| bovine onchocerciasis in tompkins country, new york. | | 1981 | 7261594 |
| outbreaks of clinical mastitis caused by trichosporon beigelii in dairy herds. | trichosporon beigelii is widely distributed in nature and is classically associated with white piedra, a mycosis that may involve the hair of the human body. intramammary infections caused by t beigelii may be fatal in cows; the prevalence in affected dairy herds may be high. affected cows may have hyperthermia, swelling of the udder, and substantially decreased milk production or agalactia. intramammary infections caused by yeast, including t beigelii, may also be associated with high bacterial ... | 2001 | 11195831 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state. | cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ... | 2001 | 11229905 |
| salmonellosis outbreak at a vermont hospital. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred at a hospital in northern vermont during september 1981. of the 292 hospital employees surveyed, 43 had diarrheal illness; 12 of them had positive cultures for salmonella, serotypes chester, tennessee, or habana. in addition, three individuals who were culture-positive but did not have diarrhea were counted among the cases. illness was related to eating roast beef or cold cuts (p less than .01) in the month of september. one food specimen, an unop ... | 1984 | 6701583 |
| molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants. | to assess automated ribotyping for characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to identify their type prevalence and geographic distribution. | 2001 | 11400842 |
| evaluation of the reveal and safepath rapid escherichia coli o157 detection tests for use on bovine feces and carcasses. | the reveal (neogen corp., lansing, mich.) and safepath (safepath laboratories llc, st. paul, minn.) tests were evaluated for their performance as beef fecal and beef carcass escherichia coli o157:h7 monitoring tests. agreement between these tests and a reference test system was determined using naturally contaminated bovine feces and beef carcasses. the reference system utilized immunomagnetic separation with plating onto cefixime, tellurite, sorbitol macconkey agar, followed by colony testing u ... | 2000 | 10914650 |
| importance of inseminating only cows in estrus. | reproductive efficiency is a key component in successful dairy farm management. a study was initiated to evaluate the incidence and consequences of inseminating dairy cows in the middle of the estrous cycle or while pregnant. in a research herd of 242 holsteins, managed for reproduction under typical farm conditions, milk progesterone (p4) was assayed 3 times per wk for at least 120 d postpartum. the p4 cycle was compared with the estrus detection and breeding records and pregnancy diagnosis 6 w ... | 2000 | 10883851 |
| evaluation of hiv type 1 western blot-indeterminate blood donors for the presence of human or bovine retroviruses. | from 1985 through 1990, 1100 of 500,000 human blood donations in syracuse, new york were repeatedly reactive by elisa for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). nine hundred of the elisa-reactive samples were confirmed as negative by western blot (wb), 40 were confirmed as positive, and the remaining 160 sera were indeterminate, reacting mainly with hiv-1 gag gene products. twenty donors with the most reactive indeterminate wb were selected for follow-up studies. four of ... | 1995 | 7786586 |
| hybridization of clinical escherichia coli isolates from calves and piglets in new york state with gene probes for enterotoxins (stap, stb, lt), shiga-like toxins (slt-1, slt-ii) and adhesion factors (k88, k99, f41, 987p). | six hundred and sixty-six bovine and fifty-seven swine clinical isolates of e. coli from new york state were examined for the presence of enterotoxins (stap, stb, lt, slt-i, and slt-ii) and adhesins (k88, k99, f41, and 987p) using colony hybridization techniques. three hundred and sixty-seven of the bovine isolates (45.2%) hybridized with at least one gene probe. of these, two hundred and twenty-three (33.2%) hybridized with f41, one hundred twelve (16.7%) with k99, eighty-two (12.2%) with 987p, ... | 1994 | 7912467 |
| efficiency and competitiveness of the small new york dairy farm. | many believe that small dairy farms cannot survive because costs of production per cwt of milk are thought to be higher than the cost of production per cwt of milk on larger farms. raw summaries of dairy farm business records in new york are consistent in that smaller dairy farms do have higher average costs of production. however, 1999 data from a group of 314 new york dairy farms were used to model costs of production as frontier or best practice costs with a separate efficiency component acco ... | 2001 | 11768101 |
| resection of aortic arch aneurysms using an external shunt. | surgical treatment of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta had its beginnings in the early 1950s. at that time, thoracic aneurysms were usually due to syphilitic infection and were usually fatal. before the development of the heart-lung machine, it was realized that external shunts could facilitate the repair of these aneurysms. in 1954, dr ralph alley and his colleagues at albany medical center reported 2 patients who had surgical correction of thoracic aortic aneurysms using external vascular shunt ... | 1994 | 8166511 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104a in retail ground beef. | surveillance data of cattle and human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 indicate that this pathogen emerged worldwide in the 1980s, particularly in cattle. studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella typhimurium dt104 in ground beef. samples were also tested for the presence of generic escherichia coli. a total of 404 fresh ground beef samples obtained at retail stores from new york, san francisco, philadelphia, denver, atlanta, houston, and chicago w ... | 2002 | 11848574 |
| salmonella enterica serotype dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype dublin (s. enterica dublin) emerged for the first time in new york, pennsylvania, and ohio in 1988. since that time this host-adapted serotype has spread throughout the veal- and dairy beef-raising operations in the region; very few dairy farms have experienced clinical s. enterica dublin infections. this study details the epidemiology of the outbreaks in cattle. during the period 1988 through 1995, nine new york and four pennsylvania counties hav ... | 1999 | 10405378 |
| outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport--united states, january-april 2002. | during january-april 2002, salmonella serotype newport was isolated from 47 persons in five states: new york (34 cases), michigan (five), pennsylvania (four), ohio (two), and connecticut (two). antimicrobial-susceptibility testing of three isolates by cdc revealed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. in addition, two of three isolates were resistant to kanamycin; two had decreased ... | 2002 | 12118534 |
| health effects of outdoor air pollution. committee of the environmental and occupational health assembly of the american thoracic society. | particles, sox, and acid aerosols are a complex group of distinct pollutants that have common sources and usually covary in concentration. during the past two decades, the chemical characteristics and the geographic distribution of sulfur oxide and particulate pollution have been altered by control strategies, specifically taller stacks for power plants, put in place in response to air pollution regulations adopted in the early 1970s. while the increasing stack heights have lowered local ambient ... | 1996 | 8542133 |
| the association between previous 305-day milk yield and disease in new york state dairy cows. | logistic regression was used to examine the association between milk yield and disease. we studied 8070 cows of second or higher parity from 25 new york state holstein herds, calving between june 1990 and november 1993. previous 305-d mature equivalent milk yield was used because most of the disorders studied occurred too early in lactation for current milk yield to be considered. seven disorders were studied: retained placenta, metritis, ovarian cyst, milk fever, ketosis, abomasal displacement, ... | 1995 | 8786253 |
| the effect of calfhood diseases on growth of female dairy calves during the first 3 months of life in new york state. | our objective was to study the effects of pneumonia (cumulative incidence, 25%), diarrhea (29%), umbilical infection (14%), and umbilical hernia (15%) on bw and height gains during the first 3 mo of life. female dairy calves (n = 410) born from january to december 1990 in 18 commercial herds in new york state were used. average daily gains during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd mo were 374, 596, and 719 g, respectively; average gain was 565 g during the 3-mo period. average monthly height gains during the ... | 1996 | 8827469 |
| experiences with the new york state bovine leukosis virus eradication and certification program. | the diagnostic laboratory at the veterinary college at cornell university has offered a bovine leukosis virus (blv) eradication/ certification program since 1985. the program has been popular with purebred breeders since its inception. recently, many commercial dairymen have also begun participating to reduce the high incidence of clinical leukosis observed in their heavily infected herds. eradication is achieved through a management and testing program designed to meet the needs of each farm. o ... | 1997 | 9071751 |
| the relationship of calfhood morbidity with survival after calving in 25 new york holstein herds. | the association of owner-diagnosed calfhood diseases with the length of herd life after calving was evaluated using data collected prospectively over a ten-year period in 25 new york holstein dairy herds. herds selected for the study were milking between 35 and 200 holstein cows, used dairy herd improvement records, bred cows by artificial insemination unless they needed three or more services, and had regularly-scheduled herd health visits by clinicians from the cornell university college of ve ... | 1997 | 9234450 |
| prevalence of giardia spp. and cryptosporidium spp. on dairy farms in southeastern new york state. | a prevalence study was designed to determine the presence of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in the soil of 37 dairy farms in southeastern new york state. a sampling design was developed and used to collect soil samples from these farms. areas on the farms which were considered to be potential sources of contamination to the environment were evaluated quantitatively using a multidimensional scale. this scale included factors which could have the potential to contribute to the risk of conta ... | 2003 | 12719012 |
| effects of season, herd size, and geographic region on the composition and quality of milk in the northeast. | our objectives were to describe the milkshed comprising herds in new york, western new jersey, and central and eastern pennsylvania in regard to milk yield, composition, and quality and also to estimate the effects of season, herd size, and geographic area on those same variables. data were collected from july 1993 through june 1994 from 3450 herds. the effect of a somatic cell count (scc) limit of 500,000/ml on milk yield and the composition of monthly bulk tank milk for all marketed milk was e ... | 1997 | 9406097 |
| farm factors associated with the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds on the new york state paratuberculosis control program. | an extensive questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 33 herds that were on the new york state paratuberculosis control program, to study farm factors associated with the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds. the results of the last whole herd paratuberculosis fecal culture were used to indicate presence of infection in a herd, with herds having one or more animals positive classified as 'infected'. the average prevalence within herds was 5.2%. fou ... | 1997 | 9443331 |
| an evaluation of the physical examination of dairy cows in new york state. | | 1953 | 13067625 |
| clinical manifestations of ibr in new york state. a case report. | | 1963 | 14043815 |
| infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in new york dairy cattle. | | 1964 | 14193053 |
| serological studies on the incidence of bovine virus diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine myxovirus parainfluenza-3, and leptospira pomona in new york state. | | 1964 | 14193058 |
| differences among appraisers in the new york type appraisal program. | | 1965 | 14285571 |
| molecular characterization of enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle indicates that only some isolates have zoonotic potential. | in this study, 338 fecal samples were analyzed for enterocytozoon bieneusi from cattle farms in florida, maryland, michigan, new york, north carolina, pennsylvania, virginia, and portugal. the internal transcribed spacer region (392 bp) of the rrna gene of e. bieneusi was amplified using a nested pcr protocol. thirty-two e. bieneusi-pcr positive samples were sequenced. a high degree of genetic polymorphism, represented by five distinct genotypes (beb1-beb5), was found among the e. bieneusi isola ... | 2004 | 14727187 |
| radical mastectomy in 20 ruminants. | to describe a surgical technique for radical mastectomy in ruminants and to report experience and outcome in 20 animals. | 2004 | 15104633 |
| profitability of moderate intensive grazing of diary cows in the northeast. | empirical analysis of the profitability of moderate grazing are presented based on sample dairy farms in pennsylvania and new york. net income per cow was higher for dairy farms that employed moderate intensive grazing than for dairy farms that employed extensive grazing. income appeared to be adequate for family living expenses, but moderate intensive grazing could not be considered a high profit system. detailed analyses of dairy farms that employed moderate and extensive grazing in northern p ... | 1998 | 9565887 |
| a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce. | an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in connecticut and illinois during may 28 to june 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. | 1999 | 10448779 |
| prevalence of giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves, fecal samples were collected from a minimum of 18, 1-7-week-old dairy calves per farm on two farms each in the states of vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. samples cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and gene sequence analysis. prevalence by p ... | 2004 | 15381298 |
| genetic parameters for days open and pregnancy rates in us holsteins using different editing criteria. | the influence of various editing criteria for days open (do) records on genetic parameter estimates of do and pregnancy rates (pr) in us holsteins was investigated. data included first parity 305-d milk yield and do records from 8 states: georgia (ga), florida (fl), north carolina (nc), texas (tx), arizona (az), california (ca), new york (ny), and wisconsin (wi). the pregnancy rate was computed as 1/[(do - vwp)/hi + 1)], where vwp was the approximate voluntary waiting period and hi was the heat ... | 2004 | 15545397 |
| the opportunities map at cornell university: finding direction in dairy production medicine. | discussion between faculty and interested students revealed the existence of a multitude of opportunities in dairy production medicine at the college of veterinary medicine at cornell university. many of these were not well known to students, or even to some of the faculty, and the means of accessing specific learning experiences were sometimes obscure. together, an informal group of faculty, students, and alumni set about cataloging available educational opportunities, resulting in a 31-page pu ... | 2004 | 15551234 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2003. | during 2003, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the cdc. this represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. more than 91 (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). the relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons ... | 2004 | 15643834 |
| effect of diseases on the culling of holstein dairy cows in new york state. | the effect of seven diseases on culling was measured in 7523 holstein cows in new york state. the cows were from 14 herds and had calved between january 1, 1994 and december 31, 1994; all cows were followed until september 30, 1995. survival analysis was performed using the cox proportional hazards model to incorporate time-dependent covariates for diseases. different intervals representing stages of lactation were considered for effects of the diseases. five models were fitted to test how milk ... | 1998 | 9594385 |
| measuring the financial risks of new york dairy producers. | the financial risks of a group of new york dairy producers were measured from 1988 through 1997 and were decomposed by source of risk by two procedures. decomposition of the variance suggested major contributors to variability in returns to new york dairy farms were variabilities in purchased feed quantities and milk production; milk price variability contributed substantially less. similarly, decomposing the gini measure of income dispersion indicated that milk revenues and purchased feed expen ... | 2001 | 11233026 |
| holy cow! what's so sacred about cover gowns? | | 1999 | 10538988 |
| risk of infection with cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis in dairy cattle in the new york city watershed. | to determine the risk posed by cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis from dairy cattle in the new york city watershed (nycw). | 2005 | 15822584 |
| characteristics of yersinia enterocolitica and related species isolated from human, animal, and environmental sources. | during a 4-year period, 4,448 human, animal, and environmental samples collected in new york state were tested for the presence of yersinia enterocolitica or related species. a total of 339 isolates were identified as yersinia and characterized according to source, species, biogroup, serogroup, and, in some instances, phage type. four new biogroups of y. intermedia were characterized. of 149 human isolates, 120 (80.5%) were identified as y. enterocolitica, and 29 were identified as either y. int ... | 1981 | 7287887 |
| overview of progeny-test programs of artificial-insemination organizations in the united states. | characteristics of progeny-test (pt) programs of artificial insemination (ai) organizations in the united states were examined for changes since 1960. mean number of bulls that were progeny tested annually by major ai organizations during the mid 1990s was 11 for ayrshires, 24 for brown swiss, 21 for guernseys, 1261 for holsteins, 112 for jerseys, and 3 for milking shorthorns. mean parent age at progeny-test (pt) bull birth decreased except for milking shorthorns; mean age of maternal grandsire ... | 2001 | 11518316 |
| infant feeding practices of families belonging to a prepaid group practice health care plan. | a survey of the infant feeding practices of 270 families who belonged to a prepaid medical insurance program revealed extensive use of commercially prepared infant formulas during the first months of life, introduction of beikost before 3 months of age and introduction of cow milk into the diet at 3 to 5 months. ethnic, as well as socioeconomic differences, were observed in the use of milks and formulas, timing of introduction of beikost, and method of feeding solid foods. average calorie intake ... | 1980 | 7367143 |
| incidence of cryptosporidium parvum in the dairy cattle population in a new york city watershed. | a longitudinal study of 2-year duration was conducted to determine the risk, as measured by incidence rate, of cryptosporidium parvum infection among dairy cattle in the catskill/delaware watershed of new york city (nyc), and the factors that predispose animals to the likelihood of infection. a proportional sampling scheme with follow up at quarterly farm visits was employed for heifers and cows. additionally, all calves born on the 39 study farms were sampled once during the first four weeks of ... | 2005 | 15955631 |
| farm-management and milking practices associated with the presence of listeria monocytogenes in new york state dairy herds. | knowledge of the relationship between dairy herd management and milking practices with the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes on dairy farms might assist in the development of intervention strategies aimed at eliminating this organism at the pre-harvest dairy-food-production level. this paper represents a first step towards that goal. we carried out a cross-sectional study to identify farm factors that were associated with isolation of l. monocytogenes from on-farm in-line milk-filters. data o ... | 2001 | 11530195 |
| herd-level factors associated with isolation of salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms i. salmonella shedding in cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate associations between herd characteristics and the isolation of salmonella from dairy cows in minnesota, wisconsin, michigan, and new york. study farms were 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of salmonella infection. herds were sampled at 2-month intervals over a 1-year period. this is the largest study to date on salmonella shedding in dairy cows and the only study evaluating herd-level risk factors using lon ... | 2005 | 15964089 |
| epidemiologic study of giardia sp. infection in dairy cattle in southeastern new york state. | to identify animal and management factors associated with the risk of giardia sp. infection in dairy cattle in southeastern new york state, an observational analytical epidemiologic study was conducted. a random sample of 2943 animals in 109 dairy herds located in five counties of southeastern new york was selected from the target population. fecal samples were collected from animals in the study population and examined for the presence of giardia sp. using a quantitative centrifugation concentr ... | 2000 | 10729641 |
| a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in new york dairy herds. | as part of our long-term objective of assessing risk for listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. in dairy herds, we carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of the two organisms. the study population consisted of a sample of dairy herds enrolled in the quality milk promotion services at cornell during the period of april 1998 to march 1999. the sample was stratified by geographical region to assure representation. four hundred and four dairy farms were enrolled in the s ... | 2000 | 11104262 |
| gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in the northeastern us: results of a producer survey. | a questionnaire covering management practices and producer perception of the effects of gastrointestinal nematode infections was sent to dairy and beef producers in the northeastern us. the mailing list was derived from membership in grazing groups and attendance at grazing events. a final total of 474 responses were suitable for analyses. these responses covered 14 states, but for the purpose of analysis were broken into five groups: new england (ne), vermont (vt), new york (ny), pennsylvania ( ... | 2001 | 11587831 |
| predictors of dietary milk fat intake by preschool children. | high-fat whole milk is the major dietary source of total and saturated fat for young children. children from low-income families have higher total and saturated fat intakes and their parents have higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared with children from higher income families. we identified factors that predict the use of either high-fat whole milk or low-fat (1% and/or skim) milk by children to facilitate the development of targeted intervention strategies to reduce their dietary fat i ... | 2001 | 11716648 |
| ceftiofur-resistant salmonella strains isolated from dairy farms represent multiple widely distributed subtypes that evolved by independent horizontal gene transfer. | salmonella is the leading cause of known food-borne bacterial infections in the united states, with an incidence rate of approximately 15 cases per 100,000 people. the rise of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella subtypes, including the appearance of subtypes resistant to ceftriaxone, represents a particular concern. ceftriaxone is used to treat invasive cases of salmonella in children and is closely related to ceftiofur, an antibiotic commonly used to treat diseases of cattle. in order to develop ... | 2005 | 16189081 |
| variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for yield traits of holsteins in california, new york, and pennsylvania with an animal model. | an animal model with a reml algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. milk and fat yields were analyzed for first, second, and third lactations of holsteins from california, new york, and pennsylvania. twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from california, 4 from new york, and 6 from pennsylvania. mean number of lactations per sample was 36,820 from 18,189 cows in 156 herds. mean fractions of phenotypic variance of ... | 1995 | 7790587 |
| quantitative risk assessment of cryptosporidium species infection in dairy calves. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan that infects many different mammals including cattle and humans. cryptosporidiosis has become a concern for dairy producers because of the direct losses due to calves not performing well and the potential for environmental contamination with c. parvum. identifying modifiable control points in the dynamics of infection in dairy herds will help identify management strategies that mitigate its risk. the quantitative risk assessment approach provides es ... | 2005 | 16230699 |
| fluid milk vitamin fortification compliance in new york state. | current us regulations, as specified in the pasteurized milk ordinance, require vitamin a fortification of all reduced fat fluid milk products. the addition of vitamin d is optional in all fluid products. acceptable vitamin concentrations in fortified milks are 2000 to 3000 international units per quart for vitamin a and 400 to 600 international units per quart for vitamin d. vitamin a and d levels were analyzed in fortified milk products collected over a 4-yr period in new york state. samples o ... | 2001 | 11814039 |
| survival of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf housing facilities in the new york city watersheds. | pathogen contamination of the public drinking water supply in the new york city watersheds is a serious concern. new york city's watershed agriculture program is working with dairy farms in the watersheds to implement management practices that will reduce the risk of pathogens contaminating the water supply. solar calf housing (sch) was suggested as a best management practice (bmp) to control cryptosporidium parvum, a common protozoan parasite that causes disease in humans. this bmp targets youn ... | 2006 | 16510713 |
| trends in somatic cell counts, bacterial counts, and antibiotic residue violations in new york state during 1999-2000. | milk quality data on a month-by-month basis from march 1999 to december 2000 were studied from five of the largest milk plants operating in new york state. the analyses focused on bulk tank somatic cell count (scc), bacterial counts in the form of plate loop count (plc), and antibiotic residue violations in the pool of milk of new york state, their mutual relation, and the influence of farm size. the average scc was 363,000 cells/ml, the average plc was 24,400 bacteria/ml, and the average number ... | 2002 | 12018423 |
| host-feeding habits of culex and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the borough of queens in new york city, with characters and techniques for identification of culex mosquitoes. | the host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (n = 247) collected in the borough of queens in new york city in july and august 2000 were investigated using an indirect elisa and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-heteroduplex assay. culex pipiens l. and cx. restuans theobald fed primarily on birds, and their feeding habits support their implication as enzootic vectors of west nile virus. culex salinarius coquillett and coquillettidia perturbans (walker) fed mainly on mammals, with fewer blood meals tak ... | 2002 | 12349862 |
| profitability of grazing versus mechanical forage harvesting on new york dairy farms. | the profitability of rotational grazing versus mechanical harvesting of forages was estimated using data from 237 nongrazing and 57 grazing farms participating in the new york farm business summary program in the year 2000. the objective was to perform an empirical comparison of the profitability of grazing versus mechanical forage harvesting systems. a regression analysis technique that controls for treatment selection bias is used to determine the impact of grazing on the rate of return on ass ... | 2002 | 12362454 |
| risk factors associated with cryptosporidium infection on dairy farms in a new york state watershed. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum-like oocyst shedding on dairy farms in a watershed in new york state and to identify the factors that put animals at risk. a proportional sample of dairy herds in the targeted area was obtained, and animals were selected using a stratified sampling design to ensure representation of the population at risk. fecal samples were collected per rectum and analyzed for the presence of c. parvum-like oocysts us ... | 2006 | 17033009 |
| survey of management practices on reproductive performance of dairy cattle on large us commercial farms. | a survey regarding general management, sire selection, reproductive management, inseminator training and technique, heat abatement, body condition scoring, facility design and grouping, nutrition, employee training and management, and animal health and bio-security was carried out from march to september of 2004 in 153 herds in the alta genetics (watertown, wi) advantage progeny testing program. a total of 103 herds (67.3%) completed the survey. herd size was 613 +/- 46 cows, with herds located ... | 2006 | 17106104 |
| factors associated with shedding of cryptosporidium parvum versus cryptosporidium bovis among dairy cattle in new york state. | to isolate and speciate cryptosporidium dna from fecal samples obtained from dairy cattle in new york state and identify factors associated with whether cattle were shedding cryptosporidium parvum versus cryptosporidium bovis. | 2006 | 17107320 |
| serologic survey of cattle in the northeastern and north central united states, virginia, alaska, and hawaii for antibodies to cache valley and antigenically related viruses (bunyamwera serogroup virus). | bovine sera from northeastern states (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new york, pennsylvania, vermont, and west virginia), north central states (indiana, illinois, iowa, kentucky, michigan, minnesota, north dakota, ohio, south dakota, and wisconsin), virginia, alaska, and hawaii were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to cache valley (cv), lokern (lk), main drain (md), northway (nw), and tensaw (ts) viruses. microneutralization tests were performed using ... | 2002 | 12363055 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in mature dairy cattle on farms in eastern united states compared with younger cattle from the same locations. | feces collected from 541 milking cows on two dairy farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts. oocysts were concentrated from 15 g of feces from each cow and dna was extracted. a two-step nested pcr protocol was used to amplify an 830 base pair fragment of the ssurrna gene. pcr-positive products were purified and sequenced. pcr-positive findings were obtained from cows in all seven state ... | 2007 | 17287086 |
| traumatic flexor tendon injuries in 27 cattle. | information for all cattle with a diagnosis of tendon injury entered into the veterinary medical data base (vmdb) was retrieved and selected medical records reviewed. the proportional morbidity rate for tendon disruption was 0.89 cattle/1,000 cattle admissions and 95 of 99 cattle survived. female and dairy cattle had a greater risk of tendon disruption than male or beef cattle, respectively. also, cattle 6 months to 7 years old had a greater risk than cattle younger than 6 months old. complete m ... | 1996 | 8810022 |
| production and feeding strategies for phosphorus management on dairy farms. | long-term accumulation of soil phosphorus (p) is becoming a concern on some watersheds heavily populated with animal feeding facilities, including dairy farms. management changes in crop production and feeding may help reduce the accumulation of excess p, but farm profitability must be maintained or improved to assure adoption of such changes. whole-farm simulation was used to evaluate the long-term effects of changes in feeding, cropping, and other production strategies on p loading and the eco ... | 2002 | 12487482 |
| effect of previous antimicrobial treatment on fecal shedding of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup b in new york dairy herds with recent clinical salmonellosis. | the association of herd- and sample-level factors with the isolation of salmonella group b from cattle fecal samples was analyzed. study farms were 65 dairy herds with a recent history of laboratory-confirmed clinical salmonella infections. herds were visited once per month for three months to collect data and samples for bacteriological culture. herd size varied widely from 34 to 3700 total cattle on the farm (median=370). salmonella serogroup b was isolated from 270 of 2726 samples tested. the ... | 2003 | 12507855 |
| first detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in north america. | fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. microscopic examination revealed no spores. pcr using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves ... | 2003 | 12739131 |
| evaluation of herd sampling for salmonella isolation on midwest and northeast us dairy farms. | epidemiologic investigations of salmonella infections in dairy cattle often rely on testing fecal samples from individual animals or samples from other farm sources to determine herd infection status. the objectives of this project were to evaluate the effect of sampling frequency on salmonella isolation and to compare salmonella isolation and serogroup classification among sample sources on 12 us dairy farms sampled weekly for 7-8 weeks. three herds per state were enrolled from michigan, minnes ... | 2003 | 12900158 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi in mature dairy cattle on farms in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from mature milking cows on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 24 of 541 cows examined (4.4%) and on 12 of 14 farms. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably from farm to farm, with the lowest prevalence (2.3%) on fl-2 and the highest prevalence (12.5%) on vt-2. none of the cows exhibited signs of diarrhea. all ... | 2007 | 17899197 |
| prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six states were found positive for enterocytozoon bieneusi by pcr and dna sequence analysis. based on gene sequence data this genotype of e. bieneusi found in post-weaned calves was 100% identical to that found ... | 2004 | 15170566 |
| cryptosporidium and dairy cattle in the catskill/delaware watershed: a quantitative risk assessment. | we carried out a study to estimate the public health risk posed by dairy cattle located in new york city's catskill/delaware watershed, as measured by daily c. parvum-like oocyst loading. a monte carlo simulation model that takes into account the nature of the dairy cattle population within the target area, age-specific incidence/prevalence rates, as well as differential fecal production and oocyst-shedding intensity rates was used to address the objectives. additionally, the model was designed ... | 2007 | 18093047 |
| environmental effects on conception rates of holsteins in new york and georgia. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the compounded impact on conception rates (cr) of the effects of milk production, service month, and days in milk (dim) by using recent artificial insemination records of holsteins in new york (ny) and georgia (ga). dairy herd improvement records were obtained from dairy records management systems in raleigh, north carolina. after removing records with lactations >1 and uncertain and extreme records (records without a calving or birth date, with days ... | 2008 | 18218770 |
| association between coxiella burnetii shedding in milk and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. | the objective of this research was to explore the potential association between coxiella burnetii shedding in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. in two separate studies, we identified an association between pcr-based detection of c. burnetii in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. these studies were conducted in a commercial dairy herd where there was ongoing intensive monitoring of subclinical mastitis by aerobic bacteriology, but no prior knowledge ... | 2008 | 18252189 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp on conventional and organic dairy farms. | to describe the occurrence of fecal shedding, persistence of shedding over time, and serogroup classification of salmonella spp on a large number of dairy farms of various sizes. | 2004 | 15344365 |
| the us smallpox vaccination program: a review of a large modern era smallpox vaccination implementation program. | we describe the us experience with a large-scale smallpox vaccination program in the modern era and quantify the anticipated and unanticipated local and systemic side-effects of smallpox vaccination. in addition, we review unexpected issues, such as the development of myopericarditis discovered during the implementation of this program. these results constitute the largest dataset of a vaccinia vaccination program utilizing calf-lymph derived new york city board of health strain vaccine (dryvax, ... | 2005 | 15755574 |
| microbiological aspects of the investigation that traced the 1998 outbreak of listeriosis in the united states to contaminated hot dogs and establishment of molecular subtyping-based surveillance for listeria monocytogenes in the pulsenet network. | a multistate outbreak of listeriosis occurred in the united states in 1998 with illness onset dates between august and december. the outbreak caused illness in 108 persons residing in 24 states and caused 14 deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. this outbreak was detected by public health officials in tennessee and new york who observed significant increases over expected listeriosis cases in their states. subsequently, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) began laboratory ... | 2005 | 15872265 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in post-weaned dairy calves, fecal specimens were collected from 3 to 11-month-old dairy calves per farm on two farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. overall, pcr provided more sensitive detec ... | 2005 | 15925721 |
| a whole genome association analysis identifies loci associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status in us holstein cattle. | the purpose of this study was to identify loci associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status in us holsteins using the illumina bovinesnp50 beadchip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. two hundred forty-five cows from dairies in new york, pennsylvania and vermont enrolled in longitudinal herd studies between january 1999 and november 2007 were assessed for the presence of map in both faecal and tissue samples. an animal was considered ... | 2009 | 19422364 |
| exploring economically and environmentally viable northeastern us dairy farm strategies for coping with rising corn grain prices. | in 2008, corn grain prices rose $115/t of dm above the 2005 average. such an increase creates tight marginal profits for small (<100) and medium-sized (100 to 199) dairy farms in the northeastern united states importing corn grain as animal feed supplement. particularly in new york state, dairy farmers are attempting to avoid or minimize profit losses by growing more corn silage and reducing corn grain purchases. this study applies the integrated farm systems model to 1 small and 1 medium-sized ... | 2009 | 19620693 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in foodstuffs collected from three locations from the united states. | the objectives of this study were to provide updated measurements of pbdes in us food, to estimate possible difference in levels from differing geographical regions, and to provide an improved estimate of current dietary intake. | 2010 | 19835901 |
| phosphorus concentrations in overland flow from diverse locations on a new york dairy farm. | the national phosphorus project rainfall simulator was used to quantify overland flow and p transport from nine sites distributed throughout the watershed of a new york city watershed agriculture program collaborating dairy farm. observed concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (tdp) were low (0.007-0.12 mg l(-1)) in flow from deciduous forest, extensively managed pasture, and hillside seeps; moderate (0.18-0.64 mg l(-1)) in flow from intensively managed pastures, a hayfield, and a cow path ... | 2005 | 15942041 |
| herd-level factors associated with isolation of salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms ii. salmonella shedding in calves. | the objective of this study was to evaluate associations between herd-level factors and the isolation of salmonella in calves from dairy farms in minnesota, wisconsin, michigan and new york. study farms were 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of salmonella infection. herds were sampled at 2-month intervals over a 1-year period. salmonella was isolated in fecal samples from 176 (3.8%) of 4673 preweaned calves with 40 (31.0%) of 129 farms having at least ... | 2005 | 15963584 |
| human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis--new york city, 2001-2004. | in march 2004, a u.s.-born boy aged 15 months in new york city (nyc) died of peritoneal tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis infection. m. bovis, a bacterial species of the m. tuberculosis complex, is a pathogen that primarily infects cattle. however, humans also can become infected, most commonly through consumption of unpasteurized milk products from infected cows. in industrialized nations, human tb caused by m. bovis is rare because of milk pasteurization and culling of infected c ... | 2005 | 15973241 |
| effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on herd life in two new york state dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of clinical mastitis (cm) (both with and without specific pathogen identification) occurring in different stages of lactation on length of herd life in two new york state dairy farms. the 2,697 cows in the study were followed for one lactation (the first-occurring one on or after 1 october 1999), until it ended because of a new lactation, culling, or end of study (31 march 2001 in one farm; 31 july 2001 in the other). a cox proportional haz ... | 2005 | 16111778 |
| the effect of clinical outbreaks of salmonellosis on the prevalence of fecal salmonella shedding among dairy cattle in new york. | the objective of this study was to determine if the within-herd prevalence of fecal salmonella shedding is higher in dairy herds with clinical outbreaks of disease, as compared to herds with subclinical infections only. data were collected prospectively from dairy herds throughout new york that had at least 150 lactating cows and that received clinical service from participating veterinarians. after enrollment, salmonella surveillance consisted of both environmental screening and disease monitor ... | 2010 | 20353290 |
| seasonal variation in the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle in the new york city watershed. | we conducted cross-sectional studies in the new york city watershed to ensure a valid estimate of the risk associated with cryptosporidium infection in dairy herds. our aims were to obtain species-specific estimates of the prevalence of cryptosporidium in dairy cattle and to investigate seasonal variations in prevalence. we validated our empirical estimates using a bayesian approach. samples were collected on 32 study farms, once in each of 3 different seasons using an age-stratified sampling de ... | 2010 | 20397026 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of cryptosporidium parvum infection on dairy farms in the new york city watershed: a cluster analysis based on crude and bayesian risk estimates. | cryptosporidium parvum is one of the most important biological contaminants in drinking water that produces life threatening infection in people with compromised immune systems. dairy calves are thought to be the primary source of c. parvum contamination in watersheds. understanding the spatial and temporal variation in the risk of c. parvum infection in dairy cattle is essential for designing cost-effective watershed management strategies to protect drinking water sources. crude and bayesian se ... | 2010 | 20565805 |
| incidence of and risks associated with giardia infections in herds on dairy farms in the new york city watershed. | the primary aims of this study were to determine the incidence of giardia infections in dairy herds on farms in the new york city watershed region and to evaluate risk factors associated with infections. because co-infections of giardia and cryptosporidium spp. are common in this population, we also evaluated the effect of herd infection status on giardia infections. | 2010 | 20565931 |
| correlation between herrold egg yolk medium culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in pooled fecal and environmental samples. | real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) testing for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in fecal samples is a rapid alternative to culture on herrold egg yolk medium (heym), the traditional antemortem reference test for map. although the sensitivity and specificity of these 2 tests have been estimated based on dichotomized test results, the correlation between real-time qpcr threshold cycle (ct) values and colony-forming units (cfu) on heym for fresh and thawed ... | 2010 | 20807920 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 12-24-month-old dairy heifers on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. pcr positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 131 of 571 heifers examined (23%) and on all the farms visited. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably across farms, with the lowest prevalence (4.7%) on md-2 and the highest prevalence (37.8%) on ny-2. all pcr positive specimens that amplified the its region as we ... | 2005 | 16167161 |
| cow-level evaluation of a kinetics elisa with multiple cutoff values to detect fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in new york state dairy cows. | in control programs for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the infection status of the cows in a herd is often obtained by testing (a sample of) the herd with an elisa that may lack some sensitivity and specificity but that is fast and inexpensive. in new york state (nys), an unabsorbed kinetics elisa (kela) has been used extensively for map control. the objective of this study was to determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of the kela for detection of fecal shedding o ... | 2005 | 16169619 |
| long-term dynamics of phosphorus forms and retention in manure-amended soils. | phosphorus (p) leaching from soils with elevated p levels due to manure applications is increasingly becoming a concern as a source of eutrophication of streams and lakes. this study investigates the relationship between organic and inorganic p in soil pools and equilibrium leachate along a chronosequence of poultry and dairy manure additions in new york state. resin-extractable p (molybdate-reactive p, rp) and total soil p reached very high levels of 2330 and 7343 mg of p kg(-1), respectively, ... | 2005 | 16190226 |
| multistate outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with eating ground beef--united states, 2004. | salmonella infections cause an estimated 1.4 million human illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the united states. although the incidence of several other foodborne bacterial infections decreased substantially during 1996-2004, the incidence of salmonella infections declined modestly. in september 2004, the new mexico department of health received reports from the new mexico scientific laboratory division of eight salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates that had indistinguishable pulse ... | 2006 | 16498383 |
| wildlife identified as major source of escherichia coli in agriculturally dominated watersheds by box a1r-derived genetic fingerprints. | the presence of escherichia coli in recreational and potable waters is a major concern to the general public as elevated levels of e. coli suggest the presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. unfortunately, traditional microbial techniques do not allow specific identification of the source of e. coli. this reduces the ability to target management practices that reduce bacterial contamination. in the finger lakes region of western new york, usa, wildlife resides in relatively high densities o ... | 2007 | 16551490 |
| environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in endemically infected dairy herds. | environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is thought to be one of the primary sources of infection for dairy cattle. the exact link between fecal shedding of map by individual cows and environmental contamination levels at the herd level was explored with a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinally collected samples on 3 dairy farms. composite samples from multiple environmental sites in 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast us were cultured quarterl ... | 2011 | 21775002 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in 1-2 year old dairy cattle. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in 12-24 month old dairy heifers, fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation, were subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. prevalence of giardia infection, ranged from 11% to 75% on 14 farms with an average prevalence of 36% (204 positive cattle out of 571 ex ... | 2006 | 16647818 |
| fecal shedding of klebsiella pneumoniae by dairy cows. | klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. wood products are considered to be the main source of klebsiella on dairy farms. environmental hygiene and use of inorganic bedding materials such as sand are recommended to control klebsiella mastitis. however, klebsiella mastitis still occurs on well-managed dairy farms that use sand as bedding material. in a 5-mo study in a new york state dairy herd performed during the summer of 2005, all of 9 samples of unused san ... | 2006 | 16899675 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella on midwest and northeast usa dairy farms. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella isolated from dairy herds in new york, minnesota, michigan, and wisconsin, usa. serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during august 2000-october 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution m ... | 2007 | 17215055 |
| hoofing it: george stubbs at the frick. | | 2007 | 17385252 |
| Evaluation of factors associated with the risk of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves. | Objective-To identify risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves. Animals-108 case animals and 283 control animals. Procedures-Case animals were calves infected with C parvum, and controls were infected with Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 67) or calves not infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Fecal samples were tested via the flotation concentration method for Cryptosporidium spp. Samples were genotyped by sequencing of the 18s rRNA gene. Associations between hos ... | 2012 | 22204291 |
| validation of a mycoplasma molecular diagnostic test and distribution of mycoplasma species in bovine milk among new york state dairy farms. | mycoplasma mastitis is a contagious and costly disease of dairy cattle that significantly affects animal health and milk productivity. mycoplasma bovis is the most prevalent and invasive agent of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cattle, and early detection is critical. other mycoplasma have been isolated from milk; however, the role and prevalence of these species as mastitis pathogens are poorly understood. routine screening of milk for mycoplasma by bacteriological culture is an important componen ... | 2016 | 27016831 |