| rates of and factors associated with self-reported prior hiv testing among adult medical patients in an inner city emergency department in the bronx, new york city. | we studied the rates of and factors associated with self-reported prior human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing in adult patients visiting an emergency department (ed) in the bronx, new york city. a total of 1,744 consecutive noncritical adult medical emergency patients responded to a standardized interview administered by ed physicians. the interview included questions pertaining to demographic characteristics, prior hiv testing, and hiv risk behaviors. on multivariate analysis, female gende ... | 1997 | 8989212 |
| dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil-refining and petrochemical industry--part xxii: health hazards from exposure to gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether: study of new jersey residents. | methyl tertiary butyl ether has caused the following cancers in rats and mice: kidney, testicular, liver, lymphomas, and leukemias. thus, in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard methyl tertiary butyl ether-for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals-as a probable human carcinogen. this means that some humans are at extreme risk of contracting cancers resulting from their exposure to oxygenated gasoline co ... | 1996 | 8989842 |
| the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in new york city: the importance of nosocomial transmission and laboratory error. | during the 1980s, new york city experienced a rapid increase of tuberculosis cases, more than 40% of which were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated. | 1996 | 8959143 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1996-97 season. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who), its collaborating laboratories, and state and local health departments, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states from september 29 through december 7, 1996, and indicates that influenza activity has increased since mid-november. | 1996 | 8999310 |
| evaluation of safety devices for preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during phlebotomy procedures--minneapolis-st. paul, new york city, and san francisco, 1993-1995. | health-care workers (hcws) are at risk for infections with bloodborne pathogens resulting from occupational exposures to blood through percutaneous injuries (pis). phlebotomy, one of the most commonly performed medical procedures, has been associated with 13% - 62% of injuries reported to hospital occupational health services and 20 (39%) of the 51 documented episodes of occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection reported in the united states (cdc, unpublished data, 199 ... | 1997 | 9011778 |
| tuberculosis screening and anergy in a homeless population. | tuberculosis has again emerged as a growing public health concern in the united states. among the homeless population, increased risk factors contribute to immunodeficiency, which can cause false-negative results on purified protein derivative (tuberculin) (ppd) skin testing, the standard screening procedure for tuberculosis in individuals. we evaluated the accuracy of ppd skin test results by determining anergy status of patients when offering the ppd test. | 1997 | 9018656 |
| early detection of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 infection using hiv rna amplification and detection. new york city perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study. | early diagnosis of perinatally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection can guide early interventions. hiv coculture and dna polymerase chain reaction (dna-pcr) detect few hiv-infected infants at birth and 90%-100% by age 3 months. because extracellular hiv rna may appear soon after infection, a plasma hiv rna assay was compared with dna-pcr for early detection of perinatally infected infants. blood-draw specimens (108) obtained at the same time from 49 hiv-infected infant ... | 1997 | 9041350 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in new york state. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is a newly described illness with few reports in the literature. | 1996 | 8967671 |
| worldwide variations in sperm counts. | based on the premise that various human disease processes manifest differently depending on geography, we set out to determine whether sperm counts vary from different nations and different regions within the united states. | 1996 | 8973676 |
| [tuberculosis and the hiv pandemic. risk of nosocomial tuberculosis infection]. | spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has had a major impact on the epidemiology of tuberculosis. in several african countries the incidence of tuberculosis has doubled, and the prevalence of hiv infection among patients with tuberculosis is 20 to 60%. a similar change has occurred in some developed countries. several factors, including hiv infection, have contributed to this change. tuberculosis among hiv infected patients is probably more often a result of a new infection with ... | 1997 | 9072866 |
| fertility, infertility and the human embryo: ethics, law and practice of human artificial procreation. | | 1996 | 9079414 |
| progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is influenced by cd4 t-lymphocyte count and time since seroconversion. | progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) varies considerably and may be influenced by factors such as age, smoking, number of male partners per year, and cd4 t-lymphocyte count. the loss of cd4 lymphocytes is known to be the dominant factor in the progression to aids. however, it is unclear whether the effect of the cd4 lymphocyte count is of such importance that persons with similar cd4 cell counts who have been infe ... | 1997 | 9098180 |
| research on the cognitively impaired: lessons and warnings from the emergency research debate. | to demonstrate that the recent events in emergency research have broad implications for the conduct of human subjects research with the cognitively impaired. this essay illustrates the similarities between the two kinds of research and suggests how understanding these similarities might help to resolve issues in human subjects research on the cognitively impaired. | 1997 | 9100718 |
| oral arguments in vacco v. quill. no. 95-1858. | | 1997 | 9114608 |
| attitude of emergency department patients toward hiv-infected health care workers. | a telephone survey of a random sample of adult emergency department (ed) patients was conducted at a university health science center. the purpose of the study was to determine the opinion of ed patients concerning the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission and their willingness to be treated by hiv-infected physicians and nurses. surveys from 107 ed patients were compiled and available for analysis. ninety percent of the respondents were tolerant of an hiv-infected physician or ... | 1997 | 9115513 |
| correlates of voluntary human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing reported by postpartum women. | this study examined attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors reported by postpartum women in an aids epicenter toward voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) counseling and testing. | 1997 | 9128002 |
| gender differences in early suspicion of tuberculosis in hospitalized, high-risk patients during 4 epidemic years, 1987 to 1990. | to assess the degree to which, from 1987 to 1990, physicians suspected tuberculosis (tb) in the first 2 hospital days in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pulmonary disease. | 1997 | 9131365 |
| surveillance for penicillin-nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae--new york city, 1995. | streptococcus pneumoniae has become a leading cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media in the united states. persons at increased risk include young children, immunocompromised persons, and the elderly. until 1987, s. pneumoniae was uniformly susceptible to penicillin; since then, in the united states, there has been increased identification of penicillin-nonsusceptible s. pneumoniae (pnsp) (defined as minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] to penicillin > or = 0.1 microgram/ ... | 1997 | 9132581 |
| anthropological research and the politics of hiv prevention: towards a critique of policy and priorities in the age of aids. | this paper is based on the author's ethnographic hiv prevention research at a community-based residence for women in new york city who have a history of homelessness and diagnosis of mental illness. the author presents the human face of this american tragedy, while exploring the ways in which larger social forces circumscribe these women's lives. the author also critically assesses the hiv prevention agenda, including the dominant paradigm in prevention intervention. despite acceptance by the mo ... | 1997 | 9141170 |
| rabies in new hampshire and vermont: an update. | new hampshire and vermont currently have two rabies epizootics occurring in raccoon and fox populations. these are continuations of the established raccoon strain which has been migrating northward from the mid-atlantic and the fox strain which is migrating south and eastward from canada and new york. these started in the early 1990s, and the wild animal cases have increased from 0 to 1 case per year in vermont in the late 1980s to 179 in 1995, and from 0 to 4 cases in new hampshire to 152 in 19 ... | 1997 | 9142374 |
| antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 in women and infants born in haiti and the usa. | 146 hiv-1-positive pregnant women and 143 matched hiv-1-uninfected pregnant women participated in a study to assess the association of human herpes virus 8 (hhv8) and the development of kaposi's sarcoma. 98 of the 189 evaluable infants born to the women were born to hiv-1-positive mothers; 26 of these 98 infants were infected with hiv-1. maternal serum samples were available for all but 18. the sera were diluted and screened for antibodies to the hhv8 latency-associated nuclear antigens (lana ... | 1997 | 9149705 |
| the hospital cost of congenital syphilis. | to determine the hospital cost of caring for newborn infants with congenital syphilis. | 1997 | 9152285 |
| spread of an enteric 'marker' organism during evisceration of new york dressed poultry in a simulated kitchen environment. | 1. five volunteers, with experience of eviscerating poultry or game birds in the home, each eviscerated three new york dressed chicken carcases that had been artificially inoculated in the colon with a readily identifiable "marker' strain of escherichia coli. 2. in all cases, evisceration resulted in breakage of the intestines at one or more sites, often with leakage of gut contents, or extrusion of faeces from the cloaca because of pressure on the colon during the manipulations involved. 3. the ... | 1997 | 9158896 |
| infection of the conjunctiva by rhinosporidium seeberi. | rhinosporidiosis is an unusual fungal disease that rarely affects the eye. it was first described as a pathogen in humans at the turn of the century. the etiologic agent, rhinosporidium seeberi, commonly produces granulomatous inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa. most reported ocular infections have occurred in hot, dry climatic regions. we present a case of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis in an 11-year-old boy from western new york state, the first such report from the temperate zones of ... | 1997 | 9163838 |
| outbreaks of cyclosporiasis--united states, 1997. | in april and may 1997, cdc received reports of seven event-associated clusters of cases of cyclosporiasis from five states (california, florida, nevada, new york, and texas). approximately 80 cases of infection with human-associated cyclospora, a recently characterized coccidian parasite have been laboratory-confirmed. state and local health departments, cdc, and the food and drug administration are conducting investigations to identify the vehicles of infection. | 1997 | 9182207 |
| comparative evaluation of methods for estimating potential human exposure to ozone: photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring. | photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring of ground-level ozone concentrations provide two alternative/complementary methods for calculating potential population exposure estimates. a comparative evaluation of these methods was undertaken over a study area comprised of the entire state of new jersey and neighboring parts of delaware, maryland, pennsylvania, and new york. kriging, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was used for the interpolation of hourly ozone data from 38 air quality ... | 1997 | 9185012 |
| psychiatric research and the incompetent subject. | | 1997 | 9219292 |
| transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by host-seeking ixodus scapularis (acari:ixodidae) in southern new york state. | ixodes scapularis say nymphs collected from a natural focus of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) in westchester county, new york, transmitted the hge agent to uninfected mice in the laboratory. infection was demonstrated in 3 of 8 mice by polymerase chain reaction analysis of whole blood and microscopic examination of blood smears for morulae. two of these mice were also positive by xenodiagnosis. positive xenodiagnostic larvae maintained infection through molting and transferred infection t ... | 1997 | 9220669 |
| in pursuit of influenza: fort monmouth to valhalla (and back). | in reviewing 50 years of personal research on influenza, i have journeyed, literally and figuratively, from an army camp epidemic in fort monmouth nj in 1947 to a (literal and figurative) valhalla, where i now conduct my research. having entered the field as a physician, i have always sought practical applications of my work, yet in every instance, such applications have led me to seek further answers in basic research as new questions arose. i entered the area of influenza virus genetics by the ... | 1997 | 9230697 |
| comparing estimates of the effects of air pollution on human mortality obtained using different regression methodologies. | studies using regression techniques report their results using a variety of statistics. evaluation of the consistency of findings, such as in a metaanalysis, requires calculating the statistical estimates of the effect reported in each study in a comparable manner. in this paper, we consider multiple linear regression, multiple poisson regression, and logistic regression estimates. we present results that are needed to calculate, on a common basis, the slope of the regression function at a speci ... | 1997 | 9232012 |
| derivation and validation of a pulmonary tuberculosis prediction model. | to describe the derivation and validation of a pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) prediction model that would enable early discontinuation of unnecessary respiratory isolation. | 1997 | 9276236 |
| serological responses to ehrlichia equi, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and borrelia burgdorferi in patients from new york state. | serological testing at the new york state department of health for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the residents of westchester county, n.y., was performed with specimens from 176 patients by the indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) technique with ehrlichia equi mrk-infected neutrophils. to understand whether human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis also occurs in this northeastern geographic region, specimens were also tested for antibodies to ehrlichia chaffeensis arkansas. screening tests and immu ... | 1997 | 9276387 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptococcus neoformans in brazil and the united states: evidence for both local genetic differences and a global clonal population structure. | little is known about the global molecular epidemiology of the human pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. we studied 51 clinical and environmental (pigeon excreta) isolates from two cities in brazil (belo horizonte and rio de janeiro) by analyzing their carbon assimilation patterns, electrophoretic karyotypes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) with the c. neoformans repetitive element-1 (cnre-1), and ura5 sequences. results were compared to those previously obtained for iso ... | 1997 | 9276395 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and lung cancer. | the association of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection with lung cancer remains unclear. the presence of multiple risk factors in patients with hiv infection makes it difficult to identify a direct cause-effect relationship. | 1997 | 9278642 |
| sociometric risk networks and risk for hiv infection. | this study examined whether networks of drug-injecting and sexual relationships among drug injectors are associated with individual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serostatus and with behavioral likelihood of future infection. | 1997 | 9279263 |
| deer ticks (ixodes scapularis) and the agents of lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a new york city park. | rodent trapping and drag sampling in van cortlandt park, new york city, yielded all stages of ixodes scapularis, the deer tick vector of lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). polymerase chain reaction analyses of the ticks showed borrelia burgdorferi and the ehrlichia sp. that causes hge. | 1997 | 9284380 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1996-97 season. | | 1997 | 8990319 |
| basic premises, guiding principles, and competent practices for a positive youth development approach to working with gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths in out-of home care. | the most effective way to help gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths in out-of-home care is to provide them with the same types of supports and services that all adolescents need. organized around five core premises that define the principles and practices of a positive youth development approach, this article explores a model for supporting the development of these youths in out-of-home care. | 1997 | 9308165 |
| comparison of major antigenic proteins of six strains of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent by western immunoblot analysis. | the etiologic agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is an obligate intracellular bacterium. in 1996, blood specimens from 53 patients suspected of having hge were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing with the hge agent no. 13 isolate as the antigen, by nested pcr, and by culture. all patients resided in westchester county, n.y. twelve patient specimens were positive for ifa (titer > or = 1:40). seven of these were also positive by pcr. of the seven specimens positive ... | 1997 | 9316916 |
| a continuing survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis, new york city, april 1994. | a 1991 survey showed high levels of drug resistance among tuberculosis patients in new york, ny. as a result, the tuberculosis control program was strengthened, including expanded use of directly observed therapy and improved infection control. | 1997 | 9066457 |
| farm worker injuries associated with bulls. new york state 1991-1996. | 1. although cows greatly outnumber bulls on dairy farms, bulls account for 25% of animal related injuries in a surveillance study of agricultural injury. in addition, bull injuries are more severe. 2. because of their size and unpredictable behavior, bulls, especially those over 18 months of age, must be handled with extreme caution. 3. important risk factors for the observed incidents were working alone and not having an escape route. 4. bulls should be dehorned and confined in specially design ... | 1997 | 9341313 |
| role of viral load in heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by blood transfusion recipients. transfusion safety study group. | eighteen transfusion recipients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were followed prospectively with their 19 long-term sexual partners from 1986 to 1993 in california, florida, and new york. follow-up included clinical, behavioral, immunologic, serologic, and virologic evaluations. two partners were already infected when seen 18 and 34 months after sexual contact began following the infectious transfusion. four of 17 initially seronegative partners seroconverted during 23 ... | 1997 | 9345119 |
| caregiver issues and aids orphans: perspectives from a social worker focus group. | this study examines social workers' perceptions of the needs of families coping with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this research investigates the problems of family caregivers of children orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related death of their parents. a qualitative semistructured interview format was used in a focus group of 18 social workers. four questions were designed to assess family needs and resources, as well as to evaluate the social workers' perspectives of ... | 1997 | 9347683 |
| trends in drug-resistant tuberculosis in the united states, 1993-1996. | with the resurgence of tuberculosis (tb) disease in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the united states, multidrug-resistant (mdr) tb emerged as a serious challenge to tb control. in response, the centers for disease control and prevention in 1993 added drug susceptibility test results to the information collected for the national surveillance system to monitor trends in drug resistance. | 1997 | 9293991 |
| human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | among women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), there is a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections. however, little is known about the natural history of hpv infections in hiv-seropositive women, and persistent hpv infections may explain the increased risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer in hiv-seropositive women. | 1997 | 9358128 |
| predictors of reported condom use in central harlem youth as conceptualized by the health belief model. | to examine the relationship of reported condom use to specific sociodemographics, psychosocial variables, and perceptions of and motivations for condom use as conceptualized by the health belief model. | 1997 | 9358295 |
| antibodies to ehrlichia equi in dogs from the northeastern united states. | to determine whether dogs living in tickinfested areas of the northeastern united states had been exposed to ehrlichia equi, an etiologic agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1997 | 9364226 |
| police brutality in the usa. | | 1997 | 9365468 |
| varicella-zoster virus infection in children with underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this article describes a prospective longitudinal study of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children, designed to determine their natural history of vzv infection and possible effects of vzv on the progression of hiv infection. varicella was usually not a serious acute problem, and it did not seem to precede clinical deterioration. the rate of zoster was high: 70% in children with low levels of cd4+ lymphocytes at the time of development of v ... | 1997 | 9395360 |
| presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 subtype a infection in a new york community with high hiv prevalence: a sentinel site for monitoring hiv genetic diversity in north america. centers for disease control and prevention-bronx lebanon hiv serosurvey team. | to determine whether us residents are infected with subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 other than subtype b (western), the predominant north american subtype with a unique gpgr genetic sequence in the v3 loop, viruses from 22 hiv-infected adults were serotyped and subtyped. twenty patients had subtype b (western), of whom 15 had serotype b (western), 3 had serotype a/c, 1 had serotype b (thai), and 1 had a nontypeable serotype. two had subtype a, both serotype a/c. both subtyp ... | 1997 | 9395380 |
| standardization of a method for the routine analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and selected pesticides in human serum and milk. | a methodology is presented for the routine determination of specific polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners in serum and milk samples. the procedures include standardized extraction, cleanup and quantitation by high-resolution gas chromatography (gc) and comprehensive quality assurance program to minimize systematic and erratic errors. the analyses of 68 pcb congeners and three pesticides, p,p1-dichloro diphenyl dichloro ethylene (dde), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), and mirex, at part-per-billion l ... | 1997 | 9399126 |
| consumption of contaminated sport fish from lake ontario and time-to-pregnancy. new york state angler cohort. | sport fish from the great lakes are contaminated with halogenated organics, heavy metals, and pesticides, thus serving as a route of exposure for fish-consuming populations. these contaminants are recognized reproductive toxicants in animals; few human studies are available. the purpose of this study was to assess consumption of contaminated fish in relation to time-to-pregnancy (ttp) among women in the new york state angler cohort. in 1993, structured telephone interviews were conducted with 2, ... | 1997 | 9400336 |
| consumption of pcb-contaminated freshwater fish and shortened menstrual cycle length. | highly contaminated lake ontario sport fish represent an important human dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and other toxic contaminants that may disrupt endocrine pathways. new york state angler cohort women interviewed by telephone in 1993 provided menstrual cycle length (n = 2,223). fish consumption at cohort enrollment in 1991 was categorized by duration and frequency and was used to calculate a pcb exposure index. multiple regression analyses identified significant cycle l ... | 1997 | 9400337 |
| cystic fibrosis mutation frequencies in upstate new york. | upstate new york patients (100) with cystic fibrosis (i.e., 200 cf chromosomes), 72 from the cf center in syracuse and 28 from a buffalo cf center, were analyzed for their cf-causing mutations using restriction enzyme digest, single-strand conformation analysis (ssca), and heteroduplex (ha) analysis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified products from all 27 cftr exons using primers that included flanking intron junction sequence were investigated. more than 120 known cystic fibrosis transme ... | 1997 | 9401006 |
| sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of harlem. | this study examines the relationship between sex trading and psychological distress and the implications of that relationship for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus among a sample of young women recruited from the streets of harlem. | 1997 | 9065229 |
| rifampin-monoresistant tuberculosis in new york city, 1993-1994. | all new york city patients whose cultures yielded mycobacterium tuberculosis with isolated resistance to rifampin in 1993 and 1994 were included in this study. of the 96 patients, 48 (50%) had primary resistance, 32 (33%) had acquired resistance, and 16 (17%) had unclassified resistance; 66% had histories of illicit drug use, and 79% were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the median time to emergence of resistance was 40 weeks among the 32 patients with acquired resistance. each ... | 1997 | 9431396 |
| risk factors and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sporadic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in new york city. | an 880 bed university teaching hospital in new york city. | 1997 | 9432387 |
| human exposure to pcbs: modeling and assessment of environmental concentrations on the akwesasne reservation. | the mohawk nation at akwesasne, comprised of approximately 10,000 people, is located along the st. lawrence river in upstate new york. the akwesasne reservation has been contaminated by local industries, which are located on the st. lawrence river and its tributaries, and by upstream sources on the great lakes. the closest known source of contamination to the reservation is general motors (gm) foundry, which is located less than 100 feet from the reservation's border. this facility is listed on ... | 1997 | 9433661 |
| tuberculosis infection and disease among persons seeking social services in new york city. | a large public hospital in new york city. | 1997 | 9441056 |
| impact of comorbidity on outcome of young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | comorbid conditions have a significant impact on the actuarial survival of patients with head and neck cancer. however, no studies have evaluated the impact of comorbidity on tumor- and treatment-specific outcomes. this study was performed to evaluate the impact of comorbidity, graded by the kaplan-feinstein comorbidity index (kfi) on the incidence and severity of complications, disease-free interval, and tumor-specific survival in patients undergoing curative treatment for head and neck cancer. | 1998 | 9464945 |
| reproductive health hospitalizations among women with human immunodeficiency virus infections. | our goal was to determine types of inpatient admissions among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women both before and after the human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis, so that we might outline opportunities for intervention. | 1998 | 9465823 |
| uninformed decisionmaking. the case of surrogate research consent. | a new york court recently struck down state office of mental health regulations governing research involving subjects with impaired decisionmaking capacity. the court held that neither incapacitated adults nor minors could participate in any research protocol that contained a nontherapeutic element, irrespective of possible benefits to the subject or the importance of the knowledge to be gained. although the decision rested on a technical point of law and dealt only with psychiatric research, th ... | 1997 | 9474489 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexual behaviors in bisexual african-american and hispanic men visiting a sexually transmitted disease clinic in new york city. | a cross-sectional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) serosurvey was conducted between january 1988 and january 1993 at a new york city sexually transmitted disease clinic serving predominantly african-american and hispanic patients. overall, 14% (415/3,069) of participating men reported having sex with men; among these, only 52 (13%) were classified as "homosexual" (having had sex with men exclusively since 1978). most men (87%) who reported having sex with other men also reported havin ... | 1998 | 9482501 |
| primary gastrointestinal non-hodgkin's lymphoma: increasingly aids-related. | a retrospective study was conducted to determine the influence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic on the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (stages i and ii) over a 20-year period at a single institution. between 1971 and 1981, there were seven cases. fifty-eight patients were diagnosed between 1983 and 1993, and 81 per cent were aids-related. the mean age overall was 50 years; 81 per cent were male, and 35 per cent presented ... | 1998 | 9486885 |
| new distribution records of amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) in new york state. | amblyomma americanum, commonly called the lone star tick, has been widely-distributed in the southeastern united states for many years. distribution of this species apparently did not extend to new york state until the 1970s, after which the northern distribution in new york was limited to long island (suffolk and nassau counties), where it has become locally abundant. since then, there has been just one published record from new york state, in westchester county, just north of new york city. fr ... | 1997 | 9491364 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: curtis mendelson. he left his carrier for a life as a village physician on the bahamas]. | | 1998 | 9492487 |
| environmental occurrence and potential toxicity of planar, mono-, and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls in the biota. | four non-ortho-, eight mono-ortho-, and two di-ortho-chlorinated congeners have been determined in fresh water and salt water mussels, fish, snapping turtles, mallard, seals, and in human milk and adipose tissue. the planar pcb congeners are separated from the remainder of pcbs by activated carbon chromatography or hplc on porous graphitic carbon followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. pcb toxic equivalency factors (tefs) recommended by who [1] for 3 non-ortho, 8 mono-ort ... | 1998 | 9503581 |
| serologic evidence of infection with ehrlichia spp. in wild rodents (muridae: sigmodontinae) in the united states. | rodent (muridae: sigmodontinae) blood and sera collected from 14 states were tested for seroreactivity to a cultured isolate of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. of the 1,240 samples tested, 136 (11%) were found to be reactive at titers of > or = 32. rodents with hge agent-specific antibodies were found in new york (23% of 491 samples; geometric mean endpoint titer [gmt] = 441), connecticut (11% of 100 samples; gmt = 481), california ( ... | 1998 | 9508298 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 and risk of preinvasive and invasive vulvar cancer: results from a seroepidemiological case-control study. | to examine whether human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 is involved in the etiology of vulvar carcinomas. | 1997 | 9351758 |
| health-care report cards and implications for anesthesia. | | 1998 | 9523827 |
| detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by polymerase chain reaction. | adult ixodid ticks were collected from westchester county, new york, and ipswich, massachusetts, to determine the presence of infection with a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected from new york was also determined by pcr. of the 229 ticks from new york and 47 ticks from massachusetts, 9% (22/229) and 25% (12/47) of ticks contained hge agent, respectively. fifty-four percent (123/229) of t ... | 1998 | 9526861 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1997-98 season. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who), its collaborating laboratories, and state and local health departments, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes influenza surveillance in the united states from september 28, 1997, through march 7, 1998, and presents reports of outbreaks in long-term care facilities (ltcfs) in three states and at a military base. the fi ... | 1998 | 9531023 |
| cigarette smoking and cervical dysplasia among non-hispanic black women. | this is the first case-control study to determine whether smoking is associated with cervical dysplasia, after adjustment for human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, among a group of non-hispanic black women. subjects were interviewed and asked questions about smoking and other risk factors for cervical cancer. hpv infection was determined by hybrid capture. thirty-two women with histologically confirmed incident dysplasia and 113 control women with normal cytologic smears were enrolled; all women ... | 1998 | 9544431 |
| influenza a outbreak on a cruise ship. | | 1998 | 9553278 |
| u.s. supreme court upholds bans on physician assisted suicide in new york and washington. | | 1997 | 9407808 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1997-98 season. | | 1998 | 9555740 |
| variations in intensive care unit utilization for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: importance of hospital characteristics and geographic location. | to determine whether intensive care unit (icu) use and outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia vary by hospital characteristics and geographic location. | 1998 | 9559603 |
| directly observed therapy in an inner city hospital. | a directly observed therapy (dot) tuberculosis (tb) program in a large urban teaching hospital in the east harlem section of new york city. | 1998 | 9562124 |
| low back pain assessment training of industry-based physicians. | we have developed an educational program to train industry-based physicians in a new low back pain assessment procedure based on the recommendation of the clinical practice guidelines on acute low back pain problems in adults published by the agency for health care policy and research, u.s. department of health and human services. the clinical classification system based on the findings from the quebec task force was used to categorize the subjects. the educational program included group and ind ... | 1997 | 9323641 |
| correlation between skeletal calcium mass and muscle mass in man revisited: age, gender, and ethnicity. | | 1998 | 9569552 |
| effect of hiv/aids versus other causes of death on premature mortality in new york city, 1983-1994. | this study examined years of potential life lost (ypll) before age 65 years to assess the relative impact of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) versus other leading causes of death on premature mortality in new york city, new york, between 1983 and 1994. most causes of death showed substantial year-to-year variation in ypll, with the exception of hiv/aids. the ypll attributed to hiv/aids increased monotonically from 11,866 in 1983 to 167,317 in 1994, a n ... | 1998 | 9583714 |
| long-term survival of children with human immunodeficiency virus infection in new york city: estimates from population-based surveillance data. | the life expectancy of children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection acquired through mother-to-child transmission has important clinical and public health significance. several sources of population-based surveillance data from new york city, covering 1982 through the end of 1994, were combined to estimate long-term survival of hiv-infected children and age-specific prevalence. hiv incidence among newborns was estimated by applying expected transmission rates to seroprevalence surv ... | 1998 | 9583715 |
| lasting immunity to varicella in doctors study (l.i.v.i.d. study). | | 1998 | 9591824 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in new york. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), a potentially fatal tick-borne disease, was first described in the upper midwest in 1994. following reports of suspected cases of ehrlichiosis from new york physicians, descriptive and case-control studies were conducted to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors for hge in new york residents. | 1998 | 9554683 |
| improved birth outcomes associated with enhanced medicaid prenatal care in drug-using women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention designed to enhance medicaid prenatal care in improving birth outcomes of drug-using women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1998 | 9610991 |
| the death of a healthy volunteer in a human research project: implications for australian clinical research. | a healthy 19-year-old united states college student volunteer in a clinical research program underwent a bronchoscopy and died as a result of acute lignocaine toxicity. the major contributing factor in the tragedy was that the research protocol failed to specify an upper dose limit for lignocaine spray, although previous versions of the protocol had done so. we look at the implications of this case for australian institutional ethics committees. | 1998 | 9612458 |
| performance-based physician reimbursement and influenza immunization rates in the elderly. the primary-care physicians of monroe county. | to investigate the effect of performance-based financial incentives on the influenza immunization rate in primary care physicians' offices. | 1998 | 9631159 |
| organizational issues in conducting tuberculosis screening at a syringe exchange program. | there has been a rise in tuberculosis (tb) cases in the united states and there is a potent link between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and tuberculosis. in new city it is estimated that 40% of the 200,000 injecting drug users are infected with hiv. in addition, the tuberculosis case rate is approximately four times the national average, and one third of these cases occurred in those persons infected with hiv. drug users have a high prevalence of latent tuberculous infection and are at high ... | 1998 | 9633035 |
| the high-risk sexual practices of crack-smoking sex workers recruited from the streets of three american cities. the multicenter crack cocaine and hiv infection study team. | small ethnographic and clinic-based studies indicate that crack-smoking sex workers are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and sexually transmitted diseases (std). study goals: to examine the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and hiv and std in a large sample of street-recruited crack-smoking sex workers. | 1998 | 9564720 |
| statewide surveillance for ehrlichiosis--connecticut and new york, 1994-1997. | in the united states, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) represent two clinically indistinguishable yet epidemiologically and etiologically distinct diseases caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis and a bacterium similar or identical to e. equi, respectively. infection with these emerging tickborne pathogens results in acute, influenza-like illnesses with fever, headache, malaise, and frequently leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia. connecticut and new york have ... | 1998 | 9649234 |
| cost-effectiveness of directly observed chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis among drug users at high risk for tuberculosis. | a methadone treatment program with on-site medical care in the bronx, new york. | 1998 | 9661818 |
| rates of and risk factors for trichomoniasis among pregnant inmates in new york city. | trichomonas vaginalis is a common pathogen that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and may serve as a cofactor in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. | 1998 | 9662764 |
| the reawakening of national concern about silicosis. | from west texas to west virginia, from california to new york, in industries from oil refining to coal mining and work settings from foundries to shipyards, the united states is experiencing an epidemic of silicosis, a preventable disease. silica sand has been linked to cancer, and the international agency for research on cancer has named silica as a probable human carcinogen. this article analyzes the reawakening of national concern about silicosis and the social, economic, and epidemiologic fa ... | 1998 | 9672567 |
| respiratory isolation of tuberculosis patients using clinical guidelines and an automated clinical decision support system. | to evaluate a clinical guideline and an automated computer protocol for detection and respiratory isolation of tuberculosis (tb) patients. | 1998 | 9510106 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in the mothers and infants cohort study. | to estimate the hepatitis c virus (hcv) vertical transmission rate, the effect of potential risk factors, and the pattern of hcv antibody response and viremia in hcv-infected infants. | 1998 | 9685438 |
| human immunodeficiency virus among trauma patients in new york city. | to determine the hiv seroprevalence rates in relation to the demographic characteristics of victims, cause of death, and toxicology findings in a sample of victims of violence and accidents who presented to emergency departments before death. | 1998 | 9701297 |
| postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus: frequency of initiation and completion of newly recommended regimen. | recent evidence demonstrating the efficacy of zidovudine, as well as experience with protease inhibitors, led to revision of recommendations for occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus-infected blood. at our hospital, this resulted in significant increases in rates of reported exposures and prophylaxis initiation. among 10 healthcare workers given three-drug, protease-inhibitor-containing regimens, five completed 4 weeks, two completed 4 weeks of two drugs, and three stopped due t ... | 1998 | 9702574 |
| relative abundance of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissue and serum of women in long island, new york. | some organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and pcbs are under investigation as possible risk factors for breast cancer because of their estrogenic properties and widespread presence in the environment. it is important to know whether adipose tissue used by some investigators and serum assays used by others can provide comparable information on body burden. concentrations of seven ocps or their breakdown products as well as 14 pcb congeners were measured in the adipose tissue and serum of 293 women en ... | 1998 | 9641493 |
| the network approach and interventions to prevent hiv among injection drug users. | to review human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk reduction interventions among injecting drug users (idus) that have adopted a network approach. | 1998 | 9722819 |
| congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in u.s. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake. | food, especially meat, milk, and fish, is the immediate source of almost all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and dioxinlike compounds in the general population. to estimate intake of these highly toxic compounds, we performed congener-specific dioxin analyses for the first time on u.s. food for 18 dairy meat, and fish samples from a supermarket in upstate new york. 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd, "dioxin") toxic equivalents (teqs) on a wet weight basi ... | 1994 | 9738211 |