Publications

mercury content of small pan fish from new york state waters.	yellow perch (perca flavescens) and pumpkin seed (lepomis gibbosus) were sampled from 16 waters in new york-state and analyzed for total mercury concentration. the levels of mercury in the fish were all well below the safe guideline for human consumption (1 ppm of mercury, fresh weight) of the u.s. food and drug administration. factors affecting the mobility, methylation and absorption of mercury by fish are discussed.	1994	7953472
intersecting epidemics--crack cocaine use and hiv infection among inner-city young adults. multicenter crack cocaine and hiv infection study team.	the smoking of "crack" cocaine is thought to be associated with high-risk sexual practices that accelerate the spread of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we studied 2323 young adults, 18 to 29 years of age, who smoked crack regularly or who had never smoked crack. the study participants, recruited from the streets of inner-city neighborhoods in new york, miami, and san francisco, were interviewed and tested for hiv. this report presents the findings for the 1967 participant ...	1994	7969281
rickettsialpox in a new york city hospital, 1980 to 1989.	rickettsialpox is caused by rickettsia akari, which is transmitted from rodents to humans by bloodsucking mites. the initial skin lesion forms an eschar and is followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, and 5 to 40 maculopapules and papulovesicles. the disease, which responds to tetracycline, can be mistaken for chickenpox. the diagnosis has been based on an increase in serum antibody titers against r. akari over a period of three to eight weeks. we discuss a more rapid technique th ...	1994	7969341
drug-resistant tuberculosis: etiology, management and prevention.	drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis inevitably arises from inadequate or inappropriate drug taking or drug prescribing, effectively resulting in monotherapy. this may occur in the patient being treated (acquired resistance) or in a patient who has been infected by another patient with drug resistant tuberculosis (primary resistance). there is some evidence that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, ie, resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin, is increasing in the united states and in other c ...	1994	7973169
transmission of tuberculosis in new york city. an analysis by dna fingerprinting and conventional epidemiologic methods.	the incidence of tuberculosis and drug resistance is increasing in the united states, but it is not clear how much of the increase is due to reactivation of latent infection and how much to recent transmission.	1994	7993412
the epidemiology of bat rabies in new york state, 1988-92.	in 1993 new york and texas each reported a human rabies case traced to a rare variant of rabies virus found in an uncommon species of bat. this study examined the epidemiology of bat rabies in new york state. demographic, species, and animal-contact information for bats submitted for rabies testing from 1988-92 was analysed. the prevalence of rabies in 6810 bats was 4.6%. nearly 90% of the 308 rabid bats identified to species were the common big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus), which comprised 62% ...	1994	7995360
risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions on pap smear in women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection.	to determine risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) on pap smear, 253 women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection had pap smear, hiv antibody testing, cd4+ cell measurements, and human papillomavirus (hpv) genome detection by southern blot hybridization. associated with sil (p < .05) on univariate analysis were genital hpv (sil prevalence in hpv-positive subjects, 36.3%; odds ratio [or], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [ci], 4.2-20.3) and hiv infection (sil preva ...	1994	7995978
human immunodeficiency virus infection care is unavailable to inmates on release from jail.	the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence in urban jails is higher than that in the general community.	1994	8000561
condom use among criminally-involved adolescents.	condom use was studied for 421 sexually active, minority male adolescents who were currently in jail in new york city. over three-quarters of the youths were users of alcohol and marijuana and about one-quarter were users of cocaine or crack, but drug injectors were rare. in the six months before arrest they had multiple sexual partners and about one-third had engaged in anal intercourse. inconsistent condom use was the norm, with 17% reporting that they never used condoms and only 15% reporting ...	1994	7711092
hpv detection using "hot start" polymerase chain reaction in patients with oral cancer: a clinicopathological study of 64 patients.	we examined the incidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in intraoral cancers from 64 patients as determined by the highly sensitive technique of "hot start" polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. polymerase-chain-reaction-amplified hpv dna was detected in the carcinomas of 16 patients (25%). the percentage of men in the hpv-positive (hpv+) group was greater than that in the hpv-negative (hpv-) group (86% versus 68%), but the difference was not statistically ...	1994	7824504
nativity concentration and internal migration among the foreign-born.	are immigrants who live in states where large numbers of their compatriots reside more or less likely to migrate than those who live in other states? using 1980 u.s. census data to address that question, the analysis shows that nativity concentration deters interstate migration but not migration within the same state. residing in a state where fellow nationals live is a more important determinant of internal migration than human capital, immigration status, or a state's unemployment rate. new yo ...	1994	7828769
hans-lukas teuber: a tribute.	hans-lukas teuber (1916-1977) was one of the most influential neuropsychologists of his generation. in the first part of his career he headed the psychophysiology laboratory at the new york university--bellevue medical center. there he and his associates played a major role in establishing human neuropsychology as a rigorous experimental science closely linked to contemporary neurophysiology and experimental psychology. in the second part of his career he founded the department of psychology at ...	1994	7833648
distribution of the latency period for perinatally acquired aids.	in the united states, over 86 per cent of paediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were infected through maternal or perinatal transmission and current estimates suggest that approximately 6000 children are born to infected women each year. in industrialized countries, less than 25 per cent of infants maternally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are infected. the exact time of infection is unknown. however an endpoint, birth, exists from which the latency per ...	1994	7846408
dioxins in u.s. food and estimated daily intake.	congener-specific analyses for polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans were performed on eighteen dairy, meat, and fish samples obtained from a supermarket in upstate new york. dioxin toxic equivalents (teqs) on a whole or wet weight basis for these food samples ranged from 0.02 to 1.5 parts per trillion (ppt). data on american food consumption rates were used to estimate a u.s. range of dioxin intake from food. based on these first congener-specific dioxin analyses of u.s. food, u.s. average ...	1994	7850373
preparations for aids vaccine trials. retention, behavior change, and hiv-seroconversion among injecting drug users (idus) and sexual partners of idus.	the likelihood that subjects in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine efficacy trials will alter their behavioral risks for hiv infection over time must be considered in evaluating the feasibility of such trials and in estimating the necessary sample sizes to be enrolled. potential subjects for future vaccine efficacy trials include injecting drug users (idus) and others who may be difficult to retain in studies and who may alter hiv-risk-related behaviors substantially over time. we have i ...	1994	7865302
hiv antibody testing and client retention in the therapeutic community. a preliminary report of phoenix house.	this report describes the current approach to testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody at phoenix house, a large therapeutic community (tc) in the northeastern united states, and presents findings on retention of clients who have been tested for hiv antibodies and notified of their hiv serostatus. a total of 240 clients were tested while in treatment at phoenix house between april 1988 and july 1992. of these, 51 tested hiv positive. an additional 76 clients had tested positiv ...	1994	7869470
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1993.	in 1993, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 9,495 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. greater than 93% (8,889 cases) were wild animals, whereas 6.4% (606 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 9.9% over that of 1992 (8,645 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons (37.1% increase in reported cases over 1992). t ...	1994	7744643
developmental and service needs of school-age children with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a descriptive study.	to describe the developmental functioning and service needs of a group of school-age children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	1994	7526329
aids, hiv infection, and illicit drug use within inner-city families and social networks.	drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. this study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among drug users' sexual partners and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk.	1994	8296952
the third epidemic--multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.	we recently observed a striking increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) among patients admitted to the chest service at bellevue hospital center in new york. we reviewed the laboratory susceptibility test results of 4,681 tuberculosis (tb) cases over the past 20 years, combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampin increased from 2.5 percent in 1971 to 16 percent in 1991 with higher rates noted for individual drugs. we reviewed the medical records of 100 patients with drug-resistant ...	1994	8275781
continuity and change within an hiv epidemic. injecting drug users in new york city, 1984 through 1992.	to examine trends in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) risk behavior and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among injecting drug users (idus) in new york city from 1984 through 1992.	1994	8264066
clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of mycobacterium haemophilum, an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients.	to describe 13 infections caused by mycobacterium haemophilum.	1994	8256970
identifying newborn babies who test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.		1994	7857445
estimation of the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in new york city.	cryptococcal infections are not reportable illnesses, and there have been limited attempts to estimate their incidence or prevalence. this study estimates the prevalence of cryptococcal disease in new york city in 1991 among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who were at risk. numerator data were generated by surveying all hospitals in new york city to determine the number of patients with cultures positive for cryptococcus neoformans as well as the number of patients with posi ...	1994	7888529
a genetic marker and family history study of the upstate new york multiple sclerosis cluster.	we report nine additional cases of new-onset multiple sclerosis (ms) among employees of an upstate new york manufacturing plant that uses zinc as a primary metal. these cases, identified during the decade 1980 to 1989, had clinical onset of the disease between 1979 and 1987. the new cases confirm the increased incidence of ms previously reported in the plant population for the 1970 to 1979 decade. the ms subjects in this occupationally based cluster do not seem different from other ms patients w ...	1994	8309585
a study of provider perceptions of individuals with dual disorders.	human service workers devote a great deal of time in preparing to serve clients. the majority of this preparation is focused in one direction, with exposure to a limited type of client. the growing population of individuals with dual disorders of mental illness and substance abuse challenges this tradition in training, in that these clients pose unique, multiple, and overlapping characteristics, symptomatology, and behaviors requiring a synthesis of training approaches. based on survey data coll ...	1994	10131893
ruling could mean millions for hospitals.		1994	10132726
hospitals adopt intensive programs for diabetic patients to avoid high inpatient costs.	just over a year ago, a 24-year-old man walked into a free health screening at palmyra medical centers in albany, ga., complaining of weight loss, unending thirst and frequent urination. a quick blood test revealed the man was diabetic, with an alarming hemoglobin a1c level of 20.1. after six months of intervention, the man's hemoglobin dropped to an excellent rating of 7.1 and his physician is now ready to take him off insulin, said layne cox, program manager of the diabetes treatment center at ...	1994	10134694
measuring the monday blues: validation of a job satisfaction scale for the human services.		1994	10134784
communities that are making a difference. heart, body and soul, east baltimore, md; orleans county human services council, medina, ny.		1994	10134899
madness in fine print.		1994	10137484
parents with severe mental illness and their children: the need for human services integration.	this article presents the findings and recommendations of a statewide interagency task force on parents with mental illness who have young children. based on testimony from consumers, providers, and advocates, the task force concluded that this is a substantial and neglected public policy issue requiring an intergovernmental, services integration approach. recommendations were made in the areas of services, policies and procedures, and service coordination.	1994	10138012
congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in u.s. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake.	food, especially meat, milk, and fish, is the immediate source of almost all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and dioxinlike compounds in the general population. to estimate intake of these highly toxic compounds, we performed congener-specific dioxin analyses for the first time on u.s. food for 18 dairy meat, and fish samples from a supermarket in upstate new york. 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd, "dioxin") toxic equivalents (teqs) on a wet weight basi ...	1994	9738211
perspectives of protocol reviewers.		1994	11653327
doe v. city of new york.	the plaintiff, john doe, together with other former pan am airlines employees, interviewed for a position with delta airlines. when he was refused a job, doe filed a complaint with new york city's human rights commission charging that delta discriminated against him because he was a single gay male suspected of being hiv positive. the commission, delta, and doe reached a conciliation agreement that included a confidentiality clause providing that, except as required by law or with doe's consent, ...	1994	11648619
frozen embryos' fate awaits l.i. custody battle.		1994	11647038
the making of an immigrant niche.	"this article speaks to the conceptual and methodological issues in research on the making of an immigrant niche through a case study of immigrant professionals in new york city government." the author argues that "the growth of this immigrant niche resulted from changes in the relative supply of native workers and in the structure of employment, which opened the bureaucracy to immigrants and reduced native/immigrant competition. these shifts opened hiring portals; given the advantages of netw ...	1994	12287276
why schools should make condoms available to teenagers.	the controversy surrounding sex education and condom availability programs in schools in new york city and throughout the us continues because parents worry that such programs encourage teenagers to engage in sexual behavior. but the reality is that more and more teenagers are engaging in sexual behavior anyway. the carnegie council on adolescent development found the 17% of girls and 29% of boys engaged in sexual intercourse by the time they were 16 years old. many parents are ready to blame ...	1994	12287913
teen choice of inwood house.	the teen choice program in new york city was described and the outcome of the program evaluation was reported. teen choice is a school based sex education and pregnancy prevention program run by trained social workers. the aim is to provide information, counseling, and referrals on a range of issues relating to sexuality. the program is elective and meets during a regularly scheduled gym period for one or two semesters from the 7th to the 12th grades. there are single sex and coeducational c ...	1994	12345545
conference report. interview: dr. fred sai. programme expansion "a major advance".	the 1994 international conference on population and development (icpd) scored quite a success in winning the inclusion of the improvement of women's status and the need for human resource development as part of the population dimension. it was also agreed in program terms that reproductive health is the main basis from which to proceed in family planning. the abortion debate was good in that it raised the conference profile through the world's media and forced people to consider and discuss th ...	1994	12319120
in re michael ww.	court decision: 611 new york supplement, 2d series 47: 1994 apr 21 (date of decision). the supreme court of new york, appellate division, denied a motion by the broome county department of social services to compel a man ("roy xx") accused of sexually abusing a child to submit a blood sample for hiv testing. the court reasoned that the test could not be required because a positive result would fail to prove definitively that the man had committed the alleged abuse. testing the child instead woul ...	1994	17078149
in re application of gribetz.	court decision: 605 new york supplement, 2d series 834: 1994 jan 31 (date of decision). new york's rockland county court held that there was a "compelling need" to disclose the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status of a woman who bit her mental health worker in order to determine her state of mind for criminal proceedings. the woman was charged with reckless endangerment and attempted assault, and the state needed her test results to prove that she had acted with depraved indifference to hum ...	1994	17078150
north shore university hospital v. rosa.	the new york court of appeals upheld the lower appellate court's decision that a dental clinic's "isolation treatment" protocol did not violate the state human rights law. the clinic's protocol applied to any patient either known or perceived to be an intravenous drug abuser, a recipient of multiple blood transfusions, a hemodialysis patient, a male homosexual, a prostitute, or patient infected with hiv, hepatitis b, mononucleosis or tuberculosis. under the protocol, the patient was placed in an ...	1995	12041263
let's not forget about the men.	replacing the concept of "women in development" with that of "gender in development" reflects a welcome perspective which views men and women as intrinsically bound and able to work together to achieve shared goals. women's empowerment is now recognized as a human issue which a significant number of men are willing to support. identifying gender gaps remains an important first step, and many programs are most effective if their first efforts are devoted to building capacities of women in separ ...	1995	12346505
newsmaker interview: geraldine ferraro. striving for equality.	geraldine ferraro is a long-standing advocate of women's rights who currently serves as the us ambassador to the un's human rights commission. she was elected to the us congress in 1978, after which she served three terms as a representative from the state of new york. ms. ferraro led efforts to pass the equal rights amendment, sponsored the women's economic equity act, and ran on the democratic national ticket in 1984 as the first woman vice-presidential candidate. this paper presents the te ...	1995	12346510
t.d. v. new york state office of mental health.	the new york supreme court for new york county determined that a state regulation allowing substituted consent to research on mentally ill individuals by a spouse, parent, adult child or sibling, guardian, or authorized committee did not apply to nonfederally funded research. the court was asked by a group of involuntary state mental patients to decide on the validity of state regulations concerning participation in potentially high risk experimentation without consent. the patients, who were in ...	1995	12041120
spitzka and spitzka on the brains of the assassins of presidents.	although four american presidents have been assassinated (lincoln, garfield, mckinley, kennedy), only the assassins of garfield (charles julius guiteau) and mckinley (leon franz czolgosz) were tried, convicted, and executed for their crime. in 1882 edward charles spitzka, a young new york neurologist with a growing reputation as an alienist, testified at the trial of guiteau. he was the only expert witness who was asked, based on his personal examination of the prisoner, a direct question concer ...	1995	11619027
judge tells health department to stop experiments on patients.		1995	11648000
physicians and the death penalty.		1995	11654617
in re finn.	the new york supreme court, albany county, invalidated portions of new york's do not resuscitate (dnr) law for vagueness and rescinded a dnr order written for a sixty-seven year old profoundly retarded man with many ailments, none life threatening. the new york dnr law permits orders to be written for the incompetent when two physicians concur that the order is in the patient's best interests and that to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, (1) the patient has a terminal condition, (2) the ...	1995	12041114
judge upholds closing of theater that was site of high-risk sex.	new york city's decision to close a gay movie theater where inspectors found male patrons engaging in unsafe sexual activity with other men was upheld by justice marilyn g. diamond of the supreme court in manhattan. she rejected the theater owner's argument that the city's march 31, 1995 closure of the new david cinema on west 54th street violated the constitution's guarantee of freedom of speech. the city based its action on a provision in the state health code which prohibits oral, anal or vag ...	1995	11362494
n.y. facility fined $75,000 for isolating patient for nine months.	the new york state division of human rights has fined marcus garvey nursing home and its administrator $75,000 after the home placed a stroke patient with hiv in isolation for more than nine months. anthony frazier was placed in confinement after being persuaded to be tested for and found to be positive for hiv antibodies. officials at the nursing home argued that the confinement was to protect frazier from opportunistic infections he could acquire from other patients. frazier's isolation ended ...	1995	11362500
gay man gets chance to prove he was infected by ex-partner.	a new york appeals court has reinstated portions of a lawsuit filed by jose plaza, who claimed he contracted hiv after his domestic partner lied to him about his seropositivity. the case is one of a handful of lawsuits alleging negligent transmission of hiv, but is typical of what happens in the absence of wills declaring a domestic partner's share of an estate. in 1986 plaza engaged in a monogamous relationship with scott a. wisser. he said wisser had assured him he had never had high-risk sexu ...	1995	11362520
worker's decision to arbitrate doesn't halt state's investigation.	the new york supreme court appellate division dismissed a motion filed by anker management corp. to block an investigation being conducted by the state division of human rights into the company's employment practices. an anker employee had filed an administrative complaint with the division of human rights, charging that he had been fired after he informed his supervisor that he would need to be hospitalized for treatment of hiv disease. during the public hearing, anker was granted an injunction ...	1995	11362641
los angeles, new york, stanford university: hby 097, new drug may weaken hiv.	a three-month human trial will be conducted in los angeles, new york, and san francisco, to test a new drug, hby 097. in laboratory tests, hby 097 has weakened hiv. volunteers will begin a regimen of either hby 097, azt, or the combination. the study will measure all mutations that develop in the hiv reverse transcriptase enzyme. participants must have a cd4 count between 200 and 500, and have not received any approved hiv treatment before.	1995	11362877
court says dentist's office isn't a public accommodation.	in september 1995, the new york supreme court, second district, reversed a decision made by the division of human rights for a dentist to pay a patient $10,000 in compensatory damages. the agency ruled that disability-based discrimination is prohibited in places of public accommodation. the state supreme court, however, found that dental offices are not places of public accommodation as defined by the state human rights law. the division of human rights plans to appeal the ruling to the new york ...	1995	11362946
extreme precautions seen as justifiable at the time.	the new york court of appeals has upheld a dental clinic's decision to exercise extreme precautions while treating a patient thought to be hiv-positive. in october 1985, patient david martell visited the north shore university hospital dental clinic for a root canal. when dr. steven wald, the chief resident at the hospital, suspected that martell was gay and might be hiv-positive, he consulted other physicians who convinced him to interrogate martell to determine his sexual orientation. followin ...	1995	11362948
[jesus lebron: an interview with the man who threw water at reverend ruben diaz].	jesus lebron, a gay political activist and person living with aids, had a battle with the new york city civilian complaint review board (ccrb). the agency was created to monitor allegations of police brutality and discrimination against minority groups. it is made up of asian-americans, latins, and gay and lesbian activists. beginning in the winter of 1993-94, rev. ruben diaz, a member of the ccrb, expressed publicly his aids-phobic philosophy. the gay and lesbian american (gla) group sent prote ...	1995	11363217
n.y. hospital stops clinical trials.		1995	10139830
the effect of characteristics of human service workers on subsequent morale and turnover.	the authors examine the relationship of sociopsychological characteristics of human services workers to their subsequent morale and continuance on the job. eighty-two intensive case managers (half of them social workers) who had caseloads of clients with severe mental disorders were invited to participate in a four-wave panel study. explored are the relationships between 16 predictors (general background, prior work experience and training, and social psychological variables) and worker outcomes ...	1995	10143141
interdisciplinary, functional approach to quality review.	dramatic changes in the standards of the joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations, as part of its "agenda for change," pose new challenges for health care managers. the goal of the "agenda for change" is to focus accreditation on the actual performance of important functions while continuously stimulating improvement in the organization's performance and outcomes of care. in 1994, seven important functions--improvement of performance, leadership, management of information, a ...	1995	10143968
the small group consensus process for changing physician practices: influenza vaccination.	to evaluate the effectiveness of a small group consensus process in enhancing compliance with guidelines for influenza vaccination among older hmo members.	1995	10151093
resurgence of blood transfusion therapy in erythropoietin treated hemodialysis patients.	anemia, a major component of the uremia syndrome before the introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (epo), was treated primarily with blood transfusions in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). after multi-center trials of epo in hemodialysis patients showed that blood transfusion requirements fell by > or = 50% in hemodialysis facilities using epo, it was anticipated that blood transfusion therapy in hemodialysis patients would be eliminated in patients treated with epo. the au ...	1995	8573839
internet-based support for bioscience research: a collaborative genome center for human chromosome 12.	this paper describes an approach that provides internet-based support for a genome center to map human chromosome 12, as a collaboration between laboratories at the albert einstein college of medicine in bronx, new york, and the yale university school of medicine in new haven, connecticut. informatics is well established as an important enabling technology within the genome mapping community. the goal of this paper is to use the chromosome 12 project as a case study to introduce a medical inform ...	1995	8581551
disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.	disseminated histoplasmosis is an aids-defining illness that occurs in about 5% of aids patients residing in histoplasmosis-endemic areas of the united states (the mississippi and ohio river valleys). this disease develops as a result of acute infection and perhaps also as the result of reactivation of latent infection: cases reported from areas such as new york city, where histoplasmosis is not endemic, are most likely due to reactivation of an infection acquired earlier in a histoplasmosis-end ...	1995	8547497
multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in an hiv dental clinic.	to investigate possible transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in a dental setting.	1995	7897177
urban rape survivors: characteristics and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. multicenter crack cocaine and hiv infection study team.	to determine the prevalence of recent rape, the characteristics or recent rape survivors, and the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), syphilis, and genital herpes (hsv-2) among recent rape survivors.	1995	7862367
risk factors for choroidal neovascularization in young patients: a case-control study.	a pair-matched, case-control design was used to study exposure to histoplasma capsulatum and other environmental factors, and to determine various host characteristics including human leukocyte antigen (hla) typings in 94 young patients with macular choroidal neovascularization (cnv) and in 94 controls with other eye diseases. patients with two types of retinal patterns were studied: type i, or those with cnv with one or no chorioretinal atrophic spots in the posterior pole or periphery (n = 51) ...	1995	8886585
tuberculosis among urban health care workers: a study using restriction fragment length polymorphism typing.	cases of tuberculosis identified during 1992-1994 through an active tuberculosis surveillance network among six hospitals that serve new york city (the tbnetwork) were analyzed according to the occupational status of the patients. clinical data were obtained by review of medical records, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was performed. no known nosocomial outbreaks of tuberculosis occurred at these hospitals in the study period. occ ...	1995	8589127
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus in patients having major surgery.	to determine the proportion of major surgical procedures that involve patients having serologic evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in a single center in westchester county, new york.	1995	8601681
quality with a human face? the samuels planetree model hospital unit.	hospitals across the country are seeking to restructure the delivery of care. planetree, an international consumer health care organization, works with hospitals to cultivate educated health care consumers and to create caring inpatient environments. this article gives an overview of planetree's philosophy, examines staff and patient satisfaction, and contrasts planetree with total quality management (tqm)/continuous quality improvement (cqi) as practiced at one hospital. planetree's philosophy: ...	1995	7550786
characteristics of hiv-positive chronically mentally ill inpatients.	the growing population of chronically mentally ill persons who are hiv-positive or who have aids has not yet been adequately studied. we describe the entire population of known hiv-positive inpatients in a state psychiatric center in new york city. in this sample, the typical patient with known hiv infection is as likely to be a man as a woman and is a member of an ethnic minority group. hiv-positive patients had multiple risks for hiv infection including injecting drug use (idu), sex with idu p ...	1995	7568528
comparison of methods of estimating the mother-to-child transmission rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). new york city perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study group.	four methods of estimating mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), based on the 1992 ghent workshop, were compared in a multicenter new york city prospective cohort study in 1986-1992. of 833 infants born to women at risk of hiv-1 infection, 388 were born hiv-1 seropositive and 445 were hiv-1 seronegative. the four methods, the antibody only, indirect, direct, and virologic methods, yielded transmission rate estimates of 19-25%, classifying 59-89% of th ...	1995	7572941
women at a sexually transmitted disease clinic who reported same-sex contact: their hiv seroprevalence and risk behaviors.	this study compares characteristics, behaviors, and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women who reported same-sex contact and women who had sex only with men.	1995	7573619
transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a large urban setting.	multidrug resistance has become an increasingly important problem in the control and prevention of tuberculosis in large urban centers. although several small outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (mdr) tuberculosis in new york city have been reported, the increase in the number of cases is not fully explained by these recognized outbreaks, and the modes of transmission have not been clearly delineated. transmission patterns of mdr tuberculosis in new york city, therefore, were studied by stratifying ...	1995	7599845
prenatal care of hiv-infected women: analysis of a large new york state cohort.	we examined the effect of methadone treatment, duration of medicaid enrollment during pregnancy, and other maternal characteristics on receipt of prenatal care by 2,254 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) delivering a singleton in new york state from 1985 through 1990. data were obtained from the new york state medicaid hiv/aids research data base and vital statistics records. adequacy of the number of prenatal visits reported by the mother on vital statistics records was asse ...	1995	7600104
racial differences in care among hospitalized patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in chicago, new york, los angeles, miami, and raleigh-durham.	while strategies for medical care for human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are well established, racial variations in care have not been evaluated.	1995	7618980
the effectiveness of video-based interventions in promoting condom acquisition among std clinic patients.	this study examined the effectiveness of video-based patient education interventions on promoting condom use among men and women seeking services at a large public std clinic in new york city.	1995	7624818
a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a: risk factors for infection among homosexual and bisexual men.	to assess risk factors for hepatitis a infection among homosexual and bisexual men during a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in new york city.	1995	7625417
injuries associated with self-unloading forage wagons--new york, 1991-1994.	in new york, an estimated 3600 injuries occur each year to farmers operating farm machines (1). in october 1993, the occupational health nurses in agricultural communities (ohnac) program in the new york state department of health received a report of a man who sustained severe injuries when he became entangled in the power take-off (pto) driveline to a self-unloading forage wagon. subsequent investigation by ohnac identified four additional similar incidents in new york that occurred during sep ...	1995	7630338
infection control, human immunodeficiency virus, and home health care: ii. risk to the caregiver.		1995	7639407
sex, drugs, and syringe exchange in new york city: women's experiences.	the sex and drug human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk factors of drug-injecting women participating in new york city syringe exchange programs were studied and racial/ethnic differences examined. african-american women reported injecting least frequently and had lower rates of injecting with borrowed or used syringes. women attending syringe exchange reported high levels of sexual risk behavior, and syringe exchange provides an opportunity for a sexual risk reduction intervention. women were ...	1995	7657943
an evaluation of community-based hiv services for women in new york state.	the proportion of women in new york state diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is increasing dramatically. in 1987, only 12% of cumulative aids cases in new york were among women; by 1993, 26% of new cases of aids were. this evaluation describes community-based hiv programs that provide services to women in new york state and are funded by the state department of health's aids institute. the evaluation assesses the success different programs have had in reaching and engaging ...	1995	7657945
mosquito-transmitted malaria in new york city, 1993.	in august, 1993, 3 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria in people without recent travel histories or bloodborne exposure were reported in new york city. an epidemiological investigation confirmed the absence of risk factors for acquisition of malaria in two cases. the third case could not be definitively classified as locally acquired malaria because the patient had travelled to thailand two years before malaria was diagnosed. the 3 individuals lived in separate houses in the same neighbourhoo ...	1995	7658873
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis--new york, 1995.	since 1986, two human tickborne diseases caused by ehrlichia spp. have been recognized in the united states: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), caused by e. chaffeensis, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), caused by an agent closely related to e. equi (1,2). in june 1995, the westchester county (new york) department of health (wcdoh) received reports from physicians who were treating patients for suspected hge. in response, the wcdoh sent information to all primary-care physicians in wes ...	1995	7662028
communitywide laboratory-based influenza surveillance focused on older persons, 1989-1992.	we collected surveillance data as part of the medicare influenza vaccine demonstration to describe communitywide epidemiology of influenza, focusing on the elderly. laboratory-based surveillance was established in medical practices, hospitals, and nursing homes in a two-county demonstration in upstate new york. time course and intensity of epidemic influenza were compared between counties, between influenza a and b epidemics, and among several levels of surveillance involving elderly persons as ...	1995	7662393
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients without hiv infection.	investigations of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have found low rates of treatment response and very high mortality, and they have mainly involved patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. for patients without hiv infection, one study reported an overall rate of response to treatment of 56 percent, and the mortality from tuberculosis was 22 percent. we investigated treatment response and mortality rates in 26 hiv-negative patients in new york with multid ...	1995	7666876
knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers about influenza: why are they not getting vaccinated?	in a survey of employees at a chronic care psychiatric facility following an influenza outbreak, previous influenza vaccination (relative risk [rr], 69.7; 95% confidence interval [ci95], 25.2 to 192.4), age > or = 50 years (rr, 2.4; ci95, 1.3 to 4.5), and knowledge that vaccine does not cause influenza (rr, 2.3; ci95, 1.3 to 3.7) were the factors most predictive of current influenza vaccination. medical personnel were less likely than nonmedical employees to be vaccinated (rr, 0.5; ci95, 0.3 to ...	1995	7673647
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis--new york, 1995.		1995	7674488
tuberculosis in children younger than five years old: new york city.	we examined medical and health department records for children < 5 years of age with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis reported to the new york city health department from january, 1992, through june, 1992, in order to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis in young children and identify prevention strategies. forty-seven children were treated for suspected or confirmed tuberculosis. sixty-two percent (21 of 34) were foreign-born (n = 11) or had foreign-born caretakers (n = 10). a source ca ...	1995	7746692
disappearance of uremia due to heroin-associated nephropathy.	heroin-associated nephropathy (han), a complication of intravenous heroin abuse, was initially recognized at kings county hospital in brooklyn, ny, in the early 1970s. our recent experience indicates that after a steady incidence of new cases of han throughout the mid-1980s, a sharp decrease in incidence of new cases occurred starting in 1989. we sought to explore possible explanations for what amounts to disappearance of a previously prevalent disease. by means of retrospective analysis of a ho ...	1995	7747721
assessment of nutritional, clinical, and immunologic status of hiv-infected, inner-city patients with multiple risk factors.	to evaluate the nutritional, clinical, and immunologic factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected, inner-city patients with multiple risk factors.	1995	7759740
a community-based, interagency approach by dietitians to provide meals, medical nutrition therapy, and education to clients with hiv/aids.	dietitians have the opportunity to be leaders in providing medical nutrition therapy and home-delivered meals for people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) in the community setting. four community agencies developed the visiting nurse service hiv/home delivered meals program. fifty clients with the diagnosis of hiv and/or aids were served for a 6-month period. the program provided convenient, energy-enhanced nutritious meals. participants received dai ...	1995	7759745
evaluation of hiv type 1 western blot-indeterminate blood donors for the presence of human or bovine retroviruses.	from 1985 through 1990, 1100 of 500,000 human blood donations in syracuse, new york were repeatedly reactive by elisa for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). nine hundred of the elisa-reactive samples were confirmed as negative by western blot (wb), 40 were confirmed as positive, and the remaining 160 sera were indeterminate, reacting mainly with hiv-1 gag gene products. twenty donors with the most reactive indeterminate wb were selected for follow-up studies. four of ...	1995	7786586
tuberculosis in new york city--turning the tide.	from 1978 through 1992, the number of patients with tuberculosis in new york city nearly tripled, and the proportion of such patients who had drug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis more than doubled.	1995	7791840
incidence of venereal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women.	a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (n = 253) and uninfected (n = 658) women was prospectively studied to assess the relationship between venereal warts and hiv status, adjusting for self-reported and biologic measures of sexual risk behavior. participants were assessed every 6 months for venereal warts and other sexually transmitted diseases, self-reported sexual behavior, and cd4 cell counts. the incidence of venereal warts was significantly increased in hiv-infected women ...	1995	7797919
seroprevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus type ii infection, with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection, among us intravenous drug users.	seroprevalence of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was determined among 7841 intravenous drug users (ivdus) from drug treatment centers in baltimore, chicago, los angeles, new jersey (asbury park and trenton), new york city (brooklyn and harlem), philadelphia, and san antonio, texas; 20.9% had evidence of htlv infection, as determined using a p21e eia for screening and p21e blot for confirmation. with a type-specific eia and blot used in combinati ...	1995	7797946
temporal trends and transmission patterns during the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in new york city: a molecular epidemiologic assessment.	to ascertain the role of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission on multidrug-resistant (mdr) tuberculosis (tb) emergence in new york city, medical records, drug susceptibilities, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) of tb cases at a city hospital between two 9-month periods (1987-1988 and 1990-1991) were reviewed. the proportion of tb patients with mdrtb increased from 10% (27/267) to 17% (38/222; p = .03). among mdrtb patients of known hi ...	1995	7798657
occupational exposure among medical students and house staff at a new york city medical center.	the purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of and reasons for underreporting of occupational exposures to patients' blood and body fluids among students and house staff.	1995	7802523
neurological correlates of fetal cocaine exposure: transient hypertonia of infancy and early childhood.	to assess whether prenatal cocaine exposure has any long-term effects on neurodevelopment.	1995	7491223