Publications

reassortant rotaviruses containing structural proteins vp3 and vp7 from different parents induce antibodies protective against each parental serotype.	genetic studies of reassortant rotaviruses have demonstrated that gene segments 4 and 9 each segregate with the serotype-specific neutralization phenotype in vitro. reassortant rotaviruses derived by coinfection of ma-104 cells with the simian strain sa11 and the antigenically distinct bovine strain ncdv were used to determine which viral genes coded for proteins which induced a protective immune response in vivo. in addition, reassortant rotaviruses containing only the gene segment 4 or 9 prote ...	1986	3021983
homotypic and heterotypic antibodies for prevention of experimental rotavirus gastroenteritis.	we investigated the abilities of homologous and heterologous antibody preparations to neutralize murine rotavirus in a mouse model of rotavirus infection. we found that incubation of virus with murine sera obtained from animals experimentally infected with the homologous epizootic diarrhea of infant mice strain of rotavirus resulted in inability of the virus to cause symptomatic disease in infant mice. sera from nonimmune mice and mice infected or immunized with a heterotypic strain of rotavirus ...	1986	3023437
antigenic characterization and elisa detection of adult diarrhea rotaviruses.	recently, severe epidemics of diarrhea among both adults and children in china have been associated with an agent called adult diarrhea rotavirus (adrv). we have studied adrv from two areas of china (jinzhou and guangxi) and compared them with prototype group a, b, and c rotaviruses. the viral genomes were compared by electrophoresis of the rna genome segments in polyacrylamide gels, and the antigenic relatedness of these viruses was examined by immune electron microscopic studies using virus pr ...	1986	3016112
use of microplate cell culture and enzyme immunoassay in titration of serum neutralizing antibody against hochi strain of serotype 4 human rotavirus.	the tube neutralization test read by enzyme immunoassay developed by wyatt et al. (1983) for serotype determination of human rotavirus was modified so as to use stationary cultures of ma104 cells in a microtiter plate instead of roller tube cultures. sera obtained from different age groups were titrated for neutralizing antibody against serotype 4 human rotavirus hochi strain by this test and the results were compared with those obtained by the plaque neutralization test. there was a good correl ...	1986	3035256
clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses, and bacteria.	in a prospective one year study, comprising children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to hospital or treated as outpatients, the clinical and laboratory features of rotavirus diarrhoea (168 cases) were compared with those of enteric adenovirus (32 cases), bacterial (42), mixed (16), and non-specific (135) infections. the rotavirus disease was remarkably consistent, with a sudden onset of vomiting, a high frequency of fever and dehydration, and a mean duration of diarrhoea of 5.9 days. outpati ...	1986	3017237
[propagation and detection of human rotavirus (wa strain) in cell cultures of the line ma 104].		1986	3014764
laboratory evidence of human viral and selected nonviral infections in canada in 1985.		1986	3768823
different electrophoretypes of human rotaviruses in hungary.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rotaviral double-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) extracted directly from faecal specimens collected in three different parts of hungary was applied to characterize and distinguish 21 randomly selected viral isolates. this technique made it possible to define 7 different electrophoretypes. of the isolates 11 exhibited an identical "long" electrophoretic migration pattern. "short" rna pattern was found in two cases, and one atypical rotavirus was also revealed ...	1987	2891275
inactivation of animal viruses during sewage sludge treatment.	using a previously developed filter adsorption technique, the inactivation of a human rotavirus, a coxsackievirus b5, and a bovine parvovirus was monitored during sludge treatment processes. during conventional anaerobic mesophilic digestion at 35 to 36 degrees c, only minor inactivation of all three viruses occurred. the k' values measured were 0.314 log10 unit/day for rotavirus, 0.475 log10 unit/day for coxsackievirus b5, and 0.944 log10 unit/day for parvovirus. however, anaerobic thermophilic ...	1987	2823708
rotavirus isolate wi61 representing a presumptive new human serotype.	a virus (strain wi61) representing a presumptive new human serotype was isolated from an 18-month-old child with gastroenteritis admitted to children's hospital of philadelphia in february 1983. the wi61 virus was clearly distinguished by cross-neutralization tests from human rotaviruses of serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, human 69m, and representative bovine (ncdv), porcine (osu), and chicken (ch2) rotaviruses. antisera generated in guinea pigs hyperimmunized to wi61 virus displayed a partial cross-re ...	1987	2443534
detection of antibody to group b adult diarrhea rotaviruses in humans.	group b rotaviruses have been responsible for annual epidemics of severe diarrhea affecting both adults and children in china. we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay to detect antibody to group b rotaviruses that will be useful to assess the role of group b rotavirus infections as a cause of human gastroenteritis. we tested 219 human sera and 18 immunoglobulin pools collected from eight countries for antibodies to both group a and group b rotaviruses. ov ...	1987	3034964
enteric adenoviruses.	the 41 serotypes of human adenoviruses are classified into six subgenera (a-f) with different tropisms. enteric infections are caused in children by serotypes ad40 and ad41 of subgenus f. serotypes ad40 and ad41 transform embryonic cells but cannot induce tumours in newborn hamsters. they differ from all other (established) human adenoviruses by being unable to replicate in conventional cell cultures. ad40 and ad41 grow in 293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells immortalized by transfection with ...	1987	3036447
cold-adaptation of human rotavirus.	a human rotavirus strain was cold-adapted for possible future use as a live vaccine. the original strain was isolated in 1980 in primary cynomolgus monkey kidney cells and has a serotype i and subgroup ii antigenicity. the virus was serially passaged in african green monkey kidney cells; it was cultivated at 37 degrees c at the first stage of passages, and the cultivation temperature was then shifted down stepwise by 3 degrees c per each 10 passages. finally the virus was passaged 10 times at 25 ...	1987	3037821
perinatal viral infections.	in comparison to older children and adults, neonates are immunologically incompetent. they are susceptible to infections caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. these infectious agents may be acquired by neonates either prenatally, during the intrapartum period or postnatally. the purpose of this review is to emphasize the potential impact of viral infections contracted by neonates at the time of delivery or within the neonatal period. the viruses reviewed i ...	1987	3040392
gastroenteritis caused by human rotaviruses (serotype three) in a suckling mouse model.	the pathogenic potential of human rotaviruses of serotypes 1 through 4 was evaluated in suckling mice. oral inoculation of three different human rotaviruses of serotype 3 into 5-6 day old cd-1 mice caused disease characterized by diarrhea and dehydration. the mean 50% diarrhea inducing dose (dd50) was 5 x 10(5) pfu. histopathological examination of small intestines revealed villus epithelial cell vacuolization localized to the distal one-third of the villus. only serotype 3 rotaviruses exhibited ...	1987	3025888
[virus-related gastroenteritis].		1987	3026769
characterization of rotaviruses isolated from pigs with diarrhoea in venezuela.	the prevalence of porcine rotavirus infection was studied in 15 different herds located in the north-western region of venezuela. the presence of rotavirus was studied by direct electron microscopy (em) and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). from 136 samples analyzed during the six months of the study (september 1983-february 1984), 38 (27.9%) were found to be positive for rotaviruses, with infection more common in animals that were 4-6 weeks old. atypical rotaviruses were not dete ...	1987	3027954
analysis by rna-rna hybridization assay of intertypic rotaviruses suggests that gene reassortment occurs in vivo.	antigenic characterization of human and animal rotaviruses by the plaque reduction neutralization assay has shown the existence of naturally occurring intertypes. antiserum to m37, a rotavirus strain isolated from an asymptomatic neonate, neutralizes both wa and st3 strains, which are classified as serotype 1 and serotype 4 human rotaviruses, respectively. likewise, antiserum to sb-1a, a porcine rotavirus, neutralizes rotavirus strains belonging to serotype 4 or 5. plaque reduction neutralizatio ...	1987	3029162
longitudinal study of rotavirus infection and gastroenteritis in families served by a pediatric medical practice: clinical and epidemiologic observations.	during 29 months of prospective longitudinal study of diarrhea in the home, human rotaviruses (hrvs) infected one or more members in 51% of 65 families, 35 of 126 children (28%) and 16 of 124 adults (13%). within the 33 affected families, 57% of 62 children and 25% of 65 adults were infected. hrv gastroenteritis peaked at 40/100 person years at ages 12 to 23 months and decreased to 5 episodes/100 person years in adults. among 25 children 0 through 36 months of age who had hrv infection, 88% were ...	1987	3031575
physicochemical stability and inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses.	the effects of various physical and chemical treatments on the stability of a human serotype 1 rotavirus and simian agent 11 (sa11) were compared by using a fluorescence focus assay. the infectivity of both strains was retained after storage at room temperature for 14 days, 4 degree c for 22 days, and -20 degree c for 32 days; lyophilization; and treatment at ph 3 to 11. both viruses were inactivated at ph 12, as was the human virus at ph 2, although this ph resulted in only partial inactivation ...	1987	3034154
infectivity and antigenicity reduction rates of human rotavirus strain wa in fresh waters.	the rates of inactivation of human rotavirus type 2 (strain wa) (hrv-wa) and poliovirus type 1 (strain chat) were compared in polluted waters (creek water and secondary effluent before chlorination) and nonpolluted waters (lake water, groundwater, and chlorinated tap water). viral infectivity titers were determined by plaque assays, while hrv-wa antigenicity also was monitored by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. both viruses persisted longest in lake water and shortest in tap water. the act ...	1987	2821902
evidence for endocytosis-independent infection by human rotavirus.	the effects of five lysosomotropic drugs (nh4cl, chloroquine, methylamine, amantadine and dansylcadaverine) and cytochalasin b on human rotavirus (hrv kun strain) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv indiana strain) infection in monkey ma 104 cells were examined. these drugs had little effect on hrv yield but greatly reduced vsv yield. the results strongly suggest that hrv does not require endocytotic activity and intracellular acidic vesicles for the initial stage of infection and support our po ...	1987	2825623
use of serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to study the epidemiology of rotavirus infection.	the development of an enzyme immunoassay (eia) capable of serotyping human rotavirus (hrv) in faecal extracts has enabled us to retrospectively study the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in melbourne. of 552 stored specimens obtained from individuals with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis between 1975 and 1986, the serotype could be determined in 62%. infection was most prevalent in two groups, neonates and children aged between 12 and 24 months. in these groups infection was due to differ ...	1988	2828532
role of enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute enteritis.	the role of enteric-type adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute gastroenteritis was investigated among children younger than 5 years of age seeking treatment at an urban hospital (uh) and at a rural health center (rhc) in india. there were 330 children at the uh and 340 at the rhc; 319 and 315 age matched nondiarrheal children served as controls for the respective groups. rotavirus was detected in 15.2% of 330 cases and 1.9% of 319 controls at the uh (p less than 0.001) and in 16. ...	1988	2837717
pathogenicity of rotavirus in rabbits.	the role of rotavirus in diarrheal disease of rabbits was investigated, and a model for human rotavirus infection was established. orogastric inoculation of 8- and 12-week-old new zealand white rabbits with a rabbit strain of rotavirus (l:ala:84) resulted in fecal shedding of virus for 6 to 8 days from 2 to 5 days after inoculation. most rabbits exhibited diarrhea, coincident with the onset of viral shedding, which persisted for 2 to 4 days. diarrhea was characterized by soft or fluid stools and ...	1988	2838507
identification of nonspecific reactions in laboratory rodent specimens tested by rotazyme rotavirus elisa.	fecal specimens from several laboratory animal species were tested for rotavirus antigen by rotazyme ii, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that is widely used in human diagnostic studies. fecal samples from rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, dogs, and cats tested negative; whereas those from rats and mice yielded a high proportion of positive results. rats had the highest rate with 82% of the samples being positive. however, the presence of rotavirus in positive rod ...	1988	2842540
phenotypic mixing during coinfection of cells with two strains of human rotavirus.	coinfection of ma-104 cells with serotype 1 (wa strain) and serotype 3 (p strain) human rotaviruses resulted in progeny viruses that were phenotypically mixed in their major outer-shell structural-protein vp7 and in the genome segment that encodes this protein (segment 9). segments from the wa virus predominated in these progeny whether they were of parental or reassortant genotype. neutralization with monoclonal antibodies specific for vp7 proteins of the coinfecting viruses caused an alteratio ...	1988	2845148
incidence of enteric adenoviruses among children in thailand and the significance of these viruses in gastroenteritis.	in countries with temperate climates, enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis. to determine the incidence of adenovirus infection in a tropical climate, stools were collected from children under age 7 during a 1-year period at an outpatient clinic in bangkok, thailand. stools from 1,114 children with gastroenteritis and from 947 children without gastroenteritis were tested. each stool was tested for adenovirus group antigen and for specific ent ...	1988	2846648
relative frequency of human rotavirus subgroups i and ii in relation to "short" and "long" electrophoretypes of viral rna.		1988	2849966
a highly efficient second-step concentration technique for bacteriophages and enteric viruses using ammonium sulfate and tween 80.	addition of tween 80 to a 1.5% solution of beef extract was found to enhance the elution of bacteriophages adsorbed to electronegative filters. when reconcentration of the eluate was attempted by ammonium sulfate precipitation, a floating layer containing most of the viruses was formed. this floating layer can be obtained with several nonionic detergents including tween 80 and under a salt saturation of 55% with ammonium sulfate, potassium tartrate, and sodium phosphate. virus recovery ranged fr ...	1988	2850100
clinical and immunological studies of rotavirus vaccines.	the rit 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine has served as a useful model for rotavirus vaccination, but the vaccine will not be further developed or tested. the main problem encountered with this vaccine was its poor "take" rate in developing countries. the reasons for this are unclear, and it is not known whether other bovine rotavirus vaccines are more efficacious in this respect. wc-3 bovine rotavirus vaccine will shortly be tested at several sites in developing countries. the rhesus rotavirus vacc ...	1988	2851185
development of an enzyme immunoassay for the hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis.	the hawaii agent is a norwalk-like virus of acute gastroenteritis in humans which is antigenically distinct from the prototype norwalk agent. we established a solid phase sandwich type microtiter enzyme immunoassay (eia) for hawaii antigen employing sera and stools from experimentally challenged volunteers as reagents. this assay detected the hawaii agent in stools from 3 of 8 volunteers who were ill after oral challenge with the hawaii agent, including one specimen which was positive to a dilut ...	1988	2851600
clinical features of acute infantile gastroenteritis associated with human rotavirus subgroups i and ii.	during a prospective 3-year study, clinical and epidemiological features of rotavirus gastroenteritis in black infants were investigated. fever and temperatures exceeding 39 degrees c were more frequent in children shedding subgroup ii rotaviruses, whereas vomiting was more pronounced in children with subgroup i infection. diarrhea, dehydration, duration of illness, and the need for admission to a hospital ward were similar in both groups.	1988	2852676
human rotavirus detection in stool specimens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and latex agglutination test.	a total of 194 stool samples from sick and healthy children were tested by three commercial tests: two rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and one latex agglutination test (ltx). the concordance, sensibility and specificity of these tests were calculated. the results suggest to consider as positive the samples reactive to two enzyme immunoassays at least. the latex test, although less sensitive than enzygnost-rotavirus and rotazyme ii, was found to be especially useful for the r ...	1988	2853953
[isolation of immunoglobulins from the egg yolk of hens immunized with intestinal viruses].	antibodies from the yolk of eggs of chicken immunized with enteric viruses (simian rotavirus sa 11, poliomyelitis virus type 2, and coxsackie b2) were obtained. the time course of the emergence and amplification of antibody in the yolk was followed for several months by neutralization tests and enzyme immunoassay. the long-term persistence of a high antibody level in the yolk, the simplicity of generation of large amounts of chromatographically pure preparations, as well as specificity of chicke ...	1988	2854680
functional and topographical analyses of epitopes on the hemagglutinin (vp4) of the simian rotavirus sa11.	an immunochemical analysis of the hemagglutinin (vp4) of the simian rotavirus sa11 was performed to better understand the structure and function of this molecule. following immunization of mice with double-shelled virus particles and vp4-enriched fractions from cscl gradients, a battery of anti-sa11 hybridomas was generated. a total of 13 clones secreting high levels of anti-vp4 monoclonal antibody (mab) was characterized and compared with two cross-reactive anti-vp4 mabs generated against heter ...	1988	2452900
history and rationale of oral rehydration and recent developments in formulating an optimal solution.	oral rehydration therapy with glucose-electrolyte solutions has been one of the major therapeutic advances of the century. this alarmingly simple intervention developed from a basic scientific observation in the laboratory, when it was shown that sodium and glucose transport in the small intestine are coupled and thus the presence of glucose in an electrolyte solution promotes absorption of both sodium ions and water. even more important, sodium/glucose co-transport continues despite the secreto ...	1988	3069448
human cryptosporidiosis in north queensland.	during a 12-month period, feces from 780 persons from the townsville region were evaluated by the kinyoun acid-fast strain, and 36 (4.6%) immunocompetent patients were found to have cryptosporidium oocysts. twenty-five index cases were identified; 13 (8.6%) cases from 151 patients were from palm island, an isolated aboriginal community in the wet tropics and 12 (1.9%) cases from 629 patients were from the dry tropics of townsville. all 11 secondary cases were associated with a person-to-person o ...	1988	3264149
viral vaccines and antivirals: current use and future prospects.	the evolution of viral vaccines from the time of jennerian prophylaxis to today's recombinant technology has been a continuing story of success. from the relatively crude or "first generation" vaccines for smallpox, rabies, and yellow fever followed a second and third generation of improved or new viral vaccines. the application of techniques for attenuating, inactivating, and partially purifying candidate viruses yielded safe, effective vaccines against influenza, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, ...	1988	3288231
effect of c-reactive protein on peritoneal macrophages. i. human c-reactive protein inhibits migration of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages.	the effect of human c-reactive protein (crp) isolated and purified from pooled patients' sera on macrophage function, especially on macrophage migration, was studied. peritoneal exudate cells (pec) from guinea pigs were used for macrophage migration inhibition (mmi) test of capillary method. migration of either pec or adherent purified macrophages exposed to crp were inhibited dose-dependently. these findings indicate that crp inhibits macrophage migration directly, not via activation of lymphoc ...	1988	3057332
a survey of virus infections in new zealand, 1982-6.	between 1982 and 1986 virus infections were identified in 16,372 cases. these identifications were based on virus isolation and/or serological evidence of infection by the main virus diagnostic laboratories at auckland, waikato, christchurch and dunedin hospitals, and at the national health institute. the most frequent virus identifications reported were herpes simplex (46.7%), rotavirus (11.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (5.7%), and adenovirus (5.6%). during this period of surveillance, the m ...	1988	3173872
use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and analysis of viral rna in the detection of unusual group a human rotaviruses.	immuno-enzymatic assay employing monoclonal antibodies and viral rna analysis by gel electrophoresis were used to classify human group a rotaviruses (hrv) into subgroups i and ii. of 249 fecal samples positive for group a rotaviruses, 29 (11%) belonged to subgroup i and 215 (85%) were identified as subgroup ii. two samples (ro-302 and ro-500) contained mixed infections of the two subgroups. three isolates belonged to neither one of the two subgroups, but they did not yield enough viral rna to al ...	1988	2844982
preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rotavirus.	by utilizing a strain of cultivable simian rotavirus (sa-11) as an immunizing antigen, we prepared 4 clones of mouse-mouse hybridoma, namely c127, c139, c172, and c214 which secreted monoclonal antibodies against the immunogen itself, sa-11 and also against other group a strains such as wa and s2. western blot analyses revealed that all of these antibodies are directed against vp6, a 42 kda major inner capsid protein of group a rotavirus. competitive experiments suggested that c127, c172 and c21 ...	1989	2469693
reactions to and antigenicity of two human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine candidates of serotypes 1 and 2 in venezuelan infants.	the reactions to and antigenicity of two human-rhesus rotavirus (rrv) reassortants (human rotavirus strain d x rrv and human rotavirus strain ds1 x rrv) with the vp7 neutralization specificity of a serotype 1 or serotype 2 rotavirus were evaluated in a placebo-controlled double-blind trial in 116 1- to 5-month-old infants in caracas, venezuela. the children were randomly divided into five groups to receive orally the following inocula: (i) 10(4) pfu of d x rrv reassortant; (ii) 10(4) pfu of ds1 ...	1989	2541168
experience with an enzyme immunoassay for serotyping human group a rotaviruses.	an enzyme immunoassay utilizing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to vp7 of four human group a rotavirus serotypes successfully typed rotaviruses in 71.4% (568 of 796) of fecal specimens. sensitivity was enhanced by using homologous capture and detector antibodies. serotyping was most successful with specimens stored for less than 3 years and containing 10(4) or more particles per ml.	1989	2541171
electrophoretic study of the genome of human rotavirus in rural indian community.	a rural cohort of 507 children, less than 3 yr of age was kept under weekly surveillance for 12 months, for morbidity due to diarrhoea. stool specimens for rotavirus detection were obtained in 346 of the 360 diarrheal episodes occurring in 354 children and in 211 children without diarrhoeal symptoms. rotavirus was detected by an elisa test in 4 per cent of children with diarrhoea and 6.6 per cent of control subjects. viral genome rna was extracted by phenol chloroform method from all the positiv ...	1989	2544517
characterization of a canine rotavirus strain by neutralization and molecular hybridization assays.	a canine rotavirus, rs-15, previously isolated in japan was determined to be subgroup i and serotype 3. when compared with prototype human and animal rotavirus strains by rna-rna hybridization assay, the rs-15 strain showed a high degree of homology only with the canine cu-1 strain isolated in the united states of america, suggesting that canine rotaviruses constitute a distinct gene family, which we have elsewhere proposed to term "genogroup".	1989	2548456
antigenic and molecular characterization of bovine rotaviruses isolated in japan.	japanese bovine rotavirus isolates, which fall into two different serotypes, were shown to belong to subgroup i and to have long rna electrophoretypes. this study confirmed the distinction of two serotypes on the basis of a greater than 20-fold difference in neutralization titres between the homologous and heterologous reactions; however, significant one-way cross-neutralization was observed between one of the strains with bovine serotype 2 and antisera to strains with bovine serotype 1 (serotyp ...	1989	2549598
rotavirus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte response of mice after oral inoculation with candidate rotavirus vaccine strains rrv or wc3.	the immunologic basis of homotypic and heterotypic protection by immunization with two candidate rotavirus vaccine strains (simian strain rrv and bovine strain wc3, respectively) was investigated. mice were orally inoculated with rrv, and 6 d later splenic lymphocytes lysed target cells infected with rrv (serotype 3) but not with human rotavirus serotypes 1 or 2; 4 w after inoculation, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) generated in vitro from ctl precursors were also strain-specific. also, the freq ...	1989	2553826
[the use of commercial immunoenzyme and latex preparations for the demonstration of human rotavirus antigens].	the results of using enzyme immunoassay and latex preparations for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis are presented. high effectiveness of the enzyme immunoassay system developed in the ussr with latex diagnostic agents, such as rotalex (orion diagnostica, finland), slidex rota kit (biomérieux, france), the wellcome rotavirus latex kit (wellcome foundation ltd., great britain), 48-63% and 21-41% respectively, has been noted. the results of the comparison of the system developed in the us ...	1989	2555984
response to rit 4237 oral rotavirus vaccine in human milk, adapted-and soy-formula fed infants.	during the first month of life 28 full-term newborns were breast-fed (18 males and 11 females). thereafter 8 infants continued breast-feeding while the remainder were randomly fed on either an adapted milk formula (n=13) or a soy-formula (n=7). at five months, after an oral dose of rit 4237 rotavirus vaccine of bovine origin was given, growth and igm/igg type antibodies against rotavirus were measured. weight gain was similar in all infants. there were 2 igm and 1 igg responders out of 7 soy fed ...	1989	2556883
detection of rotavirus in faecal specimens with a monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparison with polyclonal antibody enzyme immuno-assays and a latex agglutination test.	monoclonal antibodies have been produced against the 81/36f strain of rotavirus. one of them, was chosen as diagnostic reagent: it showed high elisa reactivity with all the bovine, human and porcine rotavirus strains tested and reacted with vp6, structural protein product known to support the common rotavirus antigen. a sandwich elisa procedure using the chosen monoclonal as "capture and detecting" antibody was performed to detect rotavirus in faecal samples from experimentally inoculated newbor ...	1989	2558838
naturally occurring serotype 2/subgroup ii rotavirus reassortants in northern brazil.	nine serotype 2 human rotavirus strains were isolated in a community-based longitudinal study in northern brazil. five of these strains had a 'long' rna electrophoretic pattern and all five strains were determined to belong to subgroup ii by elisa assay, in contrast to properties common to serotype 2 human rotaviruses previously characterized. hybridization studies of one of these unusual strains with 32p-labelled mrnas derived from the prototype human strains wa (serotype 1, subgroup ii) and s2 ...	1989	2560292
passive immunisation of children with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus.	the efficacy of a 10-day course of bovine colostrum with high antibody titre against the four known human rotavirus serotypes in protecting children against rotavirus infection was examined in patients admitted to hospital. children aged 3 to 15 months were blocked in pairs according to ward accommodation (ie, isolation or open area). each block contained 1 treated and 1 control child. the allocation to treatment or control (an artificial infant formula) was randomised. 9 of 65 control children ...	1989	2570959
atypical human rotaviruses in the g.d.r.	following the aetiologic agent of diarrhoea in children aged one to three years we found in the stools a large number of rotaviruses by electron microscopy (em), although elisa was negative; the sensitivity of elisa had been confirmed in previous investigations. in 141 children with diarrhoea 10 conventional (group a) and 21 antigenically distinct rotaviruses were detected. the presence of atypical rotaviruses could be confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of their rna migration profiles. the el ...	1989	2574938
incidence and diagnosis of rotavirus infection in neonates: results of two studies.	the present study investigates the incidence of human rotavirus excretion in neonates of two hospitals. from april 1, 1983 to march 31, 1984, rotaviruses were detected with rotazyme in the feces of 57 (15%) of 383 neonates at the department of pediatrics, university of berne, in a total in 71 (5.2%) of the 1369 stool samples tested. of the 57 neonates with rotazyme-positive stool samples, 53 (93%) were asymptomatic. the problems of the specificity of rotazyme in neonatal feces and the possibilit ...	1990	1963446
sequence analysis of gene 11 equivalents from "short" and "super short" strains of rotavirus.	the molecular basis for the aberrant migration pattern of the gene 11 equivalent in rotaviruses with "short" (human ds-1) and "super short" (human 69m and bovine vmri) electropherotypes was investigated. the mrnas of these viruses were synthesized in vitro, and the entire gene 11 equivalent of each of these viruses was sequenced with specific synthetic oligonucleotide primers. these sequences were compared with previously published sequences of "long" pattern rotavirus gene 11 segments. the incr ...	1990	2152809
a porcine rotavirus strain with dual vp7 serotype specificity.	porcine rotavirus mdr-13, which on original isolation showed a two-way antigenic relationship with human rotavirus rv-3, shows vp7 relationships with serotype g5 as well as g3 viruses upon gene reassortment. analysis of porcine mdr-13 and the md-uk reassortant revealed marked nucleotide and amino acid similarity of vp7 genes of these viruses with those of both serotype g3 and g5 viruses. evolution of such a strain, possibly by sequential mutations in the vp7 gene, is discussed.	1990	2155514
rotavirus induces proliferative response and augments non-specific cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes in humans.	in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to rotavirus in humans were studied. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of healthy adults proliferated in response to stimulation with the infectious and u.v.-inactivated wa strain of human rotavirus, showing a maximum response on day 7 of culture; however, cord blood lymphocytes failed to respond to rotavirus. a cross-reactive proliferative response of pbmc detected by stimulation with the ncdv strain of bovine rotavirus suggests the existence of e ...	1990	2157566
inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses by chlorine dioxide.	the inactivation of single-particle stocks of human (type 2, wa) and simian (sa-11) rotaviruses by chlorine dioxide was investigated. experiments were conducted at 4 degrees c in a standard phosphate-carbonate buffer. both virus types were rapidly inactivated, within 20 s under alkaline conditions, when chlorine dioxide concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/liter were used. similar reductions of 10(5)-fold in infectivity required additional exposure time of 120 s at 0.2 mg/liter for wa and ...	1990	2160222
immune protection of infants against rotavirus gastroenteritis by a serotype 1 reassortant of bovine rotavirus wc3.	the safety and protective efficacy of a serotype 1 reassortant of bovine rotavirus wc3, disignated strain wi79-9, was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. rotavirus reassortant wi79-9 contains a gene segment 9 coding for the surface structural protein vp7 of a human serotype 1 rotavirus, with all other gene segments derived from wc3 rotavirus, which had previously been shown to be safe and immunogenic in infants. infants 2-11 months of age were given two doses of vaccine (10(7.3 ...	1990	2161038
distinct populations of rotaviruses circulating among neonates and older infants.	we obtained three stool specimens from each of 371 neonates. two specimens were obtained between days 1 and 3 after birth, while they were in the hospital, and one specimen was obtained between days 6 and 14 after birth, after they had been discharged from the hospital. seventy neonates excreted human rotavirus (hrv) while they were in the hospital, and the incidence rate for the cohort was 0.094 episodes per infant day. the incidence rate of community-acquired neonatal infections was markedly r ...	1990	2161863
sensitive solid-phase immune electron microscopy double-antibody technique with gold-immunoglobulin g complexes for detecting rotavirus in cell culture and feces.	a new solid-phase immune electron microscopy double-antibody colloidal-gold technique (spiemdagt) was developed and compared with direct electron microscopy, direct immune electron microscopy, and enzyme immunoassay for detecting rotavirus. guinea pig and rabbit antirotavirus antisera were used as capture and detector antibodies, respectively, and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g-gold complexes were employed as a label. animal rotavirus in cell culture media and human virus in stool specimens w ...	1990	2161868
serotyping of human group a rotavirus with oligonucleotide probes.	rotaviruses (rv) in stools of children with diarrhea in thailand were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (meia), and rna extracted from these specimens were tested for hybridization with oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of vp7 of human serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. of 178 specimens that contained rv as identified with a monoclonal antibody to group a rv, 84% (149/178) hybridized with serotype-specific oligonucleotides, and 42% (74/178) were serotyped by meia (p less ...	1990	2165109
molecular identification by rna-rna hybridization of a human rotavirus that is closely related to rotaviruses of feline and canine origin.	with a few exceptions subgroup i group a human rotavirus strains have short rna patterns, whereas most animal rotavirus strains belong to subgroup i and have long rna patterns. thus, new isolates of subgroup i human rotaviruses with long rna patterns are considered to have a high likelihood of being animal rotaviruses. a group of human rotaviruses represented by the au-1 strain has recently been shown to be genetically related to a feline rotavirus (frv-1) isolated in japan. a human rotavirus, s ...	1990	2166076
nosocomial outbreak of neonatal gastroenteritis caused by a new serotype 4, subtype 4b human rotavirus.	a nosocomial outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis involving 52 newborns occurred between june and september 1988 at the university children's hospital of freiburg, federal republic of germany. stools from 27 representative patients were examined for rotavirus serotypes, using a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the electropherotype was also examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genomic rna. as many as 18 patients were found to be infected by serotype 4, su ...	1990	2167942
adenovirus types 40 and 41 and rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in children from guatemala.	from march 1987 to february 1988, fecal excretion of adenovirus types 40 and 41 and rotavirus serotypes in 194 children (age, 0 to 3 years) from a rural community of guatemala was monitored. in total, 458 samples taken during 385 episodes of diarrhea and 191 specimens obtained during symptom-free periods were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fifty-seven children hospitalized because of diarrhea were also studied. among the rural children, 43 (22.2%) excreted adenovirus types 40 and ...	1990	2168438
nucleotide sequence of vp4 and vp7 genes of human rotaviruses with subgroup i specificity and long rna pattern: implication for new g serotype specificity.	we sequenced the genes coding for the two neutralization proteins, vp4 and vp7, of human rotavirus strains l26 and l27 with subgroup i specificity but the long rna pattern. the deduced vp7 amino acid sequence of strains l26 and l27 showed a low homology (73.6 to 81.9%) to those of rotavirus strains of the established serotypes. this finding, together with the previous serological characterizations, suggests that the vp7 (g) serotype of the l26 and l27 strains is distinct from those of strains of ...	1990	2170690
identification of gene 4 alleles among human rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction-derived probes.	four different alleles of the gene encoding vp4, an outer capsid rotavirus protein, have been recognized among human rotaviruses. to investigate the relative frequency of these alleles, hybridization probes corresponding to a hyperdivergent region (nucleotides 205 to 554) of the fourth gene from three human rotavirus strains, wa, ds1, and m37 (each of which has a distinct gene four allele), were synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, using as templates either cloned dna or cd ...	1990	2171217
six-year retrospective surveillance of gastroenteritis viruses identified at ten electron microscopy centers in the united states and canada.	to identify the prevalence, seasonality and demographic characteristics of patients with viral gastroenteritis, we reviewed 6 years of retrospective data on viral agents of gastroenteritis screened by electron microscopy at 10 centers in the united states and canada. from 52,691 individual electron microscopic observations, a virus was detected in 16% of specimens, and the yearly positive detection rate among centers ranged from 8 to 34%. rotavirus was the agent most commonly observed (26 to 83% ...	1990	2172903
isolation and molecular characterization of a serotype 9 human rotavirus strain.	a human rotavirus strain, designated au32, that belongs to serotype 9 was isolated and was compared by rna-rna hybridization with recently established two serotype 9 strains (wi61 and f45) as well as other prototype human strains. these three strains exhibited a very high degree of homology with one another and shared a high degree of homology with strains belonging to the wa genogroup but not with strains belonging to either the ds-1 or au-1 genogroup. these results suggest that genetic constel ...	1990	1691433
development of a rotavirus plaque assay using sephadex g-75.	a rapid, reproducible and easily performed plaque assay is described for use with a variety of rotavirus strains. plaque formation was induced in ma-104 cells by the use of sephadex g-75, instead of the traditional agar, and crystalline trypsin in the overlay. formation of large, discrete, easily read plaques was noted in both human and non-human rotavirus strains.	1990	1693368
selective virus inhibitors.	our recent efforts have been directed at the development of selective inhibitors of different classes of viruses, including adeno, pox, and herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv)], (+/-)rna viruses (reo- and rotavirus), (-)rna viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial, vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus) and retroviruses [i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the ...	1990	1693749
monoclonal antibodies to quebec strain (q17) of bovine rotavirus.	fourteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against "quebec" strain (q17) of bovine rotavirus were isolated and characterized. four were specific for viral protein vp7 and ten were specific for viral protein vp6. five different isotypes were represented by this group of antibodies. all of the anti-vp6 and none of the anti-vp7 antibodies were sensitive to the effects of periodate on their antigen. the antibodies could be separated into three groups based on their relative resistance to the dissociation ...	1990	1698323
diversity of rotavirus serotypes in mexican infants with gastroenteritis.	one hundred thirty-two stool specimens from infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalized in two mexican cities (mexico city and mérida) were examined by serotype- and subgroup-specific enzyme immunoassays. among them, 38 (29%) were serotype 1, 15 (11%) were serotype 2, 13 (10%) were serotype 3, 22 (17%) were serotype 4, none was serotype 5 or 6, and 44 (33%) could not be serotyped. by subgrouping, 121 specimens were characterized as follows: 24 (18%) were subgroup 1, 97 (74%) were subgrou ...	1990	2166073
protection of adults rechallenged with a human rotavirus.	previous studies of adults challenged with human rotavirus (cjn strain) showed that 74% became infected and 55% of those infected experienced illness. protection against infection correlated with rotavirus antibody, most significantly (p = .005) serum rotavirus igg. in this study, 20 previously challenged subjects were reinoculated with the same virus 9-12 months after their initial challenge. only 1 of 8 subjects not infected after the initial challenge and 2 of 12 infected after the first inoc ...	1990	2155972
fluid therapy with specific mucopolysaccharides. a new approach to control diarrhea.	an evaluation is given of the shortcomings of existing oral fluid therapies and their consequences: lack of protection of the intestinal wall and the supply of unabsorbed carbohydrates to the large intestine. the inclusion of specific mucopolysaccharides having a polyxylose backbone and galactose end residues in the side chains seems to offer effective protection of the intestinal wall. a trial conducted in experimentally infected calves (e. coli) shows that this concept of oral fluid therapy li ...	1990	2138047
rotavirus excretion by village pigs in papua new guinea.	cohort studies were conducted on 29 pigs from 3 villages in the highlands of papua new guinea. animals ranged in age from 9 d to 5 m old. three hundred and twenty nine faecal samples were collected from individual pigs followed over 3 to 6 w periods, and were examined for group a rotavirus antigen by elisa, and rotaviral genomic rna by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). electron microscopy was also conducted on selected samples. group a rotavirus was detected in the faeces of 16 pigs wit ...	1991	1850980
[detection of non-a rotavirus in tucumán].	a case of infectious gastroenteritis (gei) caused by a non-a rotavirus (rv) in the province of tucumán is reported. fecal sample analysis for group a rv by enzyme immunoassay (elisa) gave a negative result. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of the viral rna showed a genomic pattern coincident with that described by pedley for rv belonging to group c. to our knowledge, this is the first communication on the detection of non-a rv as an etiological agent of human gei in argentina.	1991	1667700
molecular and antigenic analyses of serotypes 8 and 10 of bovine rotaviruses in thailand.	antigenic and genomic properties of non-serotype 6 bovine rotaviruses isolated in thailand and japan were studied by cross-neutralization tests, nucleotide sequence determination of the vp7 gene, and rna-rna hybridization. two thai strains (61a and a44) were serologically related to a japanese isolate kk3 which has been assigned to serotype 10. in contrast, strain a5 was found to be antigenically similar to human strain 69m with serotype 8 specificity, although strain a5 showed a one-way cross-r ...	1991	1662688
preparation and characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed to vp4 of rotavirus strain k8 which has unique vp4 neutralization epitopes.	for selecting the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) directed to vp4 of rotavirus strain k8, which has unique vp4 neutralization epitopes, we prepared several reassortant viruses by mixed infection of two different strains k8 (serotype 1) and p (serotype 3) in vitro: three reassortant clones having vp4 of k8 and vp7 of p and four clones having vp4 of p and vp7 of k8. by using these reassortants in screening hybridomas, a n-mab (k8-2c12) directed to strain k8-specific vp4 was obtained. t ...	1991	1722090
characterization of rotavirus electropherotypes excreted by symptomatic and asymptomatic infants.	human rotavirus isolates from 1100 stool samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 48 different migration patterns were detected. heterogeneity in the migration of segment 10 was observed in both long and short electropherotypes in which three long and two short patterns were identified. in spite of these variations all short and long electropherotypes were subgrouped by enzyme immunoassay as subgroups i and ii respectively. mixed infections were detected in 17% of cases a ...	1991	1847104
serotypic change in the prevalence of human rotavirus strains in israel.		1991	1848541
detection of group b and c rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction.	we adapted the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect the noncultivatable group b and c rotaviruses and introduced a simple and convenient technique to purify viral rna from stool specimens. double-stranded rna present in stool extracts was purified by adsorption to hydroxyapatite and was used as the template for reverse transcription and polymerase amplification. primer pairs specific for group b (gene 8) and group c (gene 6) rotaviruses were selected to amplify group-characteristic sizes of ...	1991	1645368
human serum non-antibody inhibitors towards sa-11 rotavirus hemagglutination.	in the present work the non-antibody inhibitory activity of human serum towards sa-11 rotavirus hemagglutination (ha) has been studied. among human serum protein components, inhibitory activity was recovered in fractions iii (beta-globulin), iv (alpha-globulin) and iv (glycoprotein). additional experiments performed with purified lipoprotein sub-classes and their lipid and apolipoprotein moieties demonstrated the ability of hdl and, hdl1 to prevent sa-11 ha.	1991	1648658
symmetric infection of rotavirus on polarized human intestinal epithelial (caco-2) cells.	when rotavirus infects the mature villus tip cells of the small intestine, it encounters a highly polarized epithelium. in order to understand this virus-cell interaction more completely, we utilized a cell culture-adapted rhesus rotavirus (rrv) to infect human intestinal (caco-2) and madin-darby canine kidney (mdck-1) polarized epithelial cells grown on a permeable support. filter-grown caco-2 cells and mdck-1 cells, producing a transepithelial resistance of 300 to 500 and greater than 1,000 om ...	1991	1649325
relation of vp7 amino acid sequence to monoclonal antibody neutralization of rotavirus and rotavirus monotype.	the neutralization epitopes of the vp7 of human rotavirus rv-4 were studied by using five neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies to select virus variants resistant to neutralization by each of the antibodies. antibody resistance patterns and sequence analysis of the rv-4 variants revealed that at least four sites on vp7, located at amino acids 94 (region a), 147 to 148 (region b), 213 (region c), and 291, are involved in neutralization of the human g1 rotavirus rv-4. the a-region site elicited ...	1991	1656083
genetic diversity and similarity among mammalian rotaviruses in relation to interspecies transmission of rotavirus.	to address the question whether there was any molecular evidence for interspecies transmission of rotaviruses from one animal species to another, genetic relationships among human and animal rotaviruses were examined by a series of hybridization experiments in which genomic rnas from 14 rotavirus strains derived from seven different host species were hybridized with the [32p]-labelled transcription probes prepared from 11 strains representing rotaviruses from those seven host species. in general ...	1991	1656919
molecular and serological analyses of two bovine rotaviruses (b-11 and b-60) causing calf scours in australia.	fecal specimens from 78 calves involved in outbreaks of calf diarrhea which occurred in three farms in victoria, australia, in 1988 were analyzed for rotaviruses. thirty-eight samples were positive for group a virus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 20 of these contained viral double-stranded rnas that could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. two major electropherotypes could be observed, and a representative isolate of each electropherotype (isolates b-11 and b-6 ...	1992	1310336
expression of the osu rotavirus outer capsid protein vp4 by an adenovirus recombinant.	full-length cdna of the vp4 gene of porcine rotavirus strain osu was cloned into adenovirus type 5 (ad5) downstream of the e3 promoter. the plaque-purified recombinant (ad5-osu vp4) expressed apparently authentic vp4 rotavirus outer capsid protein. the protein had the same molecular size (85 kda) and electrophoretic mobility as did native osu vp4 and was immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antiserum raised to osu vp4. cotton rats that possessed prechallenge rotavirus antibodies that may have been ...	1992	1318411
a serotype 10 human rotavirus.	rotaviruses with genome rearrangements isolated from a chronically infected immunodeficient child (f. hundley, m. mcintyre, b. clark, g. beards, d. wood, i. chrystie, and u. desselberger, j. virol 61:3365-3372, 1987) are the first recognized human isolates of serotype 10. this was shown by both a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assays using serotype specific monoclonal antibodies. the serotype was confirmed by sequence analysis of the gene encoding vp7, which re ...	1992	1320627
identification of candidate sequences that determine virulence in coxsackievirus b4.	we have previously shown that a major determinant of virulence for coxsackievirus b4 mapped to the 5' end of the viral genome. comparison of the corresponding cdna sequences of a virulent and a non-virulent virus has allowed the identification of candidate determinants of virulence in the 5' untranslated region and the capsid proteins vp1, vp2 and vp4. thirteen nucleotide substitutions were observed in a region spanning 3298 nucleotides. four mutations were detected in the non-coding region. of ...	1992	1320798
[the principal enteropathogens in infantile diarrhea in spain].		1992	1321314
subgroup i serotype 3 human rotavirus strains with long rna pattern as a result of naturally occurring reassortment between members of the bovine and au-1 genogroups.	two human rotavirus strains, pcp 5 and mz 58, which possessed an unusual combination of subgroup (i), serotype (3) and rna pattern (long) were examined by rna-rna hybridization to determine their genogroup. while these two strains did not belong to either the wa or the ds-1 genogroup, pcp 5 and mz 58 possessed seven gene segments that formed hybrids with bovine rotavirus strain ncdv and four gene segments that formed hybrids with human rotavirus strain au-1. these results suggest that pcp 5 and ...	1992	1326266
identification of human and bovine rotavirus serotypes by polymerase chain reaction.	the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for identifying serotypes of human and bovine rotaviruses was examined. in the identification of 115 human rotavirus samples in stools, results with pcr showed excellent agreement with results of serotyping by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. furthermore, the pcr showed a much higher sensitivity (93%) than the elisa test (82.6%). the pcr method could also be applied for identifying the serot ...	1992	1327857
human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastroenteritis.	acute gastrointestinal infections due to rotaviruses and other enteric pathogens are major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children throughout the world. breast-feeding can reduce the rate of serious gastroenteritis in infants; however, the degrees of protection offered against rotavirus infection vary in different populations. the mechanisms associated with milk-mediated protection against viral gastroenteritis have not been fully elucidated. we have isolated a macromolec ...	1992	1331178
[serotypes and electropherotypes of group a human rotaviruses in patients with acute gastroenteritis in saitama area, 1988-1991].	serotypes and rna electropherotypes of group a human rotaviruses were identified in stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis in kasukabe kosei hospital, saitama, japan, during three rotavirus seasons from 1988 to 1991. of the 665 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis, 169 (25.4%) stool samples were positive for group a human rotaviruses. of these 169 samples, 98 (58.0%) were serotype 1, 7 (4.1%) serotype 2, 14 (8.3%) serotype 3, 3 (1.8%) serotype 4 and 47 (27.8%) w ...	1992	1331261
mechanism of interferon action: identification of a rna binding domain within the n-terminal region of the human rna-dependent p1/eif-2 alpha protein kinase.	a molecular cdna clone of the human rna-dependent p1/eif-2 alpha protein kinase was expressed in escherichia coli. mutant p1 proteins were examined for rna binding activity by northwestern blot analysis using the reovirus s1 mrna, an activator of the kinase; the adenovirus vai rna, an inhibitor of kinase activation; or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) tar rna as probe. analysis of trpe-p1 deletion mutant fusion proteins revealed that the 11-kda n-terminal region of the p1 protein bound reoviru ...	1992	1373554
determination of human rotavirus vp4 using serotype-specific cdna probes.	the vp4 genetic groups of 151 field strains of human rotaviruses obtained from infants and young children with diarrhea from four locations in malaysia were analyzed. the strains were adapted to growth in tissue culture and studied further by molecular hybridization of northern blotted rna to pcr-generated cdna probes representing amino acids 84-180 of the ku strain vp4, 83-181 of the ds-1 strain vp4, and 83-180 of either the 1076 or k8 strain vp4, representing vp4 genetic groups 1-4 (p1a, p1b, ...	1993	8257289
analysis of homotypic and heterotypic serum immune responses to rotavirus proteins following primary rotavirus infection by using the radioimmunoprecipitation technique.	three sequential serum samples collected from each of 20 young children with a naturally acquired primary rotavirus infection were assayed by the radioimmunoprecipitation technique for immunoglobulin g antibodies to rotavirus structural and nonstructural proteins of the four major human rotavirus serotypes g1, p1a; g2, p1b; g3, p2; and g4, p2. fourteen children were infected with a serotype g1 rotavirus strain and six children were infected with a serotype g4 rotavirus strain. sera were collecte ...	1993	8381813