Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| assembly of mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm. | 1981 | 6278874 | |
| messenger rnas of mouse hepatitis virus a59: isolation and characterization, translation in xenopus laevis oocytes of rnas 3, 6 and 7, uv target sizes of the transcription templates. | 1981 | 6278883 | |
| genome structure of mouse hepatitis virus: comparative analysis by oligonucleotide mapping. | several natural variants of mouse hepatitis viruses have been compared by the t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. in general, they have diverged quite extensively. however, mhv-3, a hepatotropic strain, and a59, a nonpathogenic strain, were found to be extremely related. yet, each of them contains 2-4 specific oligonucleotides. one of the mhv-3-specific oligonucleotides was mapped in 30s poly(a)-containing rna or 6-7 kb from the 3-end and the other near the 5'-end of the genome. these t ... | 1981 | 6278897 |
| clinical, pathologic, and serologic features of an epizootic of mousepox in minnesota. | an epizootic of mousepox in two colonies of mice was described. clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, and necropsy lesions were substantially influenced by husbandry practices, intercurrent diseases (sendai pneumonia, mouse hepatitis virus), and total body x-irradiation. in one colony, 54 mice were necropsied; 19 mice had cutaneous or visceral lesions of mousepox although none had combined visceral and cutaneous lesions. in the other colony, 20 mice were necropsied, and 10 mice had cuta ... | 1981 | 6281560 |
| mouse hepatitis virus immunofluorescence in formalin- or bouin's-fixed tissues using trypsin digestion. | mouse hepatitis viral antigens were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in formalin- and bouin's-fixed tissues processed routinely for histopathology followed by partial digestion with trypsin. staining was superior in tissues fixed in formalin and was not diminished in tissue sections from paraffin blocks stored at room temperature as long as 2 years. the relative ease of this procedure and the commercial availability of reagents makes this a useful technique for the definitive diagnosis of mous ... | 1982 | 6281569 |
| sequence relationships between the genome and the intracellular rna species 1, 3, 6, and 7 of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59. | we have shown by t(1) oligonucleotide fingerprinting that the genome of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 and its intracellular rna 1 have identical fingerprints and that rna 1 and the subgenomic rnas 3, 6, and 7 contain common sequences. to localize the homologous region between the rnas, we compared fingerprints of the 3' terminus of the genome with those of rna 7. the genome was partially degraded with alkali, and polyadenylate-containing fragments were purified by oligodeoxythymidylate-cellul ... | 1982 | 6283166 |
| effects of experimental infection of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) with mouse hepatitis virus. | three deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) given 10(4) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -s intranasally all had significant serum neutralization titers to mouse hepatitis virus -s 3 weeks later. ten other deer mice were given 10(3) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -3 intranasally and placed with sentinel laboratory mice (cf1, c3h/rv, and nu/nu) and uninoculated deer mice. one inoculated deer mouse died, but mouse hepatitis virus was not isolated. no other inoculated or uninoculated animals exhibited ... | 1982 | 6285078 |
| replication of mouse hepatitis virus: negative-stranded rna and replicative form rna are of genome length. | there are seven virus-specific mrna species in mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells (lai et al., j. virol. 39:823-834, 1981). in this study, we examined virus-specific negative-stranded rna to determine whether there are corresponding multiple negative-stranded rnas. intracellular rna from mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and hybridized to positive-stranded genomic 60s [32p]rna. only a single rna species o ... | 1982 | 6292513 |
| murine coronaviruses: isolation and characterization of two plaque morphology variants of the jhm neurotropic strain. | two plaque-size variants of the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus have been isolated from the virus stock after eight serial passages in suckling mouse brain. one variant, jhm-dl, produces large plaques, while the other, jhm-ds, produces small plaques in tissue culture. ds replicates more slowly, has a lower virus yield in vitro, and is less virulent for mice than dl. they also differ in their pathogenicity for mice: jhm-dl infection results in acute encephalomyelitis while jhm-ds ... | 1982 | 6296277 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59: isolation, characterization and neuropathogenic properties. | twenty 5-fluorouracil-induced temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 were isolated from 1284 virus clones. mutants were preselected on the basis of their inability to induce syncytia in infected cells at the restrictive temperature (40 degrees) vs the permissive temperature (31 degrees). of these mutants, only those with a relative plating efficiency 40 degrees/31 degrees of 3 x 10(-3) or smaller were kept. virus yields at 40 degrees compared to 37 degrees and 31 ... | 1983 | 6301146 |
| heterologous response of antiserum-treated cell clones from a persistently infected dbt cell line to mouse hepatitis virus. | from dbt cells persistently infected with mouse hepatitis virus jhm strain (jhm-cc), a cell line producing neither infectious virus nor intracellular viral antigen was obtained after two passages in the presence of antiserum. in addition, 11 cell clones were manipulated from jhm-cc and found to be also free from the virus. these newly obtained cell line and 4 of 11 cell clones were shown to be resistant to jhm and the virus recovered from jhm-cc (jhm-ccv), while the other 7 cell clones were susc ... | 1982 | 6302351 |
| fusion resistance and decreased infectability as major host cell determinants of coronavirus persistence. | mouse hepatitis virus persists in cultures of a subline (designated lm-k) of mouse lm cells but produces a lytic infection in l-2 cells. persistence in the lm-k cells was not accompanied by production of ts mutants or of soluble anti-mhv factors. infectious center assay demonstrated an approximately 500-fold lower level of infectibility by mhv of the lm-k cells as compared to l-2 cells. on an infected cell basis, production levels of infectious progeny and viral rna were comparable between the t ... | 1983 | 6310865 |
| antigenic characterization of tettnang virus: complications caused by passage of the virus in mice from a colony enzootically infected with mouse hepatitis virus. | neutralization assays were undertaken for the purpose of antigenically characterizing three strains of tettnang virus from two geographic regions. the previously reported relationship of tettnang virus strains to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) was confirmed. however, the precise relationship of the tettnang strains to prototype mhv strains was obscured in our study by the finding that the isolates had been passaged in mice from a colony subclinically infected with mhv. an egyptian strain of tettnan ... | 1983 | 6312821 |
| the effect of mouse hepatitis virus infection on the microcirculation of the liver. | mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection results in strain-dependent liver disease. the effects of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 on the microcirculation of the liver in both fully susceptible (balb/cj) and fully resistant (a/j) mice were studied. in balb/cj mice, 6 to 12 hr following infection, abnormalities in liver blood flow were observed which consisted of granular blood flow in both terminal hepatic and terminal portal venules. in addition, sinusoidal microthrombi were present predominantly in ... | 1983 | 6313508 |
| histopathological characterization of the naturally occurring hepatotropic virus infections of nude mice. | in the last ten years the mutant athymic nude mouse has been used by many researchers as a model for studying pathological conditions in an immunodeficient host. a major problem with such mice is their susceptibility to viral infections indigenous to murine stocks, such as the hepatotropic mouse coronaviruses. in an effort to define the hepatotropic virus diseases indigenous to nude mice this paper details the pathogenesis and associated comparative histopathology of three common strains of mous ... | 1984 | 6321712 |
| assembly in vitro of a spanning membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum: the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59. | the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59 was synthesized in vitro by translation of viral mrna in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes. its disposition in the membrane was investigated by digestion with proteases and by selective nh2-terminal labeling. the protein spans the membrane, but only small portions from the nh2 and cooh terminus are exposed respectively in the lumenal and cytoplasmic domains; the bulk of the molecule is apparently buried in the membrane. the pro ... | 1984 | 6324191 |
| the carbohydrates of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59: structures of the o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of glycoprotein e1. | two size classes of o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides were liberated from glycoprotein e1 of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59 by reductive beta-elimination and separated by h.p.l.c. the structures of the reduced oligosaccharides were determined by successive exoglycosidase digestions and by methylation analyses involving combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass fragmentography after chemical ionization with ammonia. oligosaccharide a (neu5ac alpha 2----3 gal beta 1- ... | 1984 | 6325180 |
| isolation of a coronavirus during studies on puffinosis, a disease of the manx shearwater (puffinus puffinus). | a virus was isolated from 2 day-old mice inoculated with homogenates of either the lungs or blood of 2 different shearwaters affected by puffinosis. examination of infected suckling mouse brain and infected nctc-1469 (mouse liver) cell cultures, by electron microscopy, revealed virus particles and inclusion bodies characteristic of a coronavirus. neutralization, complement fixation and fluorescent antibody tests showed that the virus was related to mouse hepatitis virus. the virus was not isolat ... | 1982 | 7125912 |
| glucan-induced modification of murine viral hepatitis. | glucan, a macrophage stimulant, was evaluated for its ability to alter survival and phagocytic dysfunction in mice challenged with mouse hepatitis virus strain mhv-a59. administration of glucan before the mice were challenged with the virus significantly prolonged median survival time but did not modify overall mortality compared with control mice given dextrose. maximal effectiveness was achieved when glucan was administered both before and after the viral challenge. in contrast to the marked h ... | 1980 | 7361108 |
| induction of macrophage procoagulant activity by murine hepatitis virus strain 3: role of tyrosine phosphorylation. | the induction of a unique macrophage procoagulant molecule by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 correlates with the severity of viral hepatitis. the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the signalling pathway leading to procoagulant expression was studied. murine hepatitis virus strain 3 initiated a rapid increase in phosphotyrosine accumulation. tyrosine kinase inhibition precluded this increase and abrogated expression of the virus-induced procoagulant mouse fibrinogen-like protein (musfiblp) gen ... | 1995 | 7543590 |
| inhibition of viral multiplication in cells chronically infected with mouse hepatitis virus by antisense rna against the polymerase gene. | recently, we showed that the antisense rna containing a hammerhead ribozyme sequence against the polymerase gene of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) inhibited viral multiplication in acute infection [10]. in the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of an antisense rna on viral multiplication in chronic mhv infection. in cell line lr-2, in which the 926-nucleotide (nt) antisense rna containing a ribozyme sequence against the polymerase gene was expressed constitutively at a high level, ch ... | 1995 | 7548422 |
| differential activation of mouse hepatitis virus-specific cd4+ cytotoxic t cells is defined by peptide length. | in this study we have characterized the core epitope recognized by the mhv-a59-specific cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones hs1 and b6.1, derived from balb/c and c57/bl6 mice, respectively. these cd4+ clones respond to the promiscuous peptide fragment s-329-343 of the glycoprotein s of mhv-a59. the results indicate that the core peptides of both clones overlap but are not identical. the core region of the hs1 clone is an 8-mer, and comprises the amino acid residues s-332-339, whereas the mi ... | 1995 | 7558143 |
| pattern of disease after murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection correlates with macrophage activation and not viral replication. | murine hepatitis virus strain (mhv-3) produces a strain-dependent pattern of disease which has been used as a model for fulminant viral hepatitis. this study was undertaken to examine whether there was a correlation between macrophage activation and susceptibility or resistance to mhv-3 infection. peritoneal macrophages were isolated from resistant a/j and susceptible balb/cj mice and, following stimulation with mhv-3 or lipopolysaccharide (lps), analyzed for transcription of mrna and production ... | 1995 | 7636967 |
| construction of murine coronavirus mutants containing interspecies chimeric nucleocapsid proteins. | targeted rna recombination was used to construct mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) mutants containing chimeric nucleocapsid (n) protein genes in which segments of the bovine coronavirus n gene were substituted in place of their corresponding mhv sequences. this defined portions of the two n proteins that, despite evolutionary divergence, have remained functionally equivalent. these regions included most of the centrally located rna-binding domain and two putative spacers that link the three domains of ... | 1995 | 7636993 |
| genomic relationship of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus to bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus oc43 as studied by the use of bovine coronavirus s gene-specific probes. | the genomic relationship of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) to bovine coronavirus (bcv) and human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 was examined by dot blot hybridization assays. two bcv s gene-specific probes were generated by polymerase chain reaction from the avirulent l9-strain of bcv. probes were located in the s1 and the s2 region of the peplomeric (s) glycoprotein gene. the s1 probe (726 bp) hybridized with bcv and hcv-oc43, but not with hev under moderate stringency hy ... | 1995 | 7646353 |
| sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein genes of three enterotropic strains of murine coronavirus. | the nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein genes of three enterotropic strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-y, mhv-ri and dvim) were determined and compared with previously reported sequences of three polytropic (respiratory) strains (mhv-a59, mhv-jhm and mhv-s). greater than 92% homology was found among the six strains by pair-wise comparison at the nucleotide level. the genes encoded proteins of 451 to 455 residues and the deduced amino acid sequences were more than ... | 1995 | 7733827 |
| localization of the lys, asp, glu, leu tetrapeptide receptor to the golgi complex and the intermediate compartment in mammalian cells. | the carboxyl-terminal lys-asp-glu-leu (kdel), or a closely-related sequence, is important for er localization of both lumenal as well as type ii membrane proteins. this sequence functions as a retrieval signal at post-er compartment(s), but the exact compartment(s) where the retrieval occurs remains unresolved. with an affinity-purified antibody against the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the mammalian kdel receptor, we have investigated its subcellular localization using immunogold labeling on th ... | 1994 | 7798312 |
| identification and characterization of a 65-kda protein processed from the gene 1 polyprotein of the murine coronavirus mhv-a59. | a 65-kda protein has been detected in mouse hepatitis virus a59 (mhv-a59)-infected dbt cells using polyclonal antibodies directed against polypeptides encoded by the 5' 1.8 kb of gene 1. the presence of this 65-kda protein (p65) was previously predicted from immunoprecipitation studies of gene 1 expression in mhv-a59-infected dbt cells with other antisera (1). p65 was rapidly labeled in virus-infected cells at late times of infection; however, its cleavage from the polyprotein was significantly ... | 1995 | 7871746 |
| two murine coronavirus genes suffice for viral rna synthesis. | we identified two mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) genes that suffice for mhv rna synthesis by using an mhv-jhm-derived defective interfering (di) rna, dissa. dissa is a naturally occurring self-replicating di rna with nearly intact genes 1 and 7. dissa interferes with most mhv-jhm-specific rna synthesis, except for synthesis of mrna 7, which encodes n protein; mrna 7 synthesis is not inhibited by dissa. coinfection of mhv-jhm containing dissa di particles and an mhv-a59 rna- temperature-sensitive mu ... | 1995 | 7884877 |
| apoptosis induced in mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells by a virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte clone. | morphological changes of mouse hepatitis virus-infected j774.1 cells cocultured with cloned mouse hepatitis virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes were examined by electron microscopy. condensation and margination of chromatin, cellular shrinkage with severe vacuolar degeneration, and blebbing were observed. in addition, fragmentation of cellular dna was observed, and a decrease in virus titer was accompanied by those changes. these findings show that the cloned cytotoxic t lymphocytes indu ... | 1994 | 7933139 |
| role of macrophages, interferon gamma and procoagulant activity in the resistance of genetic heterogeneous mouse populations to mouse hepatitis virus infection. | genetic heterogeneous mouse populations selected for high (hiii) and low (liii) antibody response were used to study some aspects of mouse hepatitis virus 3 (mhv3) infection, such as the resistance pattern, virus replication in the liver and peritoneal exudate or in cultured peritoneal macrophages, the interferon (ifn) synthesis in the serum and peritoneal exudate and the procoagulant activity (pca) of the peritoneal exudate (pec) and spleen cells (sc). the hiii mice, when compared to their liii ... | 1994 | 7944950 |
| identification of the cis-acting signal for minus-strand rna synthesis of a murine coronavirus: implications for the role of minus-strand rna in rna replication and transcription. | minus-strand rna is the first rna species made by plus-strand rna viruses, such as mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), and serves as a template for subsequent rna replication and transcription. the regulation of minus-strand rna synthesis has been difficult to study because of the paucity of minus-strand rna. we have optimized a ribonuclease (rnase) protection assay which enabled the detection of minus-strand rna synthesis from nonreplicating rnas, thus clearly separating minus-strand from plus-strand ... | 1994 | 7966604 |
| mouse hepatitis virus receptor activities of an mhvr/mph chimera and mhvr mutants lacking n-linked glycosylation of the n-terminal domain. | mouse hepatitis virus binds to the n-terminal domain of its receptor, mhvr, a murine biliary glycoprotein with four immunoglobulin-like domains (g.s. dveksler, m. n. pensiero, c. w. dieffenbach, c. b. cardellichio, a.a. basile, p.e. elia, and k. v. holmes, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 90:1716-1720, 1993). a recombinant protein with only the anchored n-terminal domain was not a functional receptor, but a recombinant protein with the n-terminal domain of mhvr linked to the second and third immunoglo ... | 1995 | 7983753 |
| molecular mimicry between s peplomer proteins of coronaviruses (mhv, bcv, tgev and ibv) and fc receptor. | in previous studies we have demonstrated molecular mimicry between the s peplomer protein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and fc gamma receptor (fc gamma r) of igg. rabbit igg, but not its f(ab')2 fragments, monoclonal rat and mouse igg and the rat 2.4g2 anti-mouse fc gamma r monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoprecipitated natural and recombinant mhv s protein. on the basis of a number of criteria, mhv s peplomer protein exhibits fc igg binding ability. we report here a molecular mimicry between the ... | 1993 | 8209728 |
| involvement of lipids in membrane binding of mouse hepatitis virus nucleocapsid protein. | evidence is presented which indicates that membrane binding of the mhv nucleocapsid (n) protein is influenced by membrane lipid composition. binding of n protein to membranes of mouse fibroblast l-2 cells is very specific and occurs under conditions in which no other viral or cellular proteins show detectable binding. binding occurs rapidly and does not require the presence of divalent cations such as ca++ or mg++. purified phospholipid liposomes compete against n protein binding to membranes. p ... | 1993 | 8209731 |
| role of macrophage procoagulant activity in mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) infection: studies using t cell mhv-3 clones and monoclonal antibody 3d4.3. | 1993 | 8209757 | |
| cytokine induction in vitro in mouse brain endothelial cells and astrocytes by exposure to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-4, jhm). | 1993 | 8209766 | |
| mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 rna polymerase gene orf 1a: heterogeneity among mhv strains. | gene 1, the putative rna replicase gene of coronaviruses, is expressed via two large overlapping open reading frames (orf 1a and orf 1b). we have determined the nucleotide sequence of orf 1a, encoded within the first 13.7 kb of gene 1, for the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59). putative papain-like protease domains, a picornavirus 3c-like protease domain, two hydrophobic domains, and a domain "x" of unknown function, previously identified in other coronaviruses (1-3), are al ... | 1994 | 8291254 |
| characterization of the budding compartment of mouse hepatitis virus: evidence that transport from the rer to the golgi complex requires only one vesicular transport step. | mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) buds into pleomorphic membrane structures with features expected of the intermediate compartment between the er and the golgi complex. here, we characterize the mhv budding compartment in more detail in mouse l cells using streptolysin o (slo) permeabilization which allowed us to better visualize the membrane structures at the er-golgi boundary. the mhv budding compartment shares membrane continuities with the rough er as well as with cisternal elements on one s ... | 1994 | 8294506 |
| mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 and blocking antireceptor monoclonal antibody bind to the n-terminal domain of cellular receptor. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain a59 uses as cellular receptors members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family in the immunoglobulin superfamily. recombinant receptor proteins with deletions of whole or partial immunoglobulin domains were used to identify the regions of receptor glycoprotein recognized by virus and by antireceptor monoclonal antibody cc1, which blocks infection of murine cells. monoclonal antibody cc1 and mhv-a59 virions bound only to recombinant proteins containing the entire ... | 1993 | 8383324 |
| the olfactory nerve and not the trigeminal nerve is the major site of cns entry for mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm. | several viruses, including mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm (mhv-jhm), enter the brain after intranasal inoculation and spread transneuronally to other parts of the central nervous system (cns). both the olfactory and trigeminal nerves innervate the nasal cavity and are potential portals of virus entry into the cns. to evaluate the relative importance of each nerve for mhv infection, mice were infected under conditions that discriminated between trigeminal and olfactory nerve entry. when olfacto ... | 1993 | 8386871 |
| a spike protein-dependent cellular factor other than the viral receptor is required for mouse hepatitis virus entry. | previous studies have shown that some mouse strains are resistant to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) infection despite the presence of functional viral receptors (k. yokomori and m. m. c. lai, j. virol. 66, 6931-6938, 1992). to determine the molecular requirement for mhv infection, several cell lines derived from both susceptible and resistant mouse strains were tested for their ability to support infection by two different mhv strains, jhm and a59. most of the cell lines tested, including ones from ... | 1993 | 8395126 |
| genetic predisposition to coronavirus-induced retinal disease. | retinal inflammatory and degenerative processes in humans and animals frequently are associated with genetic factors. the murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), jhm strain, induces a biphasic retinal disease in adult balb/c mice. the genetic constitution of the host and the virus serotype can be critical factors in determining the outcome of a virus infection. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible role of host genetics in murine coronavirus-induced retinal disease. | 1996 | 8550331 |
| the jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus induces a spike protein-specific db-restricted cytotoxic t cell response. | cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity specific for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) jhm strain (jhmv or mhv-4) was examined using in vitro stimulated spleen cells derived from immunized c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice. target cells infected with jhmv were specifically recognized; however, analysis of target cells expressing the virus structural proteins via recombinant vaccinia viruses showed no recognition of the viral nucleocapsid (n), membrane (m), small membrane (sm) or haemagglutinin-esterase (he) proteins. ... | 1996 | 8627236 |
| expression of the recombinant anchorless n-terminal domain of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) receptor makes hamster of human cells susceptible to mhv infection. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) receptor, the receptor for the murine coronavirus mhv, was expressed in mhv-resistant hamster and human cells as a series of mutant, recombinant glycoproteins with carboxy-terminal deletions lacking the cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane domain, and various amounts of the immunoglobulin constant-region-like domains. the soluble receptor glycoproteins containing the n-terminal virus-binding domain were released into the supernatant medium and inactivated the infectivity o ... | 1996 | 8648757 |
| role of virus-specific cd4+ cytotoxic t cells in recovery from mouse hepatitis virus infection. | macrophages and t lymphocytes play an important role in recovery from viral infections. during mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-a59) infection, a clear virus-specific class ii-restricted cytotoxic t-cell response is generated. transfer of these cd4+ cytotoxic t cells (ctl) into naive mice protects against a lethal challenge with mhv. however, their in vivo antiviral effector mechanism is not yet clear. to further investigate a possible effector mechanism, we studied the effect of adoptive transfer of ... | 1996 | 8666433 |
| [mouse hepatitis virus]. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), the coronavirus of the mouse (mus musculus), is one of the most important viral pathogens in contemporary laboratory mouse colonies. it is a highly mutable virus consisting of numerous antigenically distinct serotypes with different pathology. these can be divided according to their tissue tropism into respiratory and enterotropic strains. the course of an mhv infection is dependent on virus strain and host factors. generally mhv causes an acute, self limiting infect ... | 1996 | 8677422 |
| effect of adoptive transfer of cd4, cd8 and b cells on recovery from mhv3-induced immunodeficiencies. | a chronic viral infection can occur when the host fails to mount an effective immune response to clear the virus. mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv3) appears to be an excellent model for the study of the relationship between viral-induced immunodeficiency and chronic disease development. (c57bl/6 x a/j)f1 mice surviving acute hepatitis develop a chronic disease characterized by t- and b-cell immunodeficiencies, viral persistence in various organs including the brain, spleen and thymus, and death ... | 1996 | 8690454 |
| replication of murine coronavirus defective interfering rna from negative-strand transcripts. | the positive-strand defective interfering (di) rna of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), when introduced into mhv-infected cells, results in di rna replication and accumulation. we studied whether the introduction of negative-strand transcripts of mhv di rna would also result in replication. at a location downstream of the t7 promoter and upstream of the human hepatitis delta virus ribozyme domain, we inserted a complete cdna clone of mhv di rna in reverse orientation; in vitro- ... | 1996 | 8709192 |
| exacerbated viral hepatitis in ifn-gamma receptor-deficient mice is not suppressed by il-12. | both il-12 and ifn-gamma have been implicated as principal inducers of type 1 immune responses required for the elimination of intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. we examined the in vivo antiviral role of both cytokines during coronavirus-induced hepatitis in a mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) model. the absence of ifn-gamma function in mice with a targeted disruption of the ifn-gamma r alpha-chain gene (ifn-gamma r -/-) resulted in increased susceptibility to coronaviral hepatitis associated w ... | 1996 | 8752933 |
| coronaviruses in polarized epithelial cells. | coronaviruses have a marked tropism for epithelial cells. in this paper the interactions of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-a59) with epithelial cells are compared. porcine (llc-pk1) and murine (mtal) epithelial cells were grown on permeable supports. by inoculation from the apical or basolateral side both tgev and mhv-a59 were found to enter the polarized cells only through the apical membrane. the release of newly synthesized tgev from llc- ... | 1995 | 8830469 |
| mhvr-independent cell-cell spread of mouse hepatitis virus infection requires neutral ph fusion. | receptor-specificity is a key determinant of viral tropism. in this report, however, we have demonstrated that cell-associated spread of mhv can bypass the requirement for binding to primary receptors and thereby spread to cells that are resistant to mhv infection. anti-receptor antibody cc1, which blocks infection by mhv virions, failed to prevent cell-associated spread of mhv to receptor-negative bhk cells or receptor-positive dbt cells. cell-associated mhv may be utilizing an alternative, low ... | 1995 | 8830507 |
| inhibition of viral multiplication in acute and chronic stages of infection by ribozymes targeted against the polymerase gene of mouse hepatitis virus. | two hammerhead ribozymes targeted against the polymerase gene of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), which consisted of 22-nucleotide (nt) ribozyme core sequences and antisense sequences of different lengths, 243-nt (s-ribozyme) and 926-nt (l-ribozyme), were tested for their++ inhibitory effects on viral multiplication. vectors that expressed the ribozymes were transfected into mouse dbt cells and several resulting cell lines constitutively expressing the ribozymes were selected and examined for intrac ... | 1995 | 8830515 |
| characterization of the leader papain-like protease of mhv-a59. | sequence analysis of the mouse hepatitis virus, strain a59 (mhv-a59) genome predicts the presence of two papain-like proteases encoded within the first open reading frame of the replicase gene. the more 5' of these domains, the leader papain-like protease, is responsible for the cleavage of the amino terminal protein, p28. we have defined the core of this protease to between amino acids 1075 and 1344 from the beginning of orf 1a. deletion analysis coupled with in vitro expression, was used to st ... | 1995 | 8830518 |
| a conditional-lethal murine coronavirus mutant that fails to incorporate the spike glycoprotein into assembled virions. | the coronavirus spike glycoprotein (s) mediates both the attachment of virus to the host cell receptor and membrane fusion. we describe here the characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59 (mhv-a59) having multiple s protein-related defects. the most remarkable of these was that the mutant, designated albany 18 (alb18), assembled virions devoid of the s glycoprotein at the nonpermissive temperature. alb18 also failed to bring about syncytia for ... | 1995 | 8837889 |
| protective effect of recombinant interferon (ifn)-alpha/beta on mhv-2cc-induced chronic hepatitis in athymic nude mice. | the protective effects of recombinant ifn-alpha/beta on mhv-2cc-induced chronic and persistent hepatitis in athymic nude mice were examined. the mice intraperitoneally (ip) inoculated with mhv-2cc at day 0 of experiment were divided into 4 groups. three of them were administered ip with recombinant ifn-alpha/beta at a daily dose of 1 x 10(3) iu from -1 (-1d-group), 0 (0d-group), and +1 day of experiment (+1d-group), respectively, for 3 consecutive weeks. the remaining one (control group) was giv ... | 1996 | 8840151 |
| coronavirus-induced encephalomyelitis: balance between protection and immune pathology depends on the immunization schedule with spike protein s. | the neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus mhv-jhm induces central nervous system (cns) demyelination in lewis rats that pathologically resembles cns lesions in multiple sclerosis. the mechanisms of mhv-jhm-induced demyelination remain unclear and several studies have implicated the role of the immune response in this process. we have shown previously that protective immunity against mhv-jhm-induced encephalomyelitis was induced by immunization with a vaccinia virus (vv) recombinant expressing mhv-jh ... | 1995 | 9049333 |
| a role for naturally occurring variation of the murine coronavirus spike protein in stabilizing association with the cellular receptor. | murine hepatitis virus (mhv), a coronavirus, initiates infection by binding to its cellular receptor (mhvr) via spike (s) proteins projecting from the virion membrane. the structures of these s proteins vary considerably among mhv strains, and this variation is generally considered to be important in determining the strain-specific pathologies of mhv infection, perhaps by affecting the interaction between mhv and the mhvr. to address the relationships between s variation and receptor binding, as ... | 1997 | 9060676 |
| mouse hepatitis viral infection induces an extrathymic differentiation of the specific intrahepatic alpha beta-tcrintermediate lfa-1high t-cell population. | mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv3), a coronavirus, is an excellent model for the study of thymic and extrathymic t-cell subpopulation disorders induced during viral hepatitis. it was recently reported that, in addition to the intrathymic t-cell differentiation pathway, an extrathymic differentiation pathway of alpha beta-t-cell receptor (tcr) t lymphocytes exists in the liver, and becomes important under pathological situations such as autoimmune diseases, malignancies or hepatic bacterial infe ... | 1997 | 9155648 |
| enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus. | mouse hepatitis virus [mhv], the coronavirus of the mouse, is the most common viral pathogen in contemporary laboratory mouse colonies throughout the world. it is highly contagious with variable clinical manifestations. the majority of infections are subclinical, but can still significantly influence biological responses, thus interfering with research, mainly in the field of immunology. mhv has been intensively studied from a number of research perspectives and has become the prototype for stud ... | 1997 | 9175007 |
| kinetics of cytokine mrna expression in the central nervous system following lethal and nonlethal coronavirus-induced acute encephalomyelitis. | the potential role(s) of cytokines in the reduction of infectious virus and persistent viral infection in the central nervous system was examined by determining the kinetics of cytokine mrna expression following infection with the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus. mice were infected with an antibody escape variant which produces a nonlethal encephalomyelitis and compared to a clonal virus population which produces a fulminant fatal encephalomyelitis. infection with both viruses in ... | 1997 | 9217050 |
| expression of interferon-gamma by a coronavirus defective-interfering rna vector and its effect on viral replication, spread, and pathogenicity. | a defective-interfering (di) rna of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) was developed as a vector for expressing interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). the murine ifn-gamma gene was cloned into the di vector under the control of an mhv transcriptional promoter and transfected into mhv-infected cells. ifn-gamma was secreted into culture medium as early as 6 hr posttransfection and reached a peak level (up to 180 u/ml) at 12 hr posttransfection. the di-expressed ifn-gamma (de-ifn-gamma) exhi ... | 1997 | 9217056 |
| resistance to infection with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) in the cell clones derived from persistently infected dbt cells with the jhm strain of mhv. | pid-10 and pid-11 cells that have been established from persistently infected dbt cells with the jhm strain of mhv (jhmv) were resistant to infection with jhmv. there was no significant difference in the amount of adsorbed virus among pid-10, pid-11 and dbt cells. when an expression of mrna of the mhv receptor in pid-10 and pid-11 cells was analyzed by the rt-pcr method, no significant difference was observed in the intensities of the amplified products among pid-10, pid-11 and dbt cells. treatm ... | 1997 | 9271448 |
| ribavirin conjugated with lactosaminated poly-l-lysine: selective delivery to the liver and increased antiviral activity in mice with viral hepatitis. | ribavirin (ribv) is a useful drug in the treatment of chronic type c hepatitis but displays a toxicity for red blood cells (rbc), which limits its dosage and necessitates withdrawal in some patients. selective concentration of ribv in liver should improve therapeutic results. liver targeting can be achieved by coupling the drug to galactosyl-terminating peptides, which specifically enter hepatocytes. in the present work, we conjugated ribv to lactosaminated poly-l-lysine (l-poly(lys)), a hepatot ... | 1997 | 9278094 |
| fulminant hepatic failure in murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection: tissue-specific expression of a novel fgl2 prothrombinase. | activation of the immune coagulation system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fulminant liver failure caused by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (mhv-3). the recent discovery of the fgl2 gene, which encodes for mhv-3-induced prothrombinase (fgl2 prothrombinase), allows for fundamental studies to determine the molecular basis for fulminant liver failure. transcription of the fgl2 gene and translation of the protein it encodes were examined in the liver and other organs of susceptible mice ... | 1997 | 9371581 |
| the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 from persistently infected murine cells exhibits an extended host range. | in murine 17 cl 1 cells persistently infected with murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59), expression of the virus receptor glycoprotein mhvr was markedly reduced (s. g. sawicki, j. h. lu, and k. v. holmes, j. virol. 69:5535-5543, 1995). virus isolated from passage 600 of the persistently infected cells made smaller plaques on 17 cl 1 cells than did mhv-a59. unlike the parental mhv-a59, this variant virus also infected the bhk-21 (bhk) line of hamster cells. virus plaque p ... | 1997 | 9371612 |
| mouse hepatitis virus infection induces an early, transient calcium influx in mouse astrocytoma cells. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), a murine coronavirus, utilizes murine carcinoembryonic antigens as receptors. the events that follow virus-receptor binding and eventually lead to virus entry are poorly understood. we studied the possible effects of mhv infection on intracellular calcium in a mouse astrocytoma cell line. using the calcium-sensitive dye fluo-3 and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that mhv strain jhm induced an immediate (within 20 s) and transient (lasting no longer than ... | 1997 | 9417866 |
| role of virus receptor-bearing endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in preventing the spread of mouse hepatitis virus-a59 into the central nervous system. | balb/c mice develop a neurologic demyelinating disease after inoculation of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), strain a59, by the intracranial, but not by the intraperitoneal route. to determine the mechanisms that prevent virus spreading through the blood-brain barrier, we analyzed expression of mhvr, a glycoprotein that serves as receptor for mouse hepatitis virus on endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels. our results indicated that mhvr was strongly expressed on the endoluminal pole of these c ... | 1997 | 9475114 |
| morphological analysis of mouse hepatitis virus a59-induced pathology with regard to viral receptor expression. | mouse hepatitis virus, strain a59 (mhv-a59), is a coronavirus that triggers in susceptible mice a wide variety of pathologies, including hepatitis, thymus involution, b lymphocyte polyclonal activation and, after intra-cerebral inoculation, transient demyelination. one receptor that mediates entry of the virus into target cells has been identified: it is a glycoprotein of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, called bgp1a. the availability of antibodies recognizing this molecule permits the analy ... | 1998 | 9476648 |
| mice lacking il-12 develop polarized th1 cells during viral infection. | studies in il-12-deficient mice established the necessity for il-12 to generate a th1 cytokine response that is often required for elimination of intracellular pathogens. in this study, we demonstrate that mice with a targeted disruption of the il-12p40 and/or p35 gene effectively control liver damage induced by mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) infection, similar to wild-type animals. in contrast, mhv-infected ifn-gamma receptor-deficient (ifn-gammar[-/-]) mice showed an increased susceptibility to c ... | 1998 | 9558103 |
| the role of il-10 in mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis. | interleukin 10 (il-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine. to examine its role in virus-induced encephalomyelitis, il-10-deficient (il-10 -/-) mice were infected with a neurotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv). jhmv-infected il-10 -/- mice, compared to il-4 -/- and syngeneic c57bl/6 mice, exhibited increased morbidity and mortality. virus was cleared from the cns of all groups of mice with equal kinetics by day 9 postinfection and the lack of either il-4 or il-10 did not alter ... | 1998 | 9636366 |
| [the activity of serine dehydratase enzyme of liver tissue in experimental murine infection with mouse hepatitis virus 3]. | 1983 | 9704124 | |
| coronavirus transcription early in infection. | we studied the accumulation kinetics of murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) rnas early in infection by using cloned mhv defective interfering (di) rna that contained an intergenic sequence from which subgenomic di rna is synthesized in mhv-infected cells. genomic di rna and subgenomic di rna accumulated at a constant ratio from 3 to 11 h postinfection (p.i.) in the cells infected with mhv-containing di particles. earlier, at 1 h p.i., this ratio was not constant; only genomic di rna a ... | 1998 | 9765389 |
| feline aminopeptidase n is a receptor for all group i coronaviruses. | human coronavirus hcv-229e and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), both members of coronavirus group i, use aminopeptidase n (apn) as their cellular receptors. these viruses show marked species specificity in receptor utilization as they can only use apn of their respective species to initiate virus infection. feline and canine coronaviruses are also group i coronaviruses. to determine whether feline apn could serve as a receptor for feline coronaviruses (fcovs), we cloned the cd ... | 1998 | 9782266 |
| coronavirus mhv-a59 causes upregulation of interferon-beta rna in primary glial cell cultures. | infection of mice with coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain mhv-a59 causes focal acute encephalitis, hepatitis and chronic demyelinating disease. to investigate host interferon (ifn) response to viral infection within the brain, rna was extracted from a59-or mhv-2- infected and mock-infected primary astrocyte cultures from newborn mice, rt-pcr amplified rna with primers specific for the various ifns, transferred to nylon membranes and hybridized with ifn specific digoxigenin-labeled probes. ... | 1998 | 9782314 |
| role of mouse hepatitis virus-a59 receptor bgp1a expression in virus-induced pathogenesis. | expression of bgp1a, a glycoprotein that serves as receptor for mouse hepatitis virus-a59 has been analyzed in various mouse tissues and correlated with the pathogenicity that this virus induces in the corresponding organs. expression of bgp1a was observed in many cells of epithelial origin, including hepatocytes and endothelial cells. it was also shown on macrophages and b lymphocytes. bgp1a localization may easily explain infection and lysis of some cell types like hepatocytes. in contrast, ot ... | 1998 | 9782331 |
| viral evolution and ctl epitope stability during jhmv infection in the central nervous system. | the jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv) establishes a persistent infection in the murine central nervous system (cns) associated with chronic ongoing demyelination in the absence of detectable virus. to distinguish between immune and replication associated mechanisms of persistence, brains from acutely and persistently infected mice were analyzed for viral rna mutations in the encapsidation sequence (ecs) and regions encoding either the transmembrane domains of the matrix (m) protein or a ... | 1998 | 9782354 |
| importance of coronavirus negative-strand genomic rna synthesis prior to subgenomic rna transcription. | the (-)-strand viral rnas that result from after infection of cells with coronaviruses, which possess rna genomes of message polarity, are genomic-sized and subgenomic-sized. each of the (-)-strand subgenomic rnas corresponds in size to each of the subgenomic mrna species that are made in infected cells. we tested whether (-)-strand subgenomic rnas might initially be synthesized from the input single-stranded (+)-strand genomic rna prior to the production of subgenomic mrnas. we used a mouse hep ... | 1998 | 9833884 |
| diagnosis of mouse hepatitis virus contamination in mouse population by using nude mice and rt-pcr. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) infection in laboratory mouse populations is a serious problem, because the mhv infections are known to interfere with research results. confirmation of indirect serological detection methods by viral isolation is difficult. reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to test 94 mouse tissue samples from suspected naturally mhv infected mice. positive results were only obtained from two colon samples and one mixed sample with colon and liver ... | 1999 | 10024430 |
| expression of murine coronavirus recombinant papain-like proteinase: efficient cleavage is dependent on the lengths of both the substrate and the proteinase polypeptides. | proteolytic processing of the replicase gene product of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) is essential for viral replication. in mhv strain a59 (mhv-a59), the replicase gene encodes two predicted papain-like proteinase (plp) domains, plp-1 and plp-2. previous work using viral polypeptide substrates synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation from the replicase gene demonstrated both cis and trans cleavage activities for plp-1. we have cloned and overexpressed the plp-1 domain in escherichia ... | 1999 | 10074111 |
| the nucleocapsid protein of murine hepatitis virus type 3 induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene. | using a set of parental and recombinant murine hepatitis virus strains, we demonstrate that the nucleocapsid protein induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene and elevated procoagulant activity in those strains that produce fulminant hepatitis. chinese hamster ovary cells cotransfected with a construct expressing nucleocapsid protein from susceptible strains and with a luciferase reporter construct containing the fgl2 promoter showed a 6-fold increase in luciferase activity com ... | 1999 | 10187767 |
| murine viruses in an island population of introduced house mice and endemic short-tailed mice in western australia. | house mice (mus domesticus) were recently introduced to thevenard island, off the northwest coast of western australia. this island is also habitat for an endangered native rodent, the short-tailed mouse (leggadina lakedownensis). concerns have been raised that house mice may pose a threat to l. lakedownensis both through competition and as a source of infection. to assess the threat to l. lakedownensis posed by viral pathogens from m. domesticus, a serological survey was conducted from 1994 to ... | 1999 | 10231757 |
| the hemagglutinin-esterase of mouse hepatitis virus strain s is a sialate-4-o-acetylesterase. | by comparative analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) protein of mouse hepatitis virus strain s (mhv-s) and the he protein of influenza c virus, we found major differences in substrate specificities. in striking contrast to the influenza c virus enzyme, the mhv-s esterase was unable to release acetate from bovine submandibulary gland mucin. furthermore, mhv-s could not remove influenza c virus receptors from erythrocytes. analysis with free sialic acid derivatives revealed that the mhv-s he ... | 1999 | 10233932 |
| insertion of a new transcriptional unit into the genome of mouse hepatitis virus. | the subgenomic mrnas of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) are composed of a leader sequence, identical to the 5' 70 nucleotides of the genome, joined at distant downstream sites to a stretch of sequence that is identical to the 3' end of the genome. the points of fusion occur at intergenic sequences (igss), loci on the genome that contain a tract of sequence homologous to the 3' end of the leader rna. we have constructed a mutant of mhv-a59 containing an extra igs inserted into the gen ... | 1999 | 10364371 |
| depletion of blood-borne macrophages does not reduce demyelination in mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus. | mice infected with the neurotropic coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm (mhv-jhm) develop a chronic demyelinating disease with symptoms of hindlimb paralysis. histological examination of the brains and spinal cords of these animals reveals the presence of large numbers of activated macrophages/microglia. in two other experimental models of demyelination, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelination, depletion of hematogenous m ... | 1999 | 10400724 |
| induction of apoptosis in murine coronavirus-infected cultured cells and demonstration of e protein as an apoptosis inducer. | we demonstrated that infection of 17cl-1 cells with the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. mhv-infected dbt cells did not show apoptotic changes, indicating that apoptosis was not a universal mechanism of cell death in mhv-infected cells. expression of mhv structural proteins by recombinant vaccinia viruses showed that expression of mhv e protein induced apoptosis in dbt cells, whereas expression of other mhv structural proteins, including s prote ... | 1999 | 10438879 |
| macrophage infiltration, but not apoptosis, is correlated with immune-mediated demyelination following murine infection with a neurotropic coronavirus. | mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm (mhv-jhm) develop a chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis that is in large part immune mediated. potential mechanisms of immune activity were assessed using an adoptive transfer system. mice deficient in recombinase-activating gene function (rag1(-/-)), defective in b- and t-cell maturation, become persistently infected with mhv but do not develop demyelination. adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice immunized to mhv into rag1(-/-) mice i ... | 1999 | 10482631 |
| increased neoplasm development due to immunosuppressive treatment with fk-506 in balb/c mice persistently infected with the mouse herpesvirus (mhv-72). | balb/c mice were infected with the lymphotropic mouse gammaherpesvirus (mhv-72). at late (7-12 months) post-infection intervals the latent virus was detected in the cells of lymphatic system (peripheral blood, lymphocytes and macrophages, thymocytes, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peritoneal macrophages,) and in the spleen, lungs, liver, and kidney by cocultivation as well as by explantation. the mhv-72 infected mice, in which latency had been established, were treated with the immunosuppressive ... | 1999 | 10532652 |
| further requirements for cleavage by the murine coronavirus 3c-like proteinase: identification of a cleavage site within orf1b. | the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) encodes a 3c-like proteinase (3clpro) that is proposed to be responsible for the majority of the processing events that take place within the replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab. in this study we demonstrate that the q939/s940 peptide bond, located between the polymerase and zn-finger regions of pp1ab (the pol/zn site), is processed by the 3clpro, albeit inefficiently. mutagenesis of the pol/zn site, as well as the previously identifie ... | 1999 | 10544119 |
| formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex of mouse hepatitis virus involving heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 and transcription-regulatory elements of viral rna. | the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 (hnrnp a1) specifically binds to two transcription-regulatory elements, i.e., the leader and intergenic sequence, of the negative-strand (template-strand) rna of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and may play a role in viral rna transcription. previous studies based on the defective-interfering rnas of mhv suggested that these two rna elements may interact with each other during transcription, although they do not have complementary sequences. in this stu ... | 1999 | 10544136 |
| the nucleocapsid protein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus interacts with the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 in vitro and in vivo. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 (hnrnp-a1) are rna-binding proteins, binding to the leader rna and the intergenic sequence of mhv negative-strand template rnas, respectively. previous studies have suggested a role for both n and hnrnp-a1 proteins in mhv rna synthesis. however, it is not known whether the two proteins can interact with each other. here we employed a series of methods to determine their interac ... | 1999 | 10603321 |
| a central role for cd4(+) t cells and rantes in virus-induced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. | infection of c57bl/6 mice with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) results in a demyelinating encephalomyelitis characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and white matter destruction similar to the pathology of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. the contributions of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells in the pathogenesis of the disease were investigated. significantly less severe inflammation and demyelination were observed in cd4(-/-) mice than in cd8(-/-) and c57bl/6 mice (p < or = 0.002 a ... | 2000 | 10627552 |
| coronavirus-induced membrane fusion requires the cysteine-rich domain in the spike protein. | the spike glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 mediates the early events leading to infection of cells, including fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. the spike is a type i membrane glycoprotein that possesses a conserved transmembrane anchor and an unusual cysteine-rich (cys) domain that bridges the putative junction of the anchor and the cytoplasmic tail. in this study, we examined the role of these carboxyl-terminal domains in spike-mediated membrane fusion. we show that th ... | 2000 | 10725213 |
| subgenomic negative-strand rna function during mouse hepatitis virus infection. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-infected cells contain full-length and subgenomic-length positive- and negative-strand rnas. the origin and function of the subgenomic negative-strand rnas is controversial. in this report we demonstrate that the synthesis and molar ratios of subgenomic negative strands are similar in alternative host cells, suggesting that these rnas function as important mediators of positive-strand synthesis. using kinetic labeling experiments, we show that the full-length and subg ... | 2000 | 10756015 |
| liver-specific alpha 2 interferon gene expression results in protection from induced hepatitis. | the current therapy for hepatitis b and c is based on systemic administration of recombinant human alpha interferon (r-hifn-alpha). however, systemic delivery of r-hifn-alpha is associated with severe side effects, but more importantly, it is effective in only a small percentage of patients. in an effort to maximize ifn-alpha antiviral efficacy, we have explored the therapeutic potential of murine ifn-alpha2 (mifnalpha2) selectively expressed in the liver. to this end, we have developed a helper ... | 2000 | 10775620 |
| host protein interactions with the 3' end of bovine coronavirus rna and the requirement of the poly(a) tail for coronavirus defective genome replication. | rna viruses have 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) that contain specific signals for rna synthesis. the coronavirus genome is capped at the 5' end and has a 3' utr that consists of 300 to 500 nucleotides (nt) plus a poly(a) tail. to further our understanding of coronavirus replication, we have begun to examine the involvement of host factors in this process for two group ii viruses, bovine coronavirus (bcv) and mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv). specific host protein interactions with the bc ... | 2000 | 10799579 |
| sequence analysis of major structural proteins of newly isolated mouse hepatitis virus. | we have isolated the virus from a fecal pellet in the colon of a balb/c mouse with x-linked immunodeficiency (xid) housed in a room in which there has recently been an epidemic due to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and designated it as the mhv-ty strain. sequence analysis of the mhv-ty strain was performed on major structural, spike (s), membrane (m) and nucleocapsid (n), proteins directly from pcr products. the comparison of nucleotide sequences of mhv-ty with other strains investigated so far rev ... | 2000 | 10803365 |
| mouse hepatitis virus replicase proteins associate with two distinct populations of intracellular membranes. | the coronavirus replicase gene (gene 1) is translated into two co-amino-terminal polyproteins that are proteolytically processed to yield more than 15 mature proteins. several gene 1 proteins have been shown to localize at sites of viral rna synthesis in the infected cell cytoplasm, notably on late endosomes at early times of infection. however, both immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies have also detected gene 1 proteins at sites distinct from the putative sites of viral rna synth ... | 2000 | 10823872 |
| characterization of an essential rna secondary structure in the 3' untranslated region of the murine coronavirus genome. | we have previously identified a functionally essential bulged stem-loop in the 3' untranslated region of the positive-stranded rna genome of mouse hepatitis virus. this 68-nucleotide structure is composed of six stem segments interrupted by five bulges, and its structure, but not its primary sequence, is entirely conserved in the related bovine coronavirus. the functional importance of individual stem segments of this stem-loop was characterized by genetic analysis using targeted rna recombinati ... | 2000 | 10888630 |
| impaired entry of soluble receptor-resistant mutants of mouse hepatitis virus into cells expressing mhvr2 receptor. | mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) jhmv and its soluble receptor-resistant (srr) mutants, srr7, srr11, and srr18, grew and induced syncytia equally well in bhk-r1 cells expressing the mhvr1 receptor derived from mhv-susceptible balb/c mice. in contrast, srr growth and syncytia formations were drastically reduced relative to wild-type (wt) virus in bhk-r2 cells expressing the mhvr2 receptor from mhv-resistant sjl mice. infections by these srr mutants in bhk-r2 cells were 0.7 to 1.5 log10 less efficient ... | 2000 | 10891410 |