Publications

impact of stirofos oral larvicide on the seasonal abundance of house flies in dairy cow manure in central arizona.		1979	536486
decline of ddt residues in beef fat after 8 years of ddt moratorium in arizona.		1978	568010
behavioral and physiologic responses of holstein-friesian cows to high environmental temperatures and artificial cooling in arizona.		1978	727594
effect of summer heat stress on serum luteinizing hormone and progresterone values in holstein-friesian cows in arizona.	serum-luteinizing hormone and progesterone values were measured in lactating and nonlactating holstein-friesian cows to evaluate their relationship with reduced fertility observed during hot summer months in arizona. the stress of hot weather had no effect on frequency of preovulatory increase of luteinizing hormone nor on the interval between the preovulatory increase and ovulation in either lactating or nonlactating cows. progesterone values were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in l ...	1977	883709
physiologic responses of preparturient and postparturient holstein-friesian cows to summer heat stress in arizona.	a group of 18 holstein-friesian cows were studied in central arizona to evaluate seasonal heat stress factor in preparturient and postparturient dairy cows. physiologic measurements were made within 2 weeks before calving and within 1 week after calving. the studies were conducted during the cool winter months of december and janurary and during the hot summer months of july, august, and september. comparisons were made of rectal temperatures, vaginal temperatures, skin temperatures, respiratory ...	1976	988766
short term thermal relief for improved fertility in dairy cattle during hot weather.		1976	1002342
clinical blackleg associated with arizona wild type (awt) strain of clostridium carnis.		1976	1048792
arizona mental health in territorial days. part iv.		1975	1091241
an epizootic of bovine cysticercosis.	in march, 1973, a large feedlot near phoenix, az, reported an increased incidence of bovine cysticercosis. approximately 10% of cattle sent to slaughter from january to april, 1973, were infected with the cysticercus stage of taenia saginata. one employee who worked at the feed mill and loaded hay in the fields was also found to be infected with t saginata. recommendations for control of similar epizootics included educating employees about mode of transmission and improved personal hygiene, the ...	1975	1141040
season and lactation number effects on milk production and reproduction of dairy cattle in arizona.	records representing 19,266 holstein cows from arizona dhia data over a 5-yr period were analyzed to determine the effects of season and lactation number on milk production and reproduction. seasons were winter (december, january, and february), spring (march, april, and may), summer (june, july, and august), and fall (september, october, and november). traits analyzed by least squares anova were 305-d fcm, complete lactation milk, calving interval, and services per conception. all sources of va ...	1992	1460129
abomasal erosions in feedlot cattle.	the abomasa of 1,949 slaughtered feedlot cattle, 45 necropsied feedlot cattle that died 2 to 45 days after arrival, and 45 necropsied pastured cattle were opened and examined. of these organs, 484, 1, and none, respectively, contained erosions. the slaughtered cattle were fattened at 3 locations: 1,305 with 430 eroded abomasa were fed a ration of corn in northeastern colorado; 144 cattle with 4 affected abomasa fed a ration of milo in south-central arizona; and 500 cattle with 50 affected abomas ...	1992	1539902
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1990.	in 1990, the united states and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the centers for disease control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. for the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. particularly large in ...	1992	1577642
economic implications of bovine somatotropin use for the arizona dairy industry.	this study examined the impacts of bst on income of dairy producers in arizona. the nature of milk production in arizona, the institutional aspects of the milk order, and the supply management program of the united dairymen of arizona (the only milk cooperative in arizona) were considered in the model. prices declined with increased milk yields from bst. three dairy enterprise budgets demonstrated that gross revenue minus variable costs initially increased for adopters of bst but declined for no ...	1991	1894823
trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in north america, 1982-5.	outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis, serotype new jersey, during epidemics in the united states and northern mexico, 1982-5, were examined by backward trajectories of winds to investigate spread and possible sources. the outbreaks selected for analysis did not involve introduction of disease by infected animals. the findings indicate that wind could have been responsible for carrying infection from northern mexico to arizona and new mexico and thence to colorado and utah and on to wyoming, idaho a ...	1990	2157606
interrelationships among water quality, climate and diet on feedlot performance of steer calves.	four experiments involving 16 pens of 8 to 10 crossbred steer calves each were conducted at yuma, arizona. initial and final weights were approximately 170 and 275 kg, respectively. the experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial replicated over 2 yr with main effects for season (summer, winter), diet (h = ground alfalfa hay, h + g = 50% ground alfalfa, 47.5% dry-rolled wheat and 2.5% molasses) and water source (n = normal, s = saline) during two consecutive 56-d periods in each experiment (n- ...	1989	2703437
summer heat stress and reduced fertility in holstein- friesian cows in arizona.		1974	4433066
keith b. kelly, m.d. 1936-1973.		1973	4591815
physiologic response to intense summer heat and its effect on the estrous cycle of nonlactating and lactating holstein-friesian cows in arizona.		1974	4855914
nutrient intake of pima indian women: relationships to diabetes mellitus and gallbladder disease.		1971	5165014
ddt moratorium in arizona--agricultural residues after 2 years.		1971	5170814
ddt moratorium in arizona--agricultural residues after 1 year.		1970	5212399
salmonellosis in arizona fenfed cattle.		1967	5257331
collections of dermacentor parumapertus from cattle.		1965	5848806
ddt in human milk.		1965	5885914
variations of pesticide residues in arizona milk.		1966	6008387
caprine mycoplasmosis: widespread infection in goats with mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type).	a mycoplasma survey of goats with a history of mastitis, polyarthritis, and pneumonia revealed a high incidence of mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type). during the early winter kidding season of 1979-1980, kid morbidity in a large commercial dairy herd, evidenced by hyperthermia, polyarthritis, and pneumonia, exceeded 90%. in excess of 200 kids died. colostral cultures of the parent does yielded 157 isolations from 605 goats (26%). additional isolations were made from goats wit ...	1983	6338774
the veterinarian as a bailee.		1984	6511569
serologic survey for leptospirosis in arizona beef cattle in 1981.	sera from 1,215 beef cattle in arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. over 25% had agglutinins to greater than or equal to 1 of 5 serovars of leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of greater than or equal to 1:400 to greater than or equal to 1 serovars. the most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agg ...	1983	6625331
salmonella and arizona serotypes from animals and related sources reported during fiscal year 1979.		1980	6947295
campylobacter enteritis: a large outbreak traced to commercial raw milk.	from april 24 to may 11, 1981, an outbreak of approximately 200 cases of campylobacter jejuni enteritis occurred in arizona in persons who drank one brand of unpasteurized milk. two cohort studies showed that households with members who drank raw milk reported diarrheal illness significantly more frequently than those in which no one drank raw milk (p=.003 and p=.001; relative risk 4.70 and 3.85, respectively). of 19 serotyped c jejuni organisms isolated from persons who drank raw milk from the ...	1982	7179958
bovine tuberculosis in an arizona dairy herd.		1981	7204238
the utah thyroid cohort study: analysis of the dosimetry results.	above ground testing of nuclear weapons at the nevada test site (nts) during the 1950s created radioactive fallout that was dispersed into the atmosphere and deposited over a large geographical area of the u.s. one area believed to have received a considerable amount of exposure to radioiodines (131i and 133i) in the fallout was southwest utah and southeast nevada. this paper describes the estimates of doses to the thyroid for a cohort of 3,545 subjects who were children during the atmospheric t ...	1995	7883559
effect of re-17 mutant salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid on clinical coliform mastitis.	the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the incidence and severity of clinical coliform mastitis could be decreased by re-17 mutant salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid. holstein-friesian cows from two arizona dairies were selected for this study based on july through november projected calving dates; peak lactation occurred during the period of highest rainfall and peak environmental stress. the cows were randomly assigned to either a vaccinate or a control group, and 1292 ...	1994	7962849
observations on nematode parasitism in cow-calf production systems in southcentral/southwestern usa.	observations on fecal egg count (fec) and nematode identification data were compiled to help determine the extent of nematode parasitism in cows and their nursing calves. overall mean fec values for cows in utah, louisiana, nevada, texas, and california were 7 eggs per gram (epg), 6 epg, 9 epg, 10 epg, and 15 epg, respectively. overall mean fec values for nursing calves from the same states were 7 epg, 228 epg, 3 epg, 60 epg, and 398 epg, respectively. the overall mean fec value for arizona cows ...	1993	8484219
coronavirus isolation from nasal swab samples in cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease after shipping.	to monitor the prevailing viral respiratory tract infections in cattle after transportation to feedlots.	1996	8635997
effects of ruminally inert fat and evaporative cooling on dairy cows in hot environmental temperatures.	under hot summer conditions of tucson, arizona, 24 holstein cows (mean = 80 d of lactation) were assigned for 56 d to four treatments in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. factors were 1) medium [4.6% of dry matter (dm)] versus high (7.4% of dm) amounts of dietary fat and 2) corral shade only versus shade equipped with evaporative cooling. the high fat diet contained 3% prilled fatty acids. the efficiency of the conversion of feed to milk tended to be bet ...	1997	9201588
serologic survey for hantavirus infection in domestic animals and coyotes from new mexico and northeastern arizona.	to determine whether animals had serologic evidence of infection with sin nombre virus (snv).	1998	9540866
results of a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs fed to lactating dairy cows.	a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs used in the diets of dairy cows was conducted. this survey was mailed to dairy nutritionists at universities in each state to describe the use of 144 feedstuffs. twenty-eight states responded and were grouped by region as follows: northeast (maine, maryland, new hampshire, new york, ohio, vermont, and west virginia), northwest (idaho, oregon, and washington), midwest (iowa, illinois, michigan, minnesota, missouri, nebraska, north dakota, south dakota, ...	1999	10068966
management factors affecting the risk for vesicular stomatitis in livestock operations in the western united states.	to identify management factors affecting the risk of animals developing vesicular stomatitis (vs).	1999	10553436
ocular onchocerca infections in two dogs in western united states.	two dogs, one from california and one from arizona, were found to have aberrant infections caused by filarial nematodes of the genus onchocerca. in both cases, the parasites are localized in or near the eye. in one case the worm was located in the cornea and was surgically removed. in the second case, a very marked granulomatous reaction was induced in the retrobulbar space, mimicking an abscess. this eye was enucleated. the worms in both instances were female, and were gravid, i.e. contained mi ...	2000	10856819
reproductive performance of holstein cows receiving somatotropin.	some dairy producers resist using bovine somatotropin (bst) beginning at 9 wk postpartum because of the concern that fertility is compromised. we conducted a trial with a total of 205 holstein cows, 100 multiparous and 105 primiparous, to evaluate reproductive performance in two high producing herds in arizona and southern california. rolling herd averages for both herds for milk production exceeded 10,700 kg/yr. data were collected for cows calving december 1996 through august 1997. the volunta ...	2000	10908052
food production and nutrition in biosphere 2: results from the first mission september 1991 to september 1993.	the initial test of the biosphere 2 agricultural system was to provide a nutritionally adequate diet for eight crew members during a two year closure experiment, 1991-1993. the overall results of that trial are presented in this paper. the 2000 m2 cropping area provided about 80 percent of overall nutritional needs during the two years. adaptation of the crew to the diet which averaged 2200 calories, 73 g. of protein and 32 g. of fat per person over the course of the two years. the diet was ...	1996	11538814
taking anthrax's genetic fingerprints.		2001	11729278
emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the united states.	vesicular stomatitis (vs) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. the causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of which two distinct serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana (in) have been described. the clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. vsv is the most important cause of vesicular disease in fmd-free countries in the americas, causing thousands of ou ...	2002	12034487
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001.	during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ...	2002	12494966
conservation. unwelcome bison may face a dna test.		2003	12649459
grazing of spotted locoweed (astragalus lentiginosus) by cattle and horses in arizona.	spotted locoweed (astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus) is a toxic, perennial plant that may, if sufficient precipitation occurs, dominate the herbaceous vegetation of pinyon-juniper woodlands on the colorado plateau. six cow/calf pairs and four horses grazed a 20-ha pasture with dense patches of locoweed in eastern arizona during spring 1998. locoweed density was 0.7 plants/m2 in the pasture. locoweed averaged 30.4% ndf and 18.4% cp. concentrations of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine, fluctuate ...	2003	12968704
genetics. the grand canyon's cattalo.		2003	14576391
seasonality of days open in us holsteins.	the objectives of this study were to establish a pattern for the seasonality of days open (do) by state and region within the united states and to present statistics on regional trends for do. data included 8,676,915 records on do for holsteins from 1997 to 2002 covering all regions of the united states. fixed effects in the model included herd, parity, milk-class, state x month of calving (moc), year of calving x moc, and parity x moc. least squares means of do were highest for calvings in marc ...	2003	14672202
genetic parameters for days open and pregnancy rates in us holsteins using different editing criteria.	the influence of various editing criteria for days open (do) records on genetic parameter estimates of do and pregnancy rates (pr) in us holsteins was investigated. data included first parity 305-d milk yield and do records from 8 states: georgia (ga), florida (fl), north carolina (nc), texas (tx), arizona (az), california (ca), new york (ny), and wisconsin (wi). the pregnancy rate was computed as 1/[(do - vwp)/hi + 1)], where vwp was the approximate voluntary waiting period and hi was the heat ...	2004	15545397
contribution of drinking water to the weekly intake of heterotrophic bacteria from diet in the united states.	the goal of this study was to assess the relative contribution of heterotrophic bacteria from various sources in the normal diet of an average person in the united states, due to concerns regarding the potential health implications of such bacteria in household tapwater. a literature search was conducted to determine the concentration of heterotrophic plate count (hpc) bacteria in drinking water, as well as foods common to the american diet. food items were also obtained in tucson, az to further ...	2005	15607184
comparisons of holsteins with brown swiss and jersey cows on the same farm for age at first calving and first calving interval.	our objective was to evaluate breed differences for heat-stress resistance as reflected by age at first calving and first calving interval. we examined the effect of geographic location and birth season on age at first calving, and geographic location and first calving season on first calving interval on holsteins and jerseys, and holsteins and brown swiss located on the same farm. we defined 7 regions within the united states: northwest, central north, northeast, central, central south, southwe ...	2005	15653546
evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from the western united states.	free-ranging mule deer (md; odocoileus hemionus) from arizona and california were tested for evidence of infection with several tick-borne pathogens, including species of ehrlichia, anaplasma, babesia, and borrelia. of 125 mule deer tested from arizona, 29 (23%) and 11 (9%) had antibodies reactive to e. chaffeensis and a. phagocytophilum by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing, respectively; none of the six md tested from california were seropositive. using a commercial competitive elisa ...	2005	16417431
distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the rocky mountain wood tick in the united states.	anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne pathogen that causes anaplasmosis in cattle. there are approximately 20 tick species worldwide that are implicated as vectors of this pathogen. in the united states, dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say) are the principal vectors. the risk of transmission of anaplasmosis to cattle has been largely based on the distribution of d. andersoni in the united states. we developed a centralized geographic database that incorporates coll ...	2006	16506443
coliform bacteria in sierra nevada wilderness lakes and streams: what is the impact of backpackers, pack animals, and cattle?	the presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. we hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. methods; water was collected in wilderness areas of the sierra nevada range in california. a total of 60 sites from lakes or streams were selected to statistically differentiate the risk categories: 1) high use by backpacke ...	2006	16538940
rodent communities in an exurbanizing southwestern landscape (u.s.a.).	ranches are being converted to exurban housing developments in the southwestern united states, with potentially significant but little-studied impacts on biological diversity. we captured rodents on 48 traplines in grasslands, mesquite savannas, and oak savannas in southeastern arizona that were grazed by livestock, embedded in exurban housing developments, grazed and embedded in development, or neither grazed nor embedded in development. independent of habitat or development, rodent species ric ...	2006	16922240
serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa.	during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ...	2006	17255453
impact of grazing intensity during drought in an arizona grassland.	the ecological benefits of changing cattle grazing practices in the western united states remain controversial, due in part to a lack of experimentation. in 1997 we initiated an experimental study of two rangeland alternatives, cattle removal and high-impact grazing, and compared grassland community responses with those with more conventional, moderate grazing practices. the study was conducted in a high-elevation, semiarid grassland near flagstaff, arizona (u.s.a.). we conducted annual plant su ...	2007	17298514
hybridization between multiple fence lizard lineages in an ecotone: locally discordant variation in mitochondrial dna, chromosomes, and morphology.	we investigated a hybrid zone between two major lineages of fence lizards (sceloporus cowlesi and sceloporus tristichus) in the sceloporus undulatus species complex in eastern arizona. this zone occurs in an ecotone between great basin grassland and conifer woodland habitats. we analysed spatial variation in mtdna (n=401; 969 bp), chromosomes (n=217), and morphology (n=312; 11 characters) to characterize the hybrid zone and assess species limits. a fine-scale population level phylogenetic analys ...	2007	17305859
temperature-humidity indices as indicators of milk production losses due to heat stress.	meteorological data (1993 to 2004) from 2 public weather stations in phoenix, arizona, and athens, georgia, were analyzed with test day milk yield data from herds near weather stations to identify the most appropriate temperature-humidity index (thi) to measure losses in milk production due to heat stress in the semiarid climate of arizona and the humid climate of georgia. seven thi with different weightings of dry bulb temperature and humidity were compared. test-day data were analyzed using 2 ...	2007	17369235
controls on vegetation structure in southwestern ponderosa pine forests, 1941 and 2004.	long-term studies can broaden our ecological understanding and are particularly important when examining contingent effects that involve changes to dominance by long-lived species. such a change occurred during the last century in southwestern (usa) ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) forests. we used five livestock grazing exclosures established in 1912 to quantify vegetation structure in 1941 and 2004. our objectives were to (1) assess the effects of historical livestock grazing on overstory stru ...	2007	17918408
evaluation of salmonella occurrence in domestic animals and humans in north dakota (2000-2005).	to evaluate the occurrence, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonellae from domestic animals and humans in north dakota.	2007	18041964
tectonic influences on ground water quality: insight from complementary methods.	a study using multiple techniques provided insight into tectonic influences on ground water systems; the results can help to understand ground water systems in the tectonically active western united states and other parts of the world. ground water in the san bernardino valley (arizona, united states and sonora, mexico) is the main source of water for domestic use, cattle ranching (the primary industry), and the preservation of threatened and endangered species. to improve the understanding of g ...	2008	18194326
antimicrobial drug resistance and molecular characterization of salmonella isolated from domestic animals, humans, and meat products.	1) to characterize and determine genotypic relatedness of salmonella serovars commonly isolated from domestic animals and humans in north dakota, and 2) to assess their role in transferring antimicrobial resistance (amr) to humans.	2009	19341316
a longitudinal cohort study in calves evaluated for rotavirus infections from 1 to 12 months of age by sequential serological assays.	using an immunocytochemical staining assay involving six different recombinant baculoviruses with each expressing one of the major bovine rotavirus vp7 (g6, g8 and g10) and vp4 (p6[1], p7[5] and p8[11]) serotypes, we analyzed igg antibody responses to individual proteins in archival serum samples collected from 31 calves monthly from 1 to 12 months of age during 1974-1975 in higley, arizona. seroresponses to vp7 and vp4, as determined by a fourfold or greater antibody response, were not always e ...	2009	19343476
clostridium difficile in retail meat products, usa, 2007.	to determine the presence of clostridium difficile, we sampled cooked and uncooked meat products sold in tucson, arizona. forty-two percent contained toxigenic c. difficile strains (either ribotype 078/toxinotype v [73%] or 027/toxinotype iii [nap1 or nap1-related; 27%]). these findings indicate that food products may play a role in interspecies c. difficile transmission.	2009	19402980
surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky.	surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ...	2010	20090032
the cattle grub problem in arizona. ii. phenology of common cattle grub infestations and their effects on weight gains of preweaning calves.		1971	20336830
amblyomma triste (acari: ixodidae): new north american collection records, including the first from the united states.	new distribution records for the neotropical tick, amblyomma triste koch, are identified from 27 specimens in 18 separate collections. these collections originated from six now recognized geographical foci in two states in the united states (cochise and santa cruz counties, arizona, and brewster and jeff davis counties, texas) and from import cattle, bos taurus l., presented for entry at the united states border and originating in three mexican states (coahuila, durango, and sonora). for at leas ...	2010	20695268
epidemiology chapter.	this chapter outlines the epidemiology of brucellosis in the russian federation and in five countries bordering russia. since the soviet union's dissolution, russia and the newly formed independent republics have failed to maintain policies to control brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases. many of these republics, due to weak animal control and prevention systems and dangerous food preparation practices, are still burdened with the human cost of brucellosis. the final summary of this section p ...	2010	20850689
survival of infectious prions in class b biosolids.	this study developed a method for extracting infectious prions from class b biosolids and subsequently evaluated the survival of infectious prions under the influence of mesophilic (37-¦c) and thermophilic (60-¦c) temperatures in class b biosolids. unlike other studies, this study utilized a scrapie cell assay to determine infectivity and quantity of infectious prions. the best method for extraction was exposing the biosolids to 4 m urea at 80-¦c for 10 minutes followed by a membrane centrifugat ...	2011	21391030
multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport infections associated with ground beef, october to december 2007.	in late october 2007, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport infections affected 42 case patients in california, arizona, idaho, and nevada. a case-control study implicated ground beef from one chain store. despite detailed ground beef purchase histories-including shopper card information for several case patients-traceback efforts by both the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service and the california department of public health were unable to identify t ...	2011	21819658
protection from livestock fails to deter shrub proliferation in a desert landscape with a history of heavy grazing.	desertification is often characterized by the replacement of mesophytic grasses with xerophytic shrubs. livestock grazing is considered a key driver of shrub encroachment, although most evidence is anecdotal or confounded by other factors. mapping of velvet mesquite (prosopis velutina) shrubs in and out of exclosures in 1932, 1948, and 2006 in semiarid grasslands of southeastern arizona, usa, afforded the opportunity to quantify livestock grazing effects on mesquite proliferation over 74 years i ...	2011	21830707
rapid decrease in horn size of bighorn sheep: environmental decline, inbreeding depression, or evolutionary response to trophy hunting?	there are numerous examples demonstrating that selection has greatly influenced phenotypes in wild-harvested species. here, a significant reduction in horn size in trophy desert bighorn sheep rams over 30 years in a reintroduced population in aravaipa canyon, arizona is documented. after examining the potential effects of a detrimental change in the environment, inbreeding depression, and hunter-caused evolutionary change, it appears that environmental deterioration, apparently from the effects ...	2011	21900210
effects of adjustable and stationary fans with misters on core body temperature and lying behavior of lactating dairy cows in a semiarid climate.	cows readily seek shade to reduce solar heat load during periods of high ambient temperature. typically, auxiliary cooling systems are oriented to maximize cooling for shaded cows. however, when a shade structure is oriented north-south, stationary fan and mister cooling systems are unable to track shade as the sun's angle shifts throughout the day, and thus can become ineffective. the flipfan dairy cooling system (schaefer ventilation equipment, sauk rapids, mn) employs fans and misters that fo ...	2013	23684043
a dose-response evaluation of rumen-protected niacin in thermoneutral or heat-stressed lactating holstein cows.	twenty-four multiparous high-producing dairy cows (40.0±1.4kg/d) were used in a factorial design to evaluate effects of 2 environments [thermoneutral (tn) and heat stress (hs)] and a dose range of dietary rumen-protected niacin (rpn; 0, 4, 8, or 12g/d) on body temperature, sweating rate, feed intake, water intake, production parameters, and blood niacin concentrations. temperature-humidity index values during tn never exceeded 68 (stress threshold), whereas temperature-humidity index values duri ...	2014	24881789