative by enzyme immunoassay and in 13/19 (68%) children seronegative by a neutralisation assay. the vaccine did not produ ... | 1983 | 6137646 |
| prevention of rotavirus infection by cow colostrum antibody against human rotaviruses. | | 1983 | 6138575 |
| clinical efficacy of the rit 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine in infants vaccinated before a rotavirus epidemic. | in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 331 infants aged 6 to 12 months received orally, at an interval of 1 month, either two doses of live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain rit 4237 or equivalent placebo. the vaccinations were carried out during september to november, a non-rotavirus season; only three cases of rotavirus diarrhea occurred in the study group before the vaccinations were completed. during the epidemic season from december to may, 31 patients with clinic ... | 1985 | 3894608 |
| [acetone-celloidin method for the cytological and immunofluorescent study of cell cultures infected with various viruses]. | a method was worked out for the extraction of a cell monolayer from test tubes with the use of 10 per cent acetone solution of celloidin. this made it possible to carry out parallel cytologic and immunofluorescent studies of cultures infected with various viruses. in contrast to the alcohol-ether celloidin used in histology the use of the acetone solution of celloidin, suggested by us, preserved to a larger extent the viruses of different structure and composition, and, therefore, was shown to b ... | 1985 | 3909629 |
| plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin levels in gnotobiotic calves infected with enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic viruses. | five gnotobiotic calves were each infected with five viruses. each calf was inoculated with coronavirus at seven days old, followed by astrovirus, newbury agent, parainfluenzavirus type 3 and rotavirus at intervals of two weeks. three of the viruses were enteropathogenic (bovine coronavirus, bovine calici-like virus and bovine rotavirus) and two were not (bovine astrovirus and parainfluenzavirus type 3). plasma levels of the peptide hormones enteroglucagon and neurotensin and faecal output were ... | 1985 | 3919434 |
| [phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes in calves from birth to 3 months of age]. | forty-three calves of various age from the day of birth to the age of three months were subjected to the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (hema) particle phagocytosis test. significant differences in the phagocytic activity of blood leucocytes were recorded, all depending on age. new-born calves had very low phagocytic activity: only 16.5% of the leucocytes were found to be phagocytic, the phagocytic index being 0.39. a rapid increase in phagocytic activity was recorded during the subsequent days. at ... | 1985 | 3927564 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a low passage level bovine rotavirus candidate vaccine rit 4256 in human adults and young infants. | a candidate rotavirus vaccine rit 4256, derived from nebraska calf diarrhea virus by 21 tissue culture passages, was tested in humans and compared with the rit 4237 vaccine derived from the same stem virus by 147 tissue culture passages. the low passage strain rit 4256 was first tested in adult volunteers for immunogenicity and safety: a serological response was seen in 9/18 (50%) vaccinees; three subjects had a mild fever reaction attributable to the vaccine. in 6 month old children the rit 425 ... | 1987 | 3037812 |
| vaccination of young foxes (vulpes vulpes, l.) against rabies: trials with inactivated vaccine administered by oral and parenteral routes. | foxes aged between two and three months were vaccinated with an inactivated rabies vaccine. three immunization procedures were attempted: a first group of animals was parenterally injected while two other groups daily ingested during ten days either an uncoated vaccine (commercially available liquid form: rabisin) or a coated vaccine (gastro-resistant tablets) associated with a potential enteropathogenic virus (bovine rotavirus). the latter viral association was used in order to see if seroconve ... | 1985 | 4091486 |
| the major surface glycoprotein of simian rotavirus (sa11) contains distinct epitopes. | the polypeptide specificities on monoclonal antibodies previously derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human strains of rotavirus were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates. all the monoclonal antibodies derived using nic and wa were found to be directed against the major component of the inner capsid, while most of the sa11 monoclones were directed against the major outer capsid glycoprotein. when several sa11 glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies ... | 1984 | 6085822 |
| the efficacy of colostrum from cows vaccinated with rotavirus in protecting calves to experimentally induced rotavirus infection. | calves which were continuously fed colostrum from vaccinated cows for the first ten days of life, were fully refractory to experimental infection with strain 81/36 f of bovine rotavirus. by contrast, the response to virus exposure of calves which were treated with normal colostrum was identical to that of the control calves, in that they underwent severe diarrhea and a significant slowing of the growth rate. the antibody titer in the milk of vaccinated cows tends to decline rapidly so that it no ... | 1984 | 6086224 |
| antigenic relationships between rotaviruses from different species as studied by neutralization and immunofluorescence. | antigenic relationships between the wa, hochi, ito, hosokawa and nemoto strains of human rotavirus, the sa-11 strain of simian rotavirus, the lincoln strain of bovine rotavirus, the osu strain of porcine rotavirus and the r-2 strain of lapine rotavirus, which were all established in cell culture, were studied by neutralization (nt) and immunofluorescence (if) using guinea pig antisera against these strains. the strains could not be distinguished by indirect if staining of infected cells because ... | 1982 | 6181760 |
| prevalence of antibody to rotavirus in moroccan cattle. | a serological survey was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of antirotavirus antibodies in moroccan cattle under different management conditions. from the 493 serum samples examined, 325 (65.9%) were found positive, using a counter-immunoelectroosmophoresis technique. animals of indigenous breed coming from farms with rapid turnover or large number of animals, or having frequent contacts with imported cattle, had a higher rate of seropositivity; however, positive sera were also fou ... | 1984 | 6086226 |
| serotypic similarity and diversity of rotaviruses of mammalian and avian origin as studied by plaque-reduction neutralization. | a total of 16 different strains of rotavirus derived from seven mammalian species (four each from human and porcine species, two each from equine and simian species, and one each from canine and bovine species) and two avian species (one each from turkeys and chickens) were examined in plaque-reduction neutralization tests. seven antigenically distinct serotypes were established on the basis of a greater than or equal to 20-fold difference between titers of homologous and heterologous reciprocal ... | 1984 | 6202807 |
| antigenic and pathogenic relationships of three bovine rotaviruses and a porcine rotavirus. | the antigenic relationships between three bovine rotaviruses, uk, cp-1 and pp-1, and a porcine rotavirus were investigated; their pathogenicity for piglets was also assessed. after propagation and cloning in cell culture, the four viruses were used to produce convalescent and hyperimmune antisera in gnotobiotic animals. for the uk and pp-1 viruses, reciprocal virus neutralization tests gave ratios of homologous to heterologous titres in the range 57 to greater than 2300. taking a 20-fold differe ... | 1984 | 6086808 |
| oligosaccharide composition of calf rotavirus. | the oligosaccharides of the structural glycoprotein (vp7) of calf rotavirus were characterized. the precursor of vp7 produced in infected cells in the presence of tunicamycin migrated on sds-polyacrylamide gels with an apparent molecular weight 6000 less than the glycosylated glycoprotein. endoglycosidase (endo) h digestion of the mature virus resulted in a decrease of 5000 in the molecular weight of vp7 in two discrete stages. analysis of endo h-treated, 3h-labelled digestion products of vp7 on ... | 1984 | 6086809 |
| comparison of bovine, simian and human rotavirus structural glycoproteins. | the structural glycoproteins of calf (bdv 486), human (wa) and simian (sa11) rotaviruses were compared for sensitivity to endoglycosidase (endo) h. the calf and human virus glycoproteins were reduced by approximately 5000 molecular weight in two equal stages. the simian rotavirus glycoprotein sustained only one 2500 molecular weight decrease. the effect of the host cell on the viral oligosaccharide composition was examined. endo h digests of calf rotavirus 82-124 extracted from stool and its pro ... | 1984 | 6086812 |
| identification of a bovine rotavirus gene and gene product influencing cellular attachment. | preliminary characterization of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive bovine rotavirus mutants, generated via gene reassortment, indicated that the product of gene segment 10 can influence virus adsorption to ma-104 cells. cell-free translation of this gene segment in a rabbit reticulocyte system was then utilized to identify a polypeptide with a molecular weight of ca. 21,500 as the primary translation product. this identification provides a basis for further studies of rotavirus assembly a ... | 1984 | 6086958 |
| monoclonal antibodies against bovine immunoglobulins and their use in isotype-specific elisas for rotavirus antibody. | monoclonal antibodies (mca) against bovine immunoglobulin (big) isotypes were produced and characterized. mcas were obtained which react specifically with igg, igg1, igg2 or iga while mcas against igm showed a partial cross-reaction with affinity purified iga. mcas with optimal characteristics for application in elisa were selected and used as conjugates in an indirect double antibody sandwich assay (idas) and as the capturing antibody in an antibody capture assay (aca) for the isotype-specific ... | 1984 | 6088636 |
| subgrouping of human rotavirus strains by complement fixation, indirect double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and solid-phase immune electron microscopy. | complement fixation (cf), indirect double-antibody sandwich (das) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and solid-phase immune electron microscopy (spiem) were compared for their ability to subgroup 73 human rotavirus (hrv) strains from infants and young children with gastroenteritis admitted to one or the other of two different hospitals of northern italy. by both indirect das elisa and spiem all 73 hrv strains were classified into one or the other of two subgroups. by cf only 67 strains co ... | 1984 | 6089702 |
| comparative study of bovine rotavirus isolates by plaque assay. | rotaviruses were isolated on bsc-1 cells from counterimmunoelectrophoresis and/or electron microscopy positive intestinal contents from two asymptomatic and six diarrheic calves from quebec. the plaque assay was performed using these lines and agar overlay medium containing trypsin and deae-dextran. this assay was used to compare the quebec isolates to an attenuated american strain (ncdv) and another strain (th) obtained from france. the ncdv strain produced plaques that were significantly large ... | 1984 | 6089982 |
| [use of immunofluorescence technic for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in the calf]. | a methodical account is given of possible applications of the immuno-fluorescence technique in the diagnosis of rotavirus infection of calf. the technique has proved suitable for routine checks for both its low input in terms of method and hardware and its potential of diagnostic information. the two latter methods are best applicable under routine conditions to testing of faeces-inoculated cell cultures as well as to the detection of rotavirus from faecal smears and frozen intestinal sections. ... | 1981 | 6264881 |
| prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus antigens in the feces of normal cows. | the prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus shedding by adult cows was investigated using capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. fecal samples from 121 cows in a single herd were tested for the presence of rotavirus and coronavirus, either free or complexed with immunoglobulin. free rotavirus was not detected in any samples while rotavirus-immunoglobulin complexes were detected in 53 of 121 (44%) samples tested. in contrast, free coronavirus was detected in six (5%) samples and coronavirus- ... | 1984 | 6089985 |
| bovine cryptosporidiosis in denmark. 2. cryptosporidia associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. | in recent years cryptosporidia have often been identified in diarrheic calves of under one month old, either as the sole pathogenic agent or in combination with other diarrhea-causing infectious agents. in 203 cases of bovine cryptosporidiosis, recorded over a period of two years, cryptosporidia were present in such great numbers that they would seem to be of causal significance. the calves were from three days to five weeks old. in 111 cases (55%) a monoinfection with cryptosporidia occurred, w ... | 1985 | 3991354 |
| experimental rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves: assay of treatment by administration of bacterially produced human interferon (hu-ifn alpha 2). | seven colostrum-deprived newborn calves were orally inoculated within 24 hours after birth with bovine rotavirus. three of them were intramuscularly injected with bacterially produced human interferon (hu-ifn alpha 2). the four control animals presented a severe diarrhoea for at least 48 hours, while only one of the treated calves suffered from a transient diarrhoea for a few hours. hu-ifn alpha 2 seems therefore able to control rotavirus diarrhoea in newborn calves, although it did not inhibit ... | 1985 | 4062197 |
| prevention of rotavirus infection by oral administration of cow colostrum containing antihumanrotavirus antibody. | after immunizing 8-month pregnant holstein cows with human rotavirus, wa strain, cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus, designated as rota colostrum, was obtained. after randomly grouping 13 infants from a single orphanage, 6 infants received 20 ml of rota colostrum every morning and 7 control infants received 20 ml of market milk. one month later, rotavirus associated diarrhea was observed in 6 of the 7 infants given milk and 1 out of the 6 infants given rota colostr ... | 1985 | 4069083 |
| comparison of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with electron microscopy, fluorescent antibody, and virus isolation for the detection of bovine and porcine rotavirus. | the purpose in this study was to compare the sensitivity of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with electron microscopy (em), fluorescent antibody (fa), and virus isolation (vi) for the detection of bovine and porcine rotavirus (rv). seventy-three bovine and 116 porcine accessions were evaluated by 1 or all 4 diagnostic tests, where suitable specimens were available. for the bovine samples, agreement was 33% between fa and em, 33% between fa and elisa, and 92% between em and ... | 1984 | 6093642 |
| vaccination of cows with k 99 and rotavirus antigen: potency of k 99 antigen combined with different adjuvants in stimulating milk antibody secretion. | | 1984 | 6097069 |
| comparative study of rotavirus strains of bovine and rabbit origin. | newborn calves were susceptible to infection with a rotavirus strain isolated from rabbits and, conversely, rabbits 4-5 weeks of age became ill and some died when inoculated with the rotavirus strain of bovine origin. however, the latter isolate appeared to be more virulent than the rabbit isolate in either calves or rabbits. moreover, in reciprocal cross protection tests, carried out in calves and in rabbits, the rabbit rotavirus antiserum afforded only weak protection to challenge infection wi ... | 1984 | 6099786 |
| the molecular biology of rotaviruses. vii. detailed structural analysis of gene 10 of bovine rotavirus. | cdna cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis have allowed detailed structural studies on rna segment 10 of the u.k. bovine rotavirus to be undertaken. the complete sequence of 751 nucleotides was determined and found to contain only a single long open reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 175 amino acids. the gene has an unusually long 3' untranslated region of 184 nucleotides or some 24.5% of the total sequence, whose start was confirmed by analysing the carboxyterminal amino acid o ... | 1984 | 6099939 |
| protection of infants against rotavirus diarrhoea by rit 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus strain vaccine. | a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of rit 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus (subgroup 1) vaccine strain to protect against natural rotavirus infection in children. 178 infants aged 8 to 11 months received a single oral dose of rit 4237 vaccine or placebo and were followed up serologically and clinically during a subgroup 2 rotavirus epidemic. no side-effects attributable to the vaccine were observed. during the 5 months' observation aft ... | 1984 | 6143964 |
| an enveloped virus in stools of children and adults with gastroenteritis that resembles the breda virus of calves. | pleomorphic virus-like particles about 100 nm in diameter with a fringe of closely applied peplomers (7-9 nm in length) were observed by electron microscopy in the stools of 20 children and adults with gastroenteritis. in most of the samples no other viral or bacterial pathogens were detected. in form and under immune electron microscopy these virus-like particles resembled the breda virus isolated from diarrhoeic calves. these objects may be a viral pathogen of humans. | 1984 | 6143978 |
| electron microscopic investigations of rotavirus morphogenesis in cell cultures. | the replication of simian rotavirus sa11 in gmk cells and of bovine rotavirus in calf kidney cells was studied by electron microscopy. by 30 min post-inoculation (p.i.) sa11 virus was absorbed to the cell membrane in the absence of trypsin and became engulfed into the cell; clusters of viral particles were internalized also into cytoplasmic vacuoles. at 2 hr p.i., viral particles were seen in lysosomes and 6 hr p.i., the first progeny virus was found in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (er ... | 1984 | 6147993 |
| antigenic characterization of human and animal rotaviruses by immune adherence hemagglutination assay (iaha): evidence for distinctness of iaha and neutralization antigens. | an immune adherence hemagglutination assay (iaha) and a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antigenic characterization of human rotaviruses were developed. the designations of type 1 and type 2 were identical to those established previously by specific complement fixation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immune electron microscopy. by iaha (and modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) certain animal rotaviruses were found to be closely related to human rotavirus type 1. the ... | 1981 | 6168588 |
| trypsin enhancement of rotavirus infectivity: mechanism of enhancement. | the infectivity of most rotaviruses is enhanced by treatment with trypsin. we studied the mechanism of enhancement of examining the effect of trypsin on rotavirus infectivity, aggregation, early interactions with host cells, and structure. the results indicated that trypsin does not increase levels of infectious virus by dispersion of aggregates or affect the efficiency or rate of attachment of virus to cells. a fraction of virus that was not infections without trypsin treatment was found to att ... | 1981 | 6169841 |
| susceptibility of bovine rotavirus to interferon. brief report. | using the plaque assay or the cpe test (cytopathogenic effect), we investigated the action of human, simian (rhesus), bovine and murine interferons on bovine rotavirus adapted to grow on established rhesus monkey kidney cell line (ma 104) or georgia bovine kidney cell line (gbk). except for the murine interferon we used, which had no antiviral effect at all, the different interferons tested were clearly active. | 1981 | 6173029 |