Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of the coronavirus m protein and nucleocapsid interaction in infected cells. | coronavirus contains three envelope proteins, m, e and s, and a nucleocapsid, which consists of genomic rna and n protein, within the viral envelope. we studied the macromolecular interactions involved in coronavirus assembly in cells infected with a murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). coimmunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated an interaction between n protein and m protein in infected cells. pulse-labeling experiments showed that newly synthesized, unglycosylated m protein interac ... | 2000 | 10933723 |
| herpesvirus infection accelerates atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein e-deficient mouse. | human herpesviruses have been implicated but not proven to be involved in the etiology of atherosclerosis. to determine whether there is a causal relationship, the effect of herpesvirus infection on the development of atherosclerosis was assessed in the apolipoprotein e-deficient (apoe-/-) mouse. | 2000 | 10942747 |
| down-regulation of bgp1(a) viral receptor by interferon-gamma is related to the antiviral state and resistance to mouse hepatitis virus 3 infection. | together with the evidence that the reduced virus growth and the antiviral state induced by interferon (ifn)-gamma, occurring only in macrophages from resistant animals, correlated with the decrease of mhv3 binding to macrophage membrane proteins, we show here the expression of cellular and viral genes in resistant (a/j) and susceptible (balb/c) mouse macrophages after ifn-gamma activation/infection. the expression of interferon response gene 47 and interferon regulatory factor 1 genes takes pla ... | 2000 | 10964771 |
| nascent synthesis of leader sequence-containing subgenomic mrnas in coronavirus genome-length replicative intermediate rna. | infection with coronavirus results in the accumulation of genomic-sized mrna and six to eight subgenomic mrnas that make up a 3' coterminal nested-set structure. genome-length negative-strand rna and subgenomic-length negative-strand rnas, each of which corresponds to each of the subgenomic mrnas, also accumulate in infected cells. the present study examined whether the genome-length negative-strand rna serves as a template for subgenomic mrna synthesis. genome-length replicative intermediate (r ... | 2000 | 10998322 |
| the leader rna of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus contains an enhancer-like element for subgenomic mrna transcription. | while the 5' cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) for genomic rna replication has been determined in several defective interfering (di) rna systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic rna transcription. previous studies have shown that the leader rna in the di genome significantly enhances the efficiency of di subgenomic mrna transcription, indicating that the leader rna is a cis-acting sequence for mrna transcription. to further characterize the cis-acting sequence, we made a serie ... | 2000 | 11044101 |
| functional analysis of an epitope in the s2 subunit of the murine coronavirus spike protein: involvement in fusion activity. | the monoclonal antibody (mab) 5b19.2, which has virus-neutralizing and fusion inhibition activities, binds to an epitope (s2a) consisting of nine hydrophobic amino acids in the s2 subunit of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) spike (s) protein. this suggests that the s2a epitope may be involved in binding the virus to the mhv receptor and/or in virus-cell fusion. co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that while the binding of virus to the receptor was blocked by anti-s1 mabs, it was not bloc ... | 2000 | 11086117 |
| murine coronavirus spike protein determines the ability of the virus to replicate in the liver and cause hepatitis. | recombinant mouse hepatitis viruses (mhv) differing only in the spike gene, containing a59, mhv-4, and mhv-2 spike genes in the background of the a59 genome, were compared for their ability to replicate in the liver and induce hepatitis in weanling c57bl/6 mice infected with 500 pfu of each virus by intrahepatic injection. penn98-1, expressing the mhv-2 spike gene, replicated to high titer in the liver, similar to mhv-2, and induced severe hepatitis with extensive hepatocellular necrosis. s(a59) ... | 2001 | 11160748 |
| evaluation of the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 as a host factor in murine coronavirus discontinuous transcription and genome replication. | viruses with rna genomes often capture and redirect host cell components to assist in mechanisms particular to rna-dependent rna synthesis. the nidoviruses are an order of positive-stranded rna viruses, comprising coronaviruses and arteriviruses, that employ a unique strategy of discontinuous transcription, producing a series of subgenomic mrnas linking a 5' leader to distal portions of the genome. for the prototype coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein ... | 2001 | 11226306 |
| a single amino acid change within antigenic domain ii of the spike protein of bovine coronavirus confers resistance to virus neutralization. | the spike glycoprotein is a major neutralizing antigen of bovine coronavirus (bcv). conformational neutralizing epitopes of group a and group b monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have previously been mapped to two domains at amino acids 351 to 403 (domain i) and amino acids 517 to 621 (domain ii). to further map antigenic sites, neutralization escape mutants of bcv were selected with a group a mab which has both in vitro and in vivo virus-neutralizing ability. the escape mutants were demonstrated to b ... | 2001 | 11238212 |
| mitochondrial aconitase binds to the 3' untranslated region of the mouse hepatitis virus genome. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), a member of the coronaviridae, contains a polyadenylated positive-sense single-stranded genomic rna which is 31 kb long. mhv replication and transcription take place via the synthesis of negative-strand rna intermediates from a positive-strand genomic template. a cis-acting element previously identified in the 3' untranslated region binds to trans-acting host factors from mouse fibroblasts and forms at least three rna-protein complexes. the largest rna-protein comple ... | 2001 | 11238861 |
| susceptibility of mouse mammary glands to murine gammaherpesvirus 72 (mhv-72) infection: evidence of mhv-72 transmission via breast milk. | murine gammaherpesvirus 72 (mhv-72) is a virus of wild rodents and serves as a convenient small animal model to understand the pathogenesis of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) infection. in laboratory mice mhv-72 causes an acute infection of lung epithelial cells and establishes the latency in b lymphocytes. in this study, we investigated athymic nude and immunocompetent mice for distribution of virus in organs after infection with mhv-72. ten days following subcutaneous d ... | 2001 | 11453700 |
| mouse hepatitis virus. | inoculation of mice with most neurotropic strains of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus results in an immune response-mediated demyelinating disease that serves as an excellent animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. recent work has shown that either virus-specific cd4(+) or cd8(+) t cells are able to mediate demyelination and also that the antibody response is crucial for clearing infectious virus. another exciting advance is the development of recombinant coronaviruses, which ... | 2001 | 11495812 |
| multiple regions of the murine coronavirus spike glycoprotein influence neurovirulence. | the spike (s) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) is a major determinant of neurovirulence. using targeted recombination we previously demonstrated that the s gene of the highly neurovirulent mhv-4 conferred a dramatic increase in neurovirulence to the mildly neurovirulent mhv-a59. to identify the genetic determinants of neurovirulence within the mhv-4 spike, we generated isogenic recombinant viruses containing various mhv-4/mhv-a59 chimeric spike genes, and studied their phenotypes in v ... | 2001 | 11582514 |
| antibody is required for clearance of infectious murine hepatitis virus a59 from the central nervous system, but not the liver. | intracerebral inoculation with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 results in viral replication in the cns and liver. to investigate whether b cells are important for controlling mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 infection, we infected mumt mice who lack membrane-bound igm and therefore mature b lymphocytes. infectious virus peaked and was cleared from the livers of mumt and wild-type mice. however, while virus was cleared from the cns of wild-type mice, virus persisted in the cns of mumt mice. to d ... | 2001 | 11673540 |
| the role of b cells in mouse hepatitis virus infection and pathology. | 2001 | 11774493 | |
| mouse hepatitis virus minus-strand templates are unstable and turnover during viral replication. | 2001 | 11774513 | |
| identification of a noncanonical transcription initiation site for transcription of a subgenomic mrna of mouse hepatitis virus. | 2001 | 11774525 | |
| acute hepatic failure in ifn-gamma-deficient balb/c mice after murine coronavirus infection. | we previously showed that an intraperitoneal infection with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) persists in interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-deficient c57bl/6 (b6-gko) mice and results in subacute fatal peritonitis, which bears a resemblance to feline infectious peritonitis. to examine the role of other host factors in mhv infection in mice, ifn-gamma-deficient mice with a balb/c background (balb-gko) were infected intraperitoneally with mhv and compared with b6-gko mice. in contrast to b6-gko mice, balb-gk ... | 2002 | 11864749 |
| the spike but not the hemagglutinin/esterase protein of bovine coronavirus is necessary and sufficient for viral infection. | the spike (s) and hemagglutinin/esterase (he) of bovine coronavirus (bcv) are the two envelope proteins that recognize the same receptor-determinant of 9-o-acetylneuraminic acid on host cells. however, the precise and relative roles of the two proteins in bcv infectivity remain elusive. to unequivocally determine their roles in viral cytopathogenicity, we developed a system in which phenotypically chimeric viruses were generated by infecting a closely related mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) in cells ... | 2002 | 11886280 |
| further in vitro characterization of mouse hepatitis virus papain-like proteinase 1: cleavage sequence requirements within pp1a. | proteolytic processing of the mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) replicase gene product, pp1a, results in polypeptides p28, p65, p50, and p240 in infected cells. based on previously identified p28 and p65 cleavage sites, a p50 cleavage site was proposed to occur between ala-1262 and ala-1263. results of mutagenesis and in vitro cleavage assays show that plp-1 was able to cleave in trans when the proposed p50 cleavage sequence replaced the p28 cleavage sequence. mutagenesis was also used ... | 2002 | 11935466 |
| the group-specific murine coronavirus genes are not essential, but their deletion, by reverse genetics, is attenuating in the natural host. | in addition to a characteristic set of essential genes coronaviruses contain several so-called group-specific genes. these genes differ distinctly among the three coronavirus groups and are specific for each group. while the essential genes encode replication and structural functions, hardly anything is known about the products and functions of the group-specific genes. as a first step to elucidate their significance, we deleted the group-specific genes from the group 2 mouse hepatitis virus (mh ... | 2002 | 12036329 |
| cd4 t-cell-mediated demyelination is increased in the absence of gamma interferon in mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus. | mice infected with the murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm (mhv) develop an immune-mediated demyelinating encephalomyelitis. adoptive transfer of mhv-immune splenocytes depleted of either cd4 or cd8 t cells to infected mice deficient in recombination activation gene 1 resulted in demyelination. we showed previously that the process of cd8 t-cell-mediated demyelination was strongly dependent on the expression of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) by donor cells. in this report, we sho ... | 2002 | 12072531 |
| virus-induced demyelination in nude mice is mediated by gamma delta t cells. | infection of mice with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), strain jhm, results in acute and chronic demyelination with many similarities to the human disease multiple sclerosis. this pathological process is primarily t cell-mediated and mhv infection of mice lacking b and t cells does not result in demyelination. in apparent contradiction to these results, robust demyelination is detected in mhv-infected young nude (athymic) mice. herein, we show that demyelination in nude mice was mediated by gamma de ... | 2002 | 12368199 |
| detection of mouse hepatitis virus infection by assay of anti-liver autoantibodies. | the observation that mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) develop autoantibodies directed mainly to liver fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fah) enabled the development of an elisa applicable to the detection of mhv-infection. the method, based on the titration of antibodies to semipurified fah from rat liver, is easy, economical, and does not require the isolation of viral proteins from large mhv stocks. furthermore, since sera from mice immunized with a purified fraction of the rat live ... | 2002 | 12393146 |
| receptor-induced conformational changes of murine coronavirus spike protein. | although murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) enters cells by virus-cell membrane fusion triggered by its spike (s) protein, it is not well known how the s protein participates in fusion events. we reported that the soluble form of mhv receptor (somhvr) transformed a nonfusogenic s protein into a fusogenic one (f. taguchi and s. matsuyama, j. virol. 76:950-958, 2002). in the present study, we demonstrate that somhvr induces the conformational changes of the s protein, as shown by the p ... | 2002 | 12414924 |
| the art of survival during viral persistence. | central nervous system infection by the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv) results in chronic demyelination characterized by viral persistence in the absence of infectious virus. cd8(+) t cells inhibit acute viral replication via cell type-specific effector mechanisms. perforin-mediated cytolysis controls virus in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, whereas interferon (ifn)-gamma regulates viral replication in oligodendroglia. jhmv infection of antibody-deficient mice confi ... | 2002 | 12491152 |
| the n-terminal domain of the murine coronavirus spike glycoprotein determines the ceacam1 receptor specificity of the virus strain. | using isogenic recombinant murine coronaviruses expressing wild-type murine hepatitis virus strain 4 (mhv-4) or mhv-a59 spike glycoproteins or chimeric mhv-4/mhv-a59 spike glycoproteins, we have demonstrated the biological functionality of the n-terminus of the spike, encompassing the receptor binding domain (rbd). we have used two assays, one an in vitro liposome binding assay and the other a tissue culture replication assay. the liposome binding assay shows that interaction of the receptor wit ... | 2003 | 12502800 |
| neutrophils promote mononuclear cell infiltration during viral-induced encephalitis. | neutrophils are the first infiltrating cell population to appear within the cns during infection with the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv). to determine whether neutrophils play a role in limiting acute jhmv infection, mice were depleted of neutrophils. infection of neutropenic animals resulted in increased levels of virus replication and mortality compared with control mice. furthermore, neutropenia resulted in significantly reduced mononuclear leukocyte infiltration possi ... | 2003 | 12626593 |
| cloning of herpesviral genomes as bacterial artificial chromosomes. | herpesviruses, which are important pathogens for both animals and humans, have large and complex genomes with a coding capacity for up to 225 open reading frames (orfs). due to the large genome size and the slow replication kinetics in vitro of some herpesviruses, mutagenesis of viral genes in the context of the viral genome by conventional recombination methods in cell culture has been difficult. given that mutagenesis of viral genes is the basic strategy to investigate function, many of the he ... | 2003 | 12627394 |
| control of central nervous system viral persistence by neutralizing antibody. | replication of the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus within the central nervous system is controlled by cellular immunity. however, following initial clearance, virus reactivates in the absence of humoral immunity. viral recrudescence is prevented by the transfer of antiviral antibody (ab). to characterize the specificity and biological functions of ab critical for maintaining viral persistence, monoclonal abs specific for the viral spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins were tra ... | 2003 | 12663773 |
| [the study of cis-element hnf4 in the regulation of mfg12 prothrombinase/fibroleukin gene expression in response to nucleocapsid protein of mhv-3]. | to identify the transcription factor(s) that is essential for activation of mfgl2 prothrombinase/fibroleukin gene in response to nucleocapsid protein of murine hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv-3). | 2003 | 12887828 |
| the glycosylation status of the murine hepatitis coronavirus m protein affects the interferogenic capacity of the virus in vitro and its ability to replicate in the liver but not the brain. | the coronavirus m protein, the most abundant coronaviral envelope component, is invariably glycosylated, which provides the virion with a diffuse, hydrophilic cover on its outer surface. remarkably, while the group 1 and group 3 coronaviruses all have m proteins with n-linked sugars, the m proteins of the group 2 coronaviruses [e.g., mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)] are o-glycosylated. the conservation of the n- and o-glycosylation motifs suggests that each of these types of carbohydrate modificatio ... | 2003 | 12919744 |
| stat1 and stat3 alpha/beta splice form activation predicts host responses in mouse hepatitis virus type 2 infection. j med virol 2003;69:306-312. | 2003 | 12966557 | |
| multiple type a/b heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnrnps) can replace hnrnp a1 in mouse hepatitis virus rna synthesis. | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnrnp) a1 has previously been shown to bind mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) rna at the 3' end of both plus and minus strands and modulate mhv rna synthesis. however, a mouse erythroleukemia cell line, cb3, does not express hnrnp a1 but still supports mhv replication, suggesting that alternative proteins can replace hnrnp a1 in cellular functions and viral infection. in this study, we set out to identify these proteins. uv cross-linking experiments revealed th ... | 2003 | 12970443 |
| the nature of mouse hepatitis virus infection in weanling mice. | 1955 | 13243199 | |
| the enhancing effect of murine hepatitis virus on the cerebral activity of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in mice. | pleuropneumoma-like organisms (pplo) of the catarrhal type were isolated from the brain of a swiss mouse during the cranial passage of mouse hepatitis virus-mhv(c). cranial injection of the pplo alone in swiss and princeton weanlings was attended by a meagre growth of the organisms in the brain, with no pathologic change. the growth of both catarrhal and conjunctival strains of pplo in the brains of swiss mice was greatly enhanced by the simultaneous injection of mhv(c). rolling was not a charac ... | 1957 | 13449230 |
| [influence of diisopropylammonium dichloroacetate (diedi) in experimental mhv-3 virus (mouse hepatitis virus) infection]. | 1960 | 13781410 | |
| plaque formation by a mouse hepatitis virus. | 1962 | 13951824 | |
| mouse hepatitis virus infection as a highly contagious, prevalent, enteric infection of mice. | 1963 | 13982823 | |
| potentiating effect of k-virus on mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-s) in weanling mice. | 1963 | 14120346 | |
| an electron microscope study of the development of a mouse hepatitis virus in tissue culture cells. | samples taken at different intervals of time from suspension cultures of the nctc 1469 line of mouse liver-derived (ml) cells infected with a mouse hepatitis virus have been studied with the electron microscope. the experiments revealed that the viruses are incorporated into the cells by viropexis within 1 hour after being added to the culture. an increasing number of particles are found later inside dense cytoplasmic corpuscles similar to lysosomes. in the cytoplasm of the cells from the sample ... | 1965 | 14286297 |
| [new isolation of a mouse hepatitis virus (edp virus). its virological biological characteristics]. | 1960 | 14419911 | |
| multiplication and cytopathogenicity of mouse hepatitis virus in mouse cell cultures. | 1961 | 14476514 | |
| [metabolic aspects of hepatic tissue in mhv-3 virus infections of the mouse. ii. gama-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase and pyruvic-kinase]. | 1961 | 14494229 | |
| induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in cultured rat oligodendrocytes by murine coronavirus is mediated during cell entry and does not require virus replication. | murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) causes demyelination of the central nervous system (cns) in rats and mice. apoptotic oligodendrocytes have been detected in the vicinity of the cns demyelinating lesions in these animals. however, whether mhv can directly induce oligodendrocyte apoptosis has not been documented. here, we established a rat oligodendrocyte culture that is morphologically and phenotypically indistinguishable from the primary rat oligodendrocytes. using this culture, we ... | 2003 | 14581532 |
| n-terminal domain of the murine coronavirus receptor ceacam1 is responsible for fusogenic activation and conformational changes of the spike protein. | the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) receptor (mhvr), ceacam1, has two different functions for mhv entry into cells: binding to mhv spike protein (s protein) and activation of the s protein to execute virus-cell membrane fusion, the latter of which is accompanied by conformational changes of the s protein. the mhvr comprising the n-terminal and fourth domains [r1(1,4)] displays these two activities, and the n domain is thought to be critical for binding to mhv. in this study, we have addressed whethe ... | 2004 | 14671103 |
| coronavirus-induced demyelination occurs in the absence of cd28 costimulatory signals. | infection of mice with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain a59 results in acute encephalitis, hepatitis, and chronic demyelinating disease. t lymphocytes play an important role in mhv infection, and costimulatory signals are an important component of t cell function. to elucidate the role of the main costimulatory molecule, cd28, in mhv pathogenesis and demyelination, we examined the kinetics of mhv-a59 infection in cd28 knockout mice. mhv-a59-infected cd28 knockout mice developed acute encephali ... | 2004 | 14698856 |
| coronavirus replication complex formation utilizes components of cellular autophagy. | the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) performs rna replication on double membrane vesicles (dmvs) in the cytoplasm of the host cell. however, the mechanism by which these dmvs form has not been determined. using genetic, biochemical, and cell imaging approaches, the role of autophagy in dmv formation and mhv replication was investigated. the results demonstrated that replication complexes co-localize with the autophagy proteins, microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 and apg12. mhv i ... | 2004 | 14699140 |
| distinct roles for ip-10/cxcl10 in three animal models, theiler's virus infection, eae, and mhv infection, for multiple sclerosis: implication of differing roles for ip-10. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) causes demyelination with inflammation of the central nervous system (cns) in mice and is used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (ms). interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 kda (ip-10) is a cxc chemokine and a chemoattractant for cxcr3+ t cells. ip-10 mrna is expressed in the cns during tmev infection. however, administration of anti-ip-10 serum caused no difference in clinical signs, inflammation, demyelination, virus persistence or anti-v ... | 2004 | 14760949 |
| very diverse cd8 t cell clonotypic responses after virus infections. | we measured cd8 t cell clonotypic diversity to three epitopes recognized in c57bl/6 mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm, or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. we isolated epitope-specific t cells with an ifn-gamma capture assay or mhc class i/peptide tetramers and identified different clonotypes by vbeta chain sequence analysis. in agreement with our previous results, the number of different clonotypes responding to all three epitopes fit a log-series distribution. from these d ... | 2004 | 14978121 |
| requirements for ceacams and cholesterol during murine coronavirus cell entry. | previous reports have documented that cholesterol supplementations increase cytopathic effects in tissue culture and also intensify in vivo pathogenicities during infection by the enveloped coronavirus murine hepatitis virus (mhv). to move toward a mechanistic understanding of these phenomena, we used growth media enriched with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or cholesterol to reduce or elevate cellular membrane sterols, respectively. cholesterol depletions reduced plaque development 2- to 20-fold, dep ... | 2004 | 14990688 |
| cleavage between replicase proteins p28 and p65 of mouse hepatitis virus is not required for virus replication. | the p28 and p65 proteins of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) are the most amino-terminal protein domains of the replicase polyprotein. cleavage between p28 and p65 has been shown to occur in vitro at cleavage site 1 (cs1), (247)gly downward arrow val(248), in the polyprotein. although critical residues for cs1 cleavage have been mapped in vitro, the requirements for cleavage have not been studied in infected cells. to define the determinants of cs1 cleavage and the role of processing at this site dur ... | 2004 | 15140993 |
| murine viral hepatitis involves nk cell depletion associated with virus-induced apoptosis. | mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv3), a coronavirus, is an excellent animal model for the study of immunological disorders related to acute and chronic hepatitis. in this study, we have verified if the fulminant hepatitis induced by mhv3 could be related to an impairment of innate immunity. groups of three c57bl/6 mice were infected with the pathogenic l2-mhv3 or attenuated yac-mhv3 viruses, and the natural killer (nk) cell populations from liver, spleen and bone marrow were analysed. the percent ... | 2004 | 15196242 |
| coronavirus spike glycoprotein, extended at the carboxy terminus with green fluorescent protein, is assembly competent. | due to the limited ultrastructural information about the coronavirion, little is known about the interactions acting at the interface between nucleocapsid and viral envelope. knowing that subtle mutations in the carboxy-terminal endodomain of the m protein are already lethal, we have now probed the equivalent domain of the spike (s) protein by extending it terminally with a foreign sequence of 27 kda: the green fluorescent protein (gfp). when expressed individually in murine cells, the s-gfp chi ... | 2004 | 15220410 |
| mouse antibody production test: can we do without it? | introduction of microbiologically contaminated materials into mice can cause infections of the recipients and jeopardize experimental protocols. as such, the methods used to screen biological materials should be sensitive, reliable and suitable for routine diagnostic work. in this report, the sensitivity of the viral plaque assay, mouse antibody production test and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of mhv-a59 and mmvp, two of the most prevalent pathogenic viruses in experimental mous ... | 2004 | 15288967 |
| recombinant viral sialate-o-acetylesterases. | viral o-acetylesterases were first identified in several viruses, including influenza c viruses and coronaviruses. these enzymes are capable of removing cellular receptors from the surface of target cells. hence they are also known as "receptor destroying" enzymes. we have cloned and expressed several recombinant viral o-acetylesterases. these enzymes were secreted from sf9 insect cells as chimeric proteins fused to egfp. a purification scheme to isolate the recombinant o-acetylesterase of influ ... | 2004 | 15454694 |
| multi-phase approach to eradicate enzootic mouse coronavirus infection. | infections with mouse coronavirus (also known as mouse hepatitis virus, mhv) are common and prompt concern because the adverse research effects of infection have been well documented. the animal facility we describe had contained an enzootic infection of mouse coronavirus for more than a decade. eradication of the virus had been tried with limited success in the past. with an increase in the populations of immune-compromised and transgenic animals elsewhere in the facility, eradication of the vi ... | 2004 | 15461436 |
| expression of cellular oncogene bcl-xl prevents coronavirus-induced cell death and converts acute infection to persistent infection in progenitor rat oligodendrocytes. | murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) causes persistent infection of the central nervous system (cns) in rodents, which has been associated with demyelination. however, the precise mechanism of mhv persistence in the cns remains elusive. here we show that the progenitor oligodendrocytes (central glial 4 [cg-4] cells) derived from newborn rat brain were permissive to mhv infection, which resulted in cell death, although viral replication was restricted. interestingly, treatment with feta ... | 2005 | 15596800 |
| pathogenesis of enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) is one of the most prevalent viruses infecting laboratory mice. most natural infections are caused by enterotropic strains. experiments were done to compare the pathogenesis of enterotropic strain mhv-y in immunocompetent balb/c and c57bl/6 mice with that in b and t cell-deficient mice. in situ hybridization was used to identify sites of virus replication, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect viral rna in feces and blood. mhv ... | 2004 | 15679267 |
| increased epitope-specific cd8+ t cells prevent murine coronavirus spread to the spinal cord and subsequent demyelination. | cd8+ t cells are important for clearance of neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain a59, although their possible role in a59-induced demyelination is not well understood. we developed an adoptive-transfer model to more clearly elucidate the role of virus-specific cd8+ t cells during the acute and chronic phases of infection with a59 that is described as follows. c57bl/6 mice were infected with a recombinant a59 virus expressing the gp33 epitope, an h-2db-restricted cd8+ t-cell epitope enc ... | 2005 | 15731231 |
| maintenance of cd8+ t cells during acute viral infection of the central nervous system requires cd4+ t cells but not interleukin-2. | the jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv) is rapidly cleared from the central nervous system (cns) by cd8(+) t cells. in the absence of cd4(+) t cells, fewer cd8(+) t cells are found within the cns in association with a coordinate increase in apoptotic lymphocytes. previous data suggested that cd4(+) t cells may support cd8(+) t cells through secretion of interleukin-2 (il-2). to determine the in vivo role of il-2 during cns infection, il-2 signaling was inhibited via administration of a ne ... | 2005 | 15802960 |
| transcriptome profile within the mouse central nervous system and activation of myelin-reactive t cells following murine coronavirus infection. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease associated with environmental factors, possibly including several viruses such as the coronaviruses. indeed, murine coronavirus (mhv) infection provides a well-known experimental model for ms studies. intracerebral infection of c57bl/6 mice with mhv-a59 revealed that viral replication was efficient and that clearance of infectious virus occurred as soon as 7 days post-infection. using cdna arrays, analysis of gene expression profile in the brain r ... | 2005 | 15833360 |
| the nucleocapsid protein of sars coronavirus has a high binding affinity to the human cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of sars coronavirus (sars_cov) is a major structural component of virions, which appears to be a multifunctional protein involved in viral rna replication and translation. heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 (hnrnp a1) is related to the pre-mrna splicing in the nucleus and translation regulation in the cytoplasm. in this report, based on the relevant biophysical and biochemical assays, the nucleocapsid protein of sars_cov (sars_n) was discovered to exhibit hig ... | 2005 | 15862300 |
| viral expression of ccl2 is sufficient to induce demyelination in rag1-/- mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus. | mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm causes a chronic demyelinating disease in susceptible strains of rodents. demyelination does not develop in infected rag1-/- (recombination activation gene-deficient) mice but can be induced by several experimental interventions, including adoptive transfer of virus-specific t cells or antibodies. a common feature of demyelination in these models is extensive infiltration of macrophages/microglia into the white matter. the data obtained thus far do not indicate w ... | 2005 | 15890951 |
| astrocyte expression of a dominant-negative interferon-gamma receptor. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is a major proinflammatory cytokine, and binding to its nearly ubiquitous receptor induces a wide variety of biological functions. to explore the role(s) of ifn-gamma signaling in astrocytes, transgenic mice (gfap/ifn-gammar1deltaic) expressing a dominant-negative ifn-gamma receptor alpha chain under control of the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acid protein (gfap) promoter were generated. transgenic mice developed normally, had normal astrocyte numbers and dist ... | 2005 | 16118798 |
| effect of mutations in the mouse hepatitis virus 3'(+)42 protein binding element on rna replication. | the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) genome's 3' untranslated region contains cis-acting sequences necessary for replication. studies of mhv and other coronaviruses have indicated a role for rna secondary and tertiary elements in replication. previous work in our laboratory has identified four proteins which form ribonucleoprotein complexes with the 3'-terminal 42 nucleotides [3'(+)42] of the mhv genome. defective interfering (di) rna replication assays have demonstrated a role for the 3'(+)42 host p ... | 2005 | 16282457 |
| redirecting coronavirus to a nonnative receptor through a virus-encoded targeting adapter. | murine hepatitis coronavirus (mhv)-a59 infection depends on the interaction of its spike (s) protein with the cellular receptor mceacam1a present on murine cells. human cells lack this receptor and are therefore not susceptible to mhv. specific alleviation of the tropism barrier by redirecting mhv to a tumor-specific receptor could lead to a virus with appealing properties for tumor therapy. to demonstrate that mhv can be retargeted to a nonnative receptor on human cells, we produced bispecific ... | 2006 | 16415002 |
| fibrinogen-like protein 2 fibroleukin expression and its correlation with disease progression in murine hepatitis virus type 3-induced fulminant hepatitis and in patients with severe viral hepatitis b. | to evaluate the expression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) and its correlation with disease progression in both mice and patients with severe viral hepatitis. | 2005 | 16437596 |
| differential roles for cxcr3 in cd4+ and cd8+ t cell trafficking following viral infection of the cns. | lymphocyte infiltration into the central nervous system (cns) following viral infection represents an important component of host defense and is required for control of viral replication. however, the mechanisms governing inflammation in response to viral infection of the cns are not well understood. following intracranial (i.c.) infection of susceptible mice with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), mice develop an acute encephalomyelitis followed by a chronic demyelinating disease. the cxc chemokine l ... | 2006 | 16479546 |
| functional diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors in response to viral infection of the central nervous system. | encounters with neurotropic viruses result in varied outcomes ranging from encephalitis, paralytic poliomyelitis or other serious consequences to relatively benign infection. one of the principal factors that control the outcome of infection is the localized tissue response and subsequent immune response directed against the invading toxic agent. it is the role of the immune system to contain and control the spread of virus infection in the central nervous system (cns), and paradoxically, this r ... | 2006 | 16570854 |
| ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex. | the rna replication complexes of mammalian positive-stranded rna viruses are generally associated with (modified) intracellular membranes, a feature thought to be important for creating an environment suitable for viral rna synthesis, recruitment of host components, and possibly evasion of host defense mechanisms. here, using a panel of replicase-specific antisera, we have analyzed the earlier stages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection in vero e6 cells, in parti ... | 2006 | 16731931 |
| both spike and background genes contribute to murine coronavirus neurovirulence. | various strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) exhibit different pathogenic phenotypes. infection with the a59 strain of mhv induces both encephalitis and hepatitis, while the highly neurovirulent jhm strain induces a fatal encephalitis with little, if any, hepatitis. the pathogenic phenotype for each strain is determined by the genetic composition of the viral genome, as well as the host immune response. using isogenic recombinant viruses with a59 background genes differing only in the spike ge ... | 2006 | 16809289 |
| cooperative involvement of the s1 and s2 subunits of the murine coronavirus spike protein in receptor binding and extended host range. | to study the process of spike (s)-receptor interaction during coronavirus entry, we evaluated the contributions of mutations in different regions of the murine hepatitis virus (mhv) s protein to natural receptor murine carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a (ceacam1a) dependence and to the acquisition of extended host range. extended-host-range variants of mhv strain a59 were previously obtained from persistently infected cells (j. h. schickli, b. d. zelus, d. e. wentworth, s ... | 2006 | 16956938 |
| control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic-cell-derived type i interferon. | this study demonstrates a unique and crucial role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) and pdc-derived type i interferons (ifns) in the pathogenesis of mouse coronavirus infection. pdcs controlled the fast replicating mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) through the immediate production of type i ifns. recognition of mhv by pdcs was mediated via tlr7 ensuring a swift ifn-alpha production following encounter with this cytopathic rna virus. furthermore, the particular type i ifn response pattern was not ... | 2007 | 16985170 |
| the nsp2 proteins of mouse hepatitis virus and sars coronavirus are dispensable for viral replication. | the results presented here demonstrate that the mhv and sars-cov nsp2 proteins are not required for the production of infectious virus, for polyprotein expression or processing, or for viral replication complex formation in cell culture. the nsp2 protein domain resides in a region of the coronavirus replicase that is relatively nonconserved across coronaviruses. in fact, the size and amino acid sequence variability of nsp2 across the different coronaviruses has led some investigators to speculat ... | 2006 | 17037506 |
| receptor-independent infection of mouse hepatitis virus: analysis by spinoculation. | 2006 | 17037555 | |
| cd8+ t-cell priming during a central nervous system infection with mouse hepatitis virus. | 2006 | 17037564 | |
| identification of the receptor for fgl2 and implications for susceptibility to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-3)-induced fulminant hepatitis. | 2006 | 17037572 | |
| a hypervariable region within the 3' cis-acting element of the murine coronavirus genome is nonessential for rna synthesis but affects pathogenesis. | the 3' cis-acting element for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) rna synthesis resides entirely within the 301-nucleotide 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of the viral genome and consists of three regions. encompassing the upstream end of the 3' utr are a bulged stem-loop and an overlapping rna pseudoknot, both of which are essential to mhv and common to all group 2 coronaviruses. at the downstream end of the genome is the minimal signal for initiation of negative-strand rna synthesis. between these two ... | 2007 | 17093194 |
| murine coronavirus-induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis is mediated through the activation of the fas signaling pathway. | we previously showed that infection of rat oligodendrocytes by ultraviolet light-inactivated mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) resulted in apoptosis, suggesting that the apoptosis is triggered during cell entry. to further characterize the earliest apoptotic signaling events, here we treated cells with an antibody specific to the mhv receptor prior to and during virus infection or with an antibody specific to mhv spike protein following virus binding. both treatments blocked virus infection and apopto ... | 2007 | 17156812 |
| membrane topology of murine coronavirus replicase nonstructural protein 3. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) is a member of the family coronaviridae. these positive strand rna viruses encode a replicase polyprotein that is processed into 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps). the nsps assemble with membranes to generate double membrane vesicles, which are the sites of viral rna synthesis. mhv nsp3 contains multiple domains including two papain-like protease domains, plp1 and plp2, and a predicted transmembrane (tm) domain. in this study, we determined the membrane topology of nsp ... | 2007 | 17222884 |
| a u-turn motif-containing stem-loop in the coronavirus 5' untranslated region plays a functional role in replication. | the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) genome contains cis-acting sequences necessary for transcription and replication. a consensus secondary structural model of the 5' 140 nucleotides of the 5' utrs of nine coronaviruses (covs) derived from all three major cov groups is presented and characterized by three major stem-loops, sl1, sl2, and sl4. nmr spectroscopy provides structural support for sl1 and sl2 in three group 2 covs, including mhv, bcov, and hcov-oc43. sl2 ... | 2007 | 17353353 |
| new structure model for the packaging signal in the genome of group iia coronaviruses. | a 190-nucleotide (nt) packaging signal (ps) located in the 3' end of open reading frame 1b in the mouse hepatitis virus, a group iia coronavirus, was previously postulated to direct genome rna packaging. based on phylogenetic data and structure probing, we have identified a 95-nt hairpin within the 190-nt ps domain which is conserved in all group iia coronaviruses but not in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (group iib), group i coronaviruses, or group iii coronaviruses. the hair ... | 2007 | 17428856 |
| cyclooxygenase activity is important for efficient replication of mouse hepatitis virus at an early stage of infection. | cyclooxygenases (coxs) play a significant role in many different viral infections with respect to replication and pathogenesis. here we investigated the role of coxs in the mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) infection cycle. blocking cox activity by different inhibitors or by rna interference affected mhv infection in different cells. the cox inhibitors reduced mhv infection at a post-binding step, but early in the replication cycle. both viral rna and viral protein synthesis were affected with s ... | 2007 | 17555580 |
| myocarditis in newborn wild-type balb/c mice infected with the murine gamma herpesvirus mhv-68. | animal models of human epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection include ebv infection of primates and infection of mice with mhv-68, a further gamma herpesvirus (gamma-hv). we aimed at extending the mhv-68 model to study gamma-hv-related cardiac disease. | 2007 | 17658501 |
| experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ecor): retinal degeneration susceptible mice have an augmented interferon and chemokine (cxcl9, cxcl10) response early after virus infection. | mouse hepatitis virus induces a biphasic disease in balb/c mice that consists of an acute retinitis followed by progression to a chronic retinal degeneration with autoimmune reactivity. retinal degeneration resistant cd-1 mice do not develop the late phase. what host factors contribute to the distinct responses to the virus are unknown. herein, we show that ifn-alpha, ifn-beta and ifn-gamma act in concert as part of the innate immune response to the retinal infection. at day 2, high serum levels ... | 2008 | 18037505 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha is not a pathogenic determinant in acute lethal encephalitis induced by a highly neurovirulent strain of mouse hepatitis virus. | to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) in the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, tnfalpha-deficient mice were infected with a highly neurovirulent strain of mouse hepatitis virus, jhm, and compared with jhm-infected c57bl/6 mice as controls. all the jhm-infected mice had succumbed to infection by 6 days postinfection. the virus replication kinetics, histopathological changes and mrna expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain did not differ betw ... | 2008 | 18074094 |
| cd4 t cells contribute to virus control and pathology following central nervous system infection with neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus. | replication of the neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm (jhmv) is controlled primarily by cd8(+) t-cell effectors utilizing gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. cd4(+) t cells provide an auxiliary function(s) for cd8(+) t-cell survival; however, their direct contribution to control of virus replication and pathology is unclear. to examine a direct role of cd4(+) t cells in viral clearance and pathology, pathogenesis was compared in mice deficient in both perfo ... | 2008 | 18094171 |
| mouse hepatitis virus infection of the cns: a model for defense, disease, and repair. | viral infection of the central nervous system (cns) results in varied outcomes ranging from encephalitis, paralytic poliomyelitis or other serious consequences. one of the principal factors that directs the outcome of infection is the localized innate immune response, which is proceeded by the adaptive immune response against the invading viral pathogen. the role of the immune system is to contain and control the spread of virus within the cns, and paradoxically, this response may also be pathol ... | 2008 | 18508518 |
| primary clearance of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 by pkctheta-/- cd8 t cells is compromised in the absence of help from cd4 t cells. | cd4 t cells are dispensable for acute control of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) but are necessary for effective long-term control of the virus by cd8 t cells. in contrast, protein kinase c theta (pkctheta) is not essential for either acute or long-term viral control. however, we found that while either cd4 or cd8 t cells could mediate the clearance of mhv-68 from the lungs of pkctheta(+/+) mice, pkctheta(-/-) mice depleted of either subset failed to clear the virus. these data suggest that ... | 2008 | 18818318 |
| manipulation of the coronavirus genome using targeted rna recombination with interspecies chimeric coronaviruses. | targeted rna recombination has proven to be a powerful tool for the genetic engineering of the coronavirus genome, particularly in its 3' part. here we describe procedures for the generation of recombinant and mutant mouse hepatitis virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. key to the two-step method is the efficient selection of recombinant viruses based on host cell switching. the first step consists of the preparation---using this selection principle--of an interspecies chimeric coronavi ... | 2008 | 19057874 |
| [construction of p-hfgl2shrna and its effect on hfgl2 expression in vitro]. | our previous studies have shown that an anti-sense plasmid to mouse fibrinogen like protein 2 (mfgl2) significantly reduced mfgl2 expression in vivo, markedly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration, fibrin deposition and hepatocyte necrosis, prolonged the survival time period and elevated the survival rate in balb/cj mice with murine hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv-3) induced fulminant hepatitis. this study was designed to explore the opportunity of rna interference technique in the inhibitory applic ... | 2008 | 19105940 |
| glycogen synthase kinase-3 regulates the phosphorylation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and viral replication. | coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid (n) protein is a highly phosphorylated protein required for viral replication, but whether its phosphorylation and the related kinases are involved in the viral life cycle is unknown. we found the severe acute respiratory syndrome cov n protein to be an appropriate system to address this issue. using high resolution page analysis, this protein could be separated into phosphorylated and unphosphorylated isoforms. mass spectrometric analysis and deletion mapping show ... | 2009 | 19106108 |
| type i ifn-mediated protection of macrophages and dendritic cells secures control of murine coronavirus infection. | the swift production of type i ifns is one of the fundamental aspects of innate immune responses against viruses. plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived type i ifns are of prime importance for the initial control of highly cytopathic viruses such as the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). the aim of this study was to determine the major target cell populations of this first wave of type i ifns. generation of bone marrow-chimeric mice expressing the type i ifn receptor (ifnar) on either hemopoietic or non- ... | 2009 | 19124753 |
| age-dependent pathogenesis of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection of the central nervous system. | gammaherpesvirus infection of the central nervous system (cns) has been linked to various neurological diseases, including meningitis, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis. however, little is known about the interactions between the virus and the cns in vitro or in vivo. murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68 or (gamma)hv-68) is genetically related and biologically similar to human gammaherpesviruses, thereby providing a tractable animal model system in which to study both viral pathogenesis and rep ... | 2009 | 19214440 |
| expression of newly identified secretory ceacam1(a) isoforms in the intestinal epithelium. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1) regulates intestinal immunological homeostasis. however, precise expression patterns of ceacam1 isoforms remain poorly understood in the intestinal epithelia. focusing on the small intestinal epithelium of balb/c mice, we identified three novel splice variants encoding ceacam1(a)-2, -2c1, and -4c1 by rt-pcr. ceacam1(a)-2, -2c1, and -4c1 demonstrated secretory properties by transfection experiments in vitro. among them, ceacam1(a ... | 2009 | 19358828 |
| target-dependent b7-h1 regulation contributes to clearance of central nervous system infection and dampens morbidity. | the neurotropic coronavirus jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus persists in oligodendroglia despite the presence of virus-specific cd8 t cells. expression of programmed death 1 (pd-1) and b7-h1 were studied during acute and persistent infection to examine whether this negative regulatory mechanism contributes to cns viral persistence. the majority of cns-infiltrating cd8 t cells expressed pd-1, with the highest levels on virus-specific cd8 t cells. moreover, despite control of infectious virus, ... | 2009 | 19380790 |
| a serological survey to evaluate contemporary prevalence of viral agents and mycoplasma pulmonis in laboratory mice and rats in western europe. | to evaluate current prevalence rates of 24 viruses and of the bacterium mycoplasma pulmonis, the authors retrospectively surveyed serological data obtained from laboratory mice and rats housed in more than 100 western european institutions. serum samples were submitted to the authors' institution for testing between january 2007 and june 2008. the prevalence of an infection was defined as the percentage of tested samples that yielded positive results for a specific agent. in mice, the most commo ... | 2009 | 19384313 |
| development of a chimeric dna-rna hammerhead ribozyme targeting sars virus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a severe pulmonary infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. to develop an effective and specific medicine targeting the sars-coronavirus (cov), a chimeric dna-rna hammerhead ribozyme was designed and synthesized using a sequence homologous with the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). | 2009 | 19420961 |
| cxcl10 and trafficking of virus-specific t cells during coronavirus-induced demyelination. | chronic expression of cxc chemokine ligand 10 (cxcl10) in the central nervous system (cns) following infection with the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv) is associated with an immune-mediated demyelinating disease. treatment of mice with anti-cxcl10 neutralizing antibody results in limited cd4+ t cell infiltration into the cns accompanied by a reduction in white matter damage. the current study determines the antigen-specificity of the t lymphocytes present during chronic di ... | 2009 | 19626487 |