| lead poisoning: i. some clinical and toxicological observations on the effects of occupational lead exposure among firearms instructors. | lead poisoning continues to be a common occupational disease in many countries. during the past two decades, poisoning presenting with overt clinical symptoms has become less frequent because of improvement in control of exposure, and attention has been focused on subtle biochemical and "subclinical" manifestations of lead toxicity. firearms instructors constitute an occupational group at risk for excessive exposure to lead from the firing of arms in shooting galleries. this paper summarizes cli ... | 1992 | 1428811 |
| mortality trends in a cohort of homosexual men in new york city, 1978-1988. | trends in mortality related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and to other causes were examined from 1978 to 1988 in a cohort of 8,906 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis b virus infection in the late 1970s in new york city. hiv-related mortality rates increased from 1 per 10,000 person-years in 1980 to 181 per 10,000 person-years in 1986, followed by a plateau from 1986 to 1988. the standardized mortality ratio among white men in the cohort was 3.7 ... | 1992 | 1442731 |
| heavy metal and selenium levels in young cattle egrets from nesting colonies in the northeastern united states, puerto rico, and egypt. | colonially-nesting species of herons and egrets breed mainly in coastal areas, along rivers or near other large bodies of water. such areas are also preferred for human development, exposing nesting birds to various pollutants. from 1989-1991, the concentrations of heavy metals and selenium were studied in the feathers of fledgling cattle egrets bubulcus ibis, a terrestrially-feeding insectivore, from new york and delaware in the northeastern united states, from puerto rico, and from egypt. ther ... | 1992 | 1444587 |
| influenza a outbreaks in nursing homes. | | 1992 | 1447451 |
| human babesiosis in new york state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases. | epidemiological data on 136 cases of human babesiosis reported from laboratories and clinicians in the state of new york from 1982 to 1991 were reviewed. all but two patients, who had traveled to nantucket island in massachusetts, acquired disease in suffolk county, long island. the highest average age-group-specific annual incidence rates occurred among men > or = 80 years of age (7.72 per 100,000) and among women 70-79 years of age (3.61 per 100,000). seven patients (5%) had previously undergo ... | 1992 | 1457632 |
| women's perceptions about the way social roles promote or constrain personal nutrition care. | research suggests that roles may affect women's health promoting behavior. this study was designed to discover, understand and develop hypotheses about the ways in which women's social roles influence their attitudes and beliefs about personal nutrition care. in-depth interviews were conducted with 36 married mothers, both employed and homemakers, at three different life stages. interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. these data suggest that social ... | 1992 | 1475997 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1991. | in 1991, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control. ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeas ... | 1992 | 1483899 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis in an urban population including patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. | in the past 5 yr, an increased incidence of tuberculosis has been noted in the united states. simultaneously, the population infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type i (hiv-i) and the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have increased. selected areas of the united states have also reported increases in the frequency of drug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. because our institution serves a population in which tuberculosis, aids, and drug resistant ... | 1992 | 1489113 |
| condom use among male injecting-drug users--new york city, 1987-1990. | heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to increase, especially among injecting-drug users (idus) and their sex partners. during 1991, 22% of women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states reported having had sex with a male idu; this risk behavior was second to injecting-drug use (48%) as a transmission category for women. to better understand how to reduce heterosexual transmission of hiv, a study on condom use among male idus on the ... | 1992 | 1501604 |
| relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,126 cases in new york city in 1987. | there is marked debate about whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, vary as a function of hospital and physician experience with a disease. this issue is especially important with respect to aids because greater than 200,000 individuals have now been diagnosed with this disease. we analyzed discharge data for 3,126 persons with aids who had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who were treated at one of 73 new york city hospitals in 1987. in-hospital mortality was 25%. factors associate ... | 1992 | 1512684 |
| [the influence of some ophthalmologists of german origin on the development of american ophthalmology]. | german-speaking immigrants came to america at the end of the seventeenth century from central europe, in the 19th century predominantly from germany, in the 20th century from the austro-hungarian monarchy. herrmann knapp (1839-1911), 1859 member of eye department in heidelberg, 1867 immigration, 1879 foundation of american archives of ophthalmology, continued to be editor together with his son arnold until 1948. julius homberger (1839-1872), born in frankfurt, 1861 immigration, foundation of ame ... | 1992 | 1513123 |
| health care workers, tuberculosis, and the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. | | 1992 | 1514102 |
| independent studies program in the basic sciences. a curricular innovation. | the independent studies program was initiated at the new york college of podiatric medicine during the early months of 1987, and it has achieved continued success and acceptance from the administration, faculty, and students. the program emphasizes competence as the constant within a relatively time-independent framework. this paper presents, in a longitudinal fashion, the independent studies program as a program model that combines criterion-referencing concepts, mastery-based learning combinat ... | 1992 | 1517985 |
| discrimination charges require quick response. | | 1992 | 1531253 |
| prevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus in civilian applicants for the united states armed forces. | the wide range in human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) seroprevalences reported worldwide has made estimates of seroprevalence difficult in unique populations. in this study, the seropositivity of young adult civilian applicants for the us armed forces was determined. | 1992 | 1536338 |
| from the centers for disease control. outbreak of influenza a in a nursing home--new york, december 1991-january 1992. | | 1992 | 1538527 |
| trends in survival for children reported with maternally transmitted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in new york city, 1982 to 1989. | to better understand the natural history of severe pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection, reported cases of perinatally acquired pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in new york city were examined for differences in survival and age at diagnosis before and after implementation of an expanded case definition in 1987. one hundred ninety-six children reported through august, 1987, and 333 children reported between september, 1987, and february, 1990, and diagnosed through ... | 1992 | 1549406 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in critically ill neonates in the south bronx. | cord blood was anonymously screened to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) at the bronx lebanon hospital center, located in the south bronx. we speculated that factors leading to admission to the nicu such as low birth weight, prematurity and being small for gestational age would also be associated with an increased prevalence of hiv seropositivity. during the study period the prevalence of ... | 1992 | 1549407 |
| dna analysis of borrelia burgdorferi nch-1, the first northcentral u.s. human lyme disease isolate. | the dna of the first northcentral united states human lyme disease isolate, borrellia burgdorferi nch-1, was characterized and compared with the dnas of nine other b. burgdorferi isolates. strain nch-1 was isolated in august 1989 from a human skin biopsy specimen. dna was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. contour-clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed cells was performed to compare the plasmid profile ... | 1992 | 1551988 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infections in a new york city alcoholic population. | alcoholics have previously been reported to have an increased susceptibility to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. since human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted in a similar fashion, we studied 143 consecutive in- and outpatient alcoholics residing in new york city for hiv and hbv prevalence and associated risk factors. of these alcoholics, 19 (13%) individuals were hiv positive, 57 (40%) were hepatitis b seropositive. intravenous drug use and sexual contact with an iv drug user were t ... | 1992 | 1556861 |
| successful implementation of a long-term care unit for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an underserved suburban area with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus. | long island (ny) has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection of any suburban area in the united states. until 1988, however, no patient with the acquired immunodeficiency virus had been admitted to any one of the 61 long island nursing home facilities. | 1992 | 1558441 |
| george draper and american constitutional medicine, 1916-1946: reinventing the sick man. | | 1992 | 1559029 |
| thrombocytopenia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: long-term follow-up and therapeutic considerations. | among 180 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), 14 (8%) developed thrombocytopenia during the course of the disease and have been followed for an average period of 18.8 months. eight of 14 patients had clinical signs of bleeding. increased levels of anti-platelet igg antibodies were detected in 86% of patients tested and did not correlate with severity of disease. eight patients were treated initially with intravenous immunoglobulins (ivig) and responded with a transient i ... | 1992 | 1560341 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-1 seroprevalence among parturients in los angeles county public hospitals. | to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) among parturients in an area with a high cumulative incidence of aids, an hiv seroprevalence study was conducted in 1988 in los angeles county. test results were available from 8485 (86.1%) of the 9860 women delivering at four public hospitals. the test results were linked to demographic and medical information available from routinely collected delivery records. three specimens were hiv-positive, for a seroprevalence of 3 ... | 1992 | 1565344 |
| evaluation of the rigor and appropriateness of clia '88 toxicology proficiency testing standards. | the proposed rule for the clinical laboratory improvement amendments of 1988 (clia '88) describes uniform standards for the design of proficiency testing (pt) challenges and for the evaluation of laboratory performance. successful performance on pt is a condition for laboratory certification by the federal department of health and human services. we conducted a retrospective evaluation of pt data collected from laboratories participating in the new york state therapeutic substance monitoring/qua ... | 1992 | 1568313 |
| monitoring human exposure to lead: an assessment of current laboratory performance for the determination of blood lead. | the performance of a small group (9-13) of experienced reference laboratories performing the determination of lead in blood is assessed by means of repeated analyses of lyophilized animal blood. both interlaboratory precision and intralaboratory precision are reported for the reference laboratory group. results indicate that at the new blood lead action level of 10 micrograms/100 ml, this group can achieve results that are accurate to within +/- 2 micrograms/100 ml. the capability of routine cli ... | 1992 | 1568437 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1990. | in 1990, the united states and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the centers for disease control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. for the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. particularly large in ... | 1992 | 1577642 |
| changes in aids incidence trends in the united states. | estimating the current prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and projecting the future incidence of aids require that trends in incidence be analyzed and interpreted. we analyzed aids incidence trends in the united states by exposure category and selected demographic factors. in 1987, the trend in united states aids incidence changed as growth in the number of cases diagnosed per quarter began to decline. the slowing in growth is due in large part to a plateau in quarterly incidence i ... | 1992 | 1588489 |
| epidemiologic evidence for the role of indoor tobacco smoke as an initiator of human breast carcinogenesis. | earlier research suggested an appreciable latent period between the time of exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and the detection of breast cancer. a close relationship was found in the u.s. between state breast cancer mortality from 1978 through 1981 and state cigarette sales from 1950 through 1954 (r = 0.64, p less than 0.001). the correlation declined for sales in subsequent years but remained highly significant until 1970, but not thereafter. thus, it appears that the role of indoor tobacco smo ... | 1992 | 1600521 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in adults with aids and at risk for aids. | our objective was to determine the number of cases of haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in patients with and at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from january 1983 to june 1991 at a municipal hospital in bronx, new york. | 1992 | 1605138 |
| high risk of active tuberculosis in hiv-infected drug users with cutaneous anergy. | to determine the incidence of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive and hiv-seronegative drug injectors with cutaneous anergy and to examine the effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in preventing tuberculosis among drug injectors with positive tuberculin test results. | 1992 | 1619742 |
| an hiv-infected pharmacist. | | 1992 | 1626592 |
| medically indigent women seeking abortion prior to legalization: new york city, 1969-1970. | if the efforts now underway to limit access to abortion services in the united states are successful, their greatest impact will be on women who lack the funds to obtain abortions elsewhere. there is little published information, however, about the experience of medically indigent women who sought abortions under the old, restrictive state laws. this article details the psychiatric evaluation of 199 women requesting a therapeutic abortion at a large municipal hospital in new york city under a re ... | 1992 | 1628716 |
| tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a problem-solving approach. | | 1992 | 1636937 |
| factors associated with urban gay men's treatment initiation decisions for hiv infection. | while a public health emphasis on primary prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues, it is recognized that large numbers of individuals are already infected. efforts at secondary prevention focus on early medical intervention and may be effective in slowing progression to a diagnosis of aids. understanding the factors that promote or impede seropositive individuals from receiving prompt medical treatment and complying with treatment regimens is essential to prolonging ... | 1992 | 1642958 |
| cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection in suburban adolescents and young adults. | to investigate the prevalence rates of and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in white, middle-class adolescents, we obtained specimens for hpv from 107 patients undergoing pelvic examination at a suburban adolescent health service. specimens were obtained by means of cervicovaginal lavage and were analyzed for hpv dna by southern blot analysis. the subjects' mean age was 18.5 (+/- 2.0 sd) years; 47% of the subjects were seen for contraception, 36% for possible pregnan ... | 1991 | 1658285 |
| noninfluenza respiratory virus infection in long-term care facilities. | | 1991 | 1664843 |
| rotavirus specific breast milk antibody in two populations and possible correlates of protection. | since rotavirus infection is common in caracas, venezuela and seasonal in rochester, new york usa, researchers analyzed at least 65 and 58 breast milk samples form women in caracas and rochester respectively to identify rotavirus specific antibodies. the mothers had earlier participated in rhesus rotavirus serotype 3 (rrv) vaccine trials. the plaque reduction neutralization assay revealed that 84.6% of breast milk samples from venezuela had detectable antibody to rrv compared to only 50% in th ... | 1991 | 1667067 |
| quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the medical outcomes study instrument. | to assess the reliability and validity of the medical outcomes study (mos) short form health survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1727616 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1991-92 season. | from october 23, 1991, through january 18, 1992, 46 state health departments reported regional or widespread influenza activity for 1 or more weeks. for the week ending january 4, 34 states reported regional or widespread activity, the most during any single week this season. from late october through mid-december, influenza outbreaks reported from 11 states involved primarily school children. reports of outbreaks among adults began in mid-november and continued through january and involved pers ... | 1992 | 1731184 |
| hiv-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women testing positive on serologic screening for syphilis. | epidemic increases in active syphilis have been reported in the geographic areas hit hard by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. although both epidemics have been associated with illicit substance abuse, the extent to which recent increases in syphilis are linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) epidemic is uncertain. in order to define the frequency of syphilis and hiv-1 coinfection in the pregnant patients seen at city hospital center at elmhurst, we saved syphilis-positive serologi ... | 1992 | 1734241 |
| estimating infant mortality from human immunodeficiency virus and other causes in breast-feeding and bottle-feeding populations. | this paper discusses the literature dealing with breast-feeding in women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this review is used to develop a background for a quantitative assessment of factors determining whether breast-feeding or bottle-feeding will result in a lower overall mortality in areas of different hiv prevalence. an algebraic formula is presented that enables calculation of the mortality that would result in any population if the following variables are known or capable ... | 1992 | 1734398 |
| medical care costs of intravenous drug users with aids in brooklyn. | this article reports on a study of medical costs of intravenous drug users (ivdus) with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in brooklyn, ny, u.s.a. sociodemographic and clinical data as well as information on medical resource use was gathered for 38 ivdus with aids, all of whom belonged to minority racial/ethnic groups and were covered by medicaid insurance. data obtained through patient interviews and review of medical records indicated that the sample had mean annual medical charges of ... | 1992 | 1738078 |
| outbreak of influenza a in a nursing home--new york, december 1991-january 1992. | during december 1991 and january 1992, an outbreak of influenza a occurred among residents of a nursing home in new york. from mid-october through mid-november 1991, influenza vaccine was administered to 295 (88%) of the 337 residents of the nursing home. the residents shared common dining and recreational areas; the mean age of residents was 83 years (range: 51-103 years); 256 (76%) were female. the prevalence of underlying illness in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was not determined. | 1992 | 1738358 |
| childbearing and contraceptive-use plans among women at high risk for hiv infection--selected u.s. sites, 1989-1991. | from september 1990 through august 1991, 2655 (49%) of the 5457 women reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states had been injecting-drug users (idus), and 1136 (21%) had had sexual intercourse with men who were idus (1). during the same period, 413 (56%) of the 735 children (aged less than 13 years) reported with aids were born to mothers who were either idus (38%) or sex partners of idus (18%) (1). even though messages and services regarding prevention of human ... | 1992 | 1738361 |
| recommendations for influenza vaccination: from clinical piety to clinical practice. | | 1991 | 1745447 |
| achievable influenza immunization rates in the elderly. | we sought to determine achievable rates of influenza immunization in a large internal medicine practice in which free vaccination was vigorously promoted. a list of 1,230 patients over 65 years of age constituted the target population. seven hundred ninety patients (64%) were immunized in the office from september to december 1989. in early 1990, questionnaires were sent to 67 patients who had refused vaccination and to an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls who had either accepted the ... | 1991 | 1745449 |
| c. r. henderson: farm boy, athlete, and scientist. | charles r. henderson was proud to be a product of a farm in page county, iowa. he was a one man track team in coin, iowa, and a brilliant student. he became a world class competitor in track at iowa state college and, at the same time, compiled a top academic record. his early experiences set the stage for the exceptional contributions of his animal breeding career, which did not begin until he was nearly 40 yr of age, but which spanned 40 yr when he was the acknowledged leader in development of ... | 1991 | 1757645 |
| [family planning in new york]. | the nurse margaret sanger started the 1st american contraception consultation in 1916 in bronxville, n.y. today the planned parenthood federation of america has 800 clinics in all states. a clinic in white plains, n.y., had 31,297 visits a year mostly from low-income people. services consist of contraceptive and abortion counseling, abortion and infertility procedures, cancer tests with colposcopy and breast examination, and tests concerning sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficie ... | 1991 | 1765559 |
| hiv infection among members of the army reserve components residing in new york city. | a total of 10,722 members of the us army reserve and army national guard residing within the five boroughs of new york city (nyc) were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the crude prevalence in nyc was found to be 10.6 per 1,000, compared with a national prevalence of 1.6 per 1,000. the highest prevalences were found among blacks and hispanics, males, and among those aged 30-39 years. patterns of infection were found to be similar to those found among heterosexual and dru ... | 1991 | 1771042 |
| perspective on the development of vaccines against lyme disease. | lyme disease, the multisystem illness caused by the tick-borne spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi, has emerged as a threat to public health worldwide. it is a particularly vexing problem in the united states where it is growing in range and intensity. in fact, in some hyperendemic regions of new york and new england, lyme disease is now such a threat that it interferes with all sorts of outdoor activities, and has even led to depreciation of real estate values. family dogs in these areas seem to ... | 1991 | 1771965 |
| booth memorial awarded funds to cover dental costs for aids patients. | | 1991 | 1783716 |
| hiv seroprevalence and risk behaviors in psychiatric inpatients. | the seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 515 patients consecutively admitted to a state psychiatric hospital in new york city was 8.9%. there were 365 patients whose results were individually traceable; the remaining 150 patients were tested anonymously. risk factors including parenteral drug abuse, male homosexual behaviors, and other sexual behaviors were studied in the traceable patients. logistic regressions indicated that parenteral drug abuse was the main risk factor ... | 1991 | 1798815 |
| patients with aids pose legal challenge. | | 1991 | 1835526 |
| human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome nephropathy in the inner city. | | 1991 | 1857574 |
| eastern equine encephalitis--florida, eastern united states, 1991. | the florida department of health and rehabilitative services (hrs) has confirmed five human cases of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) in elderly residents of bradford, duval, and washington counties in northern florida. dates of illness onset were in mid-june and early july. one patient partially recovered and has residual neurologic deficits, two patients remain comatose, and two patients died.(abstract truncated at 250 words) | 1991 | 1861668 |
| population characteristics of tuberculosis in an hiv/aids registry from an east harlem hospital. | the recent increase of tuberculosis nationally and in new york city has been attributed in part to the progression of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)/human immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv) epidemic. the east harlem/south bronx/bushwick sections of new york city have an especially high incidence of tuberculosis. an hiv/aids registry (1986-1990) consisting of 1,312 patients from a community hospital serving east harlem was examined for population characteristics associated with docume ... | 1991 | 1861805 |
| tuberculosis in children 10 years of age and younger: three decades of experience during the chemotherapeutic era. | the 863 patients, aged 10 years and younger, treated at the children's chest clinic of bellevue hospital during three decades (1953 through 1981) clearly indicated the success of antituberculosis therapy. there were no deaths from tuberculosis. early treatment is associated with a reduction in the serious forms of disease, eg, meningitis, miliary disease, and bone infections, and with preventing death. medication was well tolerated: only 1.1% of the patients had adverse reactions, all of which w ... | 1991 | 1861920 |
| the geographic spread and temporal increase of the lyme disease epidemic. | to describe the temporal and geographic progression of the lyme disease epidemic in new york state from 1977 through 1989. | 1991 | 1870248 |
| reducing hiv sexual risk behaviors among runaway adolescents. | reductions in runaways' sexual risk behaviors were evaluated in response to an intensive program to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1991 | 1870249 |
| psychosocial influences on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-risk behaviors among high school students. | a survey measuring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related behaviors and selected psychosocial factors was administered to 1091 tenth grade students residing in or near an aids epicenter. the purpose of the survey was to identify salient risk factors that could be targeted in aids prevention programs. by 15 years of age, one quarter of students reported engaging in behaviors that placed them at higher risk for acquiring infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and 3% of students re ... | 1991 | 1896297 |
| demographic characteristics, drug use, and sexual behavior of i.v. drug user with aids in bronx, new york. | intravenous (i.v.) drug users are a key factor in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, yet epidemiologic information about this population, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is scarce. the demographic characteristics, drug use behavior, and sexual practices of i.v. drug users who developed aids were prospectively studied at the montefiore medical center from october 1984 to february 1988. the early wave of i.v. drug users with aids was charact ... | 1991 | 1899944 |
| incidence of numerical chromosome anomalies in human pregnancy estimation from induced and spontaneous abortion data. | induced abortion data provided an estimate of 4.7% numerical chromosome anomalies for women with a clinically recognized pregnancy at the end of the 7th week after the last menstrual period (lmp). this frequency requires that 51.9% of spontaneous abortions occurring after the 7th week should be chromosomally abnormal if the frequency of numerical chromosome anomalies at term (live and stillbirths combined) is 0.53%. cytogenetic data from surveys of spontaneous abortion suggested a lower incidenc ... | 1991 | 1918307 |
| clinical significance of neutropenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to determine the incidence of infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during periods of neutropenia and non-neutropenia. to compare the infection rates in patients with hiv disease to those in a group hospitalized with neutropenia and hematologic malignancy. | 1991 | 1918889 |
| the animal preference test and its relationship to behavioral problems in young children. | we compared performance on the animal preference test; (apt; van krevelen, 1955) with parental assessment of children's behavioral problems as measured by the achenbach child behavior checklist (cbcl; achenbach & edelbrock, 1986). forty black and hispanic 6- to 12-year-old boys were asked to name the three animals they would most like to be and the three animals they would least like to be if they could not be a human being. reasons for animal choice were categorized into one of four theme categ ... | 1991 | 1920027 |
| from quality assurance to quality management in long term care. | this article describes the continuing evolution of the quality assurance program at crown nursing home, a privately owned, skilled long-term care facility in brooklyn, new york, into quality management. activities are intended to improve the systems and processes of resident care, develop and implement practice guidelines, integrate suppliers and vendors into the facility processes, use information systems for indicator monitoring, encourage residents and family participation, provide care throu ... | 1991 | 1923453 |
| incidence of intestinal parasitic disease in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome day-care center. | in june, 1986, the bronx municipal hospital center opened an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome day-care center to provide a quality educational experience for children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. a major concern was the possibility of increasing secondary infections among these immunocompromised children by placing them in a group environment. one particular worry was intestinal parasitic disease, a serious public health problem in day-care centers throughout the united stat ... | 1991 | 1923677 |
| human papillomavirus, gonorrhea, syphilis, and cervical dysplasia in jailed women. | we assessed the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) by cervicovaginal lavage and southern blot and inquired about behavioral risk factors for cervical disease and sexually transmitted diseases by interview in 114 female detainees at a large new york city jail. of the women screened, 8% had abnormal pap smears, 35% had hpv, 7% had gonorrhea, and 22% had serologic syphilis. given the high rates of hpv infection and cervical cytology, pap smears should be a routine intake procedure for incarce ... | 1991 | 1928533 |
| resurgent tuberculosis in new york city. human immunodeficiency virus, homelessness, and the decline of tuberculosis control programs. | the resurgence of tuberculosis in new york city has been largely attributed to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. however, historical events predating the advent of aids and worsening economic and social conditions, including a rise in homelessness, have contributed significantly to the increase. we prospectively studied 224 consecutive patients with tuberculosis admitted to a large public hospital in new york over the first 9 months of 1988. initial assessment included med ... | 1991 | 1928942 |
| effect of psychological factors on risk behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among intravenous drug users (ivdus). | the effect of psychological factors on drug and sexual behaviors in relation to hiv infection was investigated among 262 ivdus in methadone clinics in new york city. among female ivdus, the hiv positive subjects reported larger numbers of sex partners than those subjects who were hiv negative, and those who had larger numbers of sex partners were more likely to be depressed. the ivdus who had larger numbers of needle-sharing partners at shooting galleries were more likely to be hiv positive. int ... | 1991 | 1938003 |
| the geographic and ethnic diversity of aids incidence trends in homosexual/bisexual men in the united states. | we examined geographic and racial/ethnic variation in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) incidence in homosexual and bisexual men (i.e., men who report sex with men: mswm) not using i.v. drugs in the united states. the aids incidence in these men has continued to increase in the united states. incidence increased much less rapidly after 1986 in the three metropolitan statistical areas (msas) with the most cases, new york city, los angeles, and san francisco, and may have reached a platea ... | 1991 | 1941525 |
| physicians' attitudes toward the autopsy of patients with aids. | in spite of the value of autopsy in modern medicine, autopsy rates continue to decline. this decline has been especially pronounced for patients who die of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this paper, we assess the attitudes of house officers toward the autopsy in aids patients. the survey encompassed 112 internal medicine housestaff (imhs) and 37 pathology housestaff (phs) at two new york city university hospitals that care for large numbers of aids patients. a self-administered qu ... | 1991 | 1945149 |
| characteristics of hiv-infected adults in acute care hospitals in new york state, 1984-1986. | the new york state acute care, hospital discharge database was used to create a longitudinal case history file for all adult inpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). from 1984 through 1986, 12,958 individuals with hiv-related diseases were treated in acute care hospitals throughout the state. approximately 80% of those people resided in new york city, and nearly half of them were between ages 30 and 39 years. over the three-year period, the proportion of females increased ... | 1991 | 1945150 |
| sampling strategies for toxic air contaminants. | annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual ... | 1991 | 1947350 |
| history, ethics, and politics in aids prevention research. | | 1991 | 1951792 |
| the new york needle trial: the politics of public health in the age of aids. | during the past 5 years, the exchange of sterile needles and syringes for dirty injecting equipment has gained increasing acceptance outside the united states as a potential means of reducing the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among intravenous drug users. this article describes the controversy over attempts to establish a needle and syringe exchange scheme in new york city between 1985 and 1991. the response to a health crisis is used as an indicator of patterns of socia ... | 1991 | 1951815 |
| disseminated tuberculosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome era. | to assess the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-induced immunodeficiency on the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of disseminated tuberculosis (tb), we studied 79 patients presenting in 1984 through 1987 with miliary or focal disseminated disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as 4 additional non-hiv patients diagnosed after 1987. clinically defined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc) was present in 51 (group 1). ... | 1991 | 1952449 |
| medical school, psychosocial attitudes, and gender. | a scale measuring empathy and a scale measuring attitudes toward social issues and human relations in health care were administered to medical students when they were applicants to medical school and again midway through their third year. students in their third year exhibited less positive and/or more negative attitudes compared to their scores as applicants. the changes were largest in areas relating to social issues, such as government involvement in health care, and least in areas relating t ... | 1991 | 1955644 |
| aids update. condom availability in new york city schools. | despite strong protests from a minority group of critics, the new york city board of education adopted a measure february 27, 1991, approving universal availability of condoms in city high schools to students without the need for parental consent. this expanded hiv education program allows the system's 261,000 students in 120 public high schools to procure condoms from any of 17 clinics and any teacher or staff member volunteering for the program. while a few, small u.s. school districts have im ... | 1991 | 1956177 |
| a prospective study of infants of human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative women with a history of intravenous drug use or of intravenous drug-using sex partners, in the bronx, new york city. | a prospective study was conducted in the bronx, new york, of 70 infants of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (n = 33) and uninfected (n = 37) mothers who had a history of intravenous drug use or of intravenous drug-using sex partners. infants were observed from birth to a median age of 23 months (range 3 to 54 months). hiv infection was confirmed in seven infants (21%) of seropositive mothers; six developed hiv disease, with symptoms observed in the first year. of these, three died (3, ... | 1991 | 1956745 |
| update: influenza activity and vaccine availability--united states, 1991-92. | during the 1991-92 influenza season, widespread influenza-like illness (ili) activity* was first reported in louisiana for the week ending november 9, 1991, and in mississippi the week ending november 16. through november 30, six additional states (alaska, missouri, new york, north carolina, tennessee, and texas) reported widespread activity; 13 (alabama, arkansas, california, florida, georgia, indiana, kansas, kentucky, minnesota, nebraska, new jersey, ohio, and pennsylvania) reported regional ... | 1991 | 1961177 |
| judicial electrocution and the prison doctor. | | 1990 | 1969071 |
| human t lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection in a cohort of new york intravenous drug users: an old infection? | to identify risk factors for human t lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection in intravenous drug users (ivdus), participants in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a new york methadone maintenance program were studied. of 270 participants tested for htlv-i/ii, 21 (8%) were seropositive. of those, 15 (71%) had htlv-ii-specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and 1 (5%) had both htlv-i- and -ii-specific sequences; 3 persons with indeterminate ... | 1991 | 1988509 |
| an evaluation of the use of the statewide planning and research cooperative system of new york state as a resource planning tool for hiv infection. | hospital discharge records of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in new york state were studied to determine whether cases of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were identified. we estimate that as many as 13 percent of hospitalizations of patients with pcp in 1987 and 10 percent of those in 1988 were not appropriately identified as hiv related. identification of pcp as hiv related was a function of a hospital's volume of pcp admissions. | 1991 | 1990864 |
| origins of the human genome project. | the human genome project has become a reality. building on a debate that dates back to 1985, several genome projects are now in full stride around the world, and more are likely to form in the next several years. italy began its genome program in 1987, and the united kingdom and u.s.s.r. in 1988. the european communities mounted several genome projects on yeast, bacteria, drosophila, and arabidospis thaliana (a rapidly growing plant with a small genome) in 1988, and in 1990 commenced a new 2-yea ... | 1991 | 1991595 |
| htlv-i-associated myelopathy associated with blood transfusion in the united states: epidemiologic and molecular evidence linking donor and recipient. | six months after receiving 58 units of blood components, a 65-year-old white man from new york city, with no other risk factors for human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection, developed htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). investigation of blood donors identified a 25-year-old white hispanic woman from florida whose platelets had been given to the patient and who was seropositive for the virus on a serum specimen obtained 2 years after the donation. she ... | 1991 | 1992361 |
| accommodating to restrictions on residents' working hours. | in 1988, new york became the first state to implement regulatory measures limiting housestaff work hours. because restrictions on residents' work hours will have such profound and far-reaching implications for how obstetrics and gynecology residencies are conducted, the council on resident education in obstetrics and gynecology (creog) requested that a survey be conducted to solicit information from program directors of u.s. obstetrics and gynecology residencies who had already begun to alter th ... | 1991 | 1993111 |
| what constitutes a medical malpractice claim. | | 1991 | 1997918 |
| prevalence of hiv infection in childbearing women in the united states. surveillance using newborn blood samples. | a national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women giving birth to infants in the united states. following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for newborn metabolic screening were tested anonymously in state public health laboratories for maternal antibody to hiv. as of september 1990, annual survey data were available from 38 states and the district of columbia ... | 1991 | 2002571 |
| a method for estimating hiv transmission rates among female sex partners of male intravenous drug users. | there are few data available on the dynamics of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission among women whose only risk factor is sexual contact with intravenous drug-using males. unlike models which rely on unconfirmed estimates regarding sexual partner selectivity and contact rates between infected and uninfected populations, data from a survey conducted between november 1988 and february 1989 of 1,842 women in new york city provide empirical values for these variables which t ... | 1991 | 2006646 |
| national aids incidence trends and the extent of zidovudine therapy in selected demographic and transmission groups. | after mid-1987 fewer than the expected number of cases of aids were reported in the united states in some demographic and transmission groups but not in others. gay men (regardless of intravenous drug use), adults with hemophilia, and transfusion recipients exhibited fewer cases than expected based on previously reliable models. these favorable trends could not be explained by assuming earlier cessation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. favorable aids incidence trends were not fou ... | 1991 | 2007974 |
| cumulative aids incidence and altered mortality from mycobacterial disease: new jersey. | changes in mycobacterial disease mortality between 1980 and 1986 were examined among new jersey residents aged 25 to 44 using single cause of death data. the demographic group with the highest cumulative incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) (non-white residents of the four urban counties adjacent to new york city) sustained an increase of 10.1 deaths/100,000 men/yr and 3.1 deaths/100,000 women/yr. groups with lower cumulative incidence of aids sustained smaller increases in my ... | 1991 | 2008983 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women admitted to the hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease. | to assess the association of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with other sexually transmitted diseases we undertook an anonymous hiv antibody serosurvey of all women admitted to the hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease. all the patients were given hiv risk reduction information and offered voluntary antibody testing. thirty-one consecutive patients were evaluated; 30 specimens were suitable for anonymous testing. five of the 30 (16.7%) were seropositive on both an enzyme-linked immuno ... | 1991 | 2010894 |
| serosurveillance of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1991 | 2014853 |
| comparison of newborn screening records and birth certificates to estimate bias in newborn hiv serosurveys. | implicit in the new york state newborn hiv seroprevalence study is the assumption that newborns of all new york state residents are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. we examined this assumption by describing that part of the 1988 new york newborn population not tested in the hiv seroprevalence study and assessing any bias contributed by this group. of the expected total hiv specimens 1.5 percent were never received by the newborn screening program, 0.5 percent were invali ... | 1991 | 2014879 |
| geographic distribution of newborn hiv seroprevalence in relation to four sociodemographic variables. | the geographic distribution of newborn human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence at zip code level was compared with the distribution of four sociodemographic variables. for new york city significant univariate correlations were found between hiv and low birthweight, drug use (as measured by hospital discharges), maternal education less than 12 years, and race/ethnicity. less significant correlations were found for new york state exclusive of new york city. for new york city a model comprising ... | 1991 | 2014880 |
| projection of aids incidence in women in new york state. | the results of the newborn hiv seroprevalence study in new york state for 1988 were used to estimate the number of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women of childbearing age in 1988. the estimate was accomplished for each of 80 age, racial/ethnic, and geographic strata by dividing the number of seropositive newborns by the 1988 estimated fertility rate. summing across strata yielded a total of 23,430 infected women age 15 to 44 years in 1988. from this estimate a tree model was used t ... | 1991 | 2014881 |
| hiv infection among women entering the new york state correctional system. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is the leading medical problem among prison inmates in several states. in 1988 a blinded seroprevalence study was conducted on 480 new york female prison entrants to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hiv infection in this population. ninety (18.8 percent) women were hiv-seropositive. seroprevalence was highest among women ages 30-39 (25.0 percent) and varied by ethnicity (hispanics, 29.4 percent; blacks, 14.4 percent; whites, 7.1 percent) and ... | 1991 | 2014882 |
| hiv seroprevalence surveys: impetus for preventive activities. | seroprevalence determinations of human immunodeficiency virus are essential for design and implementation of preventive strategies. by demonstrating the severity of hiv infections within communities, new york state surveys have spurred preventive interventions, including information to the public and health care providers and increased counseling and testing of women of reproductive age. in high-prevalence areas the community health workers have been employed in preventive activities. specific i ... | 1991 | 2014887 |
| treatment choice for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at risk for aids. | many infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are the children of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); they have approximately a 30% risk of infection. to investigate attitudes surrounding treatment for such newborns, we conducted a survey of professionals at six neonatal intensive care units in new york city. a significant proportion of the 247 respondents recommended less aggressive treatment for non-hiv-related conditions for infants at risk for hiv compared wi ... | 1991 | 2033769 |