| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1993. | in 1993, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 9,495 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. greater than 93% (8,889 cases) were wild animals, whereas 6.4% (606 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 9.9% over that of 1992 (8,645 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons (37.1% increase in reported cases over 1992). t ... | 1994 | 7744643 |
| tuberculosis in children younger than five years old: new york city. | we examined medical and health department records for children < 5 years of age with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis reported to the new york city health department from january, 1992, through june, 1992, in order to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis in young children and identify prevention strategies. forty-seven children were treated for suspected or confirmed tuberculosis. sixty-two percent (21 of 34) were foreign-born (n = 11) or had foreign-born caretakers (n = 10). a source ca ... | 1995 | 7746692 |
| disappearance of uremia due to heroin-associated nephropathy. | heroin-associated nephropathy (han), a complication of intravenous heroin abuse, was initially recognized at kings county hospital in brooklyn, ny, in the early 1970s. our recent experience indicates that after a steady incidence of new cases of han throughout the mid-1980s, a sharp decrease in incidence of new cases occurred starting in 1989. we sought to explore possible explanations for what amounts to disappearance of a previously prevalent disease. by means of retrospective analysis of a ho ... | 1995 | 7747721 |
| assessment of nutritional, clinical, and immunologic status of hiv-infected, inner-city patients with multiple risk factors. | to evaluate the nutritional, clinical, and immunologic factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected, inner-city patients with multiple risk factors. | 1995 | 7759740 |
| a community-based, interagency approach by dietitians to provide meals, medical nutrition therapy, and education to clients with hiv/aids. | dietitians have the opportunity to be leaders in providing medical nutrition therapy and home-delivered meals for people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) in the community setting. four community agencies developed the visiting nurse service hiv/home delivered meals program. fifty clients with the diagnosis of hiv and/or aids were served for a 6-month period. the program provided convenient, energy-enhanced nutritious meals. participants received dai ... | 1995 | 7759745 |
| evaluation of hiv type 1 western blot-indeterminate blood donors for the presence of human or bovine retroviruses. | from 1985 through 1990, 1100 of 500,000 human blood donations in syracuse, new york were repeatedly reactive by elisa for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). nine hundred of the elisa-reactive samples were confirmed as negative by western blot (wb), 40 were confirmed as positive, and the remaining 160 sera were indeterminate, reacting mainly with hiv-1 gag gene products. twenty donors with the most reactive indeterminate wb were selected for follow-up studies. four of ... | 1995 | 7786586 |
| tuberculosis in new york city--turning the tide. | from 1978 through 1992, the number of patients with tuberculosis in new york city nearly tripled, and the proportion of such patients who had drug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis more than doubled. | 1995 | 7791840 |
| incidence of venereal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women. | a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (n = 253) and uninfected (n = 658) women was prospectively studied to assess the relationship between venereal warts and hiv status, adjusting for self-reported and biologic measures of sexual risk behavior. participants were assessed every 6 months for venereal warts and other sexually transmitted diseases, self-reported sexual behavior, and cd4 cell counts. the incidence of venereal warts was significantly increased in hiv-infected women ... | 1995 | 7797919 |
| seroprevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus type ii infection, with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection, among us intravenous drug users. | seroprevalence of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was determined among 7841 intravenous drug users (ivdus) from drug treatment centers in baltimore, chicago, los angeles, new jersey (asbury park and trenton), new york city (brooklyn and harlem), philadelphia, and san antonio, texas; 20.9% had evidence of htlv infection, as determined using a p21e eia for screening and p21e blot for confirmation. with a type-specific eia and blot used in combinati ... | 1995 | 7797946 |
| temporal trends and transmission patterns during the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in new york city: a molecular epidemiologic assessment. | to ascertain the role of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission on multidrug-resistant (mdr) tuberculosis (tb) emergence in new york city, medical records, drug susceptibilities, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) of tb cases at a city hospital between two 9-month periods (1987-1988 and 1990-1991) were reviewed. the proportion of tb patients with mdrtb increased from 10% (27/267) to 17% (38/222; p = .03). among mdrtb patients of known hi ... | 1995 | 7798657 |
| occupational exposure among medical students and house staff at a new york city medical center. | the purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of and reasons for underreporting of occupational exposures to patients' blood and body fluids among students and house staff. | 1995 | 7802523 |
| hpv detection using "hot start" polymerase chain reaction in patients with oral cancer: a clinicopathological study of 64 patients. | we examined the incidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in intraoral cancers from 64 patients as determined by the highly sensitive technique of "hot start" polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. polymerase-chain-reaction-amplified hpv dna was detected in the carcinomas of 16 patients (25%). the percentage of men in the hpv-positive (hpv+) group was greater than that in the hpv-negative (hpv-) group (86% versus 68%), but the difference was not statistically ... | 1994 | 7824504 |
| nativity concentration and internal migration among the foreign-born. | are immigrants who live in states where large numbers of their compatriots reside more or less likely to migrate than those who live in other states? using 1980 u.s. census data to address that question, the analysis shows that nativity concentration deters interstate migration but not migration within the same state. residing in a state where fellow nationals live is a more important determinant of internal migration than human capital, immigration status, or a state's unemployment rate. new yo ... | 1994 | 7828769 |
| cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi from human tick bite sites: a guide to the risk of infection. | the risk of acquiring lyme disease has been evaluated by xenodiagnostic procedures with laboratory strains of borrelia burgdorferi and laboratory-reared ixodes ticks, or by clinical trials in which diagnosis was based on clinical findings, culture, or serologic tests. | 1995 | 7829700 |
| hans-lukas teuber: a tribute. | hans-lukas teuber (1916-1977) was one of the most influential neuropsychologists of his generation. in the first part of his career he headed the psychophysiology laboratory at the new york university--bellevue medical center. there he and his associates played a major role in establishing human neuropsychology as a rigorous experimental science closely linked to contemporary neurophysiology and experimental psychology. in the second part of his career he founded the department of psychology at ... | 1994 | 7833648 |
| hiv prevalence and sexual behavior in a cohort of new york city gay men (aged 18-24). | an ethnically diverse cohort (n = 174) of new york city gay men (aged 18-24) was studied to determine human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence and to document sexual behavior patterns. blood tests of 87 men showed an hiv prevalence of 9%, but only 3% of the previously tested men (n = 77) reported knowledge of a positive test result at baseline interview. an annual hiv seroconversion rate of 2% was observed. ethnic minority men were more likely to test hiv positive. in addition, the median n ... | 1995 | 7834405 |
| update: influenza activity--new york and united states, 1994-95 season. | influenza activity in the united states during the current influenza season began in the northeast, and during late january, spread to other regions of the country. this report describes influenza outbreaks in nursing homes in new york and summarizes national influenza surveillance data from october 2, 1994, through february 11, 1995. | 1995 | 7845350 |
| distribution of the latency period for perinatally acquired aids. | in the united states, over 86 per cent of paediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were infected through maternal or perinatal transmission and current estimates suggest that approximately 6000 children are born to infected women each year. in industrialized countries, less than 25 per cent of infants maternally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are infected. the exact time of infection is unknown. however an endpoint, birth, exists from which the latency per ... | 1994 | 7846408 |
| dioxins in u.s. food and estimated daily intake. | congener-specific analyses for polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans were performed on eighteen dairy, meat, and fish samples obtained from a supermarket in upstate new york. dioxin toxic equivalents (teqs) on a whole or wet weight basis for these food samples ranged from 0.02 to 1.5 parts per trillion (ppt). data on american food consumption rates were used to estimate a u.s. range of dioxin intake from food. based on these first congener-specific dioxin analyses of u.s. food, u.s. average ... | 1994 | 7850373 |
| genital ulcer disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and microbiologic characteristics of genital ulcer disease in a population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. | 1995 | 7856685 |
| identifying newborn babies who test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1994 | 7857445 |
| urban rape survivors: characteristics and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. multicenter crack cocaine and hiv infection study team. | to determine the prevalence of recent rape, the characteristics or recent rape survivors, and the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), syphilis, and genital herpes (hsv-2) among recent rape survivors. | 1995 | 7862367 |
| preparations for aids vaccine trials. retention, behavior change, and hiv-seroconversion among injecting drug users (idus) and sexual partners of idus. | the likelihood that subjects in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine efficacy trials will alter their behavioral risks for hiv infection over time must be considered in evaluating the feasibility of such trials and in estimating the necessary sample sizes to be enrolled. potential subjects for future vaccine efficacy trials include injecting drug users (idus) and others who may be difficult to retain in studies and who may alter hiv-risk-related behaviors substantially over time. we have i ... | 1994 | 7865302 |
| hiv antibody testing and client retention in the therapeutic community. a preliminary report of phoenix house. | this report describes the current approach to testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody at phoenix house, a large therapeutic community (tc) in the northeastern united states, and presents findings on retention of clients who have been tested for hiv antibodies and notified of their hiv serostatus. a total of 240 clients were tested while in treatment at phoenix house between april 1988 and july 1992. of these, 51 tested hiv positive. an additional 76 clients had tested positiv ... | 1994 | 7869470 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--new york and united states, 1994-95 season. | | 1995 | 7869543 |
| results of the nida treatment demonstration grants' cocaine workgroup: characteristics of cocaine users and hiv risk behaviors. | this journal issue includes seven articles (six plus this introduction) from the "cocaine workgroup" of the national institute on drug abuse (nida) treatment demonstration grants. in this introduction, results of the first attempts to compare data from seven disparate demonstration grant sites are summarized: overall, rates of recent cocaine use were high in all locations, injection drug use was common, age of first drug use was between 14 and 17 years with age of first cocaine use between 20 an ... | 1995 | 7882868 |
| evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents and human beings from connecticut and new york, usa. | | 1995 | 7885165 |
| estimation of the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in new york city. | cryptococcal infections are not reportable illnesses, and there have been limited attempts to estimate their incidence or prevalence. this study estimates the prevalence of cryptococcal disease in new york city in 1991 among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who were at risk. numerator data were generated by surveying all hospitals in new york city to determine the number of patients with cultures positive for cryptococcus neoformans as well as the number of patients with posi ... | 1994 | 7888529 |
| multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in an hiv dental clinic. | to investigate possible transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in a dental setting. | 1995 | 7897177 |
| cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts among seronegative heterosexual partners of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | | 1993 | 7902867 |
| seroprevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus in blacks from a selected central brooklyn population. | human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) has been causally linked to adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-i-associated myelopathy. few seroprevalence studies have been carried out in the united states. because of the number of reports of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-i-associated myelopathy in blacks from central brooklyn, new york, we decided to initiate a seroprevalence study in this community. intravenous drug users and ... | 1994 | 7910512 |
| estimation of time since infection using longitudinal disease-marker data. | we propose a method to estimate the usually unknown time since infection for individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). if we assume the time since infection has an exponential prior distribution, then under the model the conditional distribution of time since infection, given the cd4 level at the time of the first positive hiv-1 antibody test, is a truncated normal density. we applied the method to prevalent cohort data both from intravenous drug users and from homos ... | 1994 | 7911249 |
| maturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users. | this study was aimed at estimating the maturity of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in cohorts of injecting drug users with existing hiv infection at the time of first observation, and using this information to estimate the incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in this population group. the method imputed the "missing" time from seroconversion to first observation for seroprevalent subjects in a combined cohort including injecting drug users from new york ... | 1994 | 7911376 |
| the lived experience of nurses enrolled in the regents college nursing program. | this qualitative research study was undertaken to investigate the experience of being a registered nurse (rn) student enrolled in a specific nontraditional nursing program, ie, regents college nursing program (rcnp), from the perspective of the rcnp baccalaureate graduate. fifteen rn bachelor's of science in nursing (bsn) graduates of rcnp participated in this descriptive phenomenological investigation in which participant interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed phenome ... | 1994 | 7930171 |
| prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections among persons with hansen's disease in new york city. | one-hundred seven consecutive patients attending a new york hansen's disease clinic from november 1990 through june 1991 were tested for retroviruses. this cohort included 58 patients diagnosed with hansen's disease after the onset of the aids epidemic, 54 of whom immigrated to the united states before diagnosis of hansen's disease (median, 7 years). the overall rate (1.9%) of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i infection was low. two (3.6%) of 55 caribbean-born patients had polymerase ... | 1994 | 7930695 |
| mono-ortho- and non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk from mohawk and control women: effects of maternal factors and previous lactation. | fifty-four individual human milk samples from 50 mothers (20 mohawks and 30 controls) were analyzed for four non-ortho- and eight mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). mean total coplanar pcbs concentrations were 49 ng/g and 55 ng/g lipid for mohawk and control women, respectively. a statistical evaluation of all analytical data reveals no significant difference of total coplanar pcb level between mohawk and control women. the level of these contaminants is influenced by the a ... | 1994 | 7944559 |
| tuberculosis susceptibility patterns, predictors of multidrug resistance, and implications for initial therapeutic regimens at a new york city hospital. | multidrug resistance has complicated tuberculosis therapy. we studied antibiotic susceptibilities of mycobacterium tuberculosis and predictors of multidrug resistance to assist in determining initial drug regimens. | 1994 | 7944836 |
| cervical neoplasia in women with hiv infection. | hiv infections in women now account for 40% of all hiv infections worldwide, and the majority of new infections are due to heterosexual transmission. in the united states, 12% of aids cases occur in women and in certain high prevalence areas such as brooklyn, new york, 25% of cases are in women. both squamous cell neoplasia of the cervix and hiv infection are, in part, sexually transmitted diseases, with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus infection the implicated viral carcinogen associated ... | 1994 | 7947005 |
| mercury content of small pan fish from new york state waters. | yellow perch (perca flavescens) and pumpkin seed (lepomis gibbosus) were sampled from 16 waters in new york-state and analyzed for total mercury concentration. the levels of mercury in the fish were all well below the safe guideline for human consumption (1 ppm of mercury, fresh weight) of the u.s. food and drug administration. factors affecting the mobility, methylation and absorption of mercury by fish are discussed. | 1994 | 7953472 |
| intersecting epidemics--crack cocaine use and hiv infection among inner-city young adults. multicenter crack cocaine and hiv infection study team. | the smoking of "crack" cocaine is thought to be associated with high-risk sexual practices that accelerate the spread of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we studied 2323 young adults, 18 to 29 years of age, who smoked crack regularly or who had never smoked crack. the study participants, recruited from the streets of inner-city neighborhoods in new york, miami, and san francisco, were interviewed and tested for hiv. this report presents the findings for the 1967 participant ... | 1994 | 7969281 |
| rickettsialpox in a new york city hospital, 1980 to 1989. | rickettsialpox is caused by rickettsia akari, which is transmitted from rodents to humans by bloodsucking mites. the initial skin lesion forms an eschar and is followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, and 5 to 40 maculopapules and papulovesicles. the disease, which responds to tetracycline, can be mistaken for chickenpox. the diagnosis has been based on an increase in serum antibody titers against r. akari over a period of three to eight weeks. we discuss a more rapid technique th ... | 1994 | 7969341 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis: etiology, management and prevention. | drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis inevitably arises from inadequate or inappropriate drug taking or drug prescribing, effectively resulting in monotherapy. this may occur in the patient being treated (acquired resistance) or in a patient who has been infected by another patient with drug resistant tuberculosis (primary resistance). there is some evidence that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, ie, resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin, is increasing in the united states and in other c ... | 1994 | 7973169 |
| transmission of tuberculosis in new york city. an analysis by dna fingerprinting and conventional epidemiologic methods. | the incidence of tuberculosis and drug resistance is increasing in the united states, but it is not clear how much of the increase is due to reactivation of latent infection and how much to recent transmission. | 1994 | 7993412 |
| the epidemiology of bat rabies in new york state, 1988-92. | in 1993 new york and texas each reported a human rabies case traced to a rare variant of rabies virus found in an uncommon species of bat. this study examined the epidemiology of bat rabies in new york state. demographic, species, and animal-contact information for bats submitted for rabies testing from 1988-92 was analysed. the prevalence of rabies in 6810 bats was 4.6%. nearly 90% of the 308 rabid bats identified to species were the common big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus), which comprised 62% ... | 1994 | 7995360 |
| risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions on pap smear in women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to determine risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) on pap smear, 253 women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection had pap smear, hiv antibody testing, cd4+ cell measurements, and human papillomavirus (hpv) genome detection by southern blot hybridization. associated with sil (p < .05) on univariate analysis were genital hpv (sil prevalence in hpv-positive subjects, 36.3%; odds ratio [or], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [ci], 4.2-20.3) and hiv infection (sil preva ... | 1994 | 7995978 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection care is unavailable to inmates on release from jail. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence in urban jails is higher than that in the general community. | 1994 | 8000561 |
| serosurvey of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus infection among hospital-based surgeons. serosurvey study group. | because occupational blood contact places health-care workers at risk for infection with bloodborne pathogens, we wanted to estimate the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) among hospital-based surgeons and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. | 1995 | 8000651 |
| animating the curriculum: integrating multimedia into teaching. | at many medical schools, the medical library assists faculty in finding and integrating new technology into the classroom, student laboratories, and lecture or small group sessions. libraries also provide faculty with a place to do development. this paper recounts the author's experience creating software-based educational materials. in the process of creating the slice of life videodisc and developing and distributing other medical education software, techniques that do and do not work in produ ... | 1994 | 8004014 |
| relationship between human immunodeficiency virus infection and salmonellosis in 20- to 59-year-old residents of new york city. | among 20- to 59-year-old residents of new york city who have septicemia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, and multiple site infections due to salmonella, those listed in the new york city aids registry were highly overrepresented. among the patients listed in the registry, males outnumbered females by 4:1 (septicemia), 9:1 (multiple site infections), 5.6:1 (gastroenteritis), and 2.5:1 (urinary tract infection); among patients not listed, males outnumbered females by 2.7:1 (septicemia), ... | 1994 | 8011816 |
| multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the new york state prison system, 1990-1991. | three epidemiologically linked multidrug-resistant (mdr) tuberculosis (tb) outbreaks in 1990-1991 involving new york state (nys) inmates suggested mdr-tb was widespread in nys prisons. inmate lists were linked to 1990-1992 tb registries, medical records were reviewed, and movement histories for inmates with mdr-tb were examined within and between prisons and hospitals. in 1990-1991, 171 inmates were diagnosed with tb. this rate (156.2/100,000) was significantly higher than the 1990-1991 us rate ... | 1994 | 8014491 |
| outbreak of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in a new york state prison, 1991. | in the summer of 1991, four inmates from prison a in upstate new york died of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. to determine the extent of resistant tuberculosis at prison a and transmission patterns, the authors interviewed staff and reviewed medical records and inmate movement histories. contact investigation results were examined to determine tuberculin skin test conversions and to estimate risk of infection and disease for inmates who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ... | 1994 | 8023800 |
| parental control and teenage rights. | | 1994 | 8026937 |
| the role of the nurse in the patient self-determination act. | the passage of the patient self-determination act (psda) in november 1990 marked an important step in assuring that individuals' choices regarding health care matters would be honored. this paper reports the results of a descriptive survey of hospitals and nursing homes about the role of the nurse in the implementation of the psda. although exploratory, results of this survey indicate that nurses are assuming varied roles in carrying out the dictates of the psda. differences between the role res ... | 1994 | 8027867 |
| effect of sexual behavior change on long-term human immunodeficiency virus prevalence among homosexual men. | substantial changes in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related sexual behavior have been reported by virtually every survey of homosexual/bisexual men in the last decade. this paper uses a behavior-based simulation to examine how such changes are likely to affect the long-term future of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic among homosexual men. data from the longitudinal aids impact project in new york city are used to estimate age-specific patterns of unprotected anogenital ... | 1994 | 8030625 |
| exposure to breastmilk in infancy and the risk of breast cancer. | early childhood nutrition may affect the subsequent risk of breast cancer in adulthood. we examined the association of having been breastfed with risk of breast cancer in a case-control study of women age 40-85 years in western new york. cases (n = 528) had newly diagnosed primary, pathologically confirmed breast cancer; controls (n = 602) were randomly selected from the same community and were frequency matched on age. having been breastfed was associated with decreased risk. the multivariate a ... | 1994 | 8038247 |
| human rabies--united states, 1993. | | 1994 | 8038750 |
| a state program for postpartum hiv counseling and testing. | the new york state department of health began its obstetrical hiv counseling/testing/care initiative in 1989. the objective of the initiative was to expand the availability of and access to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection counseling and voluntary testing in the postpartum setting. programs have been initiated in 24 hospitals statewide. the initiative emphasizes cooperative arrangements within participating hospitals for referring patients to medical and social services. participatio ... | 1994 | 8041852 |
| a coordinated, communitywide program in monroe county, new york, to increase influenza immunization rates in the elderly. | despite the efficacy of influenza vaccination in preventing complications of influenza, rates of immunization among high-risk populations remain low. the monroe county (new york) influenza vaccination demonstration was a communitywide, collaborative effort to increase the rates of influenza immunization to greater than 60% in elderly medicare recipients. | 1994 | 8042891 |
| maternal-newborn human immunodeficiency virus infection in harlem. | to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and its association with illicit drug use for mothers being delivered of infants at an inner-city municipal hospital. | 1994 | 8044255 |
| prisoners' access to hiv experimental trials: legal, ethical, and practical considerations. | much confusion exists about federal regulations governing the enrollment of prisoners in experimental clinical trials. given the high prevalence of hiv infection in certain incarcerated populations, the issues surrounding clinical trials need clarification. a review of the history of prisoners as human subjects and current federal regulations regarding research on prisoners is provided. experience at two new york state designated aids centers with inmates and experimental drug trials is describe ... | 1994 | 8083827 |
| establishment of human tissue banks. | mounting interest in europe over the incorporation of the human biological model in the laboratory has been fuelled by scientific advances and the much improved accessibility to human tissue. the collection of tissue is complicated by a host of ethical considerations and lack of public awareness of the benefits of donation to research and education. in the united states, the international institute for the advancement of medicine (iiam) has been successful in networking the cooperation of organ ... | 1994 | 8086227 |
| protecting mental health research subjects without prohibiting progress. | federal regulations governing the protection of human research subjects fail to specifically address research involving persons with mental illness. in 1990 the new york state office of mental health issued regulations covering such research. the regulations are designed to respect the autonomy of psychiatric patients to make decisions about participation in research while protecting patients whose capacity to consent may be impaired. patients who lack sufficient capacity may be included in rese ... | 1994 | 8088742 |
| aids specialist versus generalist ambulatory care for advanced hiv infection and impact on hospital use. | we examined patterns of ambulatory care in the year before diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) for 5,720 persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who were continuously enrolled in the new york state medicaid program and diagnosed in 1984-90. for 3,175 persons followed > or = 6 months after aids, we also examined the change between the year before aids diagnosis and the 6 months afterward in the predominant provider who was seen most frequently and at least twi ... | 1994 | 8090043 |
| exclusion of familial dysautonomia from more than 60% of the genome. | familial dysautonomia (fd) is a recessive neurological disorder that affects the development of the sensory and autonomic nervous system. the gene defect appears to be limited to the ashkenazi jewish population, where the carrier frequency is 1 in 30. one hundred and ninety-one marker loci representing all autosomes were tested for linkage with the fd genetic defect in 23 families. a combination of pairwise and multipoint analyses excluded the fd gene from at least 60% of the autosomal genome. t ... | 1993 | 8093738 |
| tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. a family infection. | to study the epidemiologic and clinical features of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children and their families. patients and clinical setting: sixty families of children with hiv infection, children of hiv indeterminate status, and seroreverters underwent follow-up in a comprehensive multidisciplinary program for children and families. | 1993 | 8094939 |
| mapping the gene causing x-linked recessive nephrolithiasis to xp11.22 by linkage studies. | x-linked recessive nephrolithiasis is associated with kidney stones and renal tubular dysfunction in childhood progressing to renal failure in adulthood. the primary defect causing this renal tubular disorder is unknown and determining the chromosomal location of the mutant gene would represent an important step toward defining the biochemical basis. we have performed linkage studies in 102 members (10 affected males, 47 unaffected males, 15 obligate heterozygote females, and 30 unaffected femal ... | 1993 | 8099916 |
| correlates of the rate of decline of cd4+ lymphocytes among injection drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | changes in the level of cd4-bearing t-lymphocytes in injection drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated in a sample of 318 subjects enrolled from a methadone program in the bronx, new york, from 1985 through 1989. follow-up continued through 1990. the percentage of cd4+ t-lymphocytes (cd4%) was used to maximize the stability of measurements. the rate of decline of the cd4% was determined using a random-effects assumption, and predictors of rate of decline were eva ... | 1993 | 8100395 |
| transmission of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in an urban hospital: epidemiologic and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | from january 1990 to december 1991, 16 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin were diagnosed at elmhurst hospital. compared with other tb patients, mdr-tb patients were more likely to have human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (14/16 vs. 21/204, p < .001) and a prior admission (10/16 vs. 3/204, p < .001). hiv-infected patients hospitalized for > 10 days within three rooms of an infecti ... | 1993 | 8104226 |
| a prospective four-year follow-up of neuropsychological function in hiv seropositive and seronegative methadone-maintained patients. | the evolution of central nervous system (cns) impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was assessed by a prospective, longitudinal study of patients in a methadone maintenance clinic. at a mean of 47 months after baseline testing, which included physical exams, hiv antibody testing and a neuropsychological (np) screening battery, 121 subjects received a second np assessment. forty subjects (33%) who were seropositive at baseline showed statistically significant de ... | 1993 | 8112557 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. human rabies--new york, 1993. | | 1993 | 8133602 |
| an enhanced surveillance program for adult t-cell leukemia in central brooklyn. | the brooklyn adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) study was developed to estimate the incidence of the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i)-associated atl in the crown heights/bedford stuyvesant community. this central brooklyn black community is an area which has already been shown in earlier reports to be endemic for htlv-i-associated atl. surveillance has been conducted at seven area hospitals that serve this community, with surveillance already completed at five hospitals. potenti ... | 1994 | 8152275 |
| ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) deer tick mesoscale populations in natural areas: effects of deer, area, and location. | nymphal ixodes scapularis say deer ticks were collected at 22 parks or other natural areas on long island, new york, to examine the relationship between tick populations and geographic position, size of area, presence of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), and numbers of human lyme disease cases in adjacent communities. nymphal ticks were 93% less abundant when deer were absent and were also less common in smaller natural areas. geographic position on long island was not impor ... | 1994 | 8158618 |
| resection of aortic arch aneurysms using an external shunt. | surgical treatment of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta had its beginnings in the early 1950s. at that time, thoracic aneurysms were usually due to syphilitic infection and were usually fatal. before the development of the heart-lung machine, it was realized that external shunts could facilitate the repair of these aneurysms. in 1954, dr ralph alley and his colleagues at albany medical center reported 2 patients who had surgical correction of thoracic aortic aneurysms using external vascular shunt ... | 1994 | 8166511 |
| health risks from contaminated water: do class and race matter? | the impact of contaminants in water on minorities and economically disadvantaged persons was reviewed. environmental legislation governing water was summarized as background information against which relevant studies were evaluated. the majority of the available information was anecdotal or case study and did not lend itself to making quantitative comparisons or analyses. however, the data did present certain trends that led to the conclusion that inequities concerning exposure to contaminants i ... | 1993 | 8184447 |
| chlorinated and brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue following exposure. | with substantial improvements in analytic techniques over the past decade, it has become possible to measure polychlorinated dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) in human tissue in a congener-specific fashion down to the low parts per trillion level. this paper reviews findings using these new techniques from a number of recent medical and environmental case studies. these studies include those of workers exposed to a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) transformer fire in the united states, ger ... | 1994 | 8187703 |
| resurgence of active tuberculosis among pregnant women. | to determine the frequency of active tuberculosis during pregnancy in two hospitals located in an area where tuberculosis is epidemic and to describe its course and association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1994 | 8190429 |
| implications of directly observed therapy in tuberculosis control measures among idus. | tuberculosis (tb) is a rapidly growing problem among injecting drug users (idu), especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus. the authors review idus' responses to current tb control strategies and discuss the implications of their findings for the proposed implementation of directly observed therapy (dot), a method for ensuring that patients take prescribed medication. field workers carried out 210 ethnographic interviews with 68 idus in a brooklyn, ny, community during 1990-93. ... | 1994 | 8190855 |
| hiv education for the deaf, a vulnerable minority. | large numbers of deaf and hard-of-hearing people are in danger of becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the deaf are particularly vulnerable because of language barriers, their unique culture, and the paucity of community services, educational programs, and general information directed to this population. the particular barriers that the deaf must face in learning about hiv protection range from inadequate schooling about human sexuality to the scarcity of locally availa ... | 1994 | 8190862 |
| progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among homosexual men in hepatitis b vaccine trial cohorts in amsterdam, new york city, and san francisco, 1978-1991. | the authors evaluated the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) disease from the date of seroconversion to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and death among 362 well-documented seroconverters. the participants were homosexual men in hepatitis b vaccine trials in amsterdam (n = 74), new york city (n = 120), and san francisco (n = 168). there were significant differences in the proportion of deaths, mean age at seroconversion, and mean age at aids di ... | 1994 | 8192140 |
| human rabies. new york, 1993. | | 1994 | 8193012 |
| knowledge and practices among injecting-drug users of bleach use for equipment disinfection--new york city, 1993. | sharing (i.e., multiperson use) of drug-injection equipment among injecting-drug users (idus) is a major risk factor in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other bloodborne pathogens. abstaining from injection of drugs eliminates this risk; disinfection of needles and syringes with household bleach can reduce this risk. because studies suggest the effectiveness of bleach disinfection may be limited, the march 1993 national institute on drug abuse (nida) community alert bul ... | 1994 | 8202077 |
| bleach use and hiv seroconversion among new york city injection drug users. | we employed a nested case-control study design to evaluate the efficacy of bleach-cleaning of needles and syringes among injecting drug users (idus) as a means of preventing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. sixteen hiv-seroconverters who responded to bleach use questions and who reported injecting with shared or used equipment in the 6 months prior to their first positive visit were compared with 89 controls. controls had remained hiv-seronegative at two or more visits, reported inj ... | 1994 | 8207647 |
| hiv-1 seroprevalence and risk behaviors in an urban african-american community cohort. | previous attempts at obtaining population estimates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence have been beset by problems of cooperation bias. as part of the fourth round of study with an urban african-american community cohort, the following investigation was aimed at assessing hiv-1 prevalence and the relative importance of sex and drug injection as risk factors in infection. | 1993 | 8214226 |
| echovirus type 30 infection associated with aseptic meningitis in nassau county, new york, usa. | an outbreak of echovirus type 30, primarily affecting infant under 1 year old, was documented in nassau county, n.y., usa. twenty-four of the 40 infected patients were definitively diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. a positive correlation was found between the proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the overall cerebrospinal fluid white cell count. | 1993 | 8225911 |
| screening for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases in an inner-city colposcopy clinic. | among patients attending an inner-city colposcopy clinic, the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis was 22/375 (5.0%), neisseria gonorrhoeae, 3/375 (0.8%), and seropositivity for syphilis, 10/375 (2.7%). in addition, 13/261 (5.0%) of asymptomatic women agreeing to voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) antibody screening were hiv-1 seropositive. our data support incorporating screening for and education on sexually transmitted diseases and hiv into the work of our colposcopy clinic. | 1993 | 8232380 |
| harvey lincoff, noted ophthalmologist and surgeon, receives man of the year award. | | 1993 | 8235103 |
| medicaid and health reform: the case of new york. | new york state has the largest, most expensive state medicaid program in the country. thus, an examination of its medicaid program can offer valuable lessons for other states that are considering reform of their health systems, as well as for reform at a nationwide level. much recent growth in medicaid in new york stems from shifting state-funded human service programs onto medicaid and shifting the state's share of medicaid onto nontraditional revenue sources. in contrast to other states, in wh ... | 1993 | 8244250 |
| tuberculosis in a correctional facility. | after the identification of five suspected cases of tuberculosis (tb) in a nassau county (new york) jail during a 3-week period, an epidemiologic investigation was begun to document the number of cases of tb infection and disease associated with the jail, the characteristics of current or former inmates with tb disease, and the factors contributing to tb transmission in the jail. | 1993 | 8250665 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of mycobacterium haemophilum, an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. | to describe 13 infections caused by mycobacterium haemophilum. | 1994 | 8256970 |
| preventing hiv transmission: behavior and attitudes of medical house staff in a high-prevalence area. | our objective was to evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk-factor assessment and counseling behavior in 86 medical house staff and to ascertain the effect of question format (closed versus open) on reported physician behaviors. we designed a cross-sectional survey using a self-report questionnaire; we received 78 returns of 86 questionnaires (91% response) from one-year and three-year medical housestaff at two general medical clinics in a university-affiliated bronx municipal hospital ... | 1993 | 8257620 |
| continuity and change within an hiv epidemic. injecting drug users in new york city, 1984 through 1992. | to examine trends in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) risk behavior and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among injecting drug users (idus) in new york city from 1984 through 1992. | 1994 | 8264066 |
| insight into the infection dynamics of the aids epidemic: a birth cohort analysis of new york city aids mortality. | the authors analyzed the secular trends of new york city acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) mortality from 1980 through the first quarter of 1991 using birth cohort techniques to provide insight into reasons for temporal changes in growth of the epidemic. by disaggregating aids mortality data into composite birth cohorts, the authors determined that the slowing in the growth of the epidemic is a result of a leveling or decline in aids deaths in male birth cohorts born before 1950 and a co ... | 1993 | 8266911 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without aids. | in the 1980s, tens of thousands of cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in persons with aids, making it the most common opportunistic infection encountered in this patient population. thus, the presentation and clinical course of pcp became well-known to many physicians. overshadowed by this epidemic was the continued occurrence of pcp in persons not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, most notably those receiving immunosuppressive therapy for neoplastic disease or ... | 1993 | 8274607 |
| the third epidemic--multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | we recently observed a striking increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) among patients admitted to the chest service at bellevue hospital center in new york. we reviewed the laboratory susceptibility test results of 4,681 tuberculosis (tb) cases over the past 20 years, combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampin increased from 2.5 percent in 1971 to 16 percent in 1991 with higher rates noted for individual drugs. we reviewed the medical records of 100 patients with drug-resistant ... | 1994 | 8275781 |
| anesthesia for the homeless. | healthcare for the homeless is often crisis-oriented and fragmented. homelessness may be associated with ongoing healthcare problems such as tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and substance abuse. the purpose of this study was to identify the anesthesia services required by homeless individuals from an urban area. the anesthesia records of all individuals (n = 40) identified as being homeless and receiving care at one new york city medic ... | 1993 | 8291392 |
| demographic, medical history and sexual correlates of hiv seropositive methadone maintained women. | beginning in january 1989, consecutive female admissions to the artc mmtp clinics in nyc were interviewed about their medical, drug, sexual and social experiences during 6 distinct historical years. bloods were drawn and each sample tested for hiv via elisa and western blot analysis. the data for 256 females was analyzed. the sample was predominantly black (56%) and hispanic (36%). fifty-four percent (140) were between the ages of 31 and 40; 35% (91) were between the ages of 18 and 30; and 10% ( ... | 1993 | 8292633 |
| sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum from three independent samples: relative size of the corpus callosum. | three independent autopsy samples of brains without apparent neuropathology were studied to ascertain whether there was sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum (cc). using planimetric measurements on midsagittal brain sections, several morphometric features of the cc were studied: total callosal area, maximum dorsoventral splenial width, the posterior one fifth of the total area of the cc (mostly splenium), and brain weight. ratio data correcting for brain size were also studied. in all s ... | 1993 | 8296877 |
| aids, hiv infection, and illicit drug use within inner-city families and social networks. | drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. this study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among drug users' sexual partners and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk. | 1994 | 8296952 |
| aids-related reasons for gay men's adoption of celibacy. | since it was first recognized that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection could be sexually transmitted, celibacy has been advocated by some as the only unequivocally effective adaptation for avoiding the risk of infection. others, however, have countered that few will be willing to be celibate and, further, that such behavior may have adverse psychosocial consequences. as part of a qualitative study of gay men's sexual decision-making in the context of the aids/hiv epidemic, we identified ... | 1993 | 8297710 |
| a meta-evaluation of nutrition education intervention research among pregnant women. | inadequate nutrition during pregnancy retards human fetal growth and increases the risk of delivering a low birthweight (lbw) infant. some studies place particular emphasis on reducing lbw through improved nutrition. consensus documents have strongly recommended intense nutrition education programs for patients at risk. despite this well-defined need few methodologically rigorous studies have been conducted to evaluate the behavioral impact of nutrition education for pregnant patients. criteria ... | 1993 | 8307758 |