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the influenza epidemic. 19705370040
epidemic influenza. patterns over 20 years (1949-1968). 19695404229
altitude effect on the biological half life of caesium in man. 19705410208
influenza in a school, 1969. 19705411260
virus of the 1918 influenza pandemic. 19705415113
fate of surgical registrars in the south-western region.the fate of registrars in general surgery in the south-western region has been surveyed. once a man has taken a registrarship in general surgery he is largely committed to surgery as a career. consequently, if he fails to obtain promotion in the health service he emigrates, and as a result about 37% of british graduates who become surgical registrars eventually settle abroad.19705416816
first outbreak of hong kong influenza in a general practice population in great britain. a field and laboratory study.the first outbreak of influenza caused by hong kong (h.k.) variant of type a(2) influenza virus in a general practice (3,620 persons) in cirencester, england, lasted 13 weeks, from 15 january to 15 april 1969, and is estimated to have attacked 4% of the practice population. the epidemic was too small to produce much effect on the total respiratory morbidity, but when symptom groups were examined separately it could be clearly followed in the class "febrile respiratory disease" in which 76 of the ...19705428780
influenza a2-hong kong-68 in an infectious diseases unit in leeds. 19705438199
congress report. vitamin e research in man in the u.k. 19705438622
human fascioliasis. 19705445573
human needs are what matter. 19705451098
differences in growth of the dental arch in some 'races' of man. 19705473274
"normal" levels of cadmium in human liver and kidney in england. 19705473559
psychology and the medical student. 2. psychology in the university of surrey human biology degree course. 19705488366
lead concentrations in human tissues. 19705488693
damage to the human nasal mucosa by wood dust. 19705527741
human rabies: wild animals challenge dogs as sources of contagion. 19705530591
environmental factors in child mortality in england and wales. 19715539568
further tests of the hypothesis that influenza in pregnancy causes malformations. 19715547792
influenza 1969-1970. incidence in general practice based on a population survey. 19715560490
an account of an influenza epidemic from general practice. 19715560491
bristol human disease course for dental students. 19675583320
vaccines in the management of influenza epidemics in schools. 19685636689
human tissue act. 19685643741
man in a european society: (intergovernmental work programme of the council of europe, 1967-68). 19685648523
work load of a clinical department. 19685673115
a third phosphoglucomutase locus in man. 19685691704
observations on the cranium of broken hill man homo rhodesiensis woodward. 19685693087
pneumonia. present-day experiences and trends. 19685708154
[experiment with a "greater family". the "family by choice" as means for the rehabilitation of human values]. 19685718054
glaucoma in the isle of man with special reference to pseudo-capsular exfoliation. 19685724442
human nutrition; the information requirements of a government department. 19685726987
the origins of man: exhibit. 19685727002
[efficacy of bcg vaccine in man]. 19685730837
[limits of strength of the wall of the normal and pathological human thoracic aorta]. 19685743291
[influenza a 2 and b in the past 10 years]. 19685745691
outbreak of food-poisoning caused by salmonella virchow in spit-roasted chicken.salmonella virchow food-poisoning acquired from eating chicken caused illness in at least 50 people who attended a tennis club function in liverpool, and in many other people in the merseyside area. in some cases the illness was severe, with positive blood cultures, and 35 people were admitted to hospital.the source of infection was a retail shop which received deep-frozen chickens already contaminated with s. virchow from a packing-station in cheshire. these chickens were spit-roasted after ina ...19685750404
infection with the avian-battey group of mycobacteria in england and wales.of 109 cases in england and wales in which mycobacteria of the avian-battey group were isolated from man 89 were considered genuine infections (including 32 with mycobacterium avium) and six were doubtful. almost half the significant cases were lung infections in men in dusty occupations, mostly coal miners with pneumoconiosis, and just over a quarter were non-pulmonary, mostly cervical adenitis in children. the prognosis in lung infections was serious, especially in the presence of pneumoconios ...19695813802
experimentation in children. a reexamination of legal ethical principles. 19695820383
ergonomics in england. 19695823007
asian influenza in 1963 in two general practices in cambridge, england.a clinical, epidemiological and virological investigation was conducted on patients in two general practices in cambridge, england, during an influenza epidemic between february and april 1963. the epidemiological pattern differed from that of the 1957-58 asian influenza epidemic in that the overall incidence was considerably lower (3.2%) and that the highest attack rates were not in school children but in pre-school children (71.5 per 1000 persons).virological investigation confirmed the diagno ...19655827480
the outbreak of unknown infectious disease in the meon valley 1948, clinically diagnosed in retrospect as an echo virus infection. 19655829617
beryllium poisoning--lessons in control of man-made disease. 19655847559
respiratory virus infections of man and animals. some studies on the importance of viruses in respiratory disease. 19665902376
organochlorine insecticides: concentrations in human blood and adipose tissue. 19665925626
sudden death in infancy: a microbiological and epidemiological study. 19665927923
respiratory virus infections in man and animals. equine influenza viruses isolated at cambridge in 1963 and 1965. 19665948143
[on body growth in "grown-up" man]. 19665955626
long-term efficacy of oil-adjuvant influenza vaccine in an industrial population. 19676017141
influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and pneumonia in glasgow, 1962-5. 19676017521
the incidence of hi antibody to influenza virus a2/singapore/ 1/57 in individuals of blood groups a and o. 19676026751
influenza 1966. 19676042787
survey of influenza antibody in england by the strain-specific complement-fixation test. 19676047848
organo-chloride pesticide residues in human fats from somerset. 19676072050
outbreak of e.c.h.o. virus type 30 in a general practice. 19676081003
[the medical system and social ideology. construction of a moral logic and body of thought in the 18th century].this article proposes an historical case study of the relationships between a body of medical knowledge and the social and political concerns of the period in which it developed. the analysis of the writings of j.c. lettsom (1744-1815), a quaker physician, and famous practitioner of london, demonstrates that very narrow links exist between his medical conceptions on the human body and his conceptions on the organisation and the functioning of the "social body". such notions as freedom, equilibri ...19846085983
an outbreak of erythema infectiosum associated with human parvovirus infection.erythema infectiosum (ei) or fifth disease is a mild, acute exanthematous disease, occurring mainly among children, for which a causative virus has long been sought. in may 1983 an outbreak of exanthematous illness was reported in a primary school in north london. children attending the school were investigated by questionnaire and 162 (43.9%) reported an illness with the features of ei. in each of 36 cases investigated virologically the illness was associated with parvovirus infection. moreover ...19846086750
prevalence of acute conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus in an ophthalmic casualty department.the causes of acute conjunctivitis in 140 consecutive patients attending an ophthalmic casualty department in london were investigated. laboratory evidence of infection with chlamydia trachomatis, adenovirus, or herpes simplex virus was found in 52 (37%) cases. in 70 cases (50%) no evidence of infection with these agents was found. in the remaining 18 cases (13%) laboratory results were inconclusive. the importance of these findings, the role of laboratory investigations in the differential diag ...19846087876
a large outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 8.a large nosocomial outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 8 is described. two hundred cases were identified, 123 by isolation of the virus and 77 by detecting hi antibodies in convalescent sera. infection usually presented as a severe keratoconjunctivitis, and 107 (54%) of infected patients developed sub-epithelial corneal opacities. the majority (66%) of infections were acquired at the accident and emergency department attached to a large urban eye hospital when patients attend ...19846094666
homosexual men in london: lymphadenopathy, immune status, and epstein-barr virus infection.by november 7, 1983, 24 cases of aids in the united kingdom had been reported to the communicable disease surveillance centre. at the same time an increasing number of homosexual men with unexplained lymphadenopathy syndrome (las) have been seen in our department. between december 1982 and july 1983, 14 homosexual men with las and 11 healthy homosexual men were studied. patients with las had a high number of lifetime episodes of sexually transmitted diseases, a history of recent sexual activity ...19846100002
in-vitro culture of human hydatid material. 19806101653
viral hepatitis markers in blood donors with history of jaundice. 19806102313
influence of maternal diet on plasma-prolactin levels during lactation.an improvement in maternal diet produced significant reductions in plasma-prolactin concentration at all stages of lactation. the prolonged high prolactin concentrations found in undernourished mothers may ensure milk synthesis when food intake is limited, by preferentially channelling nutrients towards the breast. the lower hormonal levels associated with improved maternal nutrition may shorten the period of post-partum infertility despite prolonged breast-feeding.19806102628
excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza in england and wales.by means of a stepwise regression analysis, an estimate was made of the number of deaths and new sickness benefit claims associated with influenza in the winters of 1976--79. in the moderately widespread outbreak of 1976---76 there were 22250 estimated excess deaths, of which 19590 were in the age group 65 years and over. in the same winter there were 908000 estimated excess sickness benefit claims. the smaller outbreaks of the winters of 1976--79 were associated with between 4000 and 6000 exces ...19806102679
sir frederick treves and the elephant man. 19806104260
spread of tuberculosis within a family.a man aged 22 was admitted to hospital with active pulmonary tuberculosis. routine contact examination and close follow-up of his family detected fourteen members who had been infected. thorough follow-up of all close contacts of patients with infectious tuberculosis is vital to the control of tuberculosis. efficient contact procedure depends on close liaison between chest clinic, health visitor, and district community physician.19816110832
non-a, non-b hepatitis in west london.acute and convalescent sera from 368 patients drawn from a 3-year survey of viral hepatitis in west london were tested for radioimmunoassay for evidence of recent infection with hepatitis a or b and, if neither was found, antibody to epstein-barr (eb) virus and cytomegalovirus. in 215 patients (58%) there was evidence of hepatitis a, in 98 (27%) hepatitis b, and in 5 both a and b. 2 patients with evidence of recent eb virus infection were excluded, leaving 48 (13%) attributed to non-a, non-b hep ...19816112394
non-a, non-b hepatitis in west london. 19816116882
medicine and the law. no claim in english law for wrongful birth.no cause for action was found for infant mckay's wrongful birth claim against her mother's physician and a health facility whose alleged negligence in detecting mrs. mckay's rubella and advising an abortion resulted in the plaintiff's being born handicapped. in protecting the sanctity of viable human life, english law does not recognize a right to be born "normal" or not to be born at all, nor does it hold a physician or health facility under any duty of care to a fetus to terminate its life.19826122002
preventing the ultimate disaster.the international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war is cited as the most effective medium for the worldwide transmission of the concerns of the medical profession regarding the buildup of nuclear weapons. the second congress of this group, held in cambridge, england, on 3 april 1982, is briefly described. the congress was largely devoted to the possible effects of nuclear war in europe. over 200 physicians from thirty-five countries participated.19826122060
a tuberculosis outbreak in deal, kent.6 people associated with a rowing club had active tuberculosis and 2 of them died. although an effort to follow standard contact-tracing procedures was made and the connection with the club was recognised when the 3rd case was diagnosed, none of the active cases was detected by contact tracing. altogether more than 500 contacts were examined; 443 were tuberculin tested and 222 had chest x-rays, 1 death, of a man said to have been an alcoholic, was due to his refusal to seek medical advice. the o ...19826122861
sir patrick manson's studies on the transmission and biology of filariasis.in the obscurity of amoy, south china, patrick manson first recognized that a bloodsucking arthropod can harbor--and presumably transmit--organisms of human disease: in particular, that the house mosquito is an intermediary of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. manson published his find in 1878 and within two years discovered that the parasite's "embryos" (microfilariae) exhibit "nocturnal periodicity," i.e., they absent themselves from the blood during the day and reappear at night coi ...19836131527
human parvovirus, the cause of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? 19836134148
coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm responses in children with insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset; type i) diabetes mellitus.coxsackie b1-6 virus igm responses were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 11 of 28 (39%) children aged 3-14 years in whom insulin-dependent (juvenile onset; type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) developed in 1982. 5 patients had a homotypic response to coxsackie b4 and 1 had a homotypic response to b5. a serum sample had been obtained from each patient 2 to 16 weeks after onset of iddm symptoms. islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (igg) and complement fixing islet cell antibod ...19836134178
use of normal immunoglobulin in an echovirus 11 outbreak in a special-care baby unit.an epidemic of echovirus 11 infections occurred in the cambridge special-care baby unit during august to october, 1982. there were 21 confirmed infections in babies; 1 died, 1 recovered after resection of a kidney, 5 had meningitis, and 6 had respiratory symptoms. normal human immunoglobulin which contained antibody to echovirus 11 was administered intramuscularly (250 mg) to give protection. none of the children given immunoglobulin immediately after delivery (205 doses) developed symptoms or i ...19836135922
declining t-cell immunity to influenza, 1977-82.influenza-a-virus-specific, hla-restricted, cytotoxic t-cell immunity, measured in 189 volunteers in the six years 1977-82, showed a sharp decline from 1978. it is shown that natural infection with influenza-a virus boosts cytotoxic t-cell memory. the decline in t-cell immunity is probably associated with the low prevalence of influenza-a-virus infection since 1978.19836137602
eye hospital eye. 19836139649
formaldehyde in the british chemical industry. an occupational cohort study.this paper reports the mortality experience of a cohort of 7680 men who had first been employed before 1965 in one of six factories in the british chemical or plastics industry where formaldehyde had been manufactured or used. all the jobs undertaken by each man were classified, on the basis of subjective information, into four categories in terms of exposure to formaldehyde. more than 98% of the workforce were traced to the end of 1981. no deaths from nasal cancer were reported (1.07 expected), ...19846142316
clinical findings and serological evidence of htlv-iii infection in homosexual contacts of patients with aids and persistent generalised lymphadenopathy in london.between 1980 and 1984 28 homosexual men who had had ano-genital intercourse with patients with either acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (pgl) were followed up. the pattern of the sexual links indicated that within this group there were two clusters, one consisting of 7 men and the other of 13.17 of the 28 contacts became ill with either aids or pgl; among those in the clusters, 4 died of aids and 11 had pgl, and of the rest 2 had pgl. 16 of the 1 ...19846147547
human astrovirus serotypes. 19846150404
ten genetic polymorphisms in bladder cancer.data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder, detailing red cell surface blood group antigenic phenotypes, serum haptoglobin phenotypes, and some red cell isoenzyme phenotypes. account is taken of the stage of the disease at presentation. the results are compared with corresponding phenotype frequencies in groups of presumed healthy persons originating either in yorkshire or county durham. differences in relative incidences were found in the haptoglobin, phosphogluc ...19836221102
the incidence of down's syndrome over a 19-year period with special reference to maternal age.the incidence of down's syndrome in the liverpool and bootle areas from 1961 to 1979 was investigated. a total of 319 liveborn cases was ascertained over this period. using 3-year moving averages, the incidence of the condition fell gradually from 1.62 per 1000 livebirths for 1961 to 1963 to 1.09 per 1000 livebirths for 1977 to 1979. this trend is significant at the 0.1% level. over the same period the mean maternal age of down's syndrome births fell gradually from 36.7 years in 1961 to 29.0 yea ...19836221104
huntington disease: genetics and epidemiology.huntington disease (hd) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the major gene expression occurs in the central nervous system. it is characterized by the appearance of progressive chorea and dementia, usually in adult life. one tragic aspect of the disorder, due to its late age of onset and, until recently, lack of a presymptomatic marker, is that transmission of the disease to offspring invariably occurs before symptoms develop in the parent. although the onset of symptoms and the rate of p ...19846233902
nitrate and human cancer: a review of the evidence.nitrites, derived mainly from ingested nitrates, may react in vivo with secondary nitrogen compounds occurring naturally in certain foods to form n-nitroso compounds, which are potent carcinogens in laboratory animals. this paper reviews the mechanism of their formation and the evidence from epidemiological studies that high nitrate ingestion is involved in the aetiology of human cancer.19806252106
an outbreak of adenovirus type 4 conjunctivitis.an unusually large outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 4 involved 113 proved cases during a 7-month period. though the disease was less severe than is commonly seen in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by other serotypes, the cornea was affected in 23% of cases and symptoms persisted for at least 5 weeks in 6 patients. a concurrent increase in nonocular adenovirus type 4 infections in the bristol area was not observed. nine of the cases could have arisen as a result of hospit ...19806252950
occurrence and frequency of coronavirus infections in humans as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.the occurrence of human coronavirus (hcv) infections was analyzed by using sequential sera taken between 1976 and 1981 from adults working in the london area. antibody rises to hcv 229e and hcv oc43 group viruses were measured in serum samples from these subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. hcv infections were found throughout the year, although most occurred during two periods, from june through september and from december through february. there were no marked seasonal differences in ...19826292101
clinical and epidemiological features of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis in london.ninety-eight patients were studied. ninety were consecutive patients who were isolation-positive for adenovirus, and 8, who were associated with a hospital outbreak of adenovirus serotype 8 infection, developed characteristic features of infection but were isolation-negative. the ratio of males to females was 2 to 1, and most patients were aged 20 to 39. adenovirus serotypes 3, 7, and 8 were isolated from 86% of patients, and serotypes 2, 4, 5, 11, 15, and 15/29 from the remaining 14%. adenoviru ...19836293533
isolation of indigenous enteroviruses from chemically treated and dewatered sludge samples.samples of wastewater sludge were examined for infectious enteroviruses before and after they had been chemically conditioned and dewatered. the least virus was recovered from the cake produced by filter pressing of sludge, which had a greatly increased solids content (39 to 45% [wt/vol]) relative to the untreated sludge (4.2 to 6.2% [wt/vol]) and in one plant was at ph 11 due to the lime conditioner used. conditioning with a cationic polyelectrolyte before dewatering by centrifugation produced ...19826295275
adenovirus serotypes isolated from ocular infections in london.during the period 1973-8 700 adenoviruses were isolated from the eyes of patients presenting at moorfields eye hospital. of these, 678 were serotyped by a neutralisation test. twenty-one different serotypes were identified. serotype 3, 7, and 10 accounted for 68% of the isolates, 4, 8, 15 (15/29), and 19 for 25%, and the other 14 serotypes for 7%. community outbreaks of ocular infections by adenovirus 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 (15/29) were observed. outbreaks with adenovirus 3, 7, and 10 appeared to c ...19836295436
acute type a, b, and non-a, non-b hepatitis in a hospital population in london: clinical and epidemiological features.the aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in 172 patients admitted to an infectious diseases hospital in north london was: hepatitis a in 88 (51%), hepatitis b in 58 (34%), epstein-barr (eb) virus in four (2%) and non-a, non-b in 22 (13%). nanb hepatitis was a milder disease than that associated with the other viruses. it predominantly occurred in young men (77%). in half of the cases there was evidence of parenteral transmission. it was not transmitted by sexual contact.19836303917
epidemiology of coronavirus respiratory infections.human coronaviruses were found by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in upper respiratory tract secretions taken during 30% of 108 acute respiratory infections experienced by 30 children under age 6 years with recurrent respiratory infections (index group), and during 29% of 51 acute infections experienced by their siblings. lower respiratory tract infection--predominantly wheezy bronchitis--occurred in 30% of the index children's coronavirus positive infections but in none of their siblings' inf ...19836307189
antibodies to fastidious faecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) in sera from children.three hundred and seventy-seven single sera from children in the united kingdom, hong kong, new zealand, gambia, guatemala, and kuwait were tested for antibodies to fastidious fecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) by neutralisation test using a variant of ad41 (ad41a). all children were less than 12 years of age, and at least 41.1% of the total tested had antibodies. one hundred and fifty-four of these sera were collected during the 1960s from london children attending day nurseries, and 54.5% ...19836308143
previous epstein-barr virus infections in children with special educational needs. 19826309975
an assessment of the radiological impact of the windscale reactor fire, october 1957.on the 10th and 11 october 1957 a fire in the no 1 pile at the windscale establishment in cumbria led to an uncontrolled release of activity to the atmosphere. the resultant cloud subsequently dispersed and radionuclides could be detected over england, wales and parts of northern europe. the extensive environmental measurements which were made during and after the release enabled a fairly accurate estimate to be made of the radiation doses to the most exposed individuals in the local population. ...19846335136
[the man behind the syndrome: thomas hodgkin. an impulsive pioneer of pathology and fighter for justice for the poor]. 19836343738
an historical perspective on the law of personality and status with special regard to the human fetus and the rights of women.the law of status enabled primitive societies to deal with the rights and duties of different types of persons--including the fetus and its bearer--within the group without the need to create elaborate social mechanisms and legal enforcement to install and perpetuate order in the society. roman law acknowledged and classified personal status as the primary subject of law. english common law held that the principal aim of society was to protect individuals in their enjoyment of absolute rights. a ...19836343918
such nothing is terrestriall: philosophy of mind on phineas fletcher's purple island.phineas fletcher's poeticized human anatomy is less understood today than in the seventeenth century partly because fletcher's contemporaries made less rigorous distinctions than we do between science and art as conveyors of truth. the present study shows how the empiricist and materialist terms of the anatomical sections of the purple island operate as a foundation for fletcher's system of human self-knowledge. by embracing the claims of physical science and carrying them to their limits, fletc ...19836345652
robert liston's life and work in the renaissance of plastic surgery.liston's background and life during the 19th century are described. highlights in his career are reviewed in an attempt to provide an understanding of the man and his work. his work and his contributions to plastic surgery are presented.19836349507
samuel pepys and post-traumatic stress disorder.samuel pepys's diary allows us an opportunity to see how a man of acknowledged ability and stability coped with the severe psychological trauma of being involved in the great fire of london in 1666. his self-monitoring provides an excellent record of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder and an account of his coping behaviour. despite being one of the newest categories of mental disorder in the official nomenclature, post-traumatic stress disorder has obviously had a long existence.19836349738
serious nosocomial infection caused by morganella morganii and proteus mirabilis in a cardiac surgery unit.in july and august 1981, five patients in the cardiac surgery unit of the bristol royal infirmary developed septicemia caused by morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, or both of these species. three of the patients had serious wound infections, and three of the patients died. typing of the m. morganii isolates by o-serotyping and of the p. mirabilis isolates by o-serotyping, proticine production and sensitivity, and the dienes reaction confirmed cross infection by both species. although m. mor ...19836350354
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