Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| blood plasma traits associated with genetic merit for feed utilization in holstein cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of selection for feed utilization on associated blood plasma metabolite and hormone traits. dry matter intake (dmi) was recorded in 970 holsteins from 11 commercial farms in pennsylvania and used to derive dry matter efficiency (dme; fat-corrected milk yield/dmi), crude protein efficiency (cpe; protein yield/crude protein intake), and residual feed intake (rfi, defined as actual feed intake minus expected feed intake for maintenance and m ... | 2017 | 28755931 |
| histopathology case definition of naturally acquired salmonella enterica serovar dublin infection in young holstein cattle in the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin ( salmonella dublin) is a host-adapted bacterium that causes high morbidity and mortality in dairy cattle worldwide. a retrospective search of archives at the new york animal health diagnostic center revealed 57 culture-confirmed salmonella dublin cases from new york and pennsylvania in which detailed histology of multiple tissues was available. tissues routinely submitted by referring veterinarians for histologic evaluation included sections of ... | 2017 | 28599615 |
| short communication: analytical method and amount of preservative added to milk samples may alter milk urea nitrogen measurements. | milk urea n (mun) is used by dairy nutritionists and producers to monitor dietary protein intake and is indicative of n utilization in lactating dairy cows. two experiments were conducted to explore discrepancies in mun results provided by 3 milk processing laboratories using different methods. an additional experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (bronopol) on mun analysis. in experiment 1, 10 replicates of bulk tank milk samples, collected from the p ... | 2017 | 27988113 |
| evaluation of performance of bacterial culture of feces and serum elisa across stages of johne's disease in cattle using a bayesian latent class model. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of bacterial culture of feces and serum elisa to correctly identify cows with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) at heavy, light, and non-fecal-shedding levels. a total of 29,785 parallel test results from bacterial culture of feces and serum elisa were collected from 17 dairy herds in minnesota, pennsylvania, and colorado. samples were obtained from adult cows from dairy herds enrolled for up to 10 yr in the national johne ... | 2015 | 26364104 |
| herd-level risk factors for hock injuries in freestall-housed dairy cows in the northeastern united states and california. | the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between management and facility design factors and the prevalence of hock injuries in high-producing dairy cows in 76 freestall herds in the northeastern united states (ne-us; vermont, new york, pennsylvania) and california (ca). one group of high-production multiparous cows was monitored on each farm, and data on management, facility and stall design, and the conditions of the hocks were collected. focal cows [n=38 ± 3 (mean ± standard d ... | 2013 | 23548284 |
| regional distribution of two dairy-associated salmonella enterica serotypes. | salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen that is often associated with dairy farms. the organism can cause disease in cows but is also frequently shed in large numbers by dairy cows that are asymptomatic. long-term asymptomatic infections with serotypes cerro and kentucky were previously identified in cows on a 100-head dairy farm in pennsylvania, united states (focal dairy). milk filters were collected from farms within 30 miles of the focal dairy to determine whether the infections by cerro ... | 2013 | 23536986 |
| competitiveness of management-intensive grazing dairies in the mid-atlantic region from 1995 to 2009. | this paper used farm income tax returns (schedule f) data from 62 dairy farmers who milked 200 cows or fewer in western and central maryland and southwestern pennsylvania (hereafter, the mid-atlantic region) to assess the relative financial performance of management-intensive grazing (mig) and confinement dairy operations over the 15-yr period from 1995 through 2009. data were not available from all farmers in all years; on average, the sample analyzed contained 11 mig farms and 26 confinement f ... | 2013 | 23313000 |
| herd-level risk factors for lameness in freestall farms in the northeastern united states and california. | the objective was to investigate the association between herd-level management and facility design factors and the prevalence of lameness in high-producing dairy cows in freestall herds in the northeastern united states (ne; vermont, new york, pennsylvania) and california (ca). housing and management measures such as pen space, stall design, bedding type, and milking routine were collected for the high-producing pen in 40 farms in ne and 39 farms in ca. all cows in the pen were gait scored using ... | 2013 | 23141819 |
| notes from the field: yersinia enterocolitica infections associated with pasteurized milk --- southwestern pennsylvania, march-august, 2011. | on july 22, 2011, a pediatric infectious disease physician reported a culture-confirmed case of yersinia enterocolitica infection to the allegheny county health department (achd), pennsylvania. two additional cases in allegheny county with onset around the same time were identified by pennsylvania's version of the national electronic disease surveillance system aberration detection algorithm, which routinely evaluates disease reports, searching for unusual events. during march-august for the 3-y ... | 2011 | 22012118 |
| The effect of sire selection on cow mortality and early lactation culling in adverse and favorable cow survival environments. | The objective of this study was to determine the extent that genetic selection can help reduce dairy cow mortality and early lactation culling in adverse cow survival environments. Two datasets were constructed. The first contained 100,911 mortality records and 171,178 sixty-day culling records from 1467 herds. Cows that left the herd (culled or died) from 21 days prior to a due date through 60 days in milk were considered a 60-day cull. Cows were classified as belonging to herds with adverse co ... | 2012 | 21993276 |
| environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in endemically infected dairy herds. | environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is thought to be one of the primary sources of infection for dairy cattle. the exact link between fecal shedding of map by individual cows and environmental contamination levels at the herd level was explored with a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinally collected samples on 3 dairy farms. composite samples from multiple environmental sites in 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast us were cultured quarterl ... | 2011 | 21775002 |
| environmental and economic comparisons of manure application methods in farming systems. | alternative methods for applying livestock manure to no-till soils involve environmental and economic trade-offs. a process-level farm simulation model (integrated farm system model) was used to evaluate methods for applying liquid dairy (bos taurus l.) and swine (sus scrofa l.) manure, including no application, broadcast spreading with and without incorporation by tillage, band application with soil aeration, and shallow disk injection. the model predicted ammonia emissions, nitrate leaching, a ... | 2011 | 21520751 |
| heritability of gross feed efficiency and associations with yield, intake, residual intake, body weight, and body condition score in 11 commercial pennsylvania tie stalls. | the objectives of this study were to calculate the heritability of feed efficiency and residual feed intake, and examine the relationships between feed efficiency and other traits of productive and economic importance. intake and body measurement data were collected monthly on 970 cows in 11 tie-stall herds for 6 consecutive mo. measures of efficiency for this study were: dry matter intake efficiency (dmie), defined as 305-d fat-corrected milk (fcm)/305-d dmi, net energy for lactation efficiency ... | 2011 | 21427002 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of mycoplasma bovis isolates from the pennsylvania animal diagnostic laboratory showing genetic diversity. | we have examined the genetic variability of mycoplasma bovis strains submitted to the pennsylvania animal diagnostics laboratory, university park (pa-adl), between december 2007 and december 2008. of 4,868 total samples submitted for mycoplasma testing, 302 were determined to be culture positive. mycoplasma bovis (63.6%), mycoplasma californicum (7.3%), mycoplasma bovirhinis (2.7%), mycoplasma bovigenitalium (0.7%), mycoplasma alkalescens (4.9%), mycoplasma putrefaciens (0.3%), and mycoplasma di ... | 2011 | 21426978 |
| evaluation of calf milk pasteurization systems on 6 pennsylvania dairy farms. | waste milk has been fed to calves for many years, but concerns with bacterial contamination as well as possible transmission of diseases have discouraged widespread use of this feed. pasteurization of waste milk is one option to reduce management risk while utilizing a valuable, low-cost, liquid feed source for calves. however, many farms currently pasteurizing waste milk lack a system to adequately monitor the efficiency of the process. a study was carried out to evaluate 6 on-farm pasteurizati ... | 2010 | 20965367 |
| correlation between herrold egg yolk medium culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in pooled fecal and environmental samples. | real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) testing for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in fecal samples is a rapid alternative to culture on herrold egg yolk medium (heym), the traditional antemortem reference test for map. although the sensitivity and specificity of these 2 tests have been estimated based on dichotomized test results, the correlation between real-time qpcr threshold cycle (ct) values and colony-forming units (cfu) on heym for fresh and thawed ... | 2010 | 20807920 |
| trends in the northeast dairy industry: large-scale modern confinement feeding and management-intensive grazing. | this paper provides a summary of results from a recent survey of 987 dairy farmers in 4 northeastern us states. the survey results provide descriptive characteristics of the current state of dairy farming in the region, as well as farmer satisfaction levels, concerns, and plans for the future of their farming operations. the paper analyses characteristics of two increasingly important dairy production systems used in the northeast. averages from across the survey states (maryland, pennsylvania, ... | 2010 | 20338456 |
| the genetic relationship of body weight and early-lactation health disorders in two experimental herds. | the objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for body weight (bw) and bw change (bwc) and genetic correlations of bw and bwc with diseases and genomic predicted transmitting abilities (pta) of productive and conformation traits of holsteins during the first 120 dim. daily bw data were from the afiweigh cow body weighing system (sae afikim, kibbutz afikim, israel), which records bw as a cow exits the milking parlor. disease categories included metabolic diseases, ketosis, infe ... | 2010 | 20172239 |
| extended-spectrum and cmy-type beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in clinical samples and retail meat from pittsburgh, usa and seville, spain. | infections due to escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or cmy-type beta-lactamase (cmy) are increasingly observed in non-hospitalized patients. the origin of these organisms is uncertain, but retail meat contaminated with e. coli may be a source. in the present study, clinical information and strains collected from patients infected or colonized with esbl-producing and cmy-producing e. coli at hospitals in pittsburgh, usa and seville, spain were investigated. retail ... | 2010 | 19681957 |
| genotypic diversity of escherichia coli in a dairy farm. | dairy cattle are known reservoirs of pathogenic escherichia coli, but little is known about the dynamics of e. coli in dairy cows or within the dairy farm environment. this study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of e. coli strains in a dairy farm using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and to determine the relationships between e. coli isolated from feces and throughout the farm environment. water from watering troughs, feces from cows, manure composites, milk, and milk fi ... | 2009 | 19459756 |
| assessing the potential impact of salmonella vaccines in an endemically infected dairy herd. | salmonella spp. in cattle contribute to bacterial foodborne disease for humans. reduction of salmonella prevalence in herds is important to prevent human salmonella infections. typical control measures are culling of infectious animals, vaccination, and improved hygiene management. vaccines have been developed for controlling salmonella transmission in dairy herds; however, these vaccines are imperfect and a variety of vaccine effects on susceptibility, infectiousness, salmonella shedding level, ... | 2009 | 19446567 |
| a whole genome association analysis identifies loci associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status in us holstein cattle. | the purpose of this study was to identify loci associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status in us holsteins using the illumina bovinesnp50 beadchip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. two hundred forty-five cows from dairies in new york, pennsylvania and vermont enrolled in longitudinal herd studies between january 1999 and november 2007 were assessed for the presence of map in both faecal and tissue samples. an animal was considered ... | 2009 | 19422364 |
| mortality, culling by sixty days in milk, and production profiles in high- and low-survival pennsylvania herds. | the objectives were to describe culling patterns and reasons for culling across lactation, estimate mortality and the proportion of cows leaving from 21 d before an expected calving date through 60 d in milk (dim; cull60) for pennsylvania (pa) dairy herds, and to describe production measures for herds with high and low mortality and cull60. weekly culling frequencies and reasons for culling from 3 wk before a reported expected calving date through >or= 100 wk of lactation were calculated for all ... | 2008 | 19038939 |
| a survey of bacteriological quality and the occurrence of salmonella in raw bovine colostrum. | in recent years, bovine colostrum has gained popularity as a human food because it is an excellent source of bioactive proteins, which have been claimed to inhibit viral and bacterial pathogens, improve gastrointestinal health, and enhance body condition. a study was conducted to determine bacteriological quality and occurrence of salmonella in colostrum collected from dairy herds (n = 55) in pennsylvania. colostrum samples were analyzed for standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, la ... | 2008 | 18991543 |
| contamination of fresh and ensiled maize by multiple penicillium mycotoxins. | toxins produced by penicillium species are reported in maize silage and have been associated with health problems in cattle. our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence and dynamics of patulin (pat), mycophenolic acid (mpa), cyclopiazonic acid (cpa), and roquefortine c (roc) in fresh and ensiled maize. to achieve these objectives we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry to detect all four toxins simultaneously in silage. in addition we collec ... | 2008 | 18944084 |
| rotavirus vaccination coverage and adherence to the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip)-recommended vaccination schedule--united states, february 2006-may 2007. | worldwide, rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children aged <5 years. in february 2006, a new human-bovine rotavirus vaccine, rotateq (merck & co., inc., whitehouse station, new jersey), was recommended by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) for routine vaccination of u.s. infants. three doses of rotateq are recommended at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. the first dose should be administered between ages 6 and 12 weeks, and vaccination should not be initiate ... | 2008 | 18418345 |
| pilot studies of estrogen-related physical findings in infants. | soy formula containing estrogenic isoflavones is widely used in the united states. infants consuming soy formula exclusively have high isoflavone exposures. we wanted to study whether soy formula prolonged the physiologic estrogenization of newborns, but available quantitative descriptions of the natural history of breast and genital development are inadequate for study design. | 2008 | 18335112 |
| longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro in a u.s. dairy herd. | salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. many of the over 2500 known serotypes of salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. this study describes the course of a salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on ... | 2007 | 18041954 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi in mature dairy cattle on farms in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from mature milking cows on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 24 of 541 cows examined (4.4%) and on 12 of 14 farms. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably from farm to farm, with the lowest prevalence (2.3%) on fl-2 and the highest prevalence (12.5%) on vt-2. none of the cows exhibited signs of diarrhea. all ... | 2007 | 17899197 |
| real-time multiplex pcr assay for rapid detection and toxintyping of clostridium perfringens toxin producing strains in feces of dairy cattle. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium associated with a wide variety of diseases in domestic animals and humans. we have developed dual-labeled fluorescence hybridization probe (taqman((r)))-based real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection of toxin genes alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), iota (ia), epsilon (etx), beta2 (cpb2) and enterotoxin (cpe) of c. perfringens directly from cattle feces. the assay was standardized using atcc reference strains of c. perfring ... | 2008 | 17890052 |
| transmission parameters of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in a dairy herd going through a control program. | a johne's disease control program, including stringent management practices and a test-and-cull program (whole-herd fecal-samples taken twice a year), was implemented on a medium-sized pennsylvania dairy farm that was suffering losses from clinical johne's disease. the data that emerged from the control program, combined with birthdates, culling dates, lactation information and pedigrees, yielded an extensive longitudinal dataset. the dataset was processed through sas 9.1 for statistical analysi ... | 2008 | 17868937 |
| a survey of bovine colostrum composition and colostrum management practices on pennsylvania dairy farms. | colostrum composition and management were surveyed via sample and data collection from 55 dairy farms in pennsylvania. colostrum samples were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, total solids, ash, ig, lactoferrin, water- and fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals. mean percentages of fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum were 6.7, 14.9, and 2.5, respectively. concentrations of igg1, igg2, iga, igm, and lactoferrin were 35.0, 6.0, 1.7, 4.3, and 0.8 mg/ml, respectively. mean concentrations of fat-sol ... | 2007 | 17699028 |
| organic dairy production systems in pennsylvania: a case study evaluation. | the current market demand and price for organic milk is encouraging dairy producers, particularly those on smaller farms, to consider organic production as a means for improving the economic viability of their operations. organic production systems vary widely in scale, in practices, and across agroclimatic settings. within this context, case studies of 4 actual organic dairy farms were used to characterize existing systems in pennsylvania. based on data from these farms, a whole-farm simulation ... | 2007 | 17639008 |
| failure to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus in necropsied farm-raised white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in pennsylvania. | between january 1 and december 31, 2005 gross and histologic examinations were performed on carcasses of 61 farm-raised white-tailed deer originating from pennsylvania. single-tube real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time rt-pcr) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) and type 2 (bvdv-2) was performed on each animal. virus isolation was performed on tissue samples from 25 of 61 animals. immunohistochemical (ihc) staining of ear-notch skin to ... | 2007 | 17459862 |
| characterization of rupture of abdominal artery aneurysm in dairy cattle. | in this retrospective study, the authors describe the gross and histologic changes associated with rupture of an abdominal artery aneurysm in 33 mature female holstein cattle between january 1980 and june 2005 from 29 farms in upstate new york and northern pennsylvania. over this period, there was an increase in the number of cases submitted for necropsy per year, and a seasonal trend did not exist. affected animals ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 years of age. grossly affected cattle exhibited marked he ... | 2007 | 17459856 |
| a mathematical model of the dynamics of salmonella cerro infection in a us dairy herd. | we developed a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of salmonella to describe an outbreak of s. cerro infection that occurred in a pennsylvania dairy herd. the data were collected as part of a cooperative research project between the regional dairy quality management alliance and the agricultural research service. after the initial detection of a high prevalence of s. cerro infection in the herd, a frequent and intensive sampling was conducted and the outbreak was followed for 1 year. ... | 2008 | 17445313 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in mature dairy cattle on farms in eastern united states compared with younger cattle from the same locations. | feces collected from 541 milking cows on two dairy farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts. oocysts were concentrated from 15 g of feces from each cow and dna was extracted. a two-step nested pcr protocol was used to amplify an 830 base pair fragment of the ssurrna gene. pcr-positive products were purified and sequenced. pcr-positive findings were obtained from cows in all seven state ... | 2007 | 17287086 |
| survey of management practices on reproductive performance of dairy cattle on large us commercial farms. | a survey regarding general management, sire selection, reproductive management, inseminator training and technique, heat abatement, body condition scoring, facility design and grouping, nutrition, employee training and management, and animal health and bio-security was carried out from march to september of 2004 in 153 herds in the alta genetics (watertown, wi) advantage progeny testing program. a total of 103 herds (67.3%) completed the survey. herd size was 613 +/- 46 cows, with herds located ... | 2006 | 17106104 |
| how healthy are clones and their progeny: 5 years of field experience. | there is considerable concern regarding the health of cloned cattle and their safety as a source of food. the objective was to summarize 5 years of commercial experience with cloning in three countries (united states, argentina and brazil). overall, only 9% of transferred embryos resulted in calves; efficiency ranged from 0 to 45% (most were from 1 to 10%, but 24% of cell lines never produced live calves). there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate following transfer of one versus two ... | 2007 | 17067665 |
| efficacy of training in theriogenology as determined by a survey of veterinarians. | to determine whether veterinarians perceive that theriogenology training at veterinary medical schools in north america and the caribbean is adequate for achievement of theriogenology skills commonly used in private practice. | 2006 | 16910848 |
| molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. | healthy calves (n = 96, 1 to 9 weeks old) from a dairy herd in central pennsylvania were examined each month over a five-month period for fecal shedding of ceftiofur-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates (n = 122) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance (disk diffusion and mic), serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes, beta-lactamase genes, and virulence genes. antibiotic disk diffusion assays showed that the isolates were resistant to ... | 2006 | 16751500 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in 1-2 year old dairy cattle. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in 12-24 month old dairy heifers, fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation, were subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. prevalence of giardia infection, ranged from 11% to 75% on 14 farms with an average prevalence of 36% (204 positive cattle out of 571 ex ... | 2006 | 16647818 |
| slaughterhouse survey of pyelonephritis in dairy cows. | twenty-one rejected kidneys from 2426 slaughtered dairy cows (0.87 per cent) had gross signs of pyelonephritis that were confirmed by histopathology. in all the kidneys the findings were consistent with a chronic rather than an acute infection. one species of bacteria was cultured from 12 of the kidneys and two species of bacteria were cultured from six. the most commonly isolated bacteria were escherichia coli, from eight kidneys, arcanobacterium pyogenes, from seven kidneys and corynebacterium ... | 2005 | 16299366 |
| effect of manure on escherichia coli attachment to soil. | attachment of bacteria to soil is an important component of bacterial fate and transport. escherichia coli are commonly used as indicators of fecal contamination in the environment. despite the fact that e. coli are derived exclusively from feces or manure, effect of the presence of manure colloids on bacteria attachment to agricultural soils was never directly studied. the objective of this work was to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of manure on e. coli attachment to soil. escherichia col ... | 2005 | 16221829 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 12-24-month-old dairy heifers on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. pcr positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 131 of 571 heifers examined (23%) and on all the farms visited. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably across farms, with the lowest prevalence (4.7%) on md-2 and the highest prevalence (37.8%) on ny-2. all pcr positive specimens that amplified the its region as we ... | 2005 | 16167161 |
| steroid hydroxylations: a paradigm for cytochrome p450 catalyzed mammalian monooxygenation reactions. | the present article reviews the history of research on the hydroxylation of steroid hormones as catalyzed by enzymes present in mammalian tissues. the report describes how studies of steroid hormone synthesis have played a central role in the discovery of the monooxygenase functions of the cytochrome p450s. studies of steroid hydroxylation reactions can be credited with showing that: (a) the adrenal mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the 11beta-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone was the first mam ... | 2005 | 16143297 |
| economic and environmental feasibility of a perennial cow dairy farm. | more efficient and economical production systems are needed to improve the sustainability of dairy farms. one concept to consider is using perennial cows. perennial cows are those that maintain a relatively high milk production for >or=2 yr without going through the typical dry period followed by calving. farm records show that some cows have produced over 20 kg/d after 4 yr of continuous lactation. a farm simulation model was used to evaluate the long-term performance, environmental impact, and ... | 2005 | 16027215 |
| a survey on antibiotic usage in dairy herds in pennsylvania. | a survey was conducted (july 2001 to june 2002) on antibiotic usage of 113 dairy herds from 13 counties in pennsylvania. fifty percent of dairy farms surveyed maintained antibiotic treatment records. only 21% of dairy producers had written plans for treating sick animals. thirty-two percent of dairy producers sought veterinarian advice before administering antibiotics and on most farms (93%), antibiotics were administered by the owner/manager or designated herdsman. twenty-four percent of the da ... | 2005 | 16027213 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in post-weaned dairy calves, fecal specimens were collected from 3 to 11-month-old dairy calves per farm on two farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. overall, pcr provided more sensitive detec ... | 2005 | 15925721 |
| fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by dairy cows. | between 1982 and 2000, fecal samples were obtained from 786 cows that were shedding mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). these cows were resident on 93 pennsylvania dairies (mean herd size, 64 milk cows) that had no or minimal previous testing for map. feces were cultured on four tubes of herrold's egg yolk medium and the distribution of mean map colony forming units (cfu) was evaluated. most cows were light (< 10 cfu/tube, 51.4%) or high (> 50 cfu/tube, 30.8%) fecal shedders with ... | 2005 | 15863285 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy and creutzfeldt-jakob disease: background and implications for nursing practice. | creutzfeldt-jakob disease belongs to a group of rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disorders. several cases of iatrogenic creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) have been reported in the literature after neurosurgery and corneal grafting. the total number of people affected by cjd is unknown at this time, and it will remain unknown for some time to come. high infectious risks classification includes the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) prions are resistan ... | 2004 | 15693468 |
| prevalence of giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves, fecal samples were collected from a minimum of 18, 1-7-week-old dairy calves per farm on two farms each in the states of vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. samples cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and gene sequence analysis. prevalence by p ... | 2004 | 15381298 |
| guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk somatic cell and bacterial counts. | this study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk somatic cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. one hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. the 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank somatic cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate c ... | 2004 | 15377636 |
| can we identify key characteristics associated with grazing-management dairy systems from survey data? | discriminant analysis was used to identify farms using confinement and grazing-production systems from mail survey data of 2074 dairy farmers in pennsylvania, vermont, virginia, and north carolina. survey respondents included 45.1% of the farms using confinement management; 13.5% of farms practicing intensive grazing, defined as moving cows to new pasture at least every 3 d; and 41.4% of farms using nonintensive grazing. farmers using confinement management had significantly more cows, higher mi ... | 2004 | 15328301 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium infection from milk contaminated after pasteurization. | an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections occurred in pennsylvania and new jersey. a case-control study implicated pasteurized milk from a dairy, and an inspection indicated the potential for contamination after pasteurization. dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of salmonella transmission to humans. | 2004 | 15200835 |
| prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six states were found positive for enterocytozoon bieneusi by pcr and dna sequence analysis. based on gene sequence data this genotype of e. bieneusi found in post-weaned calves was 100% identical to that found ... | 2004 | 15170566 |
| molecular characterization of enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle indicates that only some isolates have zoonotic potential. | in this study, 338 fecal samples were analyzed for enterocytozoon bieneusi from cattle farms in florida, maryland, michigan, new york, north carolina, pennsylvania, virginia, and portugal. the internal transcribed spacer region (392 bp) of the rrna gene of e. bieneusi was amplified using a nested pcr protocol. thirty-two e. bieneusi-pcr positive samples were sequenced. a high degree of genetic polymorphism, represented by five distinct genotypes (beb1-beb5), was found among the e. bieneusi isola ... | 2004 | 14727187 |
| reasons for disposal of pennsylvania holstein cattle. | 1965 | 14282456 | |
| immunity from liability--when does it apply? | 2003 | 12971045 | |
| an assessment of ammonia emissions from dairy facilities in pennsylvania. | a survey of 715 holstein dairy farms in pennsylvania was used to construct demographics for the average holstein dairy farm. the average holstein dairy farm was composed of 69 lactating cows; 11 nonlactating, pregnant cows; 44 heifers; and 18 calves. milk production averaged 27.3 kg (60.0 lb). crop area averaged 73.6 ha. milk production, crop area and type, average county yields, and herd animal groups were used to construct a typical feeding program for these farms. typical rations were constru ... | 2001 | 12805875 |
| first detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in north america. | fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. microscopic examination revealed no spores. pcr using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves ... | 2003 | 12739131 |
| dairy owners charged with milking customers. | 2002 | 12523300 | |
| molecular characterization of cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport isolates from animals in pennsylvania. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella enterica serotype newport have been described for many years. however, the recognition of newport strains with resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics is more recent. plasmid-mediated cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamases have been identified in salmonella in the united states, and the bla(cmy-2) gene has been shown to be present in salmonella serotype newport. this organism is currently undergoing epidemic spread in both animals and humans in the united stat ... | 2002 | 12454172 |
| sensitivity of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds. | to evaluate sensitivities at the herd level of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program (vjdhsp) and alternative test strategies for detecting dairy cattle herds infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 2002 | 12420786 |
| q fever--california, georgia, pennsylvania, and tennessee, 2000-2001. | q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium coxiella burnetii. the most common reservoirs are domesticated ruminants, primarily cattle, sheep, and goats. humans acquire q fever typically by inhaling aerosols or contaminated dusts derived from infected animals or animal products. its highly infectious nature and aerosol route of transmission make c. burnetii a possible agent of bioterrorism. although up to 60% of initial infections are asymptomatic, acute disease can manifest as a relat ... | 2002 | 12403408 |
| serologic survey of cattle in the northeastern and north central united states, virginia, alaska, and hawaii for antibodies to cache valley and antigenically related viruses (bunyamwera serogroup virus). | bovine sera from northeastern states (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new york, pennsylvania, vermont, and west virginia), north central states (indiana, illinois, iowa, kentucky, michigan, minnesota, north dakota, ohio, south dakota, and wisconsin), virginia, alaska, and hawaii were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to cache valley (cv), lokern (lk), main drain (md), northway (nw), and tensaw (ts) viruses. microneutralization tests were performed using ... | 2002 | 12363055 |
| an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. | outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. we describe an outbreak among visitors to a pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. | 2002 | 12192014 |
| outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport--united states, january-april 2002. | during january-april 2002, salmonella serotype newport was isolated from 47 persons in five states: new york (34 cases), michigan (five), pennsylvania (four), ohio (two), and connecticut (two). antimicrobial-susceptibility testing of three isolates by cdc revealed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. in addition, two of three isolates were resistant to kanamycin; two had decreased ... | 2002 | 12118534 |
| a simulation of johne's disease control. | a dynamic and stochastic simulation model (the "johnessim model") was developed to evaluate the economic and epidemiological effects of different strategies for control of paratuberculosis in dairy herds. animals occupy one of the six defined infection states; the spread of johne's disease is modeled with five infection routes. many different dairy farm situations can be simulated. control strategies that can be simulated are: (1) test-and-cull; (2) calf hygiene management; (3) vaccination and ( ... | 2002 | 12114011 |
| therapeutic thrombin injection of pseudoaneurysms: a multicenter experience. | the standard non-invasive treatment of pseudoaneurysms has been ultrasound-guided compression (ugc). problems with ugc include pain at the site of compression, long compression times and incomplete closure. each of these difficulties is exacerbated with large pseudoaneurysms. recently, ultrasound-guided injection of pseudoaneurysms with thrombin has gained popularity. the goal of this study was to report a multicenter registry using this technique and in so doing detail the clinical utility and ... | 2001 | 11958390 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to neospora caninum in raccoons, procyon lotor. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neonatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. dogs are the only proven definitive host. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in wildlife. sera from 99 raccoons (procyon lotor) were examined for agglutinating antibodies to n. caninum using the modified agglutination test employing formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. raccoons originated in florida (n = 24, collected in 1996), new jersey (n ... | 2001 | 11695399 |
| gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in the northeastern us: results of a producer survey. | a questionnaire covering management practices and producer perception of the effects of gastrointestinal nematode infections was sent to dairy and beef producers in the northeastern us. the mailing list was derived from membership in grazing groups and attendance at grazing events. a final total of 474 responses were suitable for analyses. these responses covered 14 states, but for the purpose of analysis were broken into five groups: new england (ne), vermont (vt), new york (ny), pennsylvania ( ... | 2001 | 11587831 |
| overview of progeny-test programs of artificial-insemination organizations in the united states. | characteristics of progeny-test (pt) programs of artificial insemination (ai) organizations in the united states were examined for changes since 1960. mean number of bulls that were progeny tested annually by major ai organizations during the mid 1990s was 11 for ayrshires, 24 for brown swiss, 21 for guernseys, 1261 for holsteins, 112 for jerseys, and 3 for milking shorthorns. mean parent age at progeny-test (pt) bull birth decreased except for milking shorthorns; mean age of maternal grandsire ... | 2001 | 11518316 |
| a survey of dairy farming in pennsylvania: nutrient management practices and implications. | a survey was conducted to collect information on nutrient management practices on dairy farms in south-central pennsylvania. of the 994 responding farms, the average farm consisted of 64 lactating cows, 10 dry cows, 41 heifers, and 17 calves with 69.7 ha of tillable land. manure from lactating cows was mainly collected on a daily basis (84% of the farms) and stored as slurry or liquid (73%), while dry cow and heifer manure was collected weekly or less frequently (69 and 85% of the farms) and sto ... | 2001 | 11352174 |
| outbreaks of clinical mastitis caused by trichosporon beigelii in dairy herds. | trichosporon beigelii is widely distributed in nature and is classically associated with white piedra, a mycosis that may involve the hair of the human body. intramammary infections caused by t beigelii may be fatal in cows; the prevalence in affected dairy herds may be high. affected cows may have hyperthermia, swelling of the udder, and substantially decreased milk production or agalactia. intramammary infections caused by yeast, including t beigelii, may also be associated with high bacterial ... | 2001 | 11195831 |
| optimization of dairy heifer management decisions based on production conditions of pennsylvania. | we used a dynamic programming model to determine optimum rearing decisions of dairy replacements. heifers were described in the model by age, season, body weight, pregnancy state, and prepubertal growth rate. prices and parameters were chosen to represent the dairy population of pennsylvania. we calculated monthly costs and revenues from calf value, feed costs, veterinary costs, semen costs, carcass value, and full-grown heifer value. the model considered a stochastic variation in the onset of p ... | 2000 | 11003228 |
| differentiated dairy grazing intensity in the northeast. | as the dairy industry in the northeast experienced difficult economic conditions in the 1990s, grazing was increasingly viewed as an option for feeding dairy cattle. this analysis used a large sample of dairy farms randomly drawn from three states (pennsylvania, vermont, and virginia) in early 1997 to compare important aspects of the farming operations for four distinct grazing systems: continuous, traditional, moderately intensive, and intensive. farmers who used intensive grazing tended to be ... | 2000 | 10791801 |
| environmental and geographical factors contributing to watershed contamination with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. | cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne parasite which infects cattle and produces life-threatening zoonosis in people with impaired immune systems. digital maps of 100-year floodplain boundaries, land use/cover, and livestock operations were used to select and characterize cattle farms in the floodplain area in lancaster county, pennsylvania, u.s.a. over 21% of the cattle farms were located within 100-year floodplain boundaries. on average, a single farm comprised 12.8 ha of pasture (including b ... | 2000 | 10702335 |
| optimized dairy grazing systems in the northeast united states and new zealand. i. model description and evaluation. | parallels exist in the recent developments of dairy systems in the northeast united states and new zealand because of greater use of pasture grazing and feed supplements, respectively. lessons can be learned from each system. however, major differences exist between the regions in the patterns of pasture production, the costs of supplementary feed, and milk prices. these differences affect the optimum use of feed. in this paper, a linear programming model developed to determine optimum feeding s ... | 1999 | 10480106 |
| development of the nimbus/university of pittsburgh innovative ventricular assist system. | nimbus inc, and the university of pittsburgh's mcgowan center for artificial organ development have been collaborators on rotary blood pump technology initiatives since 1992. currently, a major focus is an innovative ventricular assist system (ivas) that features an implantable, electrically powered axial flow blood pump. in addition to the blood pump, a major development item is the electronic controller and the control algorithm for modulating pump speed in response to varying physical demand. | 1999 | 10475490 |
| salmonella enterica serotype dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype dublin (s. enterica dublin) emerged for the first time in new york, pennsylvania, and ohio in 1988. since that time this host-adapted serotype has spread throughout the veal- and dairy beef-raising operations in the region; very few dairy farms have experienced clinical s. enterica dublin infections. this study details the epidemiology of the outbreaks in cattle. during the period 1988 through 1995, nine new york and four pennsylvania counties hav ... | 1999 | 10405378 |
| the availability of state-level data on interstate cattle movements in the united states. | knowledge about the patterns of animal movement--particularly feeder-cattle movement--within the usa is necessary in order to anticipate how diseases might be spread geographically. this study was conducted to explore the availability of interstate-level movement data which might be used to develop a more coherent national picture of interstate feeder-cattle movement. state statistical offices of the national agricultural statistics service, 1996 (nass) and departments of agriculture in all 50 s ... | 1998 | 9879593 |
| profitability of moderate intensive grazing of diary cows in the northeast. | empirical analysis of the profitability of moderate grazing are presented based on sample dairy farms in pennsylvania and new york. net income per cow was higher for dairy farms that employed moderate intensive grazing than for dairy farms that employed extensive grazing. income appeared to be adequate for family living expenses, but moderate intensive grazing could not be considered a high profit system. detailed analyses of dairy farms that employed moderate and extensive grazing in northern p ... | 1998 | 9565887 |
| neosporosis-associated bovine abortion in pennsylvania. | neospora caninum was found in fetal tissues of 34 of 688 cases of bovine abortion submitted to the pennsylvania animal diagnostic laboratory system during the period from may 1994 to november 1996. the aborted fetuses ranged in gestational age from 3 to 8 months. microscopic lesions consisted primarily of encephalitis and myocarditis. a labeled (strept) avidin-biotin staining procedure using anti-n. caninum polyclonal rabbit serum revealed n. caninum organisms within the fetal brain (27 of 27), ... | 1998 | 9561715 |
| effects of season, herd size, and geographic region on the composition and quality of milk in the northeast. | our objectives were to describe the milkshed comprising herds in new york, western new jersey, and central and eastern pennsylvania in regard to milk yield, composition, and quality and also to estimate the effects of season, herd size, and geographic area on those same variables. data were collected from july 1993 through june 1994 from 3450 herds. the effect of a somatic cell count (scc) limit of 500,000/ml on milk yield and the composition of monthly bulk tank milk for all marketed milk was e ... | 1997 | 9406097 |
| bovine mastitis pathogens in new york and pennsylvania: prevalence and effects on somatic cell count and milk production. | milk samples were collected from 108,312 dairy cows during 1601 farm visits made between january 1991 and june 1995. the herd visits were made by personnel from the central laboratory of the quality milk promotion services at cornell university (ithaca, ny) to farms located in central new york and northern pennsylvania. dairy herd improvement association records were available for 32,978 cows in 327 herds. intramammary infections, as defined by positive milk cultures, were present in 48.5% of al ... | 1997 | 9361234 |
| genotypic and phenotypic diversity of streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from clinical and subclinical cases of bovine mastitis. | this study was conducted to characterize streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. one hundred strains from 100 dairy herds in denmark, 29 strains from 29 dairy herds in pennsylvania, usa, 7 reference strains and 18 strains consisting of 9 paired strains from 9 quarters were investigated using biotyping (utilization of tagatose and sorbitol) and hindiii ribotyping. four different biotypes were observed. only 34 of the 100 danish strains utilized either tagatose or sorbit ... | 1996 | 9008342 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995. | in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ... | 1996 | 8960176 |
| questions results of dairy production medicine certificate program. | 1996 | 8921017 | |
| evaluation of the results of a survey of dairy producers on dairy herd biosecurity and vaccination against bovine viral diarrhea. | a survey on biosecurity and vaccination practices was sent to 632 dairy producers in pennsylvania to determine the proportion of the approximately 12,500 dairy herds in pennsylvania that might be at risk for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. most producers relied on their veterinarian for vaccination information and vaccine purchases, but administered the vaccine to the cattle themselves. many producers did not vaccinate all susceptible groups of cattle in their herd. also, many produce ... | 1996 | 8899031 |
| age and seasonal effects on holstein yield for four regions of the united states over time. | multiplicative factors to adjust holstein yield for age and season of calving were calculated and analyzed from 20 data files for region and time. regions were 1) california, 2) minnesota and wisconsin, 3) new york and pennsylvania, and 4) six southern states (texas, louisiana, mississippi, alabama, georgia, and florida). time periods were calving years of 1964 to 1968, 1971 to 1975, 1976 to 1980, 1981 to 1985, and 1986 to 1990. the same statistical model was used that had been used to derive cu ... | 1995 | 8786269 |
| health effects of outdoor air pollution. committee of the environmental and occupational health assembly of the american thoracic society. | particles, sox, and acid aerosols are a complex group of distinct pollutants that have common sources and usually covary in concentration. during the past two decades, the chemical characteristics and the geographic distribution of sulfur oxide and particulate pollution have been altered by control strategies, specifically taller stacks for power plants, put in place in response to air pollution regulations adopted in the early 1970s. while the increasing stack heights have lowered local ambient ... | 1996 | 8542133 |
| impact of expenditures for veterinary services and medical supplies on dairy farm productivity and profitability. | the value of the marginal product (vmp) for veterinary services and medical supplies (vetmed), and the profit maximizing level of vetmed were estimated for dairy producers. data from the pennsylvania farmers association-dairy farm business analysis system during the years of 1986 to 1990 were used to evaluate the functional relationship between production and expenditures for vetmed. other input variables examined were man-year equivalents of labor, asset values, value of feed fed, and culling r ... | 1993 | 8428827 |
| initial results of a statewide extension program in calf and heifer management in pennsylvania. | this study was designed to evaluate changes in calf and heifer management in a sample of pennsylvania dairy farms in conjunction with a statewide extension program on dairy replacements. the extension program reached dairy farmers in addition to individuals in agribusiness, veterinarians, and others who have frequent contact with dairy farmers through a multiplicity of information channels. an extensive survey was conducted during the 1st yr of the project on 329 commercial dairy farms throughou ... | 1994 | 8120201 |
| variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for yield traits of holsteins in california, new york, and pennsylvania with an animal model. | an animal model with a reml algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. milk and fat yields were analyzed for first, second, and third lactations of holsteins from california, new york, and pennsylvania. twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from california, 4 from new york, and 6 from pennsylvania. mean number of lactations per sample was 36,820 from 18,189 cows in 156 herds. mean fractions of phenotypic variance of ... | 1995 | 7790587 |
| leads from the mmwr, exposure to a rabid cow--pennsylvania. | 1983 | 6827750 | |
| multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with precooked roast beef--pennsylvania, new york, vermont. | 1981 | 6795438 | |
| multistate outbreak of salmonellosis caused by precooked roast beef. | 1981 | 6790931 | |
| campylobacteriosis associated with raw milk consumption--pennsylvania. | 1983 | 6406823 | |
| exposure to a rabid cow--pennsylvania. | 1983 | 6405193 |