Publications

respiratory disease causes losses in scottish cattle and poultry.		2006	16531579
heterozygosity, inbreeding and neonatal traits in soay sheep on st kilda.	we investigated whether birth weight and neonatal survival, a period within which 24% of all mortalities occur, were correlated with levels of inbreeding in st kilda soay sheep, using pedigree inbreeding coefficients and four marker-based estimators of inbreeding. none of the inbreeding estimators, either of the offspring, or of their mothers, explained significant variation in a lamb's birth weight or probability of surviving the neonatal period, suggesting low inbreeding depression for these t ...	2005	16156810
selection on mothers and offspring: whose phenotype is it and does it matter?	reproductive and early life-history traits can be considered aspects of either offspring or maternal phenotype, and their evolution will therefore depend on selection operating through offspring and maternal components of fitness. furthermore, selection at these levels may be antagonistic, with optimal offspring and maternal fitness occurring at different phenotypic values. we examined selection regimes on the correlated traits of birth weight, birth date, and litter size in soay sheep (ovis ari ...	2005	15807429
dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcdd/fs and pcbs) in food from farms close to foot and mouth disease animal pyres.	to control the outbreak of foot and mouth disease, which occurred in the uk in early 2001, a large number of farm animals were slaughtered. where it was not possible to render or landfill the carcasses, they were destroyed by burning on open pyres, with wood, coal and other materials. uncontrolled combustion such as this is known to produce small quantities of dioxins and an investigation was made into whether, as a result of the burning, there was an elevation in the concentrations of these com ...	2005	15798806
modeling linkage disequilibrium in natural populations: the example of the soay sheep population of st. kilda, scotland.	the use of linkage disequilibrium to localize the genes underlying quantitative traits has received considerable attention in the livestock genetics community over the past few years. this has resulted in the investigation of linkage disequilibrium structures of several domestic livestock populations to assess their potential use in fine-mapping efforts. however, the linkage disequilibrium structure of free-living populations has been less well investigated. as the direct evaluation of linkage d ...	2005	15965254
concentration and prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces at pasture in scotland.	to study the presence, numbers and virulence profiles of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces and validate the microbiological methods used to attain these data.	2005	15715867
natural cryptosporidium hominis infections in scottish cattle.		2005	15923554
glimpses of a hidden burden: hydatid disease in eighteenth-century scotland.	"hydatids" or watery cysts have been observed in animals and humans since ancient times, giving rise to frequent speculation as to their nature and origin. this essay focuses on an extremely rare clinical case managed at the edinburgh infirmary in 1785 by james gregory, professor of the theory of medicine. following the death of the patient, an autopsy disclosed lesions characteristic of a condition eventually labeled "echinococcosis of the liver," today one of the most common parasitic diseases ...	2005	16184019
predictors of early survival in soay sheep: cohort-, maternal- and individual-level variation.	a demographic understanding of population dynamics requires an appreciation of the processes influencing survival--a demographic rate influenced by parameters varying at the individual, maternal and cohort level. there have been few attempts to partition the variance in demography contributed by each of these parameter types. here, we use data from a feral population of soay sheep (ovis aries), from the island of st kilda, to explore the relative importance of these parameter types on early surv ...	2005	16321784
quantification of the escherichia coli o157 reservoir in grampian, scotland.		2005	15765897
maternal genetic effects set the potential for evolution in a free-living vertebrate population.	heritable maternal effects have important consequences for the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic traits under selection, but have only rarely been tested for or quantified in evolutionary studies. here we estimate maternal effects on early-life traits in a feral population of soay sheep (ovis aries) from st kilda, scotland. we then partition the maternal effects into genetic and environmental components to obtain the first direct estimates of maternal genetic effects in a free-living populatio ...	2005	15715846
male mate choice influences female promiscuity in soay sheep.	in most animal species, males are predicted to compete for reproductive opportunities, while females are expected to choose between potential mates. however, when males' rate of reproduction is constrained, or females vary widely in 'quality', male mate choice is also predicted to occur. such conditions exist in the promiscuous mating system of feral soay sheep on st kilda, scotland, where a highly synchronized mating season, intense sperm competition and limitations on sperm production constrai ...	2005	15734690
the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 1: characteristics and control.	the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland comprised 177 infected premises (ips) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from march 1 until may 23, 2001. initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through longtown market in adjacent cumbria. thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by longtown market contacts and acro ...	2005	15751571
the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 2: serosurveillance, and efficiency and effectiveness of control procedures after the national ban on animal movements.	after the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland in 2001, serosurveillance of sheep remaining in the 3 km radius protection zones around infected premises (ips), and within a 10 km radius of ips, revealed no evidence of infection. the epidemic was brought under control by a range of traditional techniques: slaughter of all animals on ips and of veterinary-assessed dangerous contacts (dcs), movement restrictions, biosecurity, tracing of potential sou ...	2005	15765895
livestock grazing affects the egg size of an insectivorous passerine.	livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change, and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species worldwide. in britain, there is particular concern that severe grazing pressure is deleteriously affecting vegetation and birds in upland regions. however, the mechanism by which grazing affects birds is unclear. here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that sheep grazing pressure affects the egg size of a common upland passerine: the meadow pipit anthus ...	2005	17148198
bacteriology and somatic cell counts in milk samples from ewes on a scottish farm.	milk samples from 50 sheep on a single scottish research farm were collected weekly for 10 wk postpartum. samples were analyzed for somatic cell counts (scc) each week and bacteriologic culture was done for 7 of the 10 wk. a total of 492 udder half samples were cultured, of which 467 had corresponding cell count data. statistical analysis on complete scc and culture data showed no association between scc and bacterial isolation, even when more than 10 colonies of a single bacterial species were ...	2004	15352543
prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental pollutants in sewage sludge alters emotional reactivity and exploratory behaviour in sheep.	in order to find out whether exposure to environmental pollutants (ep) present in sewage sludge can change the behaviour of sheep, we compared the behaviour of two groups of 5-month old lambs (ovis aries) with respect to their emotional reactivity and exploratory behaviour. one group (treated, t) comprised the offspring of ewes who had been kept throughout their lives on pastures with slightly elevated, environmental levels of pollutants, as a result of the application of sewage sludge at rates ...	2004	15336895
modelling non-additive and nonlinear signals from climatic noise in ecological time series: soay sheep as an example.	understanding how climate can interact with other factors in determining patterns of species abundance is a persistent challenge in ecology. recent research has suggested that the dynamics exhibited by some populations may be a non-additive function of climate, with climate affecting population growth more strongly at high density than at low density. however, we lack methodologies to adequately explain patterns in population growth generated as a result of interactions between intrinsic factors ...	2004	15451687
cla survey in scotland.		2004	15461370
contamination and compensation: gruinard as a 'menace to the mainland'.	the decades-long contamination of gruinard island by anthrax is now a well-known part of the history of biological weapons (bw) development, as well as that of military encroachments in the scottish highlands and islands (and the authorities' rather less persistent efforts at damage limitation). some accounts have included the related episode, reportedly well-remembered by local people, of anthrax contamination on the mainland close to gruinard. this occurred in 1942--43, when bw experiments wer ...	2004	15688884
characterisation of two triple resistant field isolates of teladorsagia from scottish lowland sheep farms.	the anthelmintic resistance status of two field isolates derived from farms (farm a and b) located near edinburgh were examined using both controlled efficacy tests (cet) and faecal egg count reduction tests (fecrt). efficacies against fenbendazole (fbz), levamisole (lev) and ivermectin (ivm) and, for one isolate, against combinations of these anthelmintics and moxidectin were determined in naïve lambs, artificially infected with the isolates and treated with the compounds at the manufacturers r ...	2004	15325045
national survey for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain (1999-2000).	the objective of these surveys was to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of salmonella in healthy pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter, and of pig carcase contamination with salmonella. these data can be used as a baseline against which future change in salmonella prevalence in these species at slaughter can be monitored.	2004	15012813
the role of non-viraemic transmission on the persistence and dynamics of a tick borne virus--louping ill in red grouse ( lagopus lagopus scoticus) and mountain hares ( lepus timidus).	there exist many tick borne infections that are of either economic or public health interest. mathematical models have previously been used to describe the dynamics of these infections. however it has recently come to light that there is an alternative mechanism for the transmission of these diseases that has not been considered in a modelling framework. this is transmission through ticks co-feeding on non-viraemic hosts. this paper extends a simple mathematical model to include this alternative ...	2004	14745507
sir david monro, md (1813-1877), of new zealand: his antecedents and his descendants.	david monro, md, was a son of the third professor monro of edinburgh. he went into practice in edinburgh and then emigrated to the nelson settlement in new zealand. there he practised a little medicine, but was mostly a gentleman sheep-farmer. he was a member of the first parliament of new zealand in 1854 and served as the second speaker, when he did much to set up proper standing orders for the colonial legislature. he was knighted in 1866.	2004	14740022
rising burden of immature sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus) on red grouse (lagopus lagopus scoticus) chicks in the scottish uplands.	the sheep tick ixodes ricinus (l.) (acari: ixodidae) is an ectoparasite of major economic and pathogenic importance in scotland. its distribution in the scottish uplands is assumed to be governed by the abundance and distribution of its definitive hosts (deer and sheep) and climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall. as the numbers of its major host in scotland, red deer, have increased dramatically and climatic conditions have become more favourable, the level of parasitism could have ...	2004	15009449
red deer stocks in the highlands of scotland.	grazing by hill sheep and red deer prevents the regeneration of woodland in many parts of the scottish highlands and has also led to extensive loss of heather cover. conservation bodies claim that there has been a rapid rise in highland deer numbers caused by inadequate management and that these need to be drastically reduced. here we show that the recent increase in red deer stocks has probably been overestimated and suggest that the gradual rise in numbers since 1970 may be a consequence of a ...	2004	15152241
testing for maedi-visna.		2004	14994867
culicoides midge trap enhancement with animal odour baits in scotland.	examples of the commercial trap mosquito magnet pro (mmp emitting attractant 1-octen-3-ol in carbon dioxide 500 ml/min generated from propane fuel), were run 24 h/day on the isle of skye, scotland, during june-august 2001 and evaluated for catching culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). from 30 days trapping, the catch averaged 2626 +/- 1358 culicoides females/trap/day (mean +/- se, range 558 +/- 139 to 6088 +/- 3597, for five sets of six consecutive nights), predominantly the pest ...	2004	15641999
a survey of anthelmintic resistant nematode parasites in scottish sheep flocks.	the state of anthelmintic resistance in scottish sheep flocks was evaluated during april-august 2000 using in vitro bioassays, egg hatch assays for detecting thiabendazole (tbz) resistance and larval development assays for levamisole, ivermectin and tbz resistance. anaerobic sampling kits and detailed questionnaires outlining farm demographics and current management practices were mailed to 227 moredun foundation member farms, replies were received from 98 farms. kits received from 90 farms cont ...	2003	14597280
scottish sheep scab initiative.		2003	14582736
epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium in animals and people in scotland between 1990 and 2001.	two serovars of salmonella which are currently of particular importance in both human and animal infections are salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) and typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104). this paper describes the trends in the relationships between the levels of infection of people and a range of farm animal species with these two serovars and explores some of the reasons behind them. in 1996, there was a peak of 520 reports of s typhimurium dt104 infection in people ...	2003	14620550
the potential role of wild rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants.	mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, the organism responsible for paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep has been found in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in the east of scotland. few studies have investigated either the level of faecal contamination by rabbits on farms, or the potential infectivity of rabbit excreta. the rate of rabbit faecal contamination deposited and the numbers encountered were estimated for 21 fields on 4 farms with a paratuberculosis problem. 7357 +/- 2571 ...	2003	12825741
survey of sheep nematode parasite control methods in south-east scotland.		2003	12553582
fine-scale genetic structure in a free-living ungulate population.	the fine-scale genetic structure of wild animal populations has rarely been analysed, yet is potentially important as a confounding factor in quantitative genetic and allelic association studies, as well as having implications for population dynamics, inbreeding and kin selection. in this study, we examined the extent to which the three spatial subunits, or hefts, of the village bay population of soay sheep (ovis aries) on st kilda, scotland, are genetically structured using data from 20 microsa ...	2003	12675828
nematodiriosis and spring teladorsagiosis in lambs.		2003	12846297
foot and mouth epidemic reduces cases of human cryptosporidiosis in scotland.	in scotland, rates of cryptosporidiosis infection in humans peak during the spring, a peak that is coincident with the peak in rates of infection in farm animals (during lambing and calving time). here we show that, during the outbreak of foot and mouth disease (fmd) in 2001, there was a significant reduction in human cases of cryptosporidiosis infection in southern scotland, where fmd was present, whereas, in the rest of scotland, there was a reduction in cases that was not significant. we asso ...	2003	12934196
a descriptive study of 'kangaroo gait' in sheep in northern britain.	two questionnaires were undertaken to obtain improved knowledge of the signalment, incidence and risk factors of the condition termed 'kangaroo gait' (kg; a forelimb locomotor disorder of adult female sheep). the first survey was mailed to 221 veterinary surgeons in practices in northern britain which provided veterinary care for sheep, and the second was mailed to 438 sheep-flock owners and managers located in the scottish borders, who were recruited via their veterinary surgeons. responses of ...	2003	14519343
the risk of disease transmission to livestock posed by contamination of farm stored feed by wildlife excreta.	livestock feed is susceptible to contamination from wildlife excreta during on farm storage. pathogens associated with diseases such as paratuberculosis, salmonella and cryptosporidiosis are present in wild rodent and bird excreta. feed stores on four farms in the east of scotland were monitored monthly over the winter of 1998/9 to quantify the levels of wildlife faecal contamination. a mean of 79.9 rodent (95% confidence interval: 37.5-165.9) and 24.9 (14.3-41.7) bird faeces were deposited per ...	2003	12825742
biotechnology. sheep fail to produce golden fleece.		2003	12829753
soay rams target reproductive activity towards promiscuous females' optimal insemination period.	female promiscuity is thought to have resulted in the evolution of male behaviours that confer advantages in the sperm competition that ensues. in mammalian species, males can gain a post-copulatory advantage in this sperm 'raffle' by inseminating females at the optimal time relative to ovulation, leading to the prediction that males should preferentially associate and copulate with females at these times. to the best of our knowledge, we provide the first high-resolution test of this prediction ...	2003	14561297
ringworm caused by trichophyton verrucosum--an emerging problem in sheep flocks.		2002	12092624
bse in sheep? humiliated lab fights to save face.		2002	11823623
sheep farming in sutherland in the eighteenth century.		2002	15889509
increased risk of maedi-visna.		2002	12036248
landscape with dead sheep: what they did to gruinard island.	in the context of intensified international concern about biological weapons (bw), this article looks at the pioneering british research in this field during the second world war, which caused the long-term contamination of gruinard island in north-west scotland. public record office documents have been examined to show how scientists reported on the experiments at the time and what they thought about their (top secret) work, as well as how politicians directed their efforts and used their resul ...	2002	12044028
reporting of sheep lameness conditions to veterinarians in the scottish borders.		2002	12120925
a survey of the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in raw meats, raw cow's milk and raw-milk cheeses in south-east scotland.	2429 samples of foodstuffs were examined for the presence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) by means of immunomagnetic separation (ims) over a 2-year period commencing april 1997. specimens comprised 1190 raw meats, 500 raw milks and 739 raw-milk cheeses. the meat and cheese samples were purchased from retail premises in south-east scotland; raw milk samples were obtained directly from farms. in addition, total e. coli counts were performed on milk and cheese samples, and th ...	2001	11407549
an outbreak of e. coli o157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply.	an outbreak of e. coli o157 infection occurred in the highland region of scotland in the summer of 1999. the source of the outbreak was traced to an untreated private water supply. all six cases identified arose in visitors to the area, and most had very limited exposure to the contaminated water. permanent residents on the same supply were unaffected. the e. coli o157 isolates from the water, sheep faeces collected from around the source and the human stool samples were indistinguishable using ...	2001	11293673
population dynamics of a scrapie outbreak.	a detailed analysis of a scrapie outbreak in a flock of cheviot sheep is described. a total of 33 cases of 1473 sheep born to the flock were reported between 1985 and 1994. the epidemiology of scrapie can only be understood with reference to sheep demography, the population genetics of susceptibility to scrapie, pathogenesis during a long incubation period, and the rate of transmission (by both horizontal and vertical routes), all of which interact in complex ways. in recent work a mathematical ...	2001	11504423
an epidemiological study of the relations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and indices of chronic peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological abnormalities in sheep farmers and dippers.	to investigate the hypothesis that chronic low level exposure to organophosphates (ops) in sheep dips is related to clinically detectable measures of polyneuropathy.	2001	11600725
positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population.	parasite resistance and body size are subject to directional natural selection in a population of feral soay sheep (ovis aries) on the island of st. kilda, scotland. classical evolutionary theory predicts that directional selection should erode additive genetic variation and favor the maintenance of alleles that have negative pleiotropic effects on other traits associated with fitness. contrary to these predictions, in this study we show that there is considerable additive genetic variation for ...	2001	11761070
anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep in scotland.		2001	11497405
hepatic encephalopathy associated with cobalt deficiency and white liver disease in lambs.		2001	11808665
prevalence of vacuolar lesions consistent with scrapie in the brains of healthy cull sheep of the shetland islands.	to determine the levels of background scrapie-like pathology in the brains of clinically normal adult sheep, the brains of 1106 sheep from 28 known scrapie-infected flocks and nine apparently uninfected flocks were examined during 1998 and 1999. one per cent of the brains had vacuolar pathology and disease-specific accumulations of prion protein consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie. all the positive animals had at least one allele of the prion protein gene encoding valine at codon 136, and ori ...	2000	11079439
arsenic metabolism in seaweed-eating sheep from northern scotland.	cation exchange and anion exchange liquid chromatography were coupled to an icp-ms and optimised for the separation of 13 different arsenic species in body fluids (arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid (dmaa), monomethylarsonic acid (mmaa), trimethylarsine oxide (tmao), tetramethylarsonium ion (tma), arsenobetaine (asb), arsenocholine (asc), dimethylarsinoyl ethanol (dmae) and four common dimethylarsinoylribosides (arsenosugars). the arsenic species were determined in seaweed extracts and in ...	2000	11220824
the role of lambs in louping-ill virus amplification.	in some areas of scotland, the prevalence of louping-ill virus has not decreased despite the vaccination of replacement ewes for over 30 years. the role of unvaccinated lambs in viral persistence was examined through a combination of an empirical study of infection rates of lambs and mathematical modelling. serological sampling revealed that most lambs were protected by colostral immunity at turnout in may/june but were fully susceptible by the end of september. between 8 and 83% of lambs were i ...	2000	10726271
role of small mammals in the persistence of louping-ill virus: field survey and tick co-feeding studies.	louping-ill (li) is a tick-borne viral disease of red grouse, lagopus lagopus scoticus lath. (tetraonidae: galliformes), and sheep, ovis aries l. (bovidae: artiodactyla), that causes economic loss to upland farms and sporting estates. unvaccinated sheep, grouse and mountain hares, lepus timidus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), are known to transmit li virus, whereas red deer, cenrus elaphus l. (cervidae: artiodactyla), and rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), do not. however, th ...	2000	11016435
epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland.	a survey of 22 farms confirmed the presence of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland. regional differences were apparent in the prevalence of the disease in rabbits, with a significantly higher incidence occurring in the tayside region. statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between a previous history or current problem of paratuberculosis in cattle and the presence of paratuberculosis in rabbits on the farms. molecular genetic typing techniques could not discriminate betw ...	1999	10325318
[about the shieling: summer grazing in the british isles in the 17th and 18th centuries].		1999	21213932
little lamb, who made thee? a letter from edinburgh.		1998	9532398
dolly researcher plans further experiments after challenges.		1998	9495322
patent clash looming over cloning techniques?		1998	9697758
human but not ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis are highly clonal as determined by pcr-based rapd fingerprinting.	the dna fingerprints of 170 human isolates and ten ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis were examined by arbitrarily-primed pcr/rapd with 29 primers. based on this technique, all the human isolates appear highly genetically homogeneous. the ovine isolates could be distinguished from human isolates and they showed diversity among themselves. therefore, human isolates of b. parapertussis are a highly clonal group adapted to infect humans and they are distinct from polymorphic ovine isolates.	1998	9795782
india's short cow drags roslin institute into controversy.		1998	9732859
natural prevalence of infection with ehrlichia (cytoecetes) phagocytophila of ixodes ricinus ticks in scotland.	ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults were collected from vegetation and from sheep at four sites in scotland typical of areas endemic for tick-borne fever in sheep caused by infection with ehrlichia (cytoecetes) phagocytophila (rickettsiales). the great majority of ticks examined was from woodland sites adjacent to sheep farms where there was a high probability of them feeding on roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in a non-domestic focus of infestation and infection. ticks were examined for infection by ...	1998	9760062
tracing the origins of louping ill virus by molecular phylogenetic analysis.	the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of louping ill (li) virus isolates, collected from representative regions of the british isles and norway, were determined for either the entire envelope gene (20 isolates) or for a portion of the envelope gene that spans a hypervariable region and includes an li virus specific marker sequence (53 isolates). phylogenetic analysis reveals the presence of three major geographical populations of li virus in the british isles, viz. irish, welsh and bri ...	1998	9603312
blowfly species composition in sheep myiasis in scotland.	samples of dipteran larvae were collected from live sheep throughout scotland, reared in the laboratory, and identified once adult flies emerged. lucilia sericata was found in 77% of samples, and other species in 49%. the most common alternative species were l.caesar, which occurred in 31% of samples, and protophormia terraenovae, which occurred in 18%. three other calliphorid species, calliphora vomitoria, c.vicina and l.illustris, and the muscid muscina pabulorum were also found. the proportio ...	1997	9330256
scottish scientists clone adult sheep: technique's use with humans is feared.		1997	11647144
with cloning of a sheep, the ethical ground shifts.		1997	11647276
one small step for a sheep.		1997	11656628
suffering of the lambs.		1997	11656635
the epidemiology of louping-ill, a tick borne infection of red grouse (lagopus lagopus scoticus).	the epidemiology of louping-ill in red grouse was studied in northern britain concentrating on the possible role of other species and mechanisms of disease persistence. this tick borne viral disease caused heavy mortality in red grouse, particularly chicks. louping-ill induced mortality reduced the strength of the density dependence that generates the tendency of grouse populations to cycle and in some populations may cause population sinks. four routes of transmission were examined and non-vira ...	1997	9802086
serological survey of chlamydial antibody in post-natal sera.	questionnaires (3426; 72.8%) and blood samples (3890; 82.6%) were analysed from 4704 women post-natally. the answers to the questionnaire confirmed that those patients living in areas with the highest percentage employed in agriculture were most likely to be in direct or indirect contact with sheep or sheep products. when the 788 (20.3%) of the sera with group specific antibody were examined for type-specific antibody, 291 (7.5%) reacted with chlamydia trachomatis, 153 (3.9%) with chlamydia pneu ...	1997	9459402
electrophoretic and antigenic characterisation of dermatophilus congolensis extracellular products.	dermatophilus congolensis is the causative agent of bovine dermatophilosis and lumpy wool in sheep. two field isolates of d. congolensis, one each from a cow in ghana and a sheep in scotland, were cultured for 24-72 h in a synthetic medium based on rpmi-1640. culture filtrates were examined by sds-page and considered to contain extracellular products released by growing hyphae and filaments. electrophoretic profiles of culture filtrates of the two isolates contained common bands and bands that w ...	1997	9460195
caseous lymphadenitis in a commercial ram stud in scotland.		1997	9413123
association between natural scrapie and prp genotype in a flock of suffolk sheep in scotland.	the incidence of natural scrapie in sheep is associated with polymorphisms of the prp gene, particularly those at codons 136, 154 and 171. in many breeds, the prp allele encoding valine at codon 136 confers an extremely high risk of scrapie, but in suffolk sheep this allele is vanishingly rare. in this study of a single closed flock of suffolk sheep in scotland, scrapie occurred primarily in animals which were homozygous for glutamine at codon 171, a genotype which was significantly less frequen ...	1997	9023905
cloning technique 'reveals legal loophole'.		1997	9039895
human cloning requires a moratorium, not a ban.		1997	9052767
scientists flock to hear cloner wilmut at the nih.		1997	9087453
clone sheds light on research, ethical questions.		1997	9140547
molecular variation, evolution and geographical distribution of louping ill virus.	following the demonstration that the tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) subgroup viruses are distributed as a cline across the northern hemisphere (zanotto et al., 1995), we have analyzed the dispersal pattern of louping ill (li) virus, the most westerly located member in the cline. a total number of 21 li or li-related virus e gene sequences have been used for a detailed molecular analysis of the evolution, phylogeny and geographical distribution of li virus in the british isles and ireland. the res ...	1997	9607079
e coli o157: lessons of the scottish outbreak.		1997	9141219
streamwater nitrate concentrations in six agricultural catchments in scotland.	the concentrations of nitrate-n (no3-n) in catchment inputs and outputs have been compared and contrasted between 6 farm catchments in scotland, 3 in the west and 3 in the north-east. forms of intensive animal farming ranging between beef and dairy cattle, sheep and poultry give different sources for potential no3-n leakage from the systems. while stream reaches bordered by intensive cereal production give rise to the largest inputs to surface waters, climatic influences result in the more-effic ...	1997	9232025
roslin patents come under the spotlight.		1997	9153376
ovine psoroptic otoacariasis: an abattoir survey.		1996	8883348
resistance of the sheep scab mite psoroptes ovis to propetamphos.		1996	8931304
intestinal torsion and red gut in sheep.		1996	8931306
microbiological research at the centre for tropical veterinary medicine (ctvm).	the nature of the research carried out by the staff of the microbiology section of the centre for tropical veterinary medicine (ctvm) at home and abroad is illustrated by precis of projects on rinderpest, orf in goats and sheep, bovine dermatophilosis, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, tick-borne fever in goats and sheep, bovine petechial fever, and caprine cowdriosis.	1996	8815612
insulin-like growth factors-i and -ii, somatotropin, prolactin, and placental lactogen are not acute effectors of lipolysis in ruminants.	the acute regulation of lipolysis in the adipose tissue of ruminants was evaluated with lactating cows (n = 4) and growing ewe lambs (n = 11). subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy or at slaughter and was incubated with varying concentrations of biologically active insulin-like growth factors-i and -ii (igf-i, igf-ii), somatotropin (st), prolactin (prl), or placental lactogen (pl) to determine the effect of these hormones on lipolysis. complimentary studies were conducted to examine ...	1996	8738865
acute fascioliasis in sheep.		1996	8890467
the incidence and level of listeria monocytogenes contamination of food sources at primary production and initial processing.	listeria monocytogenes was isolated in low numbers from a variety of environmental samples associated with the primary production of food, including vegetation, faeces and meat. the organism was rarely detected on growing grass and vegetables prior to processing. the excretion of l. monocytogenes by farm animals was linked to their diet, with animals fed entirely on hay or manufactured diets not excreting detectable levels of listeria (i.e. absence in 25 g). however, animals fed on silage, which ...	1996	8972091
differentiation between human and ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	the genetic relatedness of 18 human and 29 ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis was examined by macrorestriction digestion of dna with the rarely cutting enzyme xbai and resolution by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. there was clear separation of human and ovine isolates and variation within host types. the human isolates were separated into three types as were the 24 scottish ovine isolates. species-specific bands were observed with the human isolates at 114, 134, 166, 213, 346 and 372 k ...	1996	8598269
bloodless castration of lambs: results of a questionnaire.	interviews of nine flockmasters who used bloodless castrators to castrate lambs revealed wide variation in the size of castrator used and the techniques employed. eight flockmasters used inappropriately sized instruments which were cumbersome to operate and probably applied excessive crushing pressures over an unnecessarily large area of the lambs' scrotums. the methods of restraining lambs were often inefficient in terms of labour requirement. in 11 of 15 flocks, some lambs were not properly ca ...	1996	8634865
leptospirosis in farm animals.		1996	8711882
the distribution of faecal nematode egg counts in scottish blackface lambs following natural, predominantly ostertagia circumcincta infection.	faecal samples were taken in 2 consecutive years from scottish blackface lambs on a commercial farm in central scotland to examine variation among lambs in the number of nematode eggs in their faeces. samples were taken at intervals of 4 weeks from 1 to 5 months of age. lambs were treated with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic at each sample date. ewes and lambs were naturally infected by grazing pasture contaminated with mixed, predominantly ostertagia circumcincta, nematode species. the ewes were ...	1995	7596641
molecular genetic variation and individual survival during population crashes of an unmanaged ungulate population.	theoretical models of the effect of population bottlenecks on genetic variation assume that individuals are removed at random from the population. we investigated this assumption in a naturally regulated, unstable population of soay sheep (ovis aries). during rapid population declines or 'crashes', individuals were not removed at random with respect to genotype: we found associations between individual survival and certain genotypes at five polymorphic protein or microsatellite dna loci (ada, go ...	1995	7777592
apparent resistance of p ovis to flumethrin.		1995	8525587
the association of a codon 136 prp gene variant with the occurrence of natural scrapie.	incidence of both experimental and natural scrapie in sheep has been associated with polymorphisms of the prp gene. in case/control studies the prp allele which encodes valine at codon 136 (val136) is found in 96-100% of naturally infected scrapie sheep of shetland, scottish halfbred and blue du maine breeds. in contrast, in healthy animals from the same flocks, the most frequent allele encodes ala136 (91-100% of sheep). however val136 does not correlate with incidence of scrapie in two other fl ...	1994	7979991
identification of bloodmeals of the scottish biting midge, culicoides impunctatus, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to identify the bloodmeal sources of culicoides impunctatus goetghebuer. nightly light trapping in scotland, between april and september 1992, caught a total of 344 blood-engorged female c. impunctatus, all in may, june and july. the insects were stored in 70% ethanol and tested 5-7 months later. bloodmeal sources were positively identified for 246 (71.5%). bovine hosts were most common (38.4%), followed by deer (23.0%) and ...	1994	8161839
lyme disease in scotland.		1994	8778964