| frequency of puncture injuries in surgeons and estimated risk of hiv infection. | to evaluate the occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we surveyed 202 surgeons working in the new york city metropolitan area. one hundred seventy-three (86%) surgeons reported at least one puncture injury in the preceding year (median number, 2 per year; interquartile range, 1 to 4 per year). seventy-six percent of the injuries occurred during surgery, and the median injury rate was 4.2 per 1000 operating room hours. twenty-five percent of the surgeons sustained yea ... | 1989 | 2818181 |
| increased incidence of malignant lymphoma in aids: a comparison of risk groups and possible etiologic factors. | | 1988 | 2851104 |
| hiv screening and counseling for intravenous drug abuse patients. staff and patient attitudes. | at least one third of patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program are willing to comply voluntarily with screening for and counseling about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was answered anonymously by 79% (46) of the clinical staff and 67% (868) of the enrolled patients. on their own initiative, 21% of the patients had already received voluntary anonymous hiv screening and ... | 1989 | 2909023 |
| potential for exposure to tick bites in recreational parks in a lyme disease endemic area. | eight recreational parks located in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state were surveyed for the presence of ticks during the summer of 1985 by drag sampling. ixodes dammini, the primary vector of lyme disease in the northeast, was found in all but one park and accounted for 580 (91.8 per cent) of the 632 ticks collected. of these, 18 per cent were larvae, 80 per cent were nymphs, and 2 per cent were adults. an i. dammini encounter distance, defined as the mean number of meters t ... | 1989 | 2909174 |
| increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population. association with hiv infection. | the incidence of tuberculosis (tb) among inmates of the new york state prison system increased from 15.4 per 100,000 in 1976 through 1978 to 105.5 per 100,000 in 1986. matching of tb and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome registries indicated that the majority (56%) of inmates with tb reported in 1985 and 1986 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection; none were known to be human immunodeficiency virus seronegative. a case-control study examined 59 inmates ... | 1989 | 2909778 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a complication of cardiothoracic surgery. | we identified 13 patients who contracted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus-related disease after a cardiothoracic operation. the operations were performed between january 1981 and november 1984, and the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease was established from 26 to 54 months after operation. the survival time from diagnosis ranged from 8 days to 14 months in the 10 patients who have died. a clinical illness developed in three of the patients ... | 1989 | 2911189 |
| umbilical cord blood serosurvey for human immunodeficiency virus in parturient women in a voluntary hospital in new york city. | the potential spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to childbearing women in areas of high acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) endemicity is a major public health concern. as a private institution providing obstetric care to such a population of women, we undertook an anonymous hiv cord blood serosurvey to estimate the number of childbearing women at our institution at risk for perinatal transmission of the virus and to assess the success of our voluntary screening program to id ... | 1989 | 2911424 |
| antigenically variable borrelia burgdorferi isolated from cottontail rabbits and ixodes dentatus in rural and urban areas. | spirochetes were isolated from 71 subadult ixodes dentatus removed from cottontail rabbits captured in millbrook, n.y., and in new york, n.y. spirochetes were also cultured from kidney tissues of six rabbits. while all isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody h9724, which identifies the spirochetes as borreliae, more than half did not bind with antibody h5332 and even fewer reacted with h3ts, both of which were produced to outer surface protein a of borrelia burgdorferi. sodium dodecyl sulfate- ... | 1989 | 2913024 |
| the management of hiv infection in state psychiatric hospitals. | patients with aids and related illnesses are entering state mental hospitals in increasing numbers. state hospitals in new york city generally did not plan for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) until the first patient appeared; however, over the past five years, approaches to managing these patients have evolved in the areas of admission policies, in-hospital care, and discharge planning. strengthening infection control procedures through the adoption of universal precaut ... | 1989 | 2914666 |
| hiv-1 infection among intravenous drug users in manhattan, new york city, from 1977 through 1987. | intravenous drug users are the second largest group to develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and they are the primary source for heterosexual and perinatal transmission in the united states and europe. understanding long-term trends in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users is critical to controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance data and seroprevalence studies of drug treatment program ... | 1989 | 2915408 |
| prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users. | to determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on pregnancy outcomes, we prospectively studied female intravenous drug users in a methadone program in new york city. of 191 women with hiv status known prior to pregnancy, 17 (24%) of 70 seropositives and 26 (22%) of 121 seronegatives became pregnant during 28 months of follow-up. including 54 additional women first tested for hiv antibody after becoming pregnant, 125 pregnancies were studied in 97 women (39 seropositive, ... | 1989 | 2915455 |
| a prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to determine the risk of active tuberculosis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we prospectively studied 520 intravenous drug users enrolled in a methadone-maintenance program. tuberculin skin testing and testing for hiv antibody were performed in all subjects. forty-nine of 217 hiv-seropositive subjects (23 percent) and 62 of 303 hiv-seronegative subjects (20 percent) had a positive response to skin testing with purified protein derivative (ppd) tuberculin before entr ... | 1989 | 2915665 |
| hiv seroprevalence in newborns in new york state. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was determined in women at the time of childbirth throughout new york state between november 30, 1987, and november 30, 1988. mandatory blood specimens (276,609) obtained from all newborns were examined for hiv. the overall hiv seroprevalence rate was 0.66% (1816 newborns), with 0.16% in upstate new york and 1.25% in new york city. rates for newborns whose mothers were aged 20 to 29 years (1.30%) and 30 to 39 years (1.35%) were signi ... | 1989 | 2918672 |
| women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: counseling and testing during pregnancy. | | 1989 | 2919292 |
| heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission among the middle class. | patterns of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread among the middle class have not been previously reported. thirty-nine (35 women and four men) heterosexual contacts of hiv-infected individuals were evaluated by a private infectious diseases practice located in a predominantly white middle-class borough of new york city. thirty-five of 39 patients were white. the mean household income of all patients was +41,200. source cases (28 men and four women) were predominantly intravenou ... | 1989 | 2919939 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in intravenous drug users in ohio. | a seroprevalence survey of 508 intravenous (iv) drug users enrolled in methadone treatment programs in ohio for evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) demonstrated a positivity prevalence of 1.4%. this seropositivity prevalence is low compared with 10% to 72% positive from surveys conducted in the iv drug-using populations of new york, new jersey, detroit and san francisco. although needle sharing was common (71% since 1983), the number of sharing partners was usually ... | 1989 | 2927870 |
| sexual behavior changes and hiv antibody in a cohort of new york city gay men. | a sample of 357 gay/bisexual men, ages 20 to 65, were interviewed in 1985 regarding their sexual patterns over the course of the aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic. within four months after the interview, men were tested for antibody to hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) and 36 per cent were found positive. cessation of receptive anal intercourse was associated with hiv negative antibody status, (or greater than 3.0). reducing the number of sexual partners, becoming monogamous, o ... | 1989 | 2929813 |
| normal t cell subsets in homosexual men living in a community without endemic aids. | the cause of the abnormal t lymphocyte subsets reported in healthy homosexual men is not known. frequent sexually transmitted infections including human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) are possible causes. to determine if the t lymphocyte subsets were abnormal in this population in an area without endemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), t lymphocyte subsets of 52 homosexual men in rochester, new york, were enumerated, and evidence of ... | 1986 | 2945432 |
| dssny to appeal loss in aids case. | | 1988 | 2968530 |
| risk of nosocomial infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii). | infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii) is closely linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we evaluated the risk of nosocomial infection with htlv-iii by testing for antibodies to htlv-iii among hospital employees, including victims of needle-stick exposure, endoscopists, pathologists, and laboratory workers. assays for antibody against the virus were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrophoretic (western blot) techniques. although all ... | 1985 | 2981106 |
| human t-lymphotropic retrovirus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus antibody. association with hemophiliacs' immune status and blood component usage. | we studied the human t-lymphotropic retrovirus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) antibody status of 234 factor viii concentrate recipients, 36 factor ix concentrate recipients, 69 long-term recipients of frozen packed red blood cells, and 47 persons not receiving routine transfusion therapy. factor viii concentrate recipients had a significantly higher rate of seropositivity (74%) than any other group. factor ix concentrate recipients had a significantly higher rate (39%) ... | 1985 | 2987559 |
| aids in haitian-americans: a reassessment. | the occurrence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in haitians and haitian-americans has remained an enigmatic aspect of the aids mystery. although haitians are currently classified as a high risk group, this designation has been disputed. the incidence of aids in recent haitian immigrants to the us has been estimated at 84/100,000, which is lower than the 200-240/100,000 figure put forward for other risk groups. to better understand the spread of aids within the haitian population, ... | 1985 | 2990695 |
| a classification of htlv-iii infection based on 75 cases seen in a suburban community. | since 1981, 75 patients have been seen at our hospital with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection. we have classified their clinical presentation into groups 0 to 6. groups 0 to 3 all have antibody to the mr 41,000 protein of htlv-iii. group 0 has no evident disease (9 patients), group 1 has lymphadenopathy with or without exaggerated infection (16 patients), group 2 has persistent lymphadenopathy with chronic hepatitis b surface antigenemia or profound hypergammaglobulin ... | 1985 | 2990703 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-i) p24 antibody in new york city blood product recipients. | human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-i) is known to be associated with certain hematologic malignancies, and a related virus, htlv-iii/lav, might be the cause of aids. some persons with aids have had evidence of htlv-i infection. unrelated to these findings, it has been suggested that htlv-i is transmitted via blood products. we therefore evaluated the serologic status to the htlv-i core antigen p24 of 48 persons with hemophilia (hem a) receiving factor concentrate therapy (a group at risk for aids ... | 1985 | 2994470 |
| antibody to lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human t lymphotropic virus type iii in various groups of illicit drug abusers in new york city. | | 1985 | 2995507 |
| three-year incidence of aids in five cohorts of htlv-iii-infected risk group members. | the incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) among persons infected with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of aids and had enrolled before october 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. a total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either htlv-iii seropositive at enrollment or developed htlv-iii antibodies subsequently. aids had developed in 28 (10. ... | 1986 | 3003917 |
| association of human t lymphotropic virus type iii antibodies with sexual and other behaviors in a cohort of homosexual men from boston with and without generalized lymphadenopathy. | forty asymptomatic homosexually active men seen at a boston community health center and 39 men with generalized lymphadenopathy were interviewed and filled out detailed epidemiologic questionnaires. twenty percent of the asymptomatic men and 92 percent of those with lymphadenopathy had antibodies to human t lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). none of the men have subsequently had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). seropositivity was associated with receptive anal intercourse and ... | 1986 | 3006486 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii infection in a cohort of homosexual men in new york city. | using blood samples collected since 1978, we investigated the epidemiology of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in a group of 378 homosexually active men who have resided in new york city since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic began. the anti-htlv-iii prevalence was 6.6% in sera from 1978 or 1979, and the subsequent annual incidence of seroconversion among susceptible men ranged between 5.5% and 10.6 ... | 1986 | 3007789 |
| prevalence of antibodies to htlv-i, -ii, and -iii in intravenous drug abusers from an aids endemic region. | antibody prevalences for human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i, ii, and iii were determined for 56 intravenous drug abusers from queens, ny. while control serum samples lacked antibodies to all htlv subgroups, seropositivity among drug users was 41% for htlv-iii, 18% for htlv-ii, and 9% for htlv-i. infection by htlv-i and -ii occurred independently of htlv-iii infection. blacks had greater htlv-iii antibody prevalence than whites (54% vs 16%) and were more likely than whites to be serop ... | 1986 | 3009910 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus antibody testing at alternate sites. | after the licensure of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa) test to detect antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) by the us food and drug administration in march 1985, federal funds were made available for alternate testing sites so that testing could be obtained free of charge outside of blood banks. the alternate sites were needed both to protect the nation's blood supply and to ensure that individuals seeking testing would re ... | 1986 | 3010070 |
| a varicella-zoster immunization certification form for hospital employees. | | 1986 | 3017879 |
| health education about aids among seropositive blood donors. | the new york blood center is developing a health education and psychosocial support program for blood donors who are notified that they are hiv antibody positive. the goals of that program are: to provide accurate and intelligible information about the test results to notified donors; to encourage behavior that will reduce the likelihood of spreading the virus; to encourage notified donors to behave in ways that will reduce the probability that they will develop aids; and to provide support and ... | 1986 | 3023260 |
| antiviral antibodies in the sera of homosexual men: correlation with their lifestyle and drug usage. | healthy homosexual men between the ages of 21 and 65 years, from the washington, dc (n = 162), and new york city (n = 89) areas, were studied for antibodies in the serum against cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2, and epstein barr virus (ebv) viral capsid antigen (vca). cmv-specific antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), anti-hsv-1 and -2 antibodies were measured by indirect hemagglutination (iha), and antibodies to ebv vca were measure ... | 1987 | 3029318 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children: report of the centers for disease control national surveillance, 1982 to 1985. | since national surveillance for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) began in 1981, the centers for disease control (cdc) has received reports of more than 20,000 cases of aids in the united states. as of december 31, 1985, 307 of these cases had been diagnosed in children younger than 13 years of age. the number of cases is increasing rapidly. the number of cases reported in 1985 more than doubled those reported in 1984. the major risk factors in children for acquiring infection with the c ... | 1987 | 3035476 |
| willard parker's 1841 orbital operation. | there are few records detailing the techniques and tribulations of early american surgeons who dared venture into the treacherous recess of the human orbit. the authors present a recently discovered letter written by a young woman who in 1841 underwent an orbital operation performed by the prominent new york city surgeon, willard parker. the letter details the patient's experiences in an era without anesthesia or antibiotics, and her subsequent development of conjunctival adhesions. | 1988 | 3055390 |
| tuberculosis--united states, 1985--and the possible impact of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection. | data on the number of reported cases of tuberculosis in the us in 1985 support the hypothesis that human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) infection of persons infected with the tubercle bacillus has caused an increase in tuberculosis in some areas. the 21,801 tuberculosis cases reported in 1985 represented a 2% decline from the 1984 total of 22,255 cases. however, the average decline in the 1982-84 period was 6.7%, indicating a slowing of the downwa ... | 1986 | 3080659 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in transfusion recipients and their family members. | | 1987 | 3102917 |
| the nchs pilot project to link birth and infant death records: stage 1. | the national center for health statistics (nchs) has completed a pilot test of its method to develop national linked files of birth and infant death records. a linked file of the 1982 birth cohort was produced that successfully linked 97 percent of the death records for infants who died in a nine-state area. the method nchs uses to create national linked files takes full advantage of two existing data sources: the nchs fully coded natality and mortality files and state files of matched births an ... | 1987 | 3104980 |
| the regulation of nursing homes: a comparative perspective. | britain and the united states alike face the question of how best to protect the growing and vulnerable population of nursing home residents through state regulation of private institutions. despite marked differences in scale, organization, and financing between the two nations, there are striking similarities in the problems encountered and in styles of enforcement adopted in response. analysis of the regulatory systems in practice shows a convergence in the regulatory process despite the diss ... | 1987 | 3119973 |
| aids in minority populations in the united states. | among ethnic minorities in the united states, blacks and hispanics, who compose 12 percent and 7 percent of the u.s. population, respectively, constitute 24 percent and 14 percent of the cases of aids. seventy-eight percent of all children with aids are black or hispanic, as are 71 percent of all women with aids. in the black and hispanic communities, intravenous (iv) drug abuse is associated with much of the aids transmission, and parenterally acquired infections are spread secondarily by sexua ... | 1987 | 3120232 |
| risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug abusers in new york city. | we report here the results of a survey of 308 intravenous drug abusers recruited from hospital-based methadone maintenance or drug detoxification programmes located in manhattan, new york city. complete interviews and serological analyses for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent and western blot assays were obtained from 290 (94%) of the subjects. hiv antibodies were found by both assays in 147 (50.7%) of the tested subjects; conflicting results ... | 1987 | 3122788 |
| increase in pneumonia mortality among young adults and the hiv epidemic--new york city, united states. | | 1988 | 3138521 |
| a synergism of plagues: "planned shrinkage," contagious housing destruction, and aids in the bronx. | techniques adapted from population and community ecology, quantitative geography, and epidemiology are applied to ecosystem and environmental index data on the bronx in an attempt to understand the origins and potential impacts of rampant spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in that borough: recent work by drucker and vermund (1987), ("estimating prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban areas with high rat ... | 1988 | 3168963 |
| hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in parenteral drug abusers who are hepatitis b surface antigen positive. | we studied unselected, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive parenteral drug abusers for antibody to hepatitis d virus (anti-hd) and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the prevalences of anti-hd and antibody to hiv were 67% and 58%, respectively, and there was no association between positivity for these two markers. in a logistic regression model, anti-hd was associated with older age (p = .001), longer duration of drug abuse (p = .045), and the presence of liver disease (p = ... | 1988 | 3171227 |
| leads from the mmwr. increase in pneumonia mortality among young adults and the hiv epidemic--new york city, united states. | | 1988 | 3172394 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a colposcopy clinic. | | 1988 | 3172396 |
| new borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant isolated from ixodes dammini from upstate new york. | a previously undescribed borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant was isolated from each of four ixodes dammini larvae removed from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, captured in millbrook, n.y. this site is in the northern range of the known distribution of the tick in the northeastern united states. the molecular weights of approximately 32,500 and 35,500 for outer surface a and outer surface b proteins, respectively, were distinctly higher than those for previously characterized isolates f ... | 1988 | 3183008 |
| a larger spectrum of severe hiv-1--related disease in intravenous drug users in new york city. | increasing mortality in intravenous (iv) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has occurred in new york city coincident with the aids epidemic. from 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. this increase included deaths from aids increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. investigations of these deaths su ... | 1988 | 3187532 |
| ticks parasitizing humans in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state. | a total of 126 tick specimens were submitted by tick bite victims to the westchester county department of health, white plains, new york, and to the new york medical college, medical entomology laboratory, armonk, new york, during 1985. these included 96 (76.2%) ixodes dammini, 26 (20.6%) dermacentor variabilis, and two (1.6%) amblyomma americanum. i. dammini parasitism was reported during all months of the year except december and february and involved all life stages. only d. variabilis adults ... | 1988 | 3189288 |
| autopsy patterns in patients dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in new york city. | the autopsy rate was examined for patients dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in new york city from 1982 through 1986 to determine if individuals dying of aids had autopsy rates that differed from the general population. using data from death certificates, verified by hospital records, autopsy rates for various diseases and causes of death were examined in persons aged 25 to 44 years, which represents the age group with the majority of aids deaths. the hospital autopsy rate for t ... | 1988 | 3190408 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in a brooklyn maintenance hemodialysis unit: preliminary observations. | a preliminary study of 86 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in an urban unit serving a large number of intravenous drug addicts revealed that the hiv seroprevalence rate was 27% (27 of 70 screened). twenty-three of 26 (89%) positive patients were intravenous addicts, and the remaining four included haitian immigrants and gay men. there were no false positive elisa reactions against hiv. no patient without a risk factor for hiv was seropositive, indicating an absence of nosocomial spre ... | 1988 | 3196508 |
| incubation periods for paediatric aids patients. | a recent seroprevalence study of newborns indicates that one in 62 children born in new york city has antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the distribution of incubation periods for paediatric patients is needed to estimate future aids case loads from these seroprevalence data. current estimates of incubation periods for paediatric patients are based on limited data. we use parametric and non-parametric methods to analyse incubation periods for 215 paediatric patients with aids ... | 1988 | 3200305 |
| prevalence of hiv infection in new york call girls. | in order to evaluate the frequency of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among promiscuous heterosexuals, we studied the prevalence of hiv infection among a group of predominantly caucasian call girls and women working for escort services and massage parlors in new york city. in the 78 subjects studied, the mean age was 31.6 years and the mean duration of prostitution was 5.1 years. study participants each had a median of 200 different sexual partners in the preceding year ... | 1988 | 3216302 |
| further studies of the plasma alpha 1 b-glycoprotein polymorphism: two new alleles and allele frequencies in caucasians and in american blacks. | two new alleles (a1 b*3 and a1 b*4) of human plasma alpha 1 b-glycoprotein (alpha 1 b) were reported. alpha 1 b phenotyping was done by using either a simple method of two-dimensional (2-d) agarose gel-horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) followed by protein staining or by one-dimensional horizontal page and immunoblotting. seven different alpha 1 b phenotypes (1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-2, 2-3 and 3-3) were observed; phenotypes 1-3 and 1-4 were differentiated from each other only by ... | 1988 | 3235092 |
| aids in the black community: public health implications. | as of the end of september 1988, 16,600 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been reported in new york city, including 5,248 cases among blacks, 32 percent of the total. of these, 4,220 (80 percent of adults) are men, 1,028 (19 percent of adults) are women, and 195 are children.the major source of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection within the black community is the intravenous (iv) drug user. half of new york city's 200,000 iv drug users are estimated t ... | 1988 | 3249321 |
| tuberculosis in children and adolescents in the 1980s. | tuberculosis (tbc) continues to be a major health problem. between january 1, 1980, and april 30, 1986, 211 children and adolescents presented with a positive tuberculin reaction or symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. active disease occurred in 35 (17%); 29 of these had primary infection, whereas 4 adolescents presented with cavitary pulmonary disease and 1 infant each had pott's disease and cervical adenitis. the proportion of patients with active disease was greater in infants and toddlers; 2 ... | 1988 | 3260666 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemophilic children. | the following groups were compared: (1) children less than 18 years old who have hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with other children with aids and with adults who have hemophilia-associated aids and (2) asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic children with asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic adults. children with hemophilia-associated aids were older than other children with aids (medians 13 and 1 years, respectively) and less frequently had lymphocytic interstitial ... | 1988 | 3262856 |
| hiv infection and intravenous drug use: critical issues in transmission dynamics, infection outcomes, and prevention. | as the second largest group of persons to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the most likely to transmit hiv to heterosexual partners in the united states and europe, iv drug users will play an increasingly important role in the future of the aids epidemic. this paper reviews five emerging critical issues regarding hiv infection among iv drug users. in epidemiology, rates of drug injection and anonymous sharing of injection equipment appear related to rapid spread of ... | 1988 | 3281219 |
| serosurvey of human immunodeficiency virus infection in parturients. implications for human immunodeficiency virus testing programs of pregnant women. | although perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is well documented, seroprevalence rates of hiv in populations of women of reproductive age have not yet been reported. to determine the seroprevalence of hiv in childbearing women from a population with a high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cord blood samples were collected from 602 infants delivered at an inner-city municipal hospital in new york. demographic and hiv risk factor information was also col ... | 1987 | 3312662 |
| certain aspects of medical research and its support. | the origins of the national institutes of health (nih) are linked with european science. few americans had participated in the advances in bacteriology led by koch and pasteur when a laboratory from which the nih eventually developed was established in new york in 1887, but its first director patterned this laboratory after ones already established in germany, france, and england. the era of modern biomedical research in the united states began during world war ii with the cooperation of governm ... | 1987 | 3317743 |
| clinical and serologic studies of canine borreliosis. | during 1984 and 1985, blood samples were obtained from 271 dogs that were suspected of having borreliosis. the dogs lived in areas known to be infested with ticks and had been examined because of limb/joint disorders or for unknown illnesses marked by fever, anorexia, or fatigue. lameness had been the most frequently reported clinical manifestation. analyses of serum specimens, by an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) method or by an elisa, detected antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiol ... | 1987 | 3319989 |
| failure of voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus to identify infected parturient women in a high-risk population. | | 1988 | 3336408 |
| geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus markers in parenteral drug abusers. | drug abuse treatment programs in six regions of the united states collaborated in a study aimed at monitoring trends in the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. the wide disparities in hiv seroprevalence in the face of similarities in drug using behavior have important implications for prevention. in the new york city area (harlem, brooklyn), 61 per cent of samples (n = 280) obtained in late 1986 were positive, up from 50 per cent of samples (n = 585) in early 1985. i ... | 1988 | 3348473 |
| medical students' attitudes toward the physician's role in the nuclear age. | | 1988 | 3373504 |
| the medical care cost of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in harlem. | to estimate the cost of hospital care for children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 37) at harlem hospital center, new york, a cost-based inventory of medical resource consumption was developed. six thousand thirty-five inpatient days were audited by retrospective chart review. the total cost of care between 1981 and 1986 was +3,362,597. average lifetime costs were +90,347 per child. one third of the total inpatient days and over 20% of the cost resulted from social rather tha ... | 1988 | 3418851 |
| changes in the epidemiology of non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with epidemic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | the extent to which the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has changed the descriptive epidemiology of cancers other than kaposi's sarcoma is unknown. this study, based on cancer surveillance data (new york state cancer registry) and mortality statistics (new york city death certificates), examines changes in the epidemiology of another hiv-related malignancy, non-hodgkin's lymphoma. since the beginning of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), there hav ... | 1988 | 3421237 |
| low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals. | we studied 1309 dental professionals (1132 dentists, 131 hygienists, and 46 assistants) without behavioral risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to determine their occupational risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). subjects completed questionnaires on behavior; type, duration, and location of their dental practice; infection-control practices; and estimated numbers of potential occupational exposures to hiv. serum samples were tested for antibodies ... | 1988 | 3422106 |
| cohort comparison study of children whose mothers have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and children of well inner city mothers. | the virus or viruses (human immunodeficiency virus) associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be transmitted in utero or perinatally from an infected mother to her baby. infected adults may remain asymptomatic for months to years, during which time a mother could transmit the virus. it is not known to what degree a mother may transmit the virus perinatally or whether postnatal transmission is possible. we studied a cohort of children whose mothers had been reported to have acqui ... | 1987 | 3472157 |
| intravenous drug use and the heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. current trends in new york city. | | 1987 | 3473333 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infections among civilian applicants for united states military service, october 1985 to march 1986. demographic factors associated with seropositivity. | during the six months from october 1985 through march 1986, blood samples from 306,061 civilian applicants for military service from the united states were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hundred sixty subjects were positive for the antibody as determined by western (immune) blot reactivity. the mean prevalence of hiv infection in this population of teenagers and young adults was thus 1.50 per 1000. according to multivariate analysis, the following demographic ... | 1987 | 3474519 |
| antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking abortion in new york city. | | 1987 | 3477108 |
| effect of t4 count and cofactors on the incidence of aids in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we prospectively evaluated potential markers and cofactors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in 86 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. during three years of follow-up, 19 men developed aids. risk of aids was clearly predicted by the total number of circulating okt4-positive lymphocytes (t4 count) at enrollment, while the corresponding t8 count was unrelated to subsequent aids development. subjects in manhattan had a higher risk of kap ... | 1987 | 3491911 |
| neoplastic complications of htlv-iii infection. lymphomas and solid tumors. | neoplastic disease arose in 29 of 200 patients infected with human t lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) seen at a suburban hospital. seventeen patients had kaposi's sarcoma, one of whom also had colon carcinoma. nine patients had lymphoproliferative disorders (seven lymphomas, one t suppressor cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one multiple myeloma), including three with concomitant kaposi's sarcoma and one with colon cancer. one other patient had colon cancer, one had a seminoma, and on ... | 1987 | 3493690 |
| spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from connecticut, new york state, and north carolina. | ticks were screened for spirochetes and serum samples from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were assayed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi during 1983-1984. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibodies produced to b. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, spirochetes were detected in ixodes dammini (10.5% of 1,193) and dermacentor albipictus (0.6% of 157) adults from connecticut, i. dammini nymphs (49.1% of 108) and adults (64.7% of 99) from armonk, new yo ... | 1986 | 3520030 |
| viral and bacterial organisms associated with acute pharyngitis in a school-aged population. | to investigate the causes and clinical characteristics of acute pharyngitis among school-aged children (4 to 18 years), we obtained throat cultures for respiratory viruses, mycoplasma pneumoniae, group a streptococcus, and chlamydia trachomatis from 320 patients with sore throat and 308 controls without respiratory complaints. the study was conducted from january to april 1985 in a private pediatric practice in central new york state. sixty percent of the patients and 26% of the control subjects ... | 1986 | 3534196 |
| methylene chloride mortality study: dose-response characterization and animal model comparison. | to assess the potential chronic health effects of methylene chloride, the mortality experience of a maturing 1964 to 1970 cohort of 1,013 hourly men was evaluated through 1984. on average, employees were exposed at a rate of 26 ppm (eight-hour time-weighted average) for 22 years; median latency was 30 years. compared with the general population, no statistically significant excesses were observed for such hypothesized causes as lung cancer (14 observed v 21.0 expected), liver cancer (0 v 0.8), a ... | 1987 | 3559766 |
| prevention, an institutional perspective: hospital/medical centres--a summary. | | 1987 | 3582335 |
| immunizations among hospital personnel. | to minimize the likelihood of transmission of certain infectious diseases within the hospital, the 5 million us health care personnel are becoming a special target group for immunization programs. a review of immunizations conducted by a hospital employee health service demonstrated that 80% of hospital employees are adequately protected against tetanus/diphtheria, and 97% are immune to rubella. in contrast, only 28% of at-risk employees are immunized against hepatitis b and only 2% are immunize ... | 1987 | 3598735 |
| does the karyotype of a spontaneous abortion predict the karyotype of a subsequent abortion? evidence from 273 women with two karyotyped spontaneous abortions. | at least two spontaneous abortions were karyotyped in 273 women during cytogenetic surveys in new york city and honolulu. these pairs were analyzed using maximum-likelihood logistic-regression analysis to adjust for maternal age and location. there was a significantly increased risk for a chromosomally normal spontaneous abortion after a previous abortion with a normal karyotype. there was no increased risk for trisomy in a second spontaneous abortion following either a previous trisomic abortio ... | 1987 | 3631080 |
| gonorrhea and syphilis in incarcerated urban adolescents: prevalence and physical signs. | during a 1-year period from july 1983 to june 1984, 285 adolescent girls and 2,236 adolescent boys, ranging in age from 9 to 18 years (89% were 14 to 16 years of age), were screened for gonorrhea and syphilis on entry into a detention facility in new york city. the prevalence rate for gonorrhea was 3% for boys and 18.3% for girls, and the prevalence rate for syphilis was 0.63% for boys and 2.5% for girls. the rates of gonorrhea without penile or cervical discharge on physical examination were 2. ... | 1987 | 3658575 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a review of 14 patients. | the clinical findings in 13 drug abusers and one homosexual man with tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from new york city are described. tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of aids in nine of the 14 patients by a mean of 7 months and occurred within the same month in the remaining five. the presence of thrush, generalised lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy and chest radiographs showing hilar adenopathy and/or lower lobe infiltrates was common among the pa ... | 1986 | 3660457 |
| disease spectrum of yersinia enterocolitica serogroup 0:3, the predominant cause of human infection in new york city. | | 1987 | 3665514 |
| strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | severe infections with strongyloides stercoralis occur in immunocompromised patients. strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome complicated by gram-negative bacteremia and meningitis in a bisexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is described. increased awareness of this infection, which may also be sexually transmitted, is recommended when caring for patients with aids who are homosexual, or have resided in areas endemic for strongyloidiasis. multiple stool examinations shoul ... | 1987 | 3674100 |
| prevalence of hair follicle mites, demodex folliculorum and d. brevis (acari: demodicidae), in a selected human population in western new york, usa. | | 1986 | 3735343 |
| adolescent pregnancy: networking and the interdisciplinary approach. | the networking approach to providing needed services to pregnant and parenting teenagers has numerous merits. an historical overview of the formation of the brooklyn teen pregnancy network highlights service agency need for information and resource sharing, and improved client referral systems as key factors in the genesis of the network. the borough-wide approach and its spread as an agency model throughout new york city's other boroughs and several other northeastern cities is also attributed ... | 1986 | 3745501 |
| the antiabortion movement and baby jane doe. | in the early 1980s, the leadership of the antiabortion movement became involved in a campaign to establish legal rights to extraordinary medical care for seriously handicapped newborns. armed with political contacts in the reagan administration and congress, and allied with advocates for the disabled, the antiabortion movement searched for a test case to guide through the courts. antiabortion advocate lawrence washburn found such a case in baby jane doe, who was being treated at stony brook medi ... | 1986 | 3745839 |
| saving lives and protecting liberty: a comparative study of the seat-belt debate. | by the beginning of 1986 all but three states had taken some action on a mandatory seat-belt bill. the seat-belt debate is one manifestation of the concern over the relationship between lifestyle and disease, and has raised some of the most fundamental questions of politics and political philosophy: individual versus public responsibility in health promotion, and freedom versus compulsion. this article examines the debate from both a domestic (new york, illinois, oregon) and cross-national (grea ... | 1986 | 3745844 |
| influenza vaccine and pneumonia mortality in a nursing home population. | the effectiveness of immunization against influenza in elderly persons is uncertain. a retrospective cohort study in a new york city nursing home examined the occurrence of pneumonia and its related mortality over three consecutive influenza seasons (nov 1 through april 30, 1979 to 1980, 1980 to 1981, and 1981 to 1982). nearly one half of approximately 450 residents (mean age, 84 years) accepted immunization each year. the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were similar. the attack rate of pneum ... | 1986 | 3778069 |
| aids, social sciences, and health education: a personal perspective. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic has raised numerous ethical issues. above all, it has served to highlight the fact that individual liberty always exists in a precarious balance with public interest. the invasion of privacy, loss of confidentiality, and coercive approaches proposed for testing and disclosure of infected individuals threaten to turn this into and underground epidemic. health education is the only feasible strategy for containing the aids epidemic at this ... | 1986 | 3781856 |
| when people die. cause of death versus time of death. | a sample of 4,920 disease-related deaths from new york city for 1979 (8.7 percent of all relevant data from new york city's files) showed a 60 percent rise in death rate beginning at 2 a.m. and reaching a peak at 8 a.m. a smaller peak was also noted at 6 p.m. the rise in human mortality beginning at 2 a.m. and peaking at 8 a.m. might be explained by: artifact of deaths occurring anytime during the night that are discovered after daybreak, effect of less efficient health care between 2 a.m. and 8 ... | 1987 | 3812519 |
| chromosomal polymorphisms of 1, 9, 16, and y in 4 major ethnic groups: a large prenatal study. | using trypsin giemsa banding (gtg), major polymorphisms of the constitutive heterochromatin regions of chromosome 1, 9, 16, and y were recorded in a new york city population. polymorphisms were recorded from amniotic fluid specimens received from 6,250 patients from 4 major population groups, ie, white (european)-2,334 cases, american black-1,795 cases, hispanic descent-1,737 cases, and asian (oriental and indian)-384 cases. the major chromosomal polymorphisms were classified as follows: obvious ... | 1987 | 3812584 |
| leads from the mmwr. human immunodeficiency virus infection in transfusion recipients and their family members. | | 1987 | 3820500 |
| sex-education needs and interests of high school students in a rural new york county. | seventy-five boys and 88 girls from three high schools in a rural county of new york state took a sex-education quiz and were asked to describe their sexual and contraceptive experiences and sex-education interests. consistent with most previous research, nonvirgin teenagers who earned better grades on the sex-education quiz failed to use more effective contraceptives than nonvirgins who had performed poorly on the quiz. there was a striking similarity among students' descriptions of sex-educati ... | 1985 | 3841258 |
| human leukocyte antigen associations in basal cell carcinoma. | basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and is one in which both host and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. for an investigation of the role of human leukocyte antigen (hla)-associated variations in genetic susceptibility, thirty-one patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas were typed for hla-a, b, c, and dr antigens. patients were compared with both local and appropriate ethnic group controls. no statistically significant association w ... | 1985 | 3874217 |
| human biology and epidemiology of childhood bone cancers: a review. | | 1985 | 3886519 |
| [albert müller-deham--an unjustly forgotten austrian pioneer in geriatrics]. | albert mueller-deham played a role of great importance in the history of american and general geriatrics. he was born in 1881 in vienna where he studied medicine. after graduation he was an intern, and later assistant professor at the first university department of medicine in vienna. among his teachers were such famous names as von nothnagel, von noorden und wenckebach. in 1925 he was appointed chief of the medical department in the large, renowned "versorgungsheim lainz" in vienna and became d ... | 1985 | 3887766 |
| hideyo noguchi's luetin experiment and the antivivisectionists. | | 1985 | 3888912 |
| the multihandicapped child with congenital rubella: impact on family and community. | in 1967, a hospital-based education program was created to provide services to multihandicapped children with congenital rubella syndrome (crs). since then 214 children have been enrolled, including 126 (59%) with laboratory-documented congenital rubella infection. an assessment of the ongoing training and life needs of those children with crs enrolled in the program and the concomitant impact on families and community facilities has documented the general failure of the children to progress tow ... | 1985 | 3890103 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: burril b. crohn. a legend in his time and the greatest pr resource at mount sinai hospital]. | | 1985 | 3892199 |
| sources and fate of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and related compounds in human environments. | several of the major incidents resulting in potential human exposures to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (pcdds) and/or polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and related compounds which have occurred in the u.s. in recent periods have resulted from improper disposal of hazardous chemical wastes. prominent examples of such environmental contamination episodes are the love canal, into which ton quantities of chlorinated organic compounds containing substantial conc ... | 1985 | 3921357 |