Publications

arrangement of trichokeratin intermediate filaments and matrix in the cortex of merino wool.	tomograms of transverse sections of merino wool fibers obtained from fleeces differing in fiber curvature were reconstructed from image series collected using a 300kv transmission electron microscope. trichokeratin intermediate filaments (ifs) from the ortho-, para- and mesocortices were modeled from the tomograms. ifs were predominantly arranged in left-handed concentric helices with the relative angle of ifs increasing progressively from the center to the periphery of orthocortex macrofibrils. ...	2011	20732426
disease control during the colonial period in australia.	the first permanent european settlers of australia arrived in 1788 to establish a penal colony at sydney, new south wales (nsw). as the colony grew and wool production increased, more free settlers and emancipists developed farming in inland australia. during the 1840s veterinarians commenced arriving in small numbers but they were not closely associated with the development and execution of disease control programs, which was left to lay inspectors of stock. the arrival of william tyson kendall ...	2011	21696369
minimising the development of anthelmintic resistance, and optimising the use of the novel anthelmintic monepantel, for the sustainable control of nematode parasites in australian sheep grazing systems.	to compare the risk of different treatment scenarios on selecting for anthelmintic resistance on australian sheep farms.	2011	21495986
no loss of production due to larval challenge in sheep given continuous anthelmintic treatment via a controlled release capsule.	this study aimed to quantify production loss due to larval challenge in sheep administered a controlled release albendazole capsule (crc) and thus determine the suitability of crc treated sheep as a proxy for worm-free sheep in grazing experiments. the experiment used an incomplete 2+ù3 latin square design with 81 merino wethers. sheep were either infected (inf) with mixed oral infection of albendazole-susceptible haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, and teladorsagia circumcinct ...	2011	21824729
Agricultural health and safety performance in Australia.	This study aimed to determine the proportion of Australian farming enterprises with systems and processes that meet current regulatory and industry standards for health and safety. Data from 683 farming enterprises were drawn from a nationally stratified random sample representing seven commodity sectors: beef cattle, cotton, dairy, horticulture, grain growing, sheep, and sugar cane. Results indicated low levels of implementation for farm health and safety plans as well as induction for new work ...	2011	21958403
age and nutrition influence the concentrations of three branched chain fatty acids in sheep fat from australian abattoirs.	the characteristic mutton odour, associated with the cooked meat of older sheep, can be problematic for some consumers who find the odour disagreeable. branch chain fatty acids (bcfas) are considered to be the main determinants of mutton odour. in this study, the aim was to identify the factors influencing the bcfa content of animals at abattoirs in australia. samples of subcutaneous fat from over the chump (gluteus medius) were collected from 533 sheep carcasses at abattoirs in new south wales, ...	2010	20696535
association of microsatellite polymorphisms with immune responses to a killed mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccine in merino sheep.	to study the association of polymorphisms at five microsatellite loci with immune responses to a killed mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) vaccine.	2010	20927174
the first report of ovine cerebral neosporosis and evaluation of neospora caninum prevalence in sheep in new south wales.	presence of neospora caninum dna was detected in the brain and spinal cord of an adult merino sheep suspected of dying with acute non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and mild to moderate non-suppurative myelitis. the most severe neurological lesions were found in the midbrain at the rostral coliculi with moderate to severe multifocal vasculitis and gliosis. as this was the first known occurrence of cerebral disease in sheep in australia caused by n. caninum, we surveyed sera from five sheep prop ...	2010	20189309
availability of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae to sheep following winter contamination of pasture with six nematode species on the northern tablelands of new south wales.	this experiment was designed to determine the infective consequences of winter pasture contamination by sheep infected with 6 species of trichostrongylid gastro-intestinal nematode (gin) at armidale in the new england region of nsw. ten helminthologically inert pasture plots were contaminated using 'donor' sheep harbouring artificial infections of haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus vitrinus, trichostrongylus axei, nematodirus spathiger and teladorsagia circumc ...	2009	19070435
estimated intakes of meat and fish by children and adolescents in australia and comparison with recommendations.	long-chain n-3 pufa are considered important for cardiovascular health and brain development. meat other than fish contributes significantly to total intakes of long-chain n-3 pufa in adults; however, there are limited published data examining the intake of individual meat sources in children and adolescents in the australian population. a review of literature was conducted using pubmed, agricola and cab abstracts using the terms 'intake', 'beef', 'lamb', 'pork', 'poultry', 'fish', 'children' an ...	2009	19055853
the relative contributions of t. colubriformis, t. vitrinus, t. axei and t. rugatus to sheep infected with trichostrongylus spp. on the northern tablelands of new south wales.	this survey was designed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution and the relative contributions of trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus vitrinus, trichostrongylus axei and trichostrongylus rugatus to sheep infected with trichostrongylus spp. on the northern tablelands of nsw. thirty completed larval cultures were collected from a commercial parasitology laboratory servicing the northern tablelands of nsw between june and december 2007. cultures were selected at random from ...	2009	19632782
undergraduate veterinary students' perceptions of the usefulness, focus, and application of epidemiology before and after epidemiology courses.	student perception of the relevance of a topic is known to influence learning outcomes. to determine student perceptions of the usefulness, focus, and application of epidemiology, we conducted a study at two australian veterinary schools in 2005. veterinary students in year 3 at the university of sydney and in year 5 at the university of queensland completed a self-administered questionnaire at the commencement and conclusion of an epidemiology course. at both universities, while over 95% of stu ...	2009	20054079
financial modelling of the potential cost of ovine johne's disease and the benefit of vaccinating sheep flocks in southern new south wales.	to develop an enterprise gross margin (gm) model that predicts the on-farm financial impact of ovine johne's disease (ojd) for various sheep enterprises in australia. in addition, to estimate the benefits and costs of control through the use of the gudair vaccination, including a breakeven point.	2008	18826512
increasing heel skin perfusion by elevation.	to determine the efficacy of elevation in the primary prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers by studying the blood flow in tissue at risk of ulceration.	2008	18156828
cross species transmission of ovine johne's disease from sheep to cattle: an estimate of prevalence in exposed susceptible cattle.	to determine the prevalence of infection of cattle with the sheep strain of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis at least two years after exposure at < 6 months old.	2008	18363982
cerebellar ataxia in sheep grazing pastures infested with romulea rosea (onion grass or guildford grass).	there have been anecdotal reports since 1962 of 'staggers' in sheep grazing romulea rosea infested pastures, but this is the first detailed account. in september 2005, a locomotor disorder developed in 12 of 120 merino wethers that had grazed r. rosea infested pasture at albury, new south wales, over several months. affected sheep displayed signs that included limb paresis, knuckling over in the fetlocks, fine head tremor, incoordination, and an equilibrium disturbance characterised by frequent ...	2008	18782418
a salmonella typhimurium 197 outbreak linked to the consumption of lambs' liver in sydney, nsw.	we identified an increase in the number of cases of salmonella typhimurium phage type 197 in new south wales in february 2005. cases were predominantly of lebanese descent. to identify risk factors for illness, we conducted an unmatched case-control study including 12 cases and 21 controls. eight of 12 cases (67%) and no controls reported eating lambs' liver (or incalculable, p<0.05), and seven of nine cases (78%) and one of 21 controls (5%) reported eating fresh fish (or 70.0, p<0.05). among pa ...	2008	17565766
lesions attributed to vaccination of sheep with gudair for the control of ovine paratuberculosis: post farm economic impacts at slaughter.	to determine i) the prevalence of lesions at the site of vaccination with gudair, and ii) the incidence of discounting of slaughtered sheep carcasses due to the presence of these lesions.	2007	17397381
estimating the incidence of fly myiases in australian sheep flocks: development of a weather-driven regression model.	the blowfly, lucilia cuprina wiedemann (diptera: calliphoridae), is the primary myiasis (strike) fly of sheep in australia. most strike occurs in the anal-perineum area (crutch), but strike to the neck, shoulders, back and withers (body) is also important. regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which the weekly incidence of flystrike can be explained by variations in fly abundance and/or recent changes in weather, pasture conditions or flock management. strike and flock manageme ...	2007	17550435
training in animal handling for veterinary students at charles sturt university, australia.	charles sturt university in new south wales, australia, is responding to a national need for veterinarians with the skills and attributes to fulfill roles in rural practice and the large-animal industries. rural practitioners must competently and confidently handle a range of large animals if they are to build a relationship of mutual trust with clients and deliver effective animal-health services. training in animal handling begins in the first year of the course with highly structured small-gr ...	2007	18326765
losses of adult sheep due to ovine johne's disease in 12 infected flocks over a 3-year period.	to measure the biological and financial impact of ovine johne's disease (ojd) mortalities on 12 infected flocks within the endemic area of southern new south wales over a 3-year period.	2006	16879127
the impact of malnutrition and other causes of losses of adult sheep in 12 flocks during drought.	to establish the range and cost of losses in merino flocks in southern new south wales during drought conditions by determining the cause of death, morbidity or wasting in adult sheep.	2006	16879129
no evidence of endemic borna disease virus infection in australian horses in contrast with endemic infection in other continents.	borna disease virus (bdv) is a unique rna virus that is a cause of neurological disease in horses, sheep and cats. the finding that bdv also infects humans has raised concern related to the impact of infection with this virus. the extent to which bdv may be endemic in geographical regions outside europe is of interest in management of international movement of animals including horses. sera from australian horses (n = 553) sampled in sydney, new south wales (nsw), were analysed for bdv antigen, ...	2006	16328145
bioassay-derived androgenic and estrogenic activity in municipal sewage in australia and new zealand.	raw sewage and sewage at various stages of treatment were sampled from 15 municipal sewage treatment plants in south queensland (australia) and canterbury (new zealand). estrogenic and androgenic activities were determined with sheep estrogen receptor and rainbow trout androgen receptor binding assays, respectively. selected estrogenic chemicals were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the raw sewage influents contained significant levels of both estrogenic (<4-185 ng/l estrad ...	2006	16169080
biological control of nematode parasites in sheep.	in a world in which sheep producers are facing increasing problems due to the rapid spread of anthelmintic resistance, the battle against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes is a difficult one. one of the potential new tools for integrated control strategies is biological control by means of the nematode-destroying microfungus duddingtonia flagrans. this fungus forms sticky traps that catch developing larval stages of parasitic nematodes in the fecal environment. when resting spores (chlamydosp ...	2006	16582084
family conflict in dementia: prodigal sons and black sheep.	to describe family conflict in cases of dementia referred to the guardianship tribunal of new south wales, australia.	2006	16676295
a preliminary study of possible genetic influences on the susceptibility of sheep to johne's disease.	to investigate possible genetic influences on susceptibility or resistance of sheep to johne's disease.	2005	16035186
longitudinal study of the spread of ovine johne's disease in a sheep flock in southeastern new south wales.	the aim of this study was to apply whole flock testing over time to determine the prevalence, distribution and spread of infection in a recently infected flock, with a view to planning intervention strategies for disease control.	2005	15907043
25 years of natural product r&d with new south wales agriculture.	following recent nsw government restructuring, the department of agriculture now exists in a composite form along with forestry, fisheries and minerals in the new nsw department of primary industries. this paper outlines some of the highlights of secondary metabolite r&d accomplished in the 25 years since the essential oil research unit was transferred from the museum of applied arts & sciences, sydney to nsw agriculture's wollongbar agricultural institute on the nsw north coast. the essential o ...	2005	18007515
rapid identification of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolates associated with diarrhoea in queensland piggeries.	to identify virulence genes in enterotoxigenic e coli (etec) isolates associated with diarrhoea in neonatal, 1 to 3 week-old and weaned pigs in southeast queensland.	2005	15957392
surgical method for biopsy of terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph node of sheep for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.		2004	15088979
field evaluation of tracer sheep for the detection of early natural infection with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.	to determine whether tracer sheep could be used to detect s strain mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on pasture, and to provide further insight into the early stages of infection.	2004	15354852
intrauterine and transmammary transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in sheep.	to investigate intrauterine infection of foetuses with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and the presence of infection in mammary secretions of sheep.	2004	15359967
cross-sectional study of risk factors for the clinical expression of ovine johne's disease on new south wales farms.	to explore the environmental and management risk factors that promote the clinical expression of ovine johne's disease on farms in new south wales.	2004	15267095
moxidectin-resistant haemonchus contortus in sheep in northern new south wales.		2003	15080459
eradication of footrot of lesser clinical severity (intermediate footrot).	to determine if intermediate footrot (ifr) can be eradicated from a flock of sheep by inspection and culling of cases during a non-transmission period and if prior antibiotic treatment or vaccination increases the likelihood of eradication.	2003	15086111
a study of the foodborne pathogens: campylobacter, listeria and yersinia, in faeces from slaughter-age cattle and sheep in australia.	in a study of faeces from 475 slaughter-age cattle and sheep from 19 herds or flocks, campylobacter species (c. jejuni and c. coli) were cultured from all production systems studied and from 73.7 per cent (14/19) of herds or flocks. within individual properties there was a higher prevalence in cattle than in sheep, with campylobacter being most commonly isolated from feedlot cattle. the median prevalences and ranges were: for dairy cattle, six per cent (0-24%), feedlot beef cattle, 58 per cent ( ...	2003	12926738
monte carlo simulation of flock-level sensitivity of abattoir surveillance for ovine paratuberculosis.	we used monte carlo simulation to estimate distributions for flock-level sensitivity of abattoir-based surveillance for ovine paratuberculosis as currently practised in new south wales, australia. probability distributions were used as input variables for within-flock prevalence, years-infected and individual animal-level sensitivity and specificity of gross pathology as a screening test for the presence of paratuberculosis. distributions used as inputs for the size of abattoir-slaughter groups ...	2003	14623414
effect of climatic region on the clinical expression of footrot of lesser clinical severity (intermediate footrot) in sheep.	to determine if the clinical classification of intermediate footrot (ifr) is changed to virulent footrot (vfr) by a transfer of the infected flock to a region where climatic conditions are more favourable for the transmission of the disease.	2003	15080488
culture of pooled tissues for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in individual sheep.		2003	15080490
specificity of absorbed elisa and agar gel immuno-diffusion tests for paratuberculosis in goats with observations about use of these tests in infected goats.	to determine the specificity of serological tests that are currently used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories in australia for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in goats.	2003	15084016
prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and usage of caseous lymphadenitis vaccines in sheep flocks.	to estimate the prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis (cla), determine the current usage of vaccines against cla and to measure the effectiveness of these vaccines on sheep farms.	2003	15084020
anthelmintic resistance in sheep worms in new south wales, australia.		2002	11858150
the efficacy of formulations of triclabendazole and ivermectin in combination against liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) and gastro-intestinal nematodes in cattle and sheep and sucking lice species in cattle.	to assess the efficacy of two formulations of triclabendazole and ivermectin in combination against liver fluke (fasciola hepatica), gastro-intestinal nematodes and sucking louse species in cattle and sheep.	2002	12465830
the estimated prevalence of johne's disease infected sheep flocks in australia.	to estimate the likely geographical distribution and flock-prevalence of ovine johne's disease (ojd) in australia.	2002	12537142
the squatters and the blowflies.	cutaneous myiasis in australian sheep became an increasing problem in the early years of the 20th century after the import of the wrinkly vermont merinos and the introduction of lucillia cuprina. we abbott, a successful pastoralist in new south wales at that time, wrote a little-known and unusual description of early methods of control: a parody based on an episode in through the looking glass by lewis carroll. the plight of struck sheep and the lives and times of abbott, several other pastorali ...	2002	12222603
sensitivity and specificity of pooled faecal culture and serology as flock-screening tests for detection of ovine paratuberculosis in australia.	the flock-level sensitivity of pooled faecal culture and serological testing using agid for the detection of ovine johne's disease-infected flocks were estimated using non-gold-standard methods. the two tests were compared in an extensive field trial in 296 flocks in new south wales during 1998. in each flock, a sample of sheep was selected and tested for ovine johne's disease using both the agid and pooled faecal culture. the flock-specificity of pooled faecal culture also was estimated from re ...	2002	11849717
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in merino sheep.	to characterise neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ncl) in merino sheep.	2002	12074311
ovine johne's disease in australia--the first 20 years.	to review the history of ovine johne's disease in australia.	2001	11549048
isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from the semen of rams with clinical johne's disease.		2001	11789915
reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against field isolates of haemonchus contortus.	to investigate the reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against two field isolates of haemonchus contortus. these isolates were identified on separate properties in the new england region of new south wales.	2001	11837906
molecular epidemiological confirmation and circumstances of occurrence of sheep (s) strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cases of paratuberculosis in cattle in australia and sheep and cattle in iceland.	distinct strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with a tendency to segregate in either sheep, or cattle and other ruminants, have been described and are known as s and c strains, respectively. these strains can be distinguished by a polymorphism in the is1311 element and other dna-based methods. c strains are relatively easy to culture from tissues and faeces of animals with paratuberculosis but s strains are difficult to culture. a retrospective survey of archival formalin-fixed ...	2001	11267791
epidemiology and control of menangle virus in pigs.	to describe the epidemiology and eradication of menangle virus infection in pigs.	2001	11301749
algal infection in sheep grazing irrigated pasture.		2001	11301751
a neurological locomotor disorder in sheep grazing stachys arvensis.	to describe the clinical signs and pathology of a neurological locomotor disorder in sheep associated with ingestion of stachys arvensis.	2001	11491223
paraquat poisoning in sheep from contaminated water.		2001	11837907
waavp/pfizer award for excellence in veterinary parasitology research. my involvement in, and some thoughts for livestock parasitological research in australia.	being presented with the waavp pfizer award for excellence in parasitological research is the pinnacle of my career. in accepting i acknowledge the support that i have received from workmates, colleagues, friends and family over the years that i have been involved in this field of endeavour. parasitic disease is the most significant threat to the australian sheep industry. a lack of understanding of drug action, the absence of epidemiologically-based treatment programs and incorrect or excessive ...	2000	10681027
laboratory and field studies of an antigen capture elisa for bluetongue virus.	an improved bluetongue antigen capture elisa (btace) technique was evaluated for its ability to detect the full range of 24 bluetongue (blu) serotypes. the btace detected all 24 serotypes in cell culture fluids, including eight serotypes where the representative strains originated from both australia and also from the south african reference collection. the amount of infectious virus required to obtain a positive btace result varied between 100-1000 tcid50. this was approximately 10-fold more se ...	2000	10716347
molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism and is1311 polymorphism analyses of isolates from animals and a human in australia.	the distribution and prevalence of strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were determined among sheep, cattle, and other species with johne's disease in australia. a total of 328 isolates were evaluated from numerous farms in new south wales, victoria, tasmania, and south australia, australia. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of genomic dna using bsteii and an is900 probe and is1311 polymorphism analysis using pcr and restriction endonuclease analysis (pcr ...	2000	10970365
gender and drought: experiences of australian women in the drought of the 1990s.	a unique collaborative, sociological study undertaken during 1995-7, explored the social construction of drought as a disaster, looking at farm families in two australian states: queensland (beef producers) and new south wales (sheep/wheat producers). a decision was made to interview the women and men separately to test our hypothesis that there would be gender issues in any analysis of a disaster, but particularly one which has had so much long-term impact on individuals, families and communiti ...	2000	10718013
experiences with vaccination and epidemiological investigations on an anthrax outbreak in australia in 1997.	between january and february 1997, there was a severe outbreak of anthrax on 83 properties in north-central victoria, australia. vaccination was used as a major tool to control the outbreak by establishing a vaccination buffer zone 30 km by 20 km. in all, 78, 649 cattle in 457 herds were vaccinated in a three week program. in the face of the outbreak, there was a delay before vaccination was able to stop deaths. in the 10 days following vaccination 144 cases of confirmed anthrax occurred and 38 ...	1999	10475972
anthrax explodes in an australian summer.	anthrax occurred on 83 properties in an area of north central victoria between 26 january and 26 march in the summer of 1997. anthrax had not been recorded in the outbreak area since records were initiated in 1914, although anthrax did occur in the general area in the 1880s to 1890s. standard australian control measures were applied to the properties, including quarantine, tracing movements of animals on and off affected properties, secure disposal of carcases by burning, enhanced surveillance o ...	1999	10475947
the return to coree: the surgical connection.	samuel wilson purchased coree in 1865. in 1874 he donated 30000 pound sterling to melbourne university to build the wilson hall, used for ceremonial occasions including medical graduation. samuel mccaughey purchased coree in 1881. in 1919 he left large bequests used by sydney university to found the first chair of surgery. this was held by frances percival sandes from 1921 to 1928. david mccaughey died of general peritonitis at coree in 1899, his son samuel married una mckellar who was thomas du ...	1999	10030818
shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in sheep and pre-slaughter lambs in eastern australia.	sheep and lambs from 14 farms in southern queensland and one from central new south wales were surveyed to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). stec, isolated from 45% of 144 sheep faeces collected on the farms and 36% of 72 lamb faeces from abattoir yards, were tested for the presence of genes encoding virulence factors. most (64%) of the 117 stec isolates contained shiga toxin 1 and 2 genes, 22% contained those encoding shiga toxin 1, and 14% contained gen ...	1999	10347885
combining data from morphological traits and genetic markers to determine transmission cycles in the tape worm, echinococcus granulosus.	species of echinococcus (cestoda: taeniidae) require 2 mammalian hosts to complete their life-cycle; a carnivorous definitive host, and a herbivorous or omnivorous intermediate host. for most species of echinococcus, the definitive host range is restricted to 1 or a few species, but the intermediate host range is very broad. programmes to control hydatid disease attempt to break the life-cycle of the parasite and their effectiveness is therefore enhanced by an understanding of local patterns of ...	1998	9778641
the potential of nematophagous fungi to control the free-living stages of nematode parasites of sheep: studies with duddingtonia flagrans.	the nematophagous fungus, duddingtonia flagrans, isolated from a fresh sheep faecal sample obtained from a farm in northern new south wales, australia, was subjected to a number of in vivo investigations in both surgically modified and normal sheep to determine its capacity to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. single and sustained dosing experiments established that between 5 x 10(5) and 10(6) chlamydospores/day resulted in a substantial (> 80%) reduction in the number of infec ...	1998	9653996
ovine johne's disease: the risk associated with sheep imported into western australia.	to assess the risk of johne's disease not being detected in sheep imported from new south wales into western australia.	1998	9741723
scrapie-free merino and poll dorset sheep from australia and new zealand have normal frequencies of scrapie-susceptible prp genotypes.	as natural scrapie occurs only in sheep of specific prp genotypes, one proposed aetiology was that scrapie is simply a genetic disease. however, cheviot and suffolk sheep of scrapie-susceptible genotypes are found in australia and new zealand, both generally accepted to be scrapie-free countries. a study of more common australia and new zealand sheep breeds (merinos and poll dorsets) was carried out in order to obtain more generally applicable estimates of australia and new zealand sheep prp gen ...	1998	9714260
ovine johne's disease.		1997	9404611
an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in young rusa deer (cervus timorensis).	on the basis of clinical signs and histological findings eight 9-month-old male rusa deer (cervus timorensis) were diagnosed with sheep associated-malignant catarrhal fever. following a variable course involving rectal temperatures around 40.5 degrees c, depression, inappetence, diarrhoea, corneal opacity and hypopyon all animals died or were euthanased over a 5-week period. severe multifocal vasculitis, mainly periglomerular and in the arcuate vessels were consistent histological findings which ...	1997	9406629
differentiation of australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	to examine strain variation amongst australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.	1997	9469224
sheep deaths after accidental ingestion of gypsum fertiliser.		1997	9034493
efficacy of ivermectin controlled-release capsules for the control and prevention of nasal bot infestations in sheep.	to investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against nasal bots (oestrus ovis) in sheep.	1997	9034497
australian farm work injuries: incidence, diversity and personal risk factors.	information on farm work-related injuries was sought to assist in the design of effective farm safety prevention programs. a telephone survey was conducted using a stratified random sample of 919 sheep/wool, beef cattle and dryland broadacre cropping farms from three shires in the wheat/sheep belt of new south wales. the adjusted response rate was 84%. there were 425 reported injuries over an 18-month period. one in five farms reported at least one injury per year, while one in 12 farms reported ...	1996	9437142
wildlife reservoir for human hydatidosis.		1996	8668088
naphthalophos combinations with benzimidazoles or levamisole as effective anthelmintics for sheep.	to investigate the relative efficacy and safety of the anthelmintic naphthalophos in sheep, either given alone or in combination with benzimidazole (fenbendazole and albendazole) or levamisole anthelmintics.	1996	8894038
field trials of a formulation containing moxidectin and 6 in 1 vaccines for sheep.	to assess the efficacy and safety of a formulation containing moxidectin and 6 in 1 vaccine in sheep under field conditions.	1996	8894039
efficacy of a novel copper-based footbath preparation for the treatment of ovine footrot during the spread period.	to determine the efficacy of a novel copper based footbath preparation (chf-1020) for treatment of ovine footrot during the spread period.	1996	8941419
dietary protein for young grazing sheep: interactions with gastrointestinal parasitism.	effects of protein supplementation and of nematode control on production responses in young grazing sheep and on nematode population dynamics were assessed. young merino wether sheep (n = 270) were allocated to one of three supplementation (su) treatments and one of three regimes of nematode control (drench, dr) in a factorial design. each of the nine treatments was replicated three times in a randomised complete block. animals received no supplement (su0) or were given supplements at a level eq ...	1995	8747911
influences of vector biology on transmission of arboviruses and outbreaks of disease: the culicoides brevitarsis model.	the use of a model to appraise arboviral epizootics is described, and examples are given which demonstrated long-distance wind-dispersal of the biting-midge vector culicoides brevitarsis from the same endemic source. vector abundance is characterised by peaks and troughs of abundance, the patterns of which vary between localities and annually. short term climatic effects can change rapidly the age structure of a population, thus increasing the number of midges that can transmit a virus and profo ...	1995	8545983
clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of flood plain staggers, a corynetoxicosis of livestock grazing agrostis avenacea.	flood plain staggers, a corynetoxicosis of grazing livestock, occurred on flood plains of the darling river in northern new south wales between spring 1990 and autumn 1991, associated with the grazing of agrostis avenacea with diseased inflorescences. over this period 1722 cattle, 2466 sheep and 11 horses died on 31 farms. clinical signs were similar in sheep and cattle, being characterised by intermittent episodes of cerebral convulsion superimposed on varying degrees of cerebellar dysfunction. ...	1995	7661820
pasteurella haemolytica septicaemia in sheep.		1995	8825318
the characteristics and causes of sheep losses in the victorian mallee.	the extent and causes of sheep losses in the semi-arid mallee region of north-western victoria were assessed by interviewing the owners of 79 randomly selected farms running 241 flocks in 1987/88 and 245 flocks in 1988/89. mean annual losses were higher in ram flocks (21%) than in ewe flocks (7%), in flocks of non-merino sheep (rams 24%, ewes 11%, weaners 5%) than in merino (rams 11%, ewes 6%, wethers 4%, weaners 4%) and in ewe flocks 3 or more years old (10%) than in young ewe flocks (3.5%). in ...	1995	8585847
quarantine requirements for the importation of black rhinoceros from zimbabwe into australia.	the proposal by the zoological parks board of new south wales to import 10 southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe as part of an international project for conservation of the species presented the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis) with a unique challenge. this importation is, at least in the modern era, the first importation of live herbivores from the african continent. many of the serious animal diseases in the world are endemic in parts of africa. knowledg ...	1995	8599567
prevalence of virulent footrot in sheep flocks in southern new south wales.		1994	7848187
application of elisa to the serological diagnosis of virulent ovine footrot.	the sensitivity and specificity of an elisa that detects antibody in the serum of sheep against dichelobacter nodosus was investigated. the sensitivity of the assay was determined in two trials in which sheep free of virulent footrot were exposed to a virulent strain of d. nodosus. in the first trial up to 96.6% of sheep that developed severe foot lesions were seropositive 2 weeks later. the proportion of seropositive sheep depended on the interval between exposure to d. nodosus and collection o ...	1994	7801518
prevalence of the causes of fleece derangement among sheep flocks in new south wales.	an investigation of sheep flocks with unknown histories of fleece derangement, selected at random from the main sheep raising areas of new south wales, showed that psorergates ovis was present in 53 of the 177 flocks surveyed and in 162 of the 3495 sheep examined. of the single causes of fleece derangement, the most prevalent was grass seed contamination (15.7%) followed by infestation with sheep body lice, bovicola ovis, (14.7%) and infestation with itch mite (7.8%). the prevalence of fleece de ...	1993	8216084
methods for assessing the impact of avermectins on the decomposer community of sheep pastures.	this paper outlines methods which can be used in the field assessment of potentially toxic chemicals such as the avermectins. the procedures focus on measuring the effects of the drug on decomposer organisms and the nutrient cycling process in pastures grazed by sheep. measurements of decomposer activity are described along with methods for determining dry and organic matter loss and mineral loss from dung to the underlying soil. sampling methods for both micro- and macro-invertebrates are discu ...	1993	8346652
morphological characterization of adult echinococcus granulosus as a means of determining transmission patterns.	host induced changes in morphological characters of the rostellar hooks of echinococcus granulosus were used to determine the origin of infection in definitive hosts in rural areas of southeastern australia where wild and domestic cycles of transmission may interact. the morphological characters studied vary depending on the species of intermediate host (macropod marsupials, sheep) in which protoscoleces develop, and these characters are retained in adult worms. it was therefore possible to dete ...	1993	8437058
control of gastrointestinal nematodes in australia in the 21st century.	because the australian livestock industries rely overwhelmingly on year-round grazing of pastures, nematode parasites are of major concern. nematode parasitism is recognized as the cause of the most economically important diseases of sheep, while in cattle, the relative importance of nematode parasitism will probably increase following the eradication of diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis. the extraordinarily high prevalence of resistance to benzimidazoles, levamisole and morantel in ...	1993	8484214
factors affecting the prevalence and severity of footrot in a merino flock selected for resistance to haemonchus contortus.	an outbreak of virulent footrot occurred in three lines of sheep selected for different levels of resistance to haemonchus contortus, providing an opportunity to examine the factors affecting footrot severity. the selection lines did not differ significantly in average footrot score, but various other factors were found to have an effect. in breeding ewes, the average score was 10.2 (maximum possible score 20) and the prevalence of footrot was 96%. there was a significant age effect, with averag ...	1993	8257313
a genetic comparison of human and wildlife isolates of echinococcus granulosus in queensland: public health implications.	to test the hypothesis that the hydatid parasite infecting macropods and dingoes in queensland is a sylvatic strain of echinococcus granulosus, distinct from the domestic strain which produces cysts in sheep and humans.	1992	1346467
anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in the new england region of new south wales.		1992	1530557
ovine nasal zygomycosis caused by conidiobolus incongruus.	about 700 sheep died on 52 farms in north-western new south wales and south-western queensland over a 3 mo period. affected animals had a marked asymmetrical swelling of the face, extending from the nostril to just anterior to the eyes. they lost condition rapidly and died within 7 to 10 days. at necropsy there was a unilateral severe necrogranulomatous rhinitis with extension of inflammation into the adjacent subcutaneous tissue, nasal septum and hard palate. metastatic lesions were present in ...	1992	1445069
anthrax. human cutaneous anthrax--a case report.		1991	1911169
progressive ataxia associated with degenerative thoracic myelopathy in merino sheep.	a neurological disorder in merino sheep, characterised clinically by progressive posterior ataxia and microscopically by wallerian degeneration in thoracic segments of the spinal cord, is described. animals of both sexes were affected, with the earliest onset of disease being at 5 months of age. most affected animals died before 2 years of age. the clinical, pathological and epidemiological features suggest that this degenerative thoracic myelopathy is a previously unrecognised entity differing ...	1991	1776933
local eradication of haemonchus contortus using closantel.		1991	1755790
yersinia species isolated from sheep with enterocolitis.	in 40 submissions to the regional veterinary laboratory (rvl) wagga wagga from sheep in southern new south wales from 1981 to 1989, 53 isolates of yersinia sp were recovered from 45 sheep in 37 flocks. of 53 isolates, 26 were identified as y. pseudotuberculosis, 20 as y. enterocolitica, 5 as y. intermedia and 2 as y. frederiksenii. twelve isolates of y. pseudotuberculosis tested in the slide agglutination test all belonged to serotype iii. the 20 y. enterocolitica isolates were categorised bioch ...	1991	2043083
abortions in sheep due to listeria ivanovii.		1991	2018457
meningoencephalitis and other conditions associated with histophilus ovis infection in sheep.	histophilus ovis was isolated from 29 sheep in 20 flocks and 2 artificial insemination (ai) centres in southern new south wales from 1984 to 1990. the clinical and pathological findings were consistent with previous reports and included polyarthritis (7 flocks), epididymo-orchitis (5), meningoencephalitis (3), pneumonia (3), septicaemia (2), mastitis (1) and metritis (1). six sheep had meningoencephalitis, a syndrome not previously associated with h ovis infection in sheep, which was similar pat ...	1991	1807244