Publications

the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain.	twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ...	1989	2596902
a forensic str profiling system for the eurasian badger: a framework for developing profiling systems for wildlife species.	developing short tandem repeat (str) profiling systems for forensic identification is complicated in animal species. obtaining a representative number of individuals from populations, limited access to family groups and a lack of developed str markers can make adhering to human forensic guidelines difficult. furthermore, a lack of animal specific guidelines may explain why many wildlife forensic str profiling systems developed to date have not appropriately addressed areas such as marker validat ...	2008	19083789
estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales.	wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ...	2009	19901384
bovine tuberculosis and badgers in britain: relevance of the past.	the european badger (meles meles) has been identified as a wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis and a source of transmission to cattle in britain and ireland. both behavioural ecology and statistical ecological modelling have indicated the long-term persistence of the disease in some badger communities, and this is postulated to account for the high incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle across large tracts of england and wales. this paper questions this consensus by using historical ca ...	2013	23347609
density and abundance of badger social groups in england and wales in 2011-2013.	in the united kingdom, european badgers meles meles are a protected species and an important wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis. we conducted a survey of badger dens (main setts) in 1614 1 km squares across england and wales, between november 2011 and march 2013. using main setts as a proxy for badger social groups, the estimated mean density of badger social groups in england and wales was 0.485 km(-2) (95% confidence interval 0.449-0.521) and the estimated abundance of social groups was ...	2014	24457532
the effect of oral vaccination with mycobacterium bovis bcg on the development of tuberculosis in captive european badgers (meles meles).	the european badger (meles meles) is a reservoir host of mycobacterium bovis and responsible for a proportion of the tuberculosis (tb) cases seen in cattle in the united kingdom and republic of ireland. an injectable preparation of the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine is licensed for use in badgers in the uk and its use forms part of the bovine tb eradication plans of england and wales. however, there are practical limitations to the widespread application of an injectable vaccine for badg ...	2017	28174695