| spread of hepatitis e virus among different-aged pigs: two-year survey in taiwan. | swine are reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev). in this study, a 2-year survey of hev in feces and sera of swine was conducted to determine if: 1) hev has circulated among pigs for some time in taiwan; 2) the spread of hev among different-aged pigs; and 3) there exists hev strains possibly imported through trading. from 1998-2000, 521 serum samples and 54 fecal specimens from pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. none of the 11 pigs in suckling stage (< 2 months ... | 2002 | 11857526 |
| monitoring of fmd virus non-structural protein 3ab antibody in intensive pig farms after a severe outbreak of fmd. | | 2003 | 12974342 |
| new h1n2 and h3n1 influenza viruses in taiwanese pig herds. | | 2003 | 14567672 |
| twenty-year follow-up of the carpentier-edwards standard porcine bioprosthesis in the oriental population. | the 20-year period long-term results of porcine bioprosthetic valve use are limited. in addition, the majority of these reports come from western countries. given the scanty information reported in oriental countries, this study was therefore designed to examine 20-year long-term results in patients who received a carpentier-edwards porcine bioprosthetic valve in an effort to contribute further information on the long-term clinical performance of porcine prosthetic valves from a viewpoint of res ... | 2003 | 14735029 |
| dissemination of blacmy-2 among escherichia coli isolates from food animals, retail ground meats, and humans in southern taiwan. | twenty-six escherichia coli isolates recovered from food animal feces and retail ground meats and 14 urinary e. coli isolates from outpatients were shown to carry bla(cmy-2). similar cmy-2-encoding plasmids were found among seven human and three ground-pork isolates. these data indicate the community spread of bla(cmy-2) in southern taiwan. | 2004 | 15047542 |
| ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica typhimurium and choleraesuis from pigs to humans, taiwan. | we evaluated the disk susceptibility data of 671 nontyphoid salmonella isolates collected from different parts of taiwan from march 2001 to august 2001 and 1,261 nontyphoid salmonella isolates from the national taiwan university hospital from 1996 to 2001. overall, ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 2.7% (18/671) of all nontyphoid salmonella isolates, in 1.4% (5/347) of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and in 7.5% (8/107) in s. enterica serotype choleraesuis nationwide. mics of six ne ... | 2004 | 15078598 |
| emission of heavy metals from animal carcass incinerators in taiwan. | the metal emissions from three incinerators burning different feedstock in taiwan were characterized in this study. it was found that the incinerators a and b, treating pig carcasses and animal (including pigs) carcasses, respectively, had much higher metal concentrations in stack flue gases than incinerator c that combusted medical wastes. however, incinerator a obtained relative lower metal contents in fly ash and bottom ash than the other two incinerators, mainly because the former used a muc ... | 2004 | 15081760 |
| detection of mutations in the gyra gene and class i integron from quinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates in taiwan. | the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) of the gyra gene of quinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates were sequenced. four types of point mutation, ser-83-to-phe (tcc --> ttc), ser-83-to-tyr (tcc --> tac), asp-87-to-gly (gac --> ggc), and asp-87-to-asn (gac --> aac), were found. pcr-rflp and mas-touch down pcr were performed on fifty swine clinical isolates of s. enterica serovar choleraesuis (nalr) collected during 1997-2002. the analysis indicated seven ... | 2004 | 15145503 |
| characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in taiwan. | in an effort to understand the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and the prevalence of pcv2 infection in taiwanese herds, we have sequenced the complete genomes from pcv2-infected specimens and individually measured the antibody titer against pcv2 from pigs reared in taiwan between the years 2000 and 2002. a total of 623 specimens originating from pigs displaying varied clinical signs were screened with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). results showed that 309 pigs (49.6%) ... | 2004 | 15187354 |
| seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal adults in taiwan. | seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among adults of one ethnic han and five aboriginal populations residing in mountainous areas of taiwan was conducted by detecting serum igg (>/=1:64) using a t. canis larval excretory-secretory antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a short questionnaire interview was conducted to obtain data concerning their age, sex, occupation, consumption of raw pig liver, and possession of dogs. the overall seroprevalence (46.0%, 247 of 537) in the five ... | 2004 | 15306714 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughtered pigs in northwestern taiwan. | a serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughtered pigs in the largest slaughterhouse located in taoyuan county of northwestern taiwan was conducted using the latex agglutination (la) test during 1998. the overall seroprevalence of t. gondii infection was 28.8% (32/111) with la titers of 1:32 (6, 18.8%), 1:64 (10, 31.2%), 1:128 (9, 28.1%), 1:256 (6, 18.8%), and 1:512 (1, 3.1%). no significant difference (p > 0.05) in seroprevalence between male (28.6%, 20/70) and female (29.7% ... | 2004 | 15270117 |
| the use of antibiotics critical to human medicine in food-producing animals in taiwan. | there are increasing public health concerns about antibiotics used in food-producing animals that may contribute to the development of resistance in human pathogens. such resistance may be critical to human medicine when resistance develops to drugs that treat certain pathogens of which there is no good alternative therapy. we surveyed 10 farms, eight feed mills, and one animal drug distributor in taiwan to determine the major antibiotics used in food-producing animals, and the extent of use of ... | 2001 | 11456367 |
| detection and species identification of cryptosporidium from taiwan feeding animals. | in this study, 107 fecal specimens were collected from 40 sampling sites in taiwan livestock and avian farms to test for cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. ten of 107 samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of cryptosporidium spp., among which 6 samples were simultaneously confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction. nucleic acid sequencing of the 18s rrna gene identified 3 clusters of cryptosporidium spp. three cryptosporidium parvum isolates ... | 2008 | 18372647 |
| examination of meat components in commercial dog and cat feed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (pcr-rflps) technique. | it has been shown that certain slow neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as "mad cow" disease) could be transmitted through contaminated food intake by animals; therefore, the examination of meat components in commercial feeds is important for the control of the disease in public health. the combination of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (pcr-rflps) technique was applied to examine the meat components in dog and cat commer ... | 2004 | 15297759 |
| comparison of fluoroquinolone resistance genes of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates in japan and taiwan. | | 2004 | 15623959 |
| cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals. | a partial dna sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to taiwan. the conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. the control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattle ... | 2001 | 11587860 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid analysis of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in taiwan. | sixty actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) strains from pigs in taiwan were examined. serotyping revealed that these belonged to serovars 1 (n=53), 2 (n=3), and 5 (n=4). agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing of the isolates showed 55 (92%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. six resistance patterns were observed. ampicillin-chloramphenicol-flumequine-nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulfonamide/trimethoprim-tetracycline was the most common multi-resistance pattern. minimal inh ... | 2002 | 11731169 |
| reduction of greenhouse gases from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment by bromochloromethane in taiwan. | this work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. first, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separatio ... | 2004 | 15620094 |
| the resting sites and blood-meal sources of anopheles minimus in taiwan. | the who declared taiwan free from malaria in 1965, but in 2003 the reporting of two introduced cases in a rural area suggested a possible local transmission of this disease. therefore, understanding the resting sites and the blood sources of anopheles minimus is crucial in order to provide information for implementing vector control strategies. | 2008 | 18538036 |
| epidemiologic relationship between fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and pigs in taiwan (1997 to 2002). | the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis in recent years has become an important public health issue in taiwan. the resistant strains that cause human infections are considered to be from pigs. in this study, we characterized 157 swine and 42 human salmonella serovar choleraesuis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and drug susceptibility testing to investigate the epidemiologic relationship among the isolates. by pfge analyses, two major ... | 2005 | 15956400 |
| mycoplasma hyorhinis in taiwan: diagnosis and isolation of swine pneumonia pathogen. | this study attempted to determine whether one multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is an effective adjunct method for diagnosing mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and mycoplasma hyorhinis infection, and whether m. hyorhinis should be considered as an enzootic pneumonia or porcine respiratory disease complex pathogen in taiwan. to our knowledge, this study is the first to isolate and identify m. hyorhinis as a porcine pathogen in taiwan. a novel isolation method and a multiplex pcr test were applied ... | 2006 | 16540266 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolated from taiwan. | by analyzing the e2 sequences of classical swine fever virus from field outbreaks in taiwan during 1993-2001, three virus populations with distinct genotypes were determined including one historical (subgroup 3.4) and two exotic (subgroup 2.1) strains. the first subgroup 2.1 virus was isolated in 1994 and further sporadic outbreaks occurred after 1996. phylogenetic analysis using the e2 region has segregated the taiwanese strains of 2.1 virus into two different genotypes (termed 2.1a and 2.1b). ... | 2005 | 15778024 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus in taiwan. | two envelope glycoprotein (erns and e2) regions of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced directly from 158 specimens collected between 1989 and 2003 in taiwan. phylogenetic analysis of the two regions revealed a similar tree topology and the erns region provided better discrimination than the e2 region. one hundred and fifteen isolates out of the 158 isolates were clustered within subgroup 2.1 (further classified as 2.1a and 2.1b) and 2.2, which were consi ... | 2005 | 15703847 |
| studies on trypanosomes in the taiwan monkey. | fifty-three or 9% of 594 taiwan monkeys, macaca cyclopis, were found infected with a trypanosome species. the parasites were recovered from monkey blood in diaphasic blood-agar culture medium with a locke's solution overlay. trypanosomes were found on only a few thick blood smears and no dividing or multiplying forms were found. some of the organisms had a free-flagellum (4.7 microns), an undulating membrane and both ends of the body were pointed. the total length averaged 41.7 microns; nucleus ... | 1983 | 6673131 |
| comparison of sensitivity and specificity in three commercial foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein elisa kits with swine sera in taiwan. | three commercialized elisa kits for the detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (nsps) of fmd virus were compared, using sera from uninfected, vaccinated, challenged and naturally infected pigs. the kinetics of the antibody response to nsps was compared on sequential serum samples in swine from challenge studies and outbreaks. the results showed that elisa a (ubi) and elisa b (cedi) had better sensitivity than that of the 3abc recombinant protein-based elisa c (chekit). the peak f ... | 2007 | 17112687 |
| quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in korea. | the aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in korea and other countries. concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. the mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) ... | 2008 | 17391836 |
| immune responses of pigs to commercialized emulsion fmd vaccines and live virus challenge. | the immune response to structural and non-structural proteins (nsps) was studied on sequential serum samples in swine from o/taiwan/97 fmdv challenge studies, outbreaks and after vaccination. the results showed that pigs vaccinated with a commercial vaccine prior to or after infection maintained high neutralizing antibody titers with gradual decline from peak titers over the duration of this study. however, neutralizing antibody titers in non-vaccinated pigs only reached moderate levels 2-4 week ... | 2007 | 17445957 |
| characterisation of antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons among escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and swine in taiwan. | escherichia coli isolates from humans (n=110) and swine (n=61) and salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates (n=95) from swine in southern taiwan were characterised for antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons. all e. coli isolates and s. choleraesuis isolates were multidrug resistant and demonstrated high resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulfonamides, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. by polymerase chain reaction and dna sequenci ... | 2006 | 16621462 |
| complete sequence of a subgroup 3.4 strain of classical swine fever virus from taiwan. | classical swine fever viruses from taiwan have been classified into two subgroups (3.4 and 2.1). outbreaks caused by 3.4 viruses were reported in taiwan prior to 1996 and which mainly distributed in the geographic range from southern japan to taiwan. we have determined the complete sequence of a reference strain, 94.4/il/94/twn. the genome contains 12,296 nucleotides, encoding 3,898 amino acids flanked by a 372-nt region at the 5' untranslated region (utr) and a 227-nt region at the 3'-utr. simi ... | 2007 | 17721814 |
| the impact of climate on japanese encephalitis. | the aim of this study was to assess the change of seasonal pattern of japanese encephalitis (je) cases in the post-vaccination period and to elucidate whether the lagged climate variables (precipitation and temperature) were associated with occurrence of je after adjustment for seasonal pattern, time trend, geographic areas, pig density, vaccination coverage rate for humans, and time dependence of time-series numbers of je cases. a total of 287 confirmed je cases between 1991 and 2005 were colle ... | 2008 | 17767793 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella sp. in carcasses. | | 2006 | 17080579 |
| isolation and characterization of a sagiyama virus from domestic pigs. | in 2002, a strain of sagiyama virus (sagv) designated ml/taiwan/02 was isolated from farmed pigs in taiwan. the nsp1 and e1 gene sequences of the ml/taiwan/02 strain shared 98.6 and 96.7% homology, respectively, with corresponding genes of a japanese strain of sagv. nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison revealed this strain of sagv to be most closely related to getah virus, as opposed to its current classification as a subtype of ross river virus. to investigate the seroprevalence of sag ... | 2006 | 16617695 |
| the type i lanyu pig has a maternal genetic lineage distinct from asian and european pigs. | the lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from lanyu islet, located south-east of taiwan, with phenotypic characteristics distinctive from other pig breeds in asia and europe. based on geographic considerations, the lanyu pig may have originated from mainland china, austronesia or the ryukyu islands. in the present study, polymorphism of the mitochondrial dna control region sequence was used to clarify phylogenetic relationships among two herds of lanyu pigs imported before 1980 from lanyu islet into ... | 2007 | 17894564 |
| greenhouse gases emissions from waste management practices using life cycle inventory model. | when exploring the correlation between municipal solid waste management and green house gas emission, the volume and physical composition of the waste matter must be taken into account. due to differences in local environments and lifestyles the quantity and composition of waste often vary. this leads to differences in waste treatment methods and causes different volumes of greenhouse gases (ghgs), highlighting the need for local research. in this study the life cycle inventory method was used w ... | 2008 | 18164811 |
| application of forensic entomology to postmortem interval determination of a burned human corpse: a homicide case report from southern taiwan. | determining the postmortem interval (pmi) is strongly impacted by several variables, which consequently results in inaccuracy in the estimation of pmi used in court trials. a pmi experiment was conducted in kaohsiung county by disposing a burned pig corpse in the woods. one month later, unexpectedly and interestingly, a homicide case, very similar to this mock study, occurred at a distance of 6 km away from the experimental site. the female victim had been killed and burned. the maggots collecte ... | 2007 | 17908671 |
| application of thermotolerant microorganisms for biofertilizer preparation. | intensive agriculture is practised in taiwan, and compost application is very popular as a means of improving the soil physical properties and supplying plant nutrition. we tested the potential of inoculation with thermotolerant microorganisms to shorten the maturity and improve the quality of biofertilizer prepared by composting. | 2007 | 18087625 |
| surveillance of fmd virus non-structural protein antibodies in pig populations involved in an eradication programme. | | 2003 | 12762489 |
| management considerations and environmental benefit analysis for turning food garbage into agricultural resources. | the management of food garbage is of great importance because of its high energy consumption, potential environmental hazards and public health risks. in taiwan, through the competent authorities at all levels and the citizens' participation in sorting household wastes, many recycling efforts have recently been implemented to further utilize it as available resources such as swine feeds and organic fertilizer by composting. as a result, a total of approximately 570 thousand metric tons was recyc ... | 2008 | 18178429 |
| one-year (2003) nationwide pork carcass microbiological baseline data survey in taiwan. | from january through december 2003, swab samples from 1,650 pork carcasses were collected from 39 slaughter plants in taiwan. these samples were analyzed for the prevalence of indicator microorganisms and specific pathogens. viable aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, and escherichia coli were recovered from 100, 95.3, and 87.5% of these carcasses, respectively. of those carcasses that harbored bacteria, the mean aerobic plate, total coliform, and escherichia coli counts were 4.0, 0.6, and 0.1 log ... | 2005 | 15771166 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pigs from slaughterhouses in taiwan. | from may 2003 to april 2004, blood samples from 395 feeder pigs in taiwan were examined for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the latex agglutination test; antibodies (titer 1:32 or higher) were found in 10.1% of 395 pigs. the results indicate a high prevalence of infection in pigs in taiwan destined for human consumption. | 2007 | 18314712 |
| analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in taiwan and detection of parc resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay pcr. | one hundred thirty-three salmonella strains isolated from the viscera of swine, chicken, and carcasses of swine and chicken in taiwan from 2004 to 2006 were identified to serotype level and analyzed for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. in total, 76 (57%) strains of the salmonella isolates exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, having mics ranging from 16 to 64 microg/ml. dna sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra (ser83p ... | 2009 | 19205458 |
| interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the lanyu pig (sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences. | the lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the lanyu islet, which is southeast of taiwan. two herds of lanyu pigs were introduced from the lanyu islet into taiwan in 1975 and 1980. the current population of conserved lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. the lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from asian and european pigs. the present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved lanyu, asian, and european type pi ... | 2008 | 18344290 |
| staphylococcus aureus isolated from pork and chicken carcasses in taiwan: prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility. | staphylococcus aureus is a cause of many diseases in both humans and animals. this pathogen is also a major target in the screening of slaughterhouse carcasses to monitor hygienic conditions during slaughter. during 2004 to 2006, s. aureus was recovered from 8.8% (38 of 430), 11.3% (77 of 680), and 4.3% (13 of 300) of pork carcass samples, respectively, collected at 53 slaughterhouses in taiwan. during 2003 to 2005, it was recovered from 0.3% (1 of 305), 0.4% (1 of 260), and 7.8% (31 of 395) of ... | 2009 | 19343951 |
| screening of salbutamol residues in swine meat and animal feed by an enzyme immunoassay in taiwan. | an elisa was developed for routine examination for extensive monitoring and screening programs for the residues of salbutamol in swine serum, animal feed, meat, and meat-related products destined for human consumption in taiwan. objectives of the study were to investigate the use of a new immunoassay for the detection of salbutamol residues in swine meat and animal feed samples, and to compare with a commercial kit in field test screens. a fast, simple and reliable sample preparation method for ... | 2009 | 19854346 |
| picture archive and communication system (pacs) in the detection of fish bone: an animal study. | we have developed an animal model to investigate the feasibility of using a digital radiography picture archive and communication system (pacs) to identify fish bones. | 2008 | 18503850 |
| genetic variation and phylogenetics of lanyu and exotic pig breeds in taiwan analyzed by nineteen microsatellite markers. | the lanyu pig is an indigenous miniature pig breed on lanyu islet near taiwan, with a mitochondrial dna genetic lineage remote from asian and european pig breeds. the unknown population genetic structure and increased inbreeding among the small population of conserved lanyu pigs is now of great conservation concern. additionally, the presence for more than a century of exotic pig breeds in taiwan has made gene introgression from exotic pig breeds into lanyu pigs very possible. the present study ... | 2009 | 18708610 |
| a high-throughput and quantitative hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (hope)-based approach to identify sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. | as faecal contamination of recreational and drinking water impairs the water quality and threatens public health, water bodies are routinely monitored for faecal coliforms to detect contamination. however, faecal coliforms are facultative anaerobes that survive and reproduce in ambient waters, and their presence does not depict the origin of contamination. therefore, the use of bacteroides-prevotella 16s rrna gene to perform faecal source tracking has been proposed and applied. here, we demonstr ... | 2009 | 19222540 |
| contamination of salmonella schwarzengrund cells in chicken meat from traditional marketplaces in taiwan and comparison of their antibiograms with those of the human isolates. | salmonella schwarzengrund is one of the infective salmonella serotypes for humans and food animals, such as poultry and swine. because consumption of foods containing salmonellae due to cross contamination or inadequate cooking may lead to human salmonellosis, in this report, the prevalence of salmonella schwarzengrund contamination in chicken meat samples purchased from different traditional marketplaces in taiwan between 2000 and 2006 was investigated. in addition, 228 salmonella schwarzengrun ... | 2010 | 20075291 |
| molecular characterization of enrofloxacin resistant actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates. | enrofloxacin (er) resistant actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains emerged in taiwan in 2002. the mechanism of er resistance in a. pleuropneumoniae has not yet been reported. a total of 48 a. pleuropneumoniae isolates were obtained from the lungs of pigs with pleuropneumonia in taiwan between september 2007 and april 2008. twenty-nine isolates were found to be resistant to enrofloxacin. to understand the mechanisms of a. pleuropneumoniae's resistance to er, enrofloxacin susceptibility of the is ... | 2010 | 19913366 |
| consumption of groundwater as an independent risk factor of salmonella choleraesuis infection: a case-control study in taiwan. | infection with salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) in humans can be considered as an endemic disease in certain regions of taiwan, and the number of cases has increased in recent years. the goal of the case-control study discussed in this article was to identify the possible demographic and environmental risk factors associated with s. choleraesuis infection in taiwan. during the period of december 2005 to march 2007, the case-control study was conducted in human patients ... | 2009 | 20063610 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in taiwan between 1998 and 2009. | a devastating outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), caused by a porcinophilic serotype o virus, occurred in taiwan in march 1997. this outbreak was brought under control by means of a stamping-out policy and vaccination. although mandatory vaccination was conducted in taiwan between 1997 and 2007, sporadic outbreaks of fmd occurred between 1998 and 2009; however, the viruses that caused these outbreaks remain uncharacterized. this article reports the genetic and antigenic characterization of ... | 2010 | 20362404 |
| consumer choice of pork chops in taiwan. | digital photographs of pork chops varying systematically in appearance were presented to 716 taiwanese consumers in a study that aimed to identify the most important characteristics of fresh pork which determine consumer choice in taiwan. relationships between consumer segmentation in choice and socio-demographic and cultural differences were also investigated. colour and fat cover were the most frequently chosen of the four characteristics studied. dark red colour was preferred by 64% of consum ... | 2010 | 20416840 |
| genetic variation and geographic distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in japan. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has two genotypes, the north american-type (na-type) and the european-type (eu-type), and each genotype is also genetically diverged. we sequenced the orf5 gene of 30 prrsvs isolated from 23 prefectures of japan during 1992 and 1993 and during 2000 and 2001. all of the isolates were of the na-type. phylogenetic analysis of the overall na-type viruses isolated from around the world identified five major genetic clusters. the 1992-1993 ja ... | 2005 | 15931465 |
| evaluation of microbial dynamics during the ripening of a traditional taiwanese naturally fermented ham. | isolation and identification of the autochthonous starter from a naturally fermented meat allows control of the fermentation process and promises microbiological safety for this specialty. thus the purpose of this study was to identify the lactic acid bacteria and coagulase-negative cocci present in a traditional taiwanese naturally fermented ham (tnfh) and to study the microbial dynamics at different ripening stages; the approach was a combination of conventional microbiological cultivation, po ... | 2010 | 20417394 |
| historical review of pandemic influenza a in taiwan, 2009. | influenza is an important disease in children. in april 2009, human infections caused by a novel swine h1n1 virus were reported in mexico, followed by a pandemic. as of 14 march 2010, more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic influenza h1n1 2009, including at least 16,813 deaths. this influenza pandemic is unique in many respects. large outbreaks occurred outside the usual season for influenza infection. the virus also ca ... | 2010 | 20417458 |
| prevalence, infectivity and oocyst sporulation time of rabbit-coccidia in taiwan. | prevalence of eimeria species parasitizing rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in taiwan were investigated. six eimeria species, namely: eimeria media (prevalence, 158/642; 24.6%), eimeria magna (101/642; 15.7%), eimeria perforans (58/642; 9.0%), eimeria coecicola (46/642; 7.2%), eimeria piriformis (16/642; 2.5%), and eimeria exigua (9/642; 1.4%) were observed. the overall prevalence of these coccidial infections in rabbits from pet shops and farms was 46.2% and 41.7%, respectively. concurrent infec ... | 2010 | 21399582 |
| molecular characterization of dermatophytes of the trichophyton mentagrophytes complex found in taiwan with emphasis on their correlation with clinical observations. | fungi of the trichophyton mentagrophytes complex are important pathogenic dermatophytes capable of causing various human skin infections. there are many species and varieties involved in this complex. due to morphological similarity and existing intermediate forms and variants, unequivocally separating these dermatophytes is not always straightforward, and sampling appropriate isolates for research is often troublesome. communicating epidemiological statistics of these dermatophytes is greatly i ... | 2010 | 20649795 |
| natural infections of pigs with akabane virus. | akabane (aka) virus is considered a pathogen of herbivores in nature. however, we found that pig populations in fields were infected in taiwan. an isolate (nt-14) of aka virus was obtained from pigs. the nt-14 virus was able to infect pigs by the oronasal route. subsequently, low levels of infectious virus particles were excreted into the oronasal discharge during the stage of viremia but they were not sufficient to infect new porcine hosts via contact transmission. the prevalence of serum neutr ... | 2003 | 12742710 |
| Phylodynamics and molecular evolution of influenza A virus nucleoprotein genes in Taiwan between 1979 and 2009. | Many studies concentrate on variation in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) because of its significance in host immune response, the evolution of this virus is even more complex when other genome segments are considered. Recently, it was found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in immunity against influenza and most CTL epitopes of human influenza viruses were remarkably conserved. The NP gene has evolved independently in human and avian hosts after 1918 flu pandemic and ... | 2011 | 21858124 |
| genetic variation in open reading frame 5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in taiwan. | in an effort to understand the genetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolates in taiwan, 40 isolates obtained between 2004 and 2006 were analyzed for their sequences of open reading frame 5. after reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the amplified open reading frame 5 fragments were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence comparison. the results showed that all the taiwanese isolates belonged to the north american g ... | 2008 | 18571880 |
| development and fast screening of salbutamol residues in swine serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in taiwan. | the analysis of salbutamol in swine serum is the more practical basis for large scale surveillance programs in taiwan. objectives of the study were to develop a new assay and to compare with a commercially available kit in field test screens. a simple and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to monitor the presence of beta-agonist, salbutamol, in 1,358 field samples of swine serum that were collected from local meat markets was described. the method proved to be suitable and sensit ... | 2008 | 18578536 |
| expression and prognostic significance of gastric-specific annexin a10 in diffuse- and intestinal-type gastric carcinoma. | annexin a10 (anxa10) and its liver-specific short isoform (anxa10s) had tissue-restricted expression. the downregulation of anxa10s is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. the aim of the present study was to validate the tissue distribution and explore the role of the anxa10 protein expression in gastric carcinoma. | 2011 | 21175800 |
| Characterization of tetracycline resistance lactobacilli isolated from swine intestines at western area of Taiwan. | To investigate the frequency of tetracycline resistance (Tet-R) lactobacilli in pig intestines, a total of 256 pig colons were analyzed and found to contain typical colonies of Tet-R lactic acid bacteria in every sample, ranging from 3.2 × 10(3) to 6.6 × 10(5) CFU/cm(2). From these samples, a total of 159 isolates of Tet-R lactobacilli were obtained and identified as belonging to 11 species, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus planta ... | 2011 | 21906691 |
| surveillance of avian and swine influenza in the swine population in taiwan, 2004. | we conducted serological and virological surveillance of pig farms in taiwan from areas epidemic for low pathogenic avian influenza virus (aiv), h5n2 subtype, in order to determine the prevalence of aiv and swine influenza virus (siv) in 2004. | 2008 | 18629419 |
| application of non-structural protein elisa kits in nationwide fmd surveillance in pigs to demonstrate virus circulation in taiwan. | large scale surveillance of fmd non-structural protein (nsp) antibody in pigs was conducted to monitor for fmd virus circulation in taiwan using ceditest and ubi nsp elisa kits after recurrence of fmd in 2009. a total of 53,759 serum samples were collected from pigs in the auction markets in 2009. there were 43 farms with positive fmd nsp reactors to both nsp elisa tests in the nationwide surveillance. after tracing back, clinical examination and the nsp elisa testing using both ceditest and ubi ... | 2011 | 21641128 |
| japanese encephalitis virus genotype replacement, taiwan, 2009-2010. | genotype i of japanese encephalitis virus first appeared in taiwan in 2008. phylogenetic analysis of 37 viruses from pig farms in 2009-2010 classified these viruses into 2 unique subclusters of genotype i viruses and suggested multiple introductions and swift replacement of genotype iii by genotype i virus in taiwan. | 2011 | 22172307 |
| reinstatement of dermacentor bellulus (acari: ixodidae) as a valid species previously confused with d. taiwanensis and comparison of all parasitic stages. | re-examination of dermacentor taiwanensis sugimoto, 1935 specimens in the united states national tick collection revealed that two morphologically distinct dermacentor species were identified under this name. one of them corresponds to sugimoto's description of d. taiwanensis, while another species is identical to schulze's dermacentor bellulus (schulze, 1935). the latter species has not been considered valid by recent workers. d. bellulus is reinstated here as a valid species and all its stages ... | 2015 | 26335464 |
| immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in pig farms after the 1997 outbreak in taiwan. | this paper reports on a retrospective study of the antibody responses to structural and non-structural proteins of fmd virus o taiwan 97 in six pig herds in taiwan in the year after the 1997 taiwanese fmd outbreak. all herds were vaccinated against fmd after the outbreak as part of the countrywide control program. three of the herds had confirmed fmd infections (herds n, o and p) and three herds remained non-infected (herds k, l and m). the serum neutralizing antibody titers and the non-structur ... | 2008 | 17716836 |
| evaluation of infectivity and transmission of different asian foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine. | most isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) display a broad host range. since the late 1990s, the genetic lineage of panasia topotype fmdv serotype o has caused epidemics in the far east, africa, the united kingdom, france, the netherlands, and numerous other countries throughout europe and asia. in contrast, there are several fmdv isolates that exhibit a more restricted host range. a cathay topotype isolate of fmdv serotype o from the 1997 epizootic in taiwan (o/taw/97) demonstrated re ... | 2010 | 20458154 |
| serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and minimal inhibitory concentrations of actionbacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from slaughter pigs in taiwan (2002-2007). | in total, 211 isolates of a. pleuropneumoniae were collected from pigs with hemorrhagic pneumonia at slaughterhouses during 2002-2007. serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined for each isolate of a. pleuropneumoniae to 10 antimicrobial agents. serovar 1 of a. pleuropneumoniae was predominant in taiwan in 138 of the 211 isolates, followed by serovars 2 and 5. more than 90% of collected isolates were sensitive to ceftiofur, cephaloth ... | 2010 | 20948169 |
| Reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis carrying large virulence plasmids after the foot and mouth disease outbreak in swine in southern Taiwan, and their independent evolution in human and pig. | BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen that causes bacteremia in humans and pigs. The prevalence of S. Choleraesuis in man has gradually decreased since the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in pigs in 1997 in southern Taiwan. The goal of this study was to investigate the change in prevalence of S. Choleraesuis carrying the virulence plasmid (pSCV) in human and swine isolates collected in 1995-2005 and characterize t ... | 2011 | 22209685 |
| A scoring system for predicting results of influenza rapid test in children: A possible model facing overwhelming pandemic infection. | BACKGROUND: The pandemic novel influenza H1N1 (swine) influenza A virus (H1N1v) infection has caused large-scale community infection in Taiwan. Anxiety developed in the general public and physicians faced a huge challenge in many aspects. We conducted this prospective study to develop a scoring system based on the clinical manifestations for predicting the results of influenza rapid testing, as a surrogate of influenza rapid testing, to lower the anxiety and decrease the burden for the test. MET ... | 2011 | 22177368 |
| insular east asia pig dispersal and vicariance inferred from asian wild boar genetic evidence. | the formosan wild boar () is an endemic subspecies in taiwan. understanding the origins and spread of the formosan wild boar could help clarify east asian wild boar dispersion. although in situ domestication of the wild boar occurred at a number of domestication centers across east asia, corroborating archaeological and genetic evidence of pig domestication on taiwan is lacking, leading to domestication being described as cryptic. this characterization applies to the lanyu pig-a domestic pig bre ... | 2017 | 28464072 |
| historical overview of taenia asiatica in taiwan. | an overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of taenia and taeniasis in taiwan for the past century is presented. the phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from taenia solium and taenia saginata, are described. parasitological surveys of the aborigines in taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. chemotherapeutic deworming trials ... | 2013 | 23467308 |
| participatory epidemiology to assess sarcoptic mange in serow of taiwan. | we used participatory epidemiology (pe) in remote areas to understand the observed distribution and prevalence of infestation by sarcoptic mange mites (sarcoptes scabiei) on wild formosan serow (capricornis swinhoei) in taiwan. a semistructured interview protocol was used for 37 interviews during june-december 2008. serow with skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic mange were reported within a latitudinal range of approximately 24°00'n to 22°40'n on the central mountain range of taiwan. the obse ... | 2012 | 23060488 |