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comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from house dust in china and the united states.because of volatilization and leaching from their application in consumer and personal care products, phthalate esters are ubiquitous contaminants in the indoor environment. in this study, we measured concentrations and profiles of 9 phthalate esters in indoor dust samples collected from six cities in china (n = 75). for comparison, we also analyzed samples collected from albany, new york, usa (n = 33). the results indicated that concentrations, except for dicyclohexyl phthalate (dchp) and bis(2 ...201121434628
frequency and clinicopathologic correlates of kras amplification in non-small cell lung carcinoma.background: characterization of the non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) genome has suggested that kras amplification is one of the commonest molecular abnormalities in nsclc. however, the prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of kras amplification, and its relationship with kras activating mutations have not been well-defined. the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of kras amplification in two separate, large nsclc cohorts, to define the clinicopathologic features of kr ...201121477882
epidemiology of 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) deaths in the united states, april-july 2009.during the spring of 2009, pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus (ph1n1) was recognized and rapidly spread worldwide. to describe the geographic distribution and patient characteristics of ph1n1-associated deaths in the united states, the centers for disease control and prevention requested information from health departments on all laboratory-confirmed ph1n1 deaths reported from 17 april through 23 july 2009. data were collected using medical charts, medical examiner reports, and death certificates ...201121342901
henry jacob bigelow (1818-1890): his contributions to anatomy and surgery.there have been many advances in the medical world over time that have greatly contributed to ameliorating and prolonging human life. the employment of surgical anesthesia is arguably one of the greatest medical discoveries of all time, and has immensely broadened our ability to treat the ill. while dr. henry jacob bigelow (1818-1890) was not the inventor of anesthesia, he was the first to publish and advocate its use in the 19th century (bigelow and bigelow [1894] a memoir of henry jacob bigelo ...201121412854
women's knowledge and awareness of gynecologic cancer: a multisite qualitative study in the united states.u.s. women's awareness and knowledge of gynecologic cancer have not been well studied, with the exception of cervical cancer screening and risk factors.201121413897
use of low-dose steroids in decreasing cytokine release during bilateral total knee replacement.interleukin 6 (il-6), a marker of inflammation, is one of the major cytokines released during joint replacement. in the orthopedic patient population, high levels have been linked to many adverse effects including acute respiratory distress syndrome, postoperative mental status changes, and fever. we looked to assess the efficacy of low-dose steroids on the postinflammatory response as measured by il-6 in patients undergoing bilateral total knee replacement (btkr). the role of steroids has never ...201121455087
factors associated with unprotected exposure to 2009 h1n1 influenza a among healthcare workers during the first wave of the pandemic.protecting healthcare workers (hcws) from occupational exposure to 2009 h1n1 influenza was a challenge. during the first wave of the pandemic, many hcws reported that they had been exposed to 2009 h1n1 when they were not using respiratory personal protective equipment. unprotected exposures tended to be more frequent among hcws caring for patients with atypical clinical presentations.201121460517
limb venous compliance responses to lower body negative pressure in humans with high blood pressure.this study tested the hypothesis that limb venous responses to baroreceptor unloading are altered in individuals with high blood pressure (hbp) compared with normotensive (nt) controls. calf venous compliance was assessed in 20 subjects with prehypertension and stage-1 hypertension (mean arterial pressure, map: 104±1 mm hg) and 13 nt controls (map: 86±2 mm hg) at baseline and during lower body negative pressure (lbnp), using venous occlusion plethysmography. baroreflex sensitivity (brs) was meas ...201121471995
increased macrophage infiltration and neovascularization in congenital bicuspid aortic valve stenosis.objectives: patients with congenital bicuspid aortic valves have aortic valve stenosis at a relatively young age compared with patients with tricuspid aortic valves. we hypothesize that aortic valve stenosis evolves from a more aggressive inflammatory process, with increased macrophage/t-cell and neovessel content in congenital bicuspid aortic valveswhen compared with that seen in tricuspid valves. methods: fifty-one severely stenotic aortic valves were obtained at the time of aortic valve repla ...201121481422
c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology in urban police officers.our aim was to examine the relationship between the level of the inflammatory markers, c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin-6 (il-6), and posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) symptomology in a random sample of 115 police officers. crp was measured in citrated plasma using a particle enhanced immunonepholometric assay and il-6 was measured in serum with a solid-phase quantitative sandwich elisa. the presence of high ptsd symptomology was defined as having an impact of event scale score (ies) ...201121493089
random anti-müllerian hormone (amh) is a predictor of ovarian response in women with elevated baseline early follicular follicle-stimulating hormone levels.to investigate the utility of random anti-müllerian hormone (amh) in assessing ovarian response among women with diminished ovarian reserve (dor) diagnosed by elevated early follicular-phase fsh levels.201121497340
intervention to influence behaviors linked to risk of chronic diseases: a multisite randomized controlled trial with african-american hiv-serodiscordant heterosexual couples.background: the high morbidity and mortality in african americans associated with behavior-linked chronic diseases are well documented. methods: we tested the efficacy of an intervention to increase multiple health-related behaviors in african americans. in a multisite cluster-randomized controlled trial, groups of african american human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-serodiscordant heterosexual couples in atlanta (georgia), los angeles (california), new york (new york), and philadelphia (pennsylv ...201121518939
an innovative approach to interdisciplinary occupational safety and health education.the new york and new jersey education and research center (erc) provides a range of graduate continuing education for occupational safety and health (osh) professionals in training. a key element of the education is to provide interdisciplinary training to industrial hygienists, ergonomists, occupational medicine physicians and other health and safety trainees to prepare them for the collaboration required to solve the complex occupational health and safety problems they will face in their caree ...201121557281
associations between herpes simplex virus type 2 and hcv with hiv among injecting drug users in new york city.objectives. we examined relationships between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), a biomarker for sexual risk, and hcv, a biomarker for injecting risk, with hiv among injecting drug users (idus) who began injecting after large-scale expansion of syringe exchange programs in new york city. methods. we recruited 337 heroin and cocaine users who began injecting in 1995 or later from persons entering drug detoxification. we administered a structured interview covering drug use and hiv risk behavior ...201121566021
pik3ca mutations rarely demonstrate genotypic intratumoral heterogeneity and are selected for in breast cancer progression.pik3ca gene mutations are the most common activating mutations in human breast cancer. its association with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer makes it a prime target for clinical therapeutic advances to maintain anti-estrogen responsiveness. in anticipation of this therapeutic approach, we have evaluated intratumoral heterogeneity in primary breast cancers with regard to pik3ca mutation status. in addition, we have assessed for the presence of the mutation in paired pre-invasive breast can ...201121617917
vitamin d status and antibody levels to common viruses in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.the relative contribution and interaction of risk factors for multiple sclerosis (ms) have not been evaluated. objectives: to determine whether vitamin d status is associated with antibody levels to common viruses in pediatric-onset ms or clinically isolated syndrome (cis) patients and controls.201121212086
sexual partner characteristics, serodiscordant/serostatus unknown unprotected anal intercourse and disclosure among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected black men who have sex with men in new york city.: black men who have sex with men (msm) are disproportionately infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the united states. this study describes sexual partner characteristics and disclosure of hiv serostatus and evaluates factors associated with sexual risk behaviors during last sex among black msm.201121217419
human papillomavirus vaccine uptake and barriers: association with perceived risk, actual risk and race/ethnicity among female students at a new york state university, 2010.understanding human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine uptake patterns is critical to improve vaccination levels. approximately half (56%) of female undergraduate students surveyed at a large public university reported hpv vaccine series initiation, with 79% of initiators completing the three dose series. predictors of series initiation included having a conversation with a health-care provider about the vaccine, reporting a history of sexual intercourse and receipt of the meningitis vaccine. compared ...201121376797
norman garmezy (1918-2009).norman garmezy, a pioneer in research on risk and resilience, died in nashville, tennessee, on november 21, 2009, at the age of 91. he was a legendary mentor as well as an eminent scientist in clinical psychology. norm was born on june 18, 1918, in new york city and grew up in the bronx in a jewish neighborhood where educational attainment was highly valued. the scientific study of resilience as conceived by norman garmezy, his peers, and students has transformed the science and practice of mult ...201121299255
text message reminders to promote human papillomavirus vaccination.to implement and evaluate text message reminders for the second (hpv2) and third (hpv3) vaccine doses.201121300094
incident hepatitis c virus infection among us hiv-infected men enrolled in clinical trials.outbreaks of sexually transmitted hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection have been reported among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected men who have sex with men in europe, australia, and new york. whether this is occurring across the united states is unknown.201121282184
sexual behaviors of adolescent emerging and young adult men who have sex with men ages 13-29 in new york city.hiv infections among young men who have sex with men (ymsm), ages 13-29 in new york city have been steadily increasing over the last decade.201121317586
human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) viral community-acquired pneumonia (cap) mimicking swine influenza (h1n1) during the swine flu pandemic.the swine influenza (h1n1) pandemic began in mexico in 2009 and quickly spread worldwide. during the h1n1 pandemic, many patients were admitted to the winthrop-university hospital with influenza-like illnesses (ilis). many hospitalized adults had h1n1 pneumonia diagnosed by laboratory or clinical criteria. however, the laboratory diagnosis of h1n1 was problematic. the rapid influenza (quickvue a/b [quidel, san diego, ca]) test frequently showed false-negative results. reverse transcriptase-polym ...201120888645
intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast: an in situ or invasive tumor? results of immunohistochemical analysis and clinical follow-up.intracystic papillary carcinoma (ipc) is regarded as an intraductal neoplasm, but recent evidence suggests that it could be invasive, as it often lacks myoepithelial lining. we evaluated myoepithelial cells and collagen iv, a basement membrane component, in 40 ipcs from 39 (35 female and 4 male) patients and assessed their clinical management and follow-up. the mean patient age at diagnosis was 68 years, and the mean tumor size was 1.8 cm. thirteen cases were pure ipc, 8 cases were ipc with or w ...201121084964
in vivo facial tissue depth study of chinese-american adults in new york city.this study examines facial tissue depth in adult chinese-americans. using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 landmarks across the faces of 101 individuals aged from 18 to 87 years. summary statistics are reported for a sample of 67 individuals of normal weight (as determined by a body mass index [bmi] of 19-25). statistical analyses were used to assess relationships between tissue thickness, age, and bmi. results indicate that no significant relationship exists between tissue thickness an ...201121210802
infectious disease survey of mus musculus from pet stores in new york city.most mice used in research are purchased devoid of specific pathogens. experimental studies required us to evaluate the profile of infective agents harbored in mice sold as pets or food for captive reptiles. anecdotal reports regarding disease in these mice abound, but there are few published reports on disease prevalence. purchasers are unaware of the potential zoonotic or adventitious infections carried by these mice. this survey investigated the prevalence of ectoparasites, endoparasites, and ...201222330866
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2011.during 2011, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,031 rabid animals and 6 human rabies cases to the cdc, representing a 1.9% decrease from the 6,153 rabid animals and 2 human cases reported in 2010. approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,981 raccoons (32.8%), 1,627 skunks (27.0%), 1,380 bats (22.9%), 427 foxes (7.1%), 303 cats (5.0%), 65 cattle (1.1%), and 70 dogs (1.2%). compared with 2010, there was a subs ...201222947154
enhanced mammalian transmissibility of seasonal influenza a/h1n1 viruses encoding an oseltamivir-resistant neuraminidase.between 2007 and 2009, oseltamivir resistance developed among seasonal influenza a/h1n1 (sh1n1) virus isolates at an exponential rate, without a corresponding increase in oseltamivir usage. we hypothesized that the oseltamivir-resistant neuraminidase (na), in addition to being relatively insusceptible to the antiviral effect of oseltamivir, might confer an additional fitness advantage on these viruses by enhancing their transmission efficiency among humans. here we demonstrate that an oseltamivi ...201222532693
producer survey of bird-livestock interactions in commercial dairies.the objective of this producer survey was to identify and estimate damage caused by bird-livestock interactions in commercial dairies. the interactions between birds and livestock have previously been implicated in causing economic damage while contributing to the environmental dissemination of microorganisms pathogenic to livestock and humans. very little research exists to help producers understand what bird species use dairies, why they use dairies, or the scope and nature of damage created a ...201222981584
farm animal contact as risk factor for transmission of bovine-associated salmonella subtypes.salmonellosis is usually associated with foodborne transmission. to identify risk from animal contact, we compared animal exposures of case-patients infected with bovine-associated salmonella subtypes with those of control-patients infected with non-bovine-associated subtypes. we used data collected in new york and washington, usa, from march 1, 2008, through march 1, 2010. contact with farm animals during the 5 days before illness onset was significantly associated with being a case-patient (od ...201223171627
dogs and horses with antibodies to outer-surface protein c as on-time sentinels for ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi in new york state in 2011.reported cases of lyme disease (a chronic disease caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi) in humans increased more than two-fold between 1992 and 2006 in the united states. recently, the annual number of reported human lyme disease cases stabilized (according to the center for disease control and prevention) but the geographic distribution seemed to increase. in new york (ny) state, usa, a spread from the original lyme disease focus in southeastern parts of the state has occurred. we dete ...201222841496
evaluation of a neighborhood rat-management program--new york city, december 2007-august 2009.the norway rat (rattus norvegicus) is a pervasive urban rodent that can carry a variety of pathogens transmissible to humans, bring stress to residents of infested neighborhoods, damage property, and cause financial loss. several areas of new york city have experienced persistent rat infestation despite a longstanding rat control program that employed property-level inspection and control measures triggered by individual citizen complaints, a common approach in urban areas. recognizing the need ...201222992570
a temperature-limited assessment of the risk of rift valley fever transmission and establishment in the continental united states of america.the rapid spread of west nile virus across north america after its introduction in 1999 highlights the potential for foreign arboviruses to become established in the united states of america. of particular concern is rift valley fever virus (rvfv), which has been responsible for multiple african epidemics resulting in death of both humans and livestock, as well as major economic disruption due to livestock loss and trade restrictions. modern globalization, travel, and commerce allow viruses to e ...201222639118
missing from the table: role of the environmental public health community in governmental advisory commissions related to marcellus shale drilling.background: the marcellus shale is a vast natural gas field underlying parts of pennsylvania, new york, west virginia, virginia and maryland. rapid development of this field has been enabled by advances in hydrofracking techniques that include injection of chemical and physical agents deep underground. response to public concern about potential adverse environmental and health impacts has led to the formation of state and national advisory committees. objectives: we review the extent to whic ...201222233770
twenty-year summary of surveillance for human hantavirus infections, united states.in the past 20 years of surveillance for hantavirus in humans in the united states, 624 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) have been reported, 96% of which occurred in states west of the mississippi river. most hantavirus infections are caused by sin nombre virus, but cases of hps caused by bayou, black creek canal, monongahela, and new york viruses have been reported, and cases of domestically acquired hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome caused by seoul virus have also occurred. rare ...201324274585
aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in the continental united states: a vector at the cool margin of its geographic range.after more than a half century without recognized local dengue outbreaks in the continental united states, there were recent outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the southern parts of texas (2004-2005) and florida (2009-2011). this dengue reemergence has provoked interest in the extent of the future threat posed by the yellow fever mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in urban settings, to human health in the continental united states. a ...201323802440
the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the song of two passerine species.polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are synthetic chemical pollutants with demonstrated detrimental toxic and developmental effects on humans and wildlife. laboratory studies suggest that pcbs influence behavior due to their effects on endocrine and neurological systems, yet little is known about the behavioral consequences of sublethal pcb exposure in the field. additionally, specific pcb congener data (in contrast to total pcb load) is necessary to understand the possible effects of pcbs in livin ...201324058475
occurrence of and dietary exposure to parabens in foodstuffs from the united states.parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, including beverages. information on the occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs and dietary exposure of humans to these chemicals is not available. in this study, food samples (n = 267) collected from albany, new york, united states, were grouped into eight categories, namely, beverages, dairy products, fats and oils, fish and shellfish, grains, meat, fruits, and vegetables, ...201323506043
analysis of the 3'-variable region of the caga gene from helicobacter pylori strains infecting patients at new york city hospitals.helicobacter pylori infects the gastric mucosa in humans and is a causative agent for peptic ulcer disease (pud) and gastric cancer (gc). caga is produced by h. pylori and is associated with more severe outcomes. caga genes vary at the 3'-region with respect to phosphorylation motifs (epiya-a, -b, -c, or -d) and caga multimerization motifs (cm). this variability may be associated with the clinical outcomes. we examined the variable region of caga genes expressed in h. pylori-infected patients tr ...201323117095
prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in new york state, usa.sera collected from 299 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) harvested in new york state by hunters in november 2010 were assayed for anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies. white-tailed deer are a useful sentinel for risk of human and domestic animal exposure to toxoplasma oocysts and pose a potential risk for infection to humans and other animals by ingestion of the meat. white-tailed deer share grazing space with domestic animals raised for meat and are likely to be exposed by horizontal ...201324502721
the relevance of forest fragmentation on the incidence of human babesiosis: investigating the landscape epidemiology of an emerging tick-borne disease.babesiosis is an emerging arthropod-borne infection that has been increasing in incidence for the last decade in the northeastern united states. babesiosis may share features of its landscape epidemiology with other arthropod-borne infections transmitted by the same tick vectors in similar geographic spaces. this study examined 11 years of surveillance data in new york state to measure the relationship between forest fragmentation and the incidence of human babesiosis. adjusted poisson models sh ...201323428092
disease risk surface for coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in white-tailed deer.coxiella burnetii is considered a re-emerging zoonosis in many countries. the bacterium is enzootic in livestock and wildlife in the united states, and environmental contamination is widespread. despite the potential for exposure, the estimated prevalence of q fever in humans and animals is not well elucidated, and reported human infections in the united states are relatively rare. zoonotic transmission of the bacterium is usually associated with abortions in domestic ruminants, but other modes ...201323176671
forest fragmentation and risk of giardiasis in new york state.in the united states, giardiasis is endemic in northern and northeastern states, but its ecology and epidemiology remain elusive. the underlying physical landscape may play a role in shaping points of contact between humans, animals, and giardia cysts. this study examined 11 years of surveillance data in new york state to measure the relationship between forest fragmentation and the incidence of giardiasis. adjusted poisson models showed that increasing points of contact between forested land an ...201324142462
six-year follow-up of a point-source exposure to cwd contaminated venison in an upstate new york community: risk behaviours and health outcomes 2005-2011.it is currently unknown whether chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, is transmissible to humans. reported on here are the behavioural risk factors and health conditions associated with a six-year follow-up of a known point-source exposure to a cwd infected deer in an upstate new york community.201425225155
host specificity and source of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in a drinking source watershed.to assess the host specificity of enterocytozoon bieneusi and to track the sources of e. bieneusi contamination, we genotyped e. bieneusi in wildlife and stormwater from the watershed of new york city's source water, using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its)-based pcr and sequence analyses. a total of 255 specimens from 23 species of wild mammals and 67 samples from stormwater were analyzed. seventy-four (29.0%) of the wildlife specimens and 39 (58.2%) of the stormwater samples from stre ...201424141128
prevalence of borrelia miyamotoi in ixodes ticks in europe and the united states.borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever-related spirochete transmitted by ixodes ticks, has been recently shown to be a human pathogen. to characterize the prevalence of this organism in questing ixodes ticks, we tested 2,754 ticks for a variety of tickborne pathogens by pcr and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. ticks were collected from california, new york, connecticut, pennsylvania, and indiana in the united states and from germany and the czech republic in europe from 2008 through 201 ...201425280366
detection of zoonotic pathogens and characterization of novel viruses carried by commensal rattus norvegicus in new york city.norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are globally distributed and concentrate in urban environments, where they live and feed in closer proximity to human populations than most other mammals. despite the potential role of rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, the microbial diversity present in urban rat populations remains unexplored. in this study, we used targeted molecular assays to detect known bacterial, viral, and protozoan human pathogens and unbiased high-throughput sequencing to identify ...201425316698
variation in the microbiota of ixodes ticks with regard to geography, species, and sex.ixodes scapularis is the principal vector of lyme disease on the east coast and in the upper midwest regions of the united states, yet the tick is also present in the southeast, where lyme disease is absent or rare. a closely related species, i. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the south but does not seem to transmit it to humans. in order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult i. scapularis and 13 adult i. affinis ticks captured i ...201526150449
preliminary survey of ectoparasites and associated pathogens from norway rats in new york city.the norway rat (rattus norvegicus) is a reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens and lives in close proximity to humans in urban environments. human infection with rodent-borne disease occurs either directly through contact with a rat or its excreta, or indirectly via arthropod vectors such as fleas and ticks. here, we report on the diversity and abundance of ectoparasitic arthropod species and associated pathogenic bacteria from 133 norway rats trapped over a 10-mo period in manhattan, new york, ny ...201526336309
a real-time pcr assay for differentiating pathogenic anaplasma phagocytophilum from an apathogenic, woodrat-adapted genospecies from north america.anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen of humans and animals comprising strains that cause clinical disease in people, dogs and horses (the pathogenic a. phagocytophilum "genospecies") and more distantly related strains. a rodent-adapted genospecies named du1, found primarily in woodrats, is unable to infect horses. we developed a real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assay, which targets an 85 base pair region of the ank gene and is specific for the pathogenic genospecies of a. pha ...201526188998
dogs entering the united states from rabies-endemic countries, 2011-2012.international dog imports pose a risk because of the potential movement of disease agents, including the canine rabies virus variant which has been eliminated from the united states since 2007. us regulations require a rabies vaccination certificate for dogs arriving from rabies-endemic countries, but permit the importation of dogs that have not been adequately immunized against rabies, provided that the dogs are confined under conditions that restrict their contact with humans and other animals ...201525244531
metal levels in eggs of waterbirds in the new york harbor (usa): trophic relationships and possible risk to human consumers.health professionals are interested in evaluating the risks that heavy metals pose to eco-receptors and humans. the objective of this study was to examine levels of mercury (hg), lead (pb), cadmium (cd), and other contaminants in waterbirds nesting in the new york harbor in 2012 to determine (1) whether there were species and locational differences, and (2) whether consumption of eggs posed a health risk to predators or humans. for arsenic (as), pb, hg, and selenium (se), species contributed mor ...201525424617
subtyping novel zoonotic pathogen cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype i.cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype i is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in humans. the lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to determine the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology. to identify potential subtyping markers, we sequenced the genome of a human chipmunk genotype i isolate. altogether, 9,509,783 bp of assembled sequences in 853 contigs were obtained, with an n50 of 117,886 bp and >200-fold coverage. based on the whole-genome sequence data, two genetic markers encoding the 6 ...201525762767
occurrence of benzophenone-3 in indoor air from albany, new york, usa, and its implications for inhalation exposure.benzophenone-3 (bp-3) is a widespread environmental contaminant and an estrogenic compound. very little is known with regard to the occurrence in indoor air and the inhalation exposure of humans to bp-3. in this study, 81 indoor air samples were collected from various locations in albany, new york, usa, in 2014 and analyzed for bp-3 by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms). bp-3 was found in all indoor air samples and the overall concentrations in bulk air ...201526282764
accumulation of 19 environmental phenolic and xenobiotic heterocyclic aromatic compounds in human adipose tissue.the extensive use of environmental phenols (e.g., bisphenol a) and heterocyclic aromatic compounds (e.g., benzothiazole) in consumer products as well as widespread exposure of humans to these compounds have been well documented. biomonitoring studies have used urinary measurements to assess exposures, based on the assumption that these chemicals are metabolized and eliminated in urine. despite the fact that some of these chemicals are moderately lipophilic, the extent of their accumulation in ad ...201525749637
supersampling and network reconstruction of urban mobility.understanding human mobility is of vital importance for urban planning, epidemiology, and many other fields that draw policies from the activities of humans in space. despite the recent availability of large-scale data sets of gps traces or mobile phone records capturing human mobility, typically only a subsample of the population of interest is represented, giving a possibly incomplete picture of the entire system under study. methods to reliably extract mobility information from such reduced d ...201526275237
organobromine compound profiling in human adipose: assessment of sources of bromophenol.bromophenols (brps) have been widely detected in human tissues, however, relative proportions from natural products and/or anthropogenic flame retardants are not clear. 21 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), 15 meo/oh-pbdes, and 10 brps were simultaneously quantified in adipose collected from people from new york city, usa. an in vitro assay utilizing human liver microsomes was performed for detected predominant organobromine. high concentrations of 2,4,6-tribrp and pbdes were observed, and ...201525935608
widespread occurrence and accumulation of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (badge), bisphenol f diglycidyl ether (bfdge) and their derivatives in human blood and adipose fat.despite the widespread use of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (badge) and bisphenol f diglycidyl ether (bfdge) in various consumer products, studies on human exposure to these compounds are scarce. in this study, badge, bfdge, and seven of their derivatives were determined in human adipose fat and blood plasma samples collected from new york city, ny. bisphenol a bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether [badge·2h2o] was the major badge derivative found in 60% of the adipose samples and 70% of the plasma sam ...201525679329
identifying common patterns in diverse systems: effects of exurban development on birds of the adirondack park and the greater yellowstone ecosystem, usa.we examined the impacts of exurban development on bird communities in essex county, new york and madison county, montana by comparing differences in abundance of songbirds between subdivisions and control sites in both regions. we hypothesized that impacts to bird communities would be greater in the relatively homogeneous, closed canopy adirondack forest of northern new york state than they would be in the more naturally heterogeneous grasslands interspersed with trees and shrubs of the greater ...201525421994
jane cooke wright (1919-2013): pioneering oncologist, woman and humanitarian.jane wright was a fundamental researcher in cancer chemotherapy in the 1950s-1980s and was one of the first scientists to test anti-cancer drugs on humans rather than solely on mice, discovering the use of the popular antimetabolite drug methotrexate on solid tumours. from her research she was able to conclude which specific anti-cancer agents would have the greatest lethal effect on a patient's certain cancer type and she invented a method of delivering chemotherapy agents directly to an intern ...201624585629
benzothiazoles in indoor air from albany, new york, usa, and its implications for inhalation exposure.benzothiazole and its derivatives (collectively referred to bths) are used widely in many consumer (e.g., textiles) and industrial (e.g., rubber) products. very little is known about the occurrence of bths in indoor air and the inhalation exposure of humans to these substances. in this study, 81 indoor air samples collected from various locations in albany, new york, usa, in 2014 were analyzed for bths by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms). bths were fou ...201626954474
toxoplasma gondii and giardia duodenalis infections in domestic dogs in new york city public parks.toxoplasma gondii and giardia duodenalis have been widely reported to produce major diseases in humans and domestic animals. little is known about the occurrence of these protozoan parasites in domestic dogs in the united states. the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of t. gondii and g. duodenalis among dogs in new york city. fecal samples from domestic dogs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, 3% of the samples tested positive for t. gondii, ...201626988633
geography and timing of cases of eastern equine encephalitis in new york state from 1992 to 2012.in new york state (nys), eastern equine encephalitis (eee) was first reported in a human in 1971, in horses in 1970, and in pheasants in 1952.201626901637
population and evolutionary genomics of amblyomma americanum, an expanding arthropod disease vector.the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, is an important disease vector and the most frequent tick found attached to humans in the eastern united states. the lone star tick has recently experienced a rapid range expansion into the northeast and midwest, but despite this emerging infectious threat to wildlife, livestock, and human health, little is known about the genetic causes and consequences of the geographic expansion. in the first population genomic analysis of any tick species, we charact ...201627190204
development and validation of a climate-based ensemble prediction model for west nile virus infection rates in culex mosquitoes, suffolk county, new york.west nile virus (wnv) is an endemic public health concern in the united states that produces periodic seasonal epidemics. underlying these outbreaks is the enzootic cycle of wnv between mosquito vectors and bird hosts. identifying the key environmental conditions that facilitate and accelerate this cycle can be used to inform effective vector control.201627507279
quantifying the potential pathways and locations of rift valley fever virus entry into the united states.the global invasion of west nile virus, chikungunya virus and zika virus in the past two decades suggests an increasing rate of mosquito-borne virus (arbovirus) dispersal. rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an arbovirus identified as a high-consequence threat to the united states (usa) because of the severe economic and health consequences associated with disease. numerous studies demonstrate that the usa is receptive to rvfv transmission based on the widespread presence of competent mosquito spe ...201728191786
[arboviruses also have an american dream].some arboviruses that originated in the old world have been introduced by humans into the american continent. the first of them was the yellow fever virus, coming from the west african coast with slaves in the 17th-19th centuries, followed by dengue viruses, which were always prevalent within the americas. next was thewest nile virus, introduced in new york in 1999, that spread in only a few years over the whole continent. then, chikungunya virus arrived on saint martin island in 2013 after its ...201728509947
filthy lucre: a metagenomic pilot study of microbes found on circulating currency in new york city.paper currency by its very nature is frequently transferred from one person to another and represents an important medium for human contact with-and potential exchange of-microbes. in this pilot study, we swabbed circulating $1 bills obtained from a new york city bank in february (winter) and june (summer) 2013 and used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile the communities found on their surface. using basic culture conditions, we also tested whether viable microbes could be recovered from b ...201728384336
harmful algal bloom-associated illnesses in humans and dogs identified through a pilot surveillance system - new york, 2015.cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic, aquatic organisms found in fresh, brackish, and marine water around the world (1). rapid proliferation and accumulation of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria characterize one type of harmful algal bloom (hab). habs have the potential to cause illness in humans and animals (2,3); however, the epidemiology of these illnesses has not been well characterized. statewide in 2015, a total of 139 habs were identified in new york, ...201729095808
case report: a cluster of three leptospirosis cases in a new york city abattoir and an unusual complication in the index case.we report the case of a 46-year-old male abattoir worker who developed myalgias, shortness of breath, and irritability 2 weeks after sustaining a laceration to the hand with a knife at work. during his hospital evaluation for septic shock he was noted to be febrile, hypotensive, profoundly jaundiced with aseptic meningitis, and renal failure, and was diagnosed withleptospirosis interrogansinfection confirmed by serum and urine polymerase chain reaction. after standard antibiotic therapy and reco ...201729016310
whole-genome sequencing of drug-resistant salmonella enterica isolated from dairy cattle and humans in new york and washington states reveals source and geographic associations.multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica can be spread from cattle to humans through direct contact with animals shedding salmonella, as well as through the food chain, making mdr salmonella a serious threat to human health. the objective of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing to compare antimicrobial-resistant (amr) s. typhimurium, newport, and dublin isolated from dairy cattle and humans in washington state and new york state at a genotypic and phenotypic level. a total of 90 is ...201728389536
a novel a(h7n2) influenza virus isolated from a veterinarian caring for cats in a new york city animal shelter causes mild disease and transmits poorly in the ferret model.in december 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) a(h7n2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in a cat shelter in new york city, which subsequently spread to multiple shelters in the states of new york and pennsylvania. one person with occupational exposure to infected cats became infected with the virus, representing the first lpai h7n2 virus infection in a human in north america since 2003. considering the close contact that frequently occurs between companio ...201728515300
characterization of a feline influenza a(h7n2) virus.during december 2016-february 2017, influenza a viruses of the h7n2 subtype infected ≈500 cats in animal shelters in new york, ny, usa, indicating virus transmission among cats. a veterinarian who treated the animals also became infected with feline influenza a(h7n2) virus and experienced respiratory symptoms. to understand the pathogenicity and transmissibility of these feline h7n2 viruses in mammals, we characterized them in vitro and in vivo. feline h7n2 subtype viruses replicated in the resp ...201829260686
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