Publications

raw hamburger: an interstate common source of human salmonellosis.	an interstate common-source outbreak of salmonellosis was first detected in the united states in september and october, 1975, when a tenfold increase in salmonella newport isolates was noted through routine salmonella surveillance by the colorado department of health. eighteen primary cases with a distinctive antibiotic resistance pattern (tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides) were evaluated in a case-control study, and illness was found to be associated with eating raw hamburger (p less ...	1978	623088
an assessment of patient-related economic costs in an outbreak of salmonellosis.		1978	683278
diseases of yearling feedlot cattle in colorado.	during all of 1974 we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. the morbidity was 5.1%, with a case mortality of 18.9% and a population mortality of 1.0%. both morbidity and mortality were higher during fall and winter than during spring and summer. of the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 were necropsied. the most prevalent diseases were: pneumonia, 48%; diphtheria, 6%; brisket disease, 6%; hemorrhagic colitis, 5%; riding injury, 4%; bloat, 3%; calculosis, 2%; endocardit ...	1976	956027
bronchiectasis in yearling feedlot cattle.	thoughout all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. from the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made; of the cattle necropsied, 32 (1.6%) had bronchiectasis. in this disease, the permanently dilated small bronchi and bronchioles, located in ventral parts of the lungs, were filled with accumulations of exudate and microorganisms, including pasteurella hemolytica, pasteurella multocida, corynebacterium pyogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella an ...	1976	956033
a large nontypical outbreak of norwalk virus. gastroenteritis associated with exposing celery to nonpotable water and with citrobacter freundii.	the us air force academy experienced a point-source outbreak of gastroenteritis originally believed to be caused by salmonella. the overall attack rate was 48% among approximately 3000 cadets and staff. food-specific attack rates implicated chicken salad. the odds ratio for chicken salad consumption in ill cadets was 10.7 (95% confidence interval: 8.2; 13.8). the celery component had been exposed to nonpotable water. citrobacter freundii were statistically associated with consumption of the susp ...	1991	1660704
epidemiologic study of salmonellae shedding in the feces of horses and potential risk factors for development of the infection in hospitalized horses.	a study was designed to identify epidemiologic factors associated with the development and spread of salmonellae in horses in a veterinary teaching hospital, through a case-control study and a longitudinal follow-up prospective study. in the case-control study, 44 horses shedding salmonellae in feces were compared with 99 control horses not shedding salmonellae in feces; regarding breed, sex, age and initial diagnosis, none of the odds ratios for study factors was significant. the factors found ...	1990	2347754
campylobacter jejuni infection in colorado: unexplained excess of cases in males.	between january 1, 1981, and december 31, 1982, the colorado department of health received reports of 1,185 culture-confirmed cases of campylobacter jejuni infection. incidence rates were highest among infants less than 1 year old and among persons aged 20-29 years. the distribution of cases by sex showed a predominance among males at all ages except 40-59 years, the most marked predominance occurring in infants under 1 year. the higher rates for males were also significant for all ages combined ...	1985	3923544
relationship of management and nutrition to salmonellosis in feedlot lambs.		1972	4638502
epidemic salmonellosis from cheddar cheese: surveillance and prevention.	on august 3, 1976, ongoing salmonella surveillance in colorado first detected an epidemic of salmonella heidelberg infections that eventually totaled 339 isolates. the majority of the cases occurred between july 23 and august 12 in two widely separated cities: denver and pueblo. epidemiologic investigation successively incriminated 1) recent dining at mexican-style restaurants (p less than 0.001), 2) eating foods containing cheese in these restaurants (p = 0.029), and 3) consumption of cheddar c ...	1980	7355885
abstracts of papers presented at the 1980 meetings of the genetic society of america. boulder, colorado august 18-20, 1980.	the transposable tetracycline resistance element, tn10, can serve as a region of homology to promote rec-dependent deletion, duplication and directed transposition of bacterial genes. tn10 insertions in regions of the chromosome near the histidine operon (his) have been isolated and characterized in salmonella typhimurium. when strains are constructed containing two tn10 insertions flanking the his operon in the same orientation (tn10-his-tn10), recombination can occur between tn10 sequences res ...	1980	7399262
iguana-associated salmonellosis in children.		1995	7603816
outbreak of salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital.	during the past 11 years, there have been numerous reports of outbreaks of salmonellosis involving horses in veterinary teaching hospitals. some of these outbreaks have been associated with salmonella serotypes not commonly associated with infection of horses. salmonella infantis is among the more common salmonella serotypes isolated from human beings, and is an important pathogen in the broiler chicken industry. however, it was not commonly isolated from horses or cattle on a national basis bet ...	1997	9412683
an outbreak of salmonellosis among children attending a reptile exhibit at a zoo.	in january 1996, an outbreak of diarrhea caused by salmonella enteritidis occurred in children attending a komodo dragon exhibit at a metropolitan zoo. we sought to determine the extent of the outbreak and mode of transmission.	1998	9602189
prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats.	to determine prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats in north-central colorado.	2000	10707683
emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase.	ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown.	2000	11135779
salmonella typhimurium infections transmitted by chlorine-pretreated clover sprout seeds.	raw seed sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks of enteric infections. presoaking seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter (ppm) calcium hypochlorite solution before sprouting is recommended to reduce bacterial contamination and infection risk. in 1999, the authors investigated an outbreak of salmonella serotype typhimurium infections in colorado. in a case-control study, they matched 20 cases with 58 controls by age, sex, and telephone prefix; 10 (52%) of 19 cases and no controls recalled eating raw alfalfa- ...	2001	11724718
outbreak of salmonella serotype kottbus infections associated with eating alfalfa sprouts--arizona, california, colorado, and new mexico, february-april 2001.	on march 12, 2001, the california department of health services (cdhs) identified a cluster of salmonella kottbus isolates with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. during february 1-may 1, cdhs identified 23 patients with s. kottbus infections in several california counties and an additional patient from arizona. this report summarizes the results of the investigation of this outbreak, which identified cases in four states and implicated alfalfa sprouts produced a ...	2002	11831433
from the centers for disease control and prevention. alfalfa sprouts--arizona, california, colorado, and new mexico, february-april, 2001.		2002	11838449
occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104a in retail ground beef.	surveillance data of cattle and human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 indicate that this pathogen emerged worldwide in the 1980s, particularly in cattle. studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella typhimurium dt104 in ground beef. samples were also tested for the presence of generic escherichia coli. a total of 404 fresh ground beef samples obtained at retail stores from new york, san francisco, philadelphia, denver, atlanta, houston, and chicago w ...	2002	11848574
prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado.	to evaluate the prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado, fecal samples were obtained from client-owned dogs presented to the veterinary teaching hospital at colorado state university for evaluation of acute small-bowel, large-bowel, or mixed-bowel diarrhea (n=71) and from age-matched, client-owned, healthy dogs (n=59). infectious agents potentially associated with gastrointestinal disease were detected in 34 of 130 (26.1%) fecal samples. agents with zoonotic potential w ...	2003	12549614
multistate outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with eating ground beef--united states, 2004.	salmonella infections cause an estimated 1.4 million human illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the united states. although the incidence of several other foodborne bacterial infections decreased substantially during 1996-2004, the incidence of salmonella infections declined modestly. in september 2004, the new mexico department of health received reports from the new mexico scientific laboratory division of eight salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates that had indistinguishable pulse ...	2006	16498383
prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and salmonella enterica in rock pigeons captured in fort collins, colorado.	the potential role of rock pigeons (columba livia) in the epidemiology of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and salmonella enterica is unclear. our objective was to determine the prevalence of stec and s. enterica in pigeons at urban and dairy settings as a function of season. prevalence of stec and s. enterica was estimated by bacteriologic culture of cloacal swabs collected from pigeons trapped at urban and dairy locations in and around fort collins, colorado from january to novemb ...	2006	16699148
cluster of invasive salmonellosis cases in a federal prison in colorado.	we report a cluster of 3 cases of invasive salmonellosis without gastroenteritis among prisoners, in the absence of a gastroenteritis outbreak. raw foods illicitly taken from the prison kitchen and improperly stored and prepared were possible sources of infection. we describe the investigation of this cluster and discuss the unique implications of invasive, nongastroenteritis salmonellosis in the prison setting, both for clinicians and for public health agencies that seek to control infections i ...	2006	16877102
multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk.	antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ...	2007	17375195
the alamosa salmonella outbreak: a gumshoe investigation.		2008	18807826
perceptions regarding workplace hazards at a veterinary teaching hospital.	objective: to assess perceptions of personnel working at a veterinary teaching hospital regarding risks of occupational hazards and compare those perceptions with assessments made by occupational safety experts.	2010	20590501