| interleukin-1beta secretion is impaired by inhibitors of the atp binding cassette transporter, abc1. | the production of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), a powerful mediator of inflammation, is tightly regulated at several levels. however, in some pathologic conditions, a pharmacologic treatment is required to control the toxicity of excessive extracellular il-1beta. because of the heavy side effects of most therapies used in il-1beta-mediated pathologies, a goal of pharmacologic research is the development of selective anti-il-1beta drugs. we show here that the sulfonylurea glyburide, currently use ... | 1997 | 9376570 |
| atm-dependent interactions of a mammalian chk1 homolog with meiotic chromosomes. | checkpoint pathways prevent cell-cycle progression in the event of dna lesions. checkpoints are well defined in mitosis, where lesions can be the result of extrinsic damage, and they are critical in meiosis, where dna breaks are a programmed step in meiotic recombination. in mitotic yeast cells, the chk1 protein couples dna repair to the cell-cycle machinery. the atm and atr proteins are mitotic cell-cycle proteins that also associate with chromatin during meiotic prophase i. the genetic and reg ... | 1997 | 9382850 |
| crx, a novel otx-like paired-homeodomain protein, binds to and transactivates photoreceptor cell-specific genes. | the otd/otx gene family encodes paired-like homeodomain proteins that are involved in the regulation of anterior head structure and sensory organ development. using the yeast one-hybrid screen with a bait containing the ret 4 site from the bovine rhodopsin promoter, we have cloned a new member of the family, crx (cone rod homeobox). crx encodes a 299 amino acid residue protein with a paired-like homeodomain near its n terminus. in the adult, it is expressed predominantly in photoreceptors and pi ... | 1997 | 9390516 |
| identification of n-acetylneuraminic acid and its 9-o-acetylated derivative on the cell surface of cryptococcus neoformans: influence on fungal phagocytosis. | sialic acids from sialoglycoconjugates present at the cell surface of cryptococcus neoformans yeast forms were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, binding of influenza a and c virus strains, enzymatic treatment, and flow cytofluorimetry with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. c. neoformans yeast forms grown in a chemically defined medium contain n-acetylneuraminic acid and its 9-o-acetylated derivative. a density of 3 x 10(6) residues of sialic acid per cell was foun ... | 1997 | 9393779 |
| an eps homology (eh) domain protein that binds to the ral-gtpase target, ralbp1. | ral proteins constitute a family of small gtpases that can be activated by ras in cells. in the gtp-bound state, ral proteins bind to ralbp1, a gtpase-activating protein for cdc42 and rac gtpases. we have used the two-hybrid system in yeast to clone a cdna for a novel approximately 85-kda protein that can bind to an additional site on ralbp1. this newly identified protein contains an eps homology (eh) domain, which was first detected in the epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor substrate eps15. ... | 1997 | 9395447 |
| in vivo analyses of rna polymerase i termination in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | recent studies on the termination of rdna transcription by rna polymerase i in saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe have suggested a more complex mechanism then previously described in higher eukaryotes. termination appears to occur when a dna-bound reb1 protein molecule induces polymerase to pause in the context of a release element [see reeder,r.h. and lang,w. (1994) mol. microbiol ., 12, 11-15]. because these conclusions in yeast were based entirely on in vitro analyses, we ... | 1997 | 9396822 |
| the proofreading domain of escherichia coli dna polymerase i and other dna and/or rna exonuclease domains. | prior sequence analysis studies have suggested that bacterial ribonuclease (rnase) ds comprise a complete domain that is found also in homo sapiens polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome 100 kda autoantigen and werner syndrome protein. this rnase d 3'-->5' exoribonuclease domain was predicted to have a structure and mechanism of action similar to the 3'-->5' exodeoxyibonuclease (proofreading) domain of dna polymerases. here, hidden markov model (hmm) and phylogenetic studies have been used to ... | 1997 | 9396823 |
| identification of a phylogenetically conserved sug1 cad family member that is differentially expressed in the mouse nervous system. | we have isolated a cdna clone from mouse, m56, that encodes a member of the conserved atpase-containing domain (cad) protein family. sequence analysis revealed that m56 is identical to mouse msug1/fza-b and shares high homology with human trip1, moth 18-56, and yeast sug1. when examined, sug1-like cad proteins appear to function in the regulation of the 26s proteasome, as well as associate with members of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily and other transcriptional activators. m56 can comp ... | 1997 | 9407011 |
| p300 functions as a coactivator for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. | the integrator protein, p300, was demonstrated to interact with mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in a ligand-enhanced manner. the pparalpha-interacting domain of p300 was mapped to amino acids 39-117 which interacted strongly with pparalpha but did not interact with retinoic acid receptor-gamma or retinoid x receptor-alpha. amino acids within the carboxyl terminus of pparalpha as well as residues within the hinge region were required for ligand-dependent interaction with p3 ... | 1997 | 9407140 |
| role of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase epsilon in spermatogenesis in mice. | previous studies on dna polymerase epsilon indicate that this enzyme is involved in replication of chromosomal dna. in this study, we examined the expression of dna polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon during mouse testis development and germ cell differentiation. the steady-state levels of mrnas encoding dna polymerase epsilon and the recombination enzyme rad51 remained constant during testis development, whereas the mrna levels of dna polymerases alpha and delta declined from birth until sexu ... | 1997 | 9408242 |
| neuropeptide y receptor genes mapped in human and mouse: receptors with high affinity for pancreatic polypeptide are not clustered with receptors specific for neuropeptide y and peptide yy. | ppyr1, npy5r, and npy6r, the genes encoding mouse type 4, type 5, and type 6 members of the neuropeptide y receptor family, have been mapped by interspecific backcross analysis to conserved linkage groups on mouse chr 14, chr 8, and chr 18, respectively. the human genes, ppyr1 and npy5r, have been localized to chromosomes 10q and 4q, respectively, by analysis of a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids and yeast artificial chromosomes. these studies complete the mapping of the cloned npy rec ... | 1997 | 9417917 |
| genomic evolution of the distal mhc class i region on mouse chr 17. | a 5-mb yac contig, partly supplemented with bac contigs, was created from the distal mhc class i region on mouse chr 17. the gene order of znf173-tctex5-mog-d17tu42-d17leh 89 is conserved between mouse and human but not the physical distance, supporting the independent expansion of mhc class i genes in the so-called accordion model of mhc evolution. the distal h2-m region includes the breakpoint of conserved synteny between mouse and human as well as the in(17)4 t-inversion. the h2-m region is r ... | 1997 | 9420479 |
| interferon-responsive protein kinase (p68) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are inversely distributed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | pkr (protein kinase, interferon-responsive) is a ribosomal-associated protein kinase found in all human cells. when activated by dsrna or polyanionic substances, pkr efficiently inhibits cellular protein synthesis. pkr expression has been correlated with cellular differentiation in a number of tumor types, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. although transfection of pkr into mouse fibroblasts and yeast cells inhibits proliferation, it is not known if modulation of nati ... | 1998 | 9422082 |
| apolipoprotein(a) yeast artificial chromosome transgenic rabbits. lipoprotein(a) assembly with human and rabbit apolipoprotein b. | the in vivo analysis of lipoprotein(a) (lp(a)), an independent atherosclerosis risk factor in humans, has been limited in part by its restricted distribution among mammals. although transgenic mice have been created containing lp(a), the relatively small size of the mouse has precluded some studies. to examine the properties of this molecule in a significantly larger mammal, we have used a 270-kilobase yeast artificial chromosome clone containing the human apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) gene and a 9 ... | 1998 | 9422793 |
| a candidate mammalian dna methyltransferase related to pmt1p of fission yeast. | trace levels of 5-methylcytosine persist in the dna of mouse embryonic stem cells that are homozygous for null mutations in dnmt1 , the gene for the one previously recognized metazoan dna methyltransferase. this residual 5-methylcytosine may be the product of a candidate second dna methyltransferase, dnmt2, that has now been identified in human and mouse. dnmt2 contains all the sequence motifs diagnostic of dna (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases but appears to lack the large n-terminal regulatory d ... | 1998 | 9425235 |
| cloning and structural analysis of the murine gcn5l1 gene. | we recently cloned the murine 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase gene. a second gene, the murine gcn5l1 gene, was found to be situated upstream of the murine 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase gene. we have isolated and sequenced the complete coding sequence of the murine gcn5l1 gene. the distance between the 3'-end of the murine gcn5l1 gene and the 5'-end of the 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase gene is only 776 nt. the murine gcnsl1 gene consists of four exons encompassing approximately 3.5 kb of genomic dna. ... | 1997 | 9426003 |
| genomic organization, cdna sequence, bacterial expression, and purification of human seryl-trna synthase. | in this paper, we report the cdna sequence and deduced primary sequence for human cytosolic seryl-trna synthetase, and its expression in escherichia coli. two human brain cdna clones of different origin, containing overlapping fragments coding for human seryl-trna synthetase were sequenced: hfbdn14 (fetal brain clone); and ib48 (infant brain clone). for both clones the 5' region of the cdna was missing. this 5' region was obtained via pcr methods using a human brain 5' race-ready cdna library. t ... | 1997 | 9431993 |
| molecular cloning of tvdao1, a gene encoding a d-amino acid oxidase from trigonopsis variabilis and its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces lactis. | the dao1 gene of trigonopsis variabilis encoding a d-amino acid oxidase (ec 1.4.3.3) was isolated from genomic clones selected for their specific hybridization to synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes based on regions of the enzyme that have been conserved through evolution. the nucleotide sequence of the gene predicts a protein with similarities to human, pig, rabbit, mouse and fusarium solani d-amino acid oxidases. the open reading frame of the t. variabilis dao1 gene was interrupted by an ... | 1997 | 9434346 |
| rim2 (recombination-induced mutation 2) is a new allele of pearl and a mouse model of human hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps): genetic and physical mapping. | a mouse mutation, rim2, is one of a series of spontaneous mutations that arose from the intra-mhc recombinants between japanese wild mouse-derived wm7 and laboratory mhc haplotypes. this mutation is single recessive and characterized by diluted coat color and hypo-pigmentation of the eyes. we mapped the rim2 gene close to an old coat color mutation, pearl (pe), on chromosome (chr) 13 by the high-density linkage analysis. the pearl mutant is known to have abnormalities similar to hermansky-pudlak ... | 1998 | 9434937 |
| molecular evolution of hox gene regulation: cloning and transgenic analysis of the lamprey hoxq8 gene. | the mammalian hox clusters arose by duplication of a primordial cluster. the duplication of hox clusters created redundancy within cognate groups, allowing for change in function over time. the lamprey, petromyzon marinus, occupies an intermediate position within the chordates, both in terms of morphologic complexity and possibly cluster number. to determine the extent of divergence among hox genes after duplication events within vertebrates, we analyzed hox genes belonging to cognate group 8. h ... | 1998 | 9437854 |
| the cut-homeodomain transcriptional activator hnf-6 is coexpressed with its target gene hnf-3 beta in the developing murine liver and pancreas. | murine hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 beta (hnf-3 beta) protein is a member of a large family of developmentally regulated transcription factors that share homology in the winged helix/fork head dna binding domain and that participate in embryonic pattern formation. hnf-3 beta also mediates cell-specific transcription of genes important for the function of hepatocytes, intestinal and bronchiolar epithelial, and pancreatic acinar cells. we have previously identified a liver-enriched transcription fa ... | 1997 | 9441664 |
| mutations in prop1 cause familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency. | combined pituitary hormone deficiency (cphd) in man denotes impaired production of growth hormone (gh) and one or more of the other five anterior pituitary hormones. mutations of the pituitary transcription factor gene pou1f1 (the human homologue of mouse pit1) are responsible for deficiencies of gh, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) in snell and jackson dwarf mice and in man, while the production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle stimula ... | 1998 | 9462743 |
| mammalian rad51 protein: a reca homologue with pleiotropic functions. | during the last years, homologues of e coli reca have been cloned in numerous species including man. these rad51 proteins share sequence as well as functional homologies with the bacterial protein. human rad51 (hsrad51) is able to catalyze strand exchange in vitro between homologous dnas, but with a lower efficiency compared to that of reca. this suggests the requirement of additional factors. a very interesting feature of rad51 is its essential role in mouse which could mean that it has gained ... | 1997 | 9466696 |
| rodent y chromosome tspy gene is functional in rat and non-functional in mouse. | recombination is believed to prevent genetic deterioration in sexual populations because it allows conservation of functional genotypes by removing deleterious mutations. moreover, evidence that non-recombining segments of a genome deteriorate is provided by genetic experiments in drosophila and yeast. y chromosomes generally do not recombine along most of their length, and thus y chromosome genes, despite having been selectively maintained for their function, could be lost from the genome. here ... | 1998 | 9467017 |
| a new rac target posh is an sh3-containing scaffold protein involved in the jnk and nf-kappab signalling pathways. | the rho, rac and cdc42 gtpases coordinately regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and the jnk map kinase pathway. mutational analysis of rac has previously shown that these two activities are mediated by distinct cellular targets, though their identity is not known. two rac targets, p65(pak) and mlk, are ser/thr kinases that have been reported to be capable of activating the jnk pathway. we present evidence that neither is the rac target mediating jnk activation in cos-1 cells. we ... | 1998 | 9482736 |
| functional comparison of the yeast scerv1 and scerv2 genes. | the yeast scerv1 gene is the first representative of a new emerging gene family. its gene product is essential for the yeast cell and is involved in the biogenesis of mitochondria and the regulation of the cell cycle. recently the general importance of the gene for the eukaryotic cell was shown by the identification of a structural and functional human homologue. the homologous mammalian alr (augmenter of liver regeneration) genes from man, mouse and rat are important for different developmental ... | 1998 | 9483805 |
| complex formation of smap/kap3, a kif3a/b atpase motor-associated protein, with a human chromosome-associated polypeptide. | we have recently isolated smap (smg gds-associated protein; smg gds: small g protein gdp dissociation stimulator) as a novel smg gds-associated protein, which has armadillo repeats and is phosphorylated by src tyrosine kinase. smap is a human counterpart of mouse kap3 (kinesin superfamily-associated protein) that is associated with mouse kif3a/b (a kinesin superfamily protein), which functions as a microtubule-based atpase motor for organelle transport. we isolated here a smap-interacting protei ... | 1998 | 9506951 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation of dna-dependent protein kinase-defective rodent mutant irs-20. | the catalytic subunit of the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pkcs) is a member of a sub-family of phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinases termed pik-related kinases. a distinguishing feature of this sub-family is the presence of a conserved c-terminal region downstream of a pi 3-kinase domain. mutants defective in dna-pkcs are sensitive to ionising radiation and are unable to carry out v(d)j recombination. irs-20 is a dna-pkcs-defective cell line with milder gamma-ray sensitivity than two previous ... | 1998 | 9518490 |
| mutations in either nucleotide-binding site of p-glycoprotein (mdr3) prevent vanadate trapping of nucleotide at both sites. | vanadate trapping of nucleotide and site-directed mutagenesis were used to investigate the role of the two nucleotide-binding (nb) sites in the regulation of atp hydrolysis by p-glycoprotein (mouse mdr3). mdr3, tagged with a hexahistidine tail, was overexpressed in the yeast pichia pastoris and purified to about 90% homogeneity by ni-affinity chromatography. this protocol yielded purified, reconstituted mdr3 which exhibited high verapamil stimulation of atpase activity with a vmax of 4.2 micromo ... | 1998 | 9521779 |
| the largest subunit of mouse rna polymerase ii (rpb1) functionally substituted for its yeast counterpart in vivo. | the full-length mouse rna polymerase ii (pol ii) largest subunit (rpb1) gene was used to replace 5070 bp of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae rpb1 gene via homologous recombination and gene replacement in vivo. transcription of the mouse rpb1 gene using the yeast promoter in the haploid state was confirmed by northern analysis. this strain of yeast is viable, indicating that mouse rpb1 is able to interact functionally with the other yeast rna pol ii subunits in vivo. | 1998 | 9524248 |
| cloning of human p55 gamma, a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, by a yeast two-hybrid library screen with the insulin-like growth factor-i receptor. | we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with the intracellular domain of the insulin-like growth factor-i receptor (igfir). in a search of a human fetal brain library we identified a cdna encoding a protein that is the human homologue of mouse p55pik, a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (hp55 gamma). the hp55 gamma protein interacts strongly with the activated igfir but not with the kinase-negative mutant receptor. hp55 gamma also interacts w ... | 1998 | 9524259 |
| shc and enigma are both required for mitogenic signaling by ret/ptc2. | ret/ptc2 is a constitutively active, oncogenic form of the c-ret receptor tyrosine kinase. like the other papillary thyroid carcinoma forms of ret, ret/ptc2 is activated through fusion of the ret tyrosine kinase domain to the dimerization domain of another protein. investigation of requirements for ret/ptc2 mitogenic activity, using coexpression with dominant negative forms of ras and raf, indicated that these proteins are required for mitogenic signaling by ret/ptc2. because activation of ras r ... | 1998 | 9528800 |
| the primary and final effector mechanisms required for kinin-induced epithelial chloride secretion. | the short-circuit current technique was used to examine the effects of n2-l-lysylbradykinin (lbk) on chloride secretion in the mucosae of the mouse intestine. it was found to be a potent chloride secretagogue in the mucosa lining the colon, jejunum, and cecum, as it is in most mammals, with 2 nm being sufficient to cause half-maximal secretion. the extent of the responses was in the order cecum > colon > jejunum. in cystic fibrosis (cf) null mice, with no cf transmembrane conductance regulator ( ... | 1998 | 9530160 |
| a homologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae dpm1p is not sufficient for synthesis of dolichol-phosphate-mannose in mammalian cells. | dolichol-phosphate-mannose (dol-p-man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues in major eukaryotic glycoconjugates. it donates four mannosyl residues in the n-linked oligosaccharide precursor and all three mannosyl residues in the core of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. in yeasts it also donates one mannose to the o-linked oligosaccharide. the yeast dpm1 gene encodes a dol-p-man synthase that is a transmembrane protein expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. we cloned human and mouse hom ... | 1998 | 9535917 |
| functional copies of a human gene can be directly isolated by transformation-associated recombination cloning with a small 3' end target sequence. | unique, small sequences (sequence tag sites) have been identified at the 3' ends of most human genes that serve as landmarks in genome mapping. we investigated whether a single copy gene could be isolated directly from total human dna by transformation-associated recombination (tar) cloning in yeast using a short, 3' unique target. a tar cloning vector was constructed that, when linearized, contained a small amount (381 bp) of 3' hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) sequence at one end ... | 1998 | 9539761 |
| [molecular analysis of peroxisomal disorders]. | peroxisome biogenesis disorders (pbd) include zellweger syndrome (zs), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (nald) and infantile refsum disease (ird). they are classified into ten complementation groups. five pathogenic genes have been identified using different model systems of peroxisome deficient mutants. paf-1 and 2 were identified from cho mutants and were responsible genes for pbd group f and c. human pex 5, 12 and 1, responsible genes for group 2, 3 and 1, respectively, were cloned by homology s ... | 1998 | 9545777 |
| centromere protein b null mice are mitotically and meiotically normal but have lower body and testis weights. | cenp-b is a constitutive centromere dna-binding protein that is conserved in a number of mammalian species and in yeast. despite this conservation, earlier cytological and indirect experimental studies have provided conflicting evidence concerning the role of this protein in mitosis. the requirement of this protein in meiosis has also not previously been described. to resolve these uncertainties, we used targeted disruption of the cenpb gene in mouse to study the functional significance of this ... | 1998 | 9548711 |
| two high conductance channels of the mitochondrial inner membrane are independent of the human mitochondrial genome. | patch-clamp techniques were used to characterize the channel activity of mitochondrial inner membranes of two human osteosarcoma cell lines: a mitochondrial genome-deficient (rho0) line and its corresponding parental (rho+) line. previously, two high conductance channels, mitochondrial centum picosiemen (mcs) and multiple conductance channels (mcc), were detected in murine mitochondria. while mcc was assigned to the protein import in yeast mitochondria, the role of mcs is unknown. this study dem ... | 1998 | 9559661 |
| trichoderma reesei prs12 encodes a stress- and unfolded-protein-response-inducible regulatory subunit of the fungal 26s proteasome. | we have cloned a gene, prs12, from the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei which encodes a fungal homologue of the mouse and drosophila regulatory subunit 12 of the 26s proteasome (mov34). sequencing of both a genomic and a cdna-clone predicts a 342-aa protein with high overall identity (56-68 %) to the homologous counterparts from human, mammals, drosophila and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the predicted protein contains several consensus sequences for phosphorylation, three of which are conserve ... | 1998 | 9560436 |
| androgen receptor yac transgenic mice carrying cag 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability. | x-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (sbma) is caused by a cag repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (ar) gene. disease-associated alleles (37-66 cags) change in length when transmitted from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift size when inherited paternally. as transgenic mice carrying human ar cdnas with 45 and 66 cag repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating trans ... | 1998 | 9580659 |
| a critical role for cyclin c in promotion of the hematopoietic cell cycle by cooperation with c-myc. | cyclin c, a putative g1 cyclin, was originally isolated through its ability to complement a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking the g1 cyclin gene cln1-3. unlike cyclins d1 and e, the other two g1 cyclins obtained by the same approach and subsequently shown to play important roles during the g1/s transition, there is thus far no evidence to support the hypothesis that cyclin c is indeed critical for the promotion of cell cycle progression. in baf-b03 cells, an interleukin 3 (il-3)-dependent ... | 1998 | 9584184 |
| optimal activation of an endogenous gene by hox11 requires the nh2-terminal 50 amino acids. | the hox11 homeobox gene was first identified through studies of the t(7;10) and t(10;14) chromosomal translocations of acute t-cell leukemia. in addition, analysis of hox11-/- mice has demonstrated a critical role for this gene in murine spleen development. a possible mode of in vivo function for the hox11 protein in these two situations is regulation of target genes following dna binding via the homeodomain, but little is known about how hox11 regulates transcription in vivo. by performing tran ... | 1998 | 9584190 |
| interaction of mouse polycomb-group (pc-g) proteins enx1 and enx2 with eed: indication for separate pc-g complexes. | the polycomb group (pc-g) constitutes an important, functionally conserved group of proteins, required to stably maintain inactive homeobox genes repressed during development. drosophila extra sex combs (esc) and its mammalian homolog embryonic ectoderm development (eed) are special pc-g members, in that they are required early during development when pc-g repression is initiated, a process that is still poorly understood. to get insight in the molecular function of eed, we searched for eed-inte ... | 1998 | 9584197 |
| mechanism for benomyl action as a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor in mice. | benomyl (a non-thio fungicide) inhibits hepatic mitochondrial low-km aldehyde dehydrogenase (maldh or aldh2) in ip-treated mice by 50% (ic50) at 7.0 mg/kg, which is surprisingly the same potency range as that for several dithiocarbamate fungicides (and the related alcohol abuse drug disulfiram) and thiocarbamate herbicides previously known for their alcohol-sensitizing action. the mechanism by which benomyl inhibits maldh was therefore examined, first by comparing the metabolism of benomyl with ... | 1998 | 9585485 |
| identification of mouse ulk1, a novel protein kinase structurally related to c. elegans unc-51. | a novel protein kinase related to the c. elegans serine/threonine kinase unc-51 was cloned from mouse. the unc-51-like kinase (ulk)1 is encoded by a cdna of 1051 amino acids with calculated mw of 113 kda. comparison of the ulk1 and unc-51 shows the highest conservation in the amino-terminal kinase domain, which is followed by a proline/serine-rich (ps) domain and a conserved carboxyl-terminal (c) domain. ulk1 mrna is expressed in various tissues, and is mapped to mouse chromosome 5f and rat chro ... | 1998 | 9600096 |
| the lissencephaly gene product lis1, a protein involved in neuronal migration, interacts with a nuclear movement protein, nudc. | important clues to how the mammalian cerebral cortex develops are provided by the analysis of genetic diseases that cause cortical malformations [1-5]. people with miller-dieker syndrome (mds) or isolated lissencephaly sequence (ils) have a hemizygous deletion or mutation in the lis1 gene [3,6]; both conditions are characterized by a smooth cerebral surface, a thickened cortex with four abnormal layers, and misplaced neurons [7,8]. lis1 is highly expressed in the ventricular zone and the cortica ... | 1998 | 9601647 |
| ribonucleases from rat and bovine liver: purification, specificity and structural characterization. | the presence of four members of the pyrimidine-specific ribonuclease superfamily was demonstrated in rat liver. three of them (rl1, rl2 and rl3) were purified and showed ribonuclease activity at ph 7.5 with yeast rna as substrate. rl1 is identical to rat pancreatic ribonuclease (ribonuclease 1). n-terminal sequence analysis showed the presence of the native protein and several n-terminally degraded components. rl2 and rl3 were n-terminally blocked proteins. after acidic cleavage or cnbr digestio ... | 1998 | 9602056 |
| isolation and characterization of a new gene encoding a member of the hira family of proteins from drosophila melanogaster. | the hira family of genes (named after yeast hir genes; hir is an acronym for 'histone regulator') includes the yeast hir1 and hir2 repressors of histone gene transcription in s. cerevisiae, human tuple-1/hira, chicken hira, and mouse hira. here, we describe a new member of the hira family, dhh, for the drosophila homolog of hira . northern analysis with poly (a)+ mrna isolated from different developmental stages of drosophila melanogaster shows hybridization with a single dhh transcript of 4.1kb ... | 1998 | 9611274 |
| rustmicin, a potent antifungal agent, inhibits sphingolipid synthesis at inositol phosphoceramide synthase. | rustmicin is a 14-membered macrolide previously identified as an inhibitor of plant pathogenic fungi by a mechanism that was not defined. we discovered that rustmicin inhibits inositol phosphoceramide synthase, resulting in the accumulation of ceramide and the loss of all of the complex sphingolipids. rustmicin has potent fungicidal activity against clinically important human pathogens that is correlated with its sphingolipid inhibition. it is especially potent against cryptococcus neoformans, w ... | 1998 | 9614099 |
| physical and genetic maps of the deafwaddler region on distal mouse chr 6. | the deafwaddler (dfw) mutation, displaying motor ataxia and profound deafness, arose spontaneously in a c3h/hej colony and was mapped previously to distal mouse chr 6. in this study, a high-resolution genetic map was generated by positioning 10 microsatellite markers and 5 known genes on a 968-meioses intersubspecific backcross segregating for dfw [(cast/ei(-)+/+ x c3heb/ fej-dfw/dfw) x c3heb/fej-dfw/dfw], giving the following marker order and sex-averaged distances: d6mit64-(0.10 + 0.10 cm)-pan ... | 1998 | 9615221 |
| flow cytometric quantitation of yeast a novel technique for use in animal model work and in vitro immunologic assays. | animal models of fungal and other infectious diseases often require that the number of organisms in tissue be quantified, traditionally by grinding organs, plating them on agar and counting colony forming units (cfu). this method is labor intensive, slow as some fungi require two weeks of culture and limited in reliability by poor plating efficiency. to circumvent these problems, we developed a flow cytometric method to quantify yeast. in vitro cultured blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococcus neo ... | 1998 | 9617831 |
| nucleolar localization of the werner syndrome protein in human cells. | werner syndrome (ws) is a human genetic disorder with many features of premature aging. the gene defective in ws (wrn) has been cloned and encodes a protein homologous to several helicases, including escherichia coli recq, the human bloom syndrome protein (blm), and saccharomyces cerevisiae sgs1p. to better define the function of wrn protein we have determined its subcellular localization. indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal anti-human wrn shows a predominant nucleolar localization. stu ... | 1998 | 9618508 |
| telomere elongation by hnrnp a1 and a derivative that interacts with telomeric repeats and telomerase. | telomeric dna of mammalian chromosomes consists of several kilobase-pairs of tandemly repeated sequences with a terminal 3' overhang in single-stranded form. maintaining the integrity of these repeats is essential for cell survival; telomere attrition is associated with chromosome instability and cell senescence, whereas stabilization of telomere length correlates with the immortalization of somatic cells. telomere elongation is carried out by telomerase, an rna-dependent dna polymerase which ad ... | 1998 | 9620782 |
| high-avidity human igg kappa monoclonal antibodies from a novel strain of minilocus transgenic mice. | human immunoglobulin transgenic mice provide a method of obtaining human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) using conventional hybridoma technology. we describe a novel strain of human immunoglobulin transgenic mice and the use of this strain to generate multiple high-avidity human sequence igg kappa mabs directed against a human antigen. the light chain transgene is derived in part from a yeast artificial chromosome clone that includes nearly half of the germline human v kappa region. in addition, th ... | 1996 | 9631008 |
| purification, characterization, and cloning of a cytosolic aspartyl aminopeptidase. | an aminopeptidase with a preference for n-terminal aspartyl and glutamyl residues but distinct from glutamyl aminopeptidase (ec 3.4. 11.7) was purified to near homogeneity from rabbit brain cytosol. its properties were similar to an enzyme described previously (kelly, j. a., neidle, e. l., and neidle, a. (1983) j. neurochem. 40, 1727-1734). aspartyl aminopeptidase had barely detectable activity toward simple aminoacyl-naphthylamide substrates. its activity was determined with the substrate asp-a ... | 1998 | 9632644 |
| the capacity of polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2alphab (aml1/cbfa2) to stimulate polyomavirus dna replication is related to its affinity for the nuclear matrix. | the nuclear matrix is thought to play an important role in the dna replication of eukaryotic cells, although direct evidence for such a role is still lacking. a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor, polyomavirus (py) enhancer binding protein 2alphab1 (pebp2alphab1) (aml1/cbfa2), was found to stimulate py replication through its cognate binding site. the minimal replication activation domain (rad) was identified between amino acid (aa) 302 and aa 371 by using a fusion protein containing ... | 1998 | 9632801 |
| identification, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of hrev3 encoding a putative human dna polymerase zeta. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae rev3 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a non-essential dna polymerase zeta, which is required for mutagenesis. the rev3 mutants significantly reduce both spontaneous and dna damage-induced mutation rates. we have identified human cdna clones from two different libraries whose deduced amino acid sequences bear remarkable homology to the yeast rev3, and named this gene hrev3. the hrev3 gene was mapped to chromosome 1p32-33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. the ... | 1998 | 9635887 |
| mutations in the nucleotide-binding sites of p-glycoprotein that affect substrate specificity modulate substrate-induced adenosine triphosphatase activity. | the amino- and carboxy-terminal nucleotide-binding domains (nbd1 and nbd2) of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) share over 80% sequence identity. almost all of nbd1 can be exchanged by corresponding nbd2 segments with no significant loss of function, except for a small segment around the walker b motif. within this segment, we identified two sets of residues [erga --> dkgt (522-525) and t578c] that, when replaced by their nbd2 counterparts, cause dramatic alterations of the substrate specificity of the prot ... | 1998 | 9636053 |
| molecular analysis of camnt1p, a mannosyl transferase important for adhesion and virulence of candida albicans. | there is an immediate need for identification of new antifungal targets in opportunistic pathogenic fungi like candida albicans. in the past, efforts have focused on synthesis of chitin and glucan, which confer mechanical strength and rigidity upon the cell wall. this paper describes the molecular analysis of camnt1, a gene involved in synthesis of mannoproteins, the third major class of macromolecule found in the cell wall. camnt1 encodes an alpha-1, 2-mannosyl transferase, which adds the secon ... | 1998 | 9636208 |
| multiple gene duplication and expression of mouse bcl-2-related genes, a1. | here we report the genomic cloning and characterization of the murine a1 genes, which belong to the bcl-2 gene family. southern analysis indicated the existence of at least four a1 genes in the murine genome and four different a1 genes, designated a1-a, -b, -c and -d, were cloned from the murine genomic library. the a1-a, -b and -d genes consisted of two exons, whereas the a1-c gene contained 1 bp insertion in the coding region which may result in an aberrant and truncated protein by frame-shift ... | 1998 | 9645611 |
| reduced joining of dna double strand breaks with an abnormal mutation spectrum in rodent mutants of dna-pkcs and ku80. | to characterize further the contribution of the dna-pk-dependent dsb repair pathway in mammalian cells. | 1998 | 9652803 |
| sequence analysis and expression of a novel mouse homolog of escherichia coli reca gene. | escherichia coli reca and its yeast homologs rad51 and dmc1 play crucial roles in mitotic and/or meiotic recombination and in repair of double-strand dna breaks. we have identified a murine novel reca-like gene (mmtrad). the predicted 329 amino acid protein showed significant homology to mouse rec2, rad51, dmc1 (or lim15) and e. coli reca. northern blot analysis revealed that mmtrad was ubiquitously transcribed in various tissues. | 1998 | 9655934 |
| functional reverse transcriptases encoded by a-type mouse line-1: defining the minimal domain by deletion analysis. | long interspersed elements, or lines, are retrotransposons that move via an rna intermediate. in mice, one polymorphic variant of l1 has amplified relatively recently, giving rise to the a-type subfamily in species belonging to the genus and subgenus mus. retrotransposition of line-1 (l1) requires the function of the l1-encoded reverse transcriptase that is produced from open reading frame 2 (orf2). here, we employ a convenient yeast genetic assay to determine the reverse transcriptase activity ... | 1998 | 9666081 |
| association of hsp105 with hsc70 in high molecular mass complexes in mouse fm3a cells. | the 105-kda stress proteins hsp105alpha and hsp105beta belong to a high molecular mass heat shock protein family which has been found in organisms from yeast to mammals. here we demonstrated the interaction of hsp105 with hsp70 family proteins in mouse fm3a cells. the association of hsp105 with hsc70 was shown by immunoprecipitation using anti-hsp105 antibody. furthermore, when cell extracts or partially purified hsp105 fractions from nonstressed or heat-shocked cells were analyzed by size exclu ... | 1998 | 9675148 |
| isolation of a gene encoding a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily from the critical region of usher syndrome type iia at 1q41. | | 1998 | 9676434 |
| nopp140 functions as a molecular link between the nucleolus and the coiled bodies. | coiled bodies are small nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear rnas, and that have long been thought to be associated with the nucleolus. here we use mutational analysis, transient transfections, and the yeast two-hybrid system to show that the nucleolar phosphoprotein nopp140 functions as a molecular link between the two prominent nuclear organelles. exogenous nopp140 accumulated in the nucleolus rapidly, but only after a lag phase in coiled bodies, suggesting a pathway be ... | 1998 | 9679133 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of the arabidopsis thaliana dna ligase i homologue. | a cdna encoding the dna ligase i homologue has been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana using a degenerate pcr approach. the orf of this cdna encodes an amino acid sequence of 790 residues, representing a protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 87.8 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 8.20. alignment of the a. thaliana dna ligase protein sequence with the sequence of dna ligases from human (homo sapiens), murine (mus musculus), clawed toad (xenopus laevis) and the yeasts schizosaccharomyces ... | 1998 | 9681027 |
| characterization of kif1c, a new kinesin-like protein involved in vesicle transport from the golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. | kinesins comprise a large family of microtubule-based motor proteins, of which individual members mediate specific types of motile processes. using the ezrin domain of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase ptpd1 as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a new kinesin-like protein, kif1c. kif1c represents a member of the unc104 subfamily of kinesin-like proteins that are involved in the transport of mitochondria or synaptic vesicles in axons. like its homologues, the 1103-amino acid protei ... | 1998 | 9685376 |
| multiple functions of pmt1p-mediated protein o-mannosylation in the fungal pathogen candida albicans. | protein mannosylation by pmt proteins initiates o-glycosylation in fungi. we have identified the pmt1 gene and analyzed the function of pmt1p in the fungal human pathogen candida albicans. mutants defective in pmt1 alleles lacked pmt in vitro enzymatic activity, showed reduced growth rates, and tended to form cellular aggregates. in addition, multiple specific deficiencies not known in saccharomyces cerevisiae (including defective hyphal morphogenesis; supersensitivity to the antifungal agents h ... | 1998 | 9694829 |
| a retinoblastoma-binding protein that affects cell-cycle control and confers transforming ability. | the retinoblastoma (rb) gene is one of the most extensively studied tumour-suppressor genes. deletion or inactivation of both rb alleles is an essential, rate-limiting step in the formation of retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma that arise in families that carry mutant rb (ref. 2). rb inactivation is also found in other human tumours. whereas loss of rb function is associated with the loss of cellular proliferative control, introduction of a wild-type rb can suppress cell growth and tumorigenicity. ... | 1998 | 9697699 |
| cells deleted for brca2 cooh terminus exhibit hypersensitivity to gamma-radiation and premature senescence. | the putative brca2-mmrad51 interaction is analyzed in mouse cells deleted for the cooh terminus of brca2 (amino acids 3140-3328), which contains a region that associates with mmrad51 by yeast two-hybrid. these cells are hypersensitive to gamma-radiation (suggesting defective recombinational repair) but not uv light (suggesting intact nucleotide excision repair) and maintain the g1-s and g2-m checkpoints after exposure to gamma-irradiation. cells deleted for the cooh terminus of brca2 progress th ... | 1998 | 9699678 |
| analysis of repair and mutagenesis of chromium-induced dna damage in yeast, mammalian cells, and transgenic mice. | chromium (cr) is a widespread environmental contaminant and a known human carcinogen. we have used shuttle vector systems in yeast, mammalian cells, and transgenic mice to characterize the mutational specificity and premutational dna damage induced by cr(vi) and its reduction intermediates in order to elucidate the mechanism by which cr induces mutations. in the yeast system, treatment of vector-containing cells with cr(vi) results in a dose-dependent increase in mutations in the sup4-o target g ... | 1998 | 9703488 |
| anthrax lethal factor cleaves the n-terminus of mapkks and induces tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation of mapks in cultured macrophages. | lethal factor (lf) is the major virulence factor produced by bacillus anthracis. lf is sufficient to cause death in laboratory animals and cytolysis of peritoneal macrophages and macrophage cell lines. lf contains the characteristic zinc binding motif of metalloproteases and indirect evidence suggest that this hydrolytic activity is essential for its cytotoxicity. to identify the substrate(s) of lf, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system, employing a lf inactive mutant as bait. this approach h ... | 1998 | 9703991 |
| a 29-kilodalton golgi soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (vti1-rp2) implicated in protein trafficking in the secretory pathway. | expressed sequence tags coding for a potential snare (soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) were revealed during data base searches. the deduced amino acid sequence of the complete coding region predicts a 217-residue protein with a cooh-terminal hydrophobic membrane anchor. affinity-purified antibodies raised against the cytoplasmic region of this protein specifically detect a 29-kilodalton integral membrane protein enriched in the golgi membrane. indirect immun ... | 1998 | 9705316 |
| species identification and virulence attributes of saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). | saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.) has been used for the treatment of several types of diarrhea. recent studies have confirmed that s. boulardii is effective in the treatment of diarrhea, in particular chronic or recurrent diarrhea, and furthermore that it is a safe and well-tolerated treatment. the aim of the present study was to identify strains of s. boulardii to the species level and assess their virulence in established murine models. three strains of s. boulardii were obtained from comm ... | 1998 | 9705402 |
| the a gamma-globin 3' element provides no unique function(s) for human beta-globin locus gene regulation. | the human beta-globin locus is activated transcriptionally by a complex series of events that culminate in appropriate temporal and tissue-specific control over five separate genes during embryonic and early postnatal development. one cis-regulatory element in the locus, originally identified as an enhancer 3' to the agamma-globin gene, more recently has been suggested to harbor alternative or additional properties, including stage-specific silencer, insulator, nuclear matrix, or chromosome scaf ... | 1998 | 9707580 |
| the 5'-amp-activated protein kinase inhibits the transcriptional stimulation by glucose in liver cells, acting through the glucose response complex. | 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (aicar) is known to stimulate rat liver 5'-amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). ampk is the mammalian homologue of snf1p in yeast, involved in derepression of glucose-repressed genes. we used aicar to test if ampk could also play a role in the regulation of glucose-dependent genes in mammalian cells. at a concentration which induces phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of hmg-coa reductase, aicar blocked glucose activation of three glucose responsive gen ... | 1998 | 9708898 |
| yeast coactivator mbf1 mediates gcn4-dependent transcriptional activation. | transcriptional coactivators play a crucial role in gene expression by communicating between regulatory factors and the basal transcription machinery. the coactivator multiprotein bridging factor 1 (mbf1) was originally identified as a bridging molecule that connects the drosophila nuclear receptor ftz-f1 and tata-binding protein (tbp). the mbf1 sequence is highly conserved across species from saccharomyces cerevisiae to human. here we provide evidence acquired in vitro and in vivo that yeast mb ... | 1998 | 9710580 |
| identification of a novel ring finger protein as a coregulator in steroid receptor-mediated gene transcription. | using the dna-binding domain of androgen receptor (ar) as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening, we have identified a small nuclear ring finger protein, termed snurf, that interacts with ar in a hormone-dependent fashion in both yeast and mammalian cells. physical interaction between ar and snurf was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation from cell extracts and by protein-protein affinity chromatography. rat snurf is a highly hydrophilic protein consisting of 194 amino acid residues and comprisi ... | 1998 | 9710597 |
| interaction of p59fyn kinase with the dynein light chain, tctex-1, and colocalization during cytokinesis. | the protein tyrosine kinase p59fyn (fyn) plays important roles in both lymphocyte ag receptor signaling and cytokinesis of prob cells. we utilized yeast two-hybrid cloning to identify the product of the tctex-1 gene as a protein that specifically interacts with fyn, but not with other src family kinases. tctex-1 was recently identified as a component of the dynein cytoskeletal motor complex. the capacity of a tctex-1-glutathione s-transferase fusion protein to effectively bind fyn from cell lysa ... | 1998 | 9712037 |
| dpm2 regulates biosynthesis of dolichol phosphate-mannose in mammalian cells: correct subcellular localization and stabilization of dpm1, and binding of dolichol phosphate. | biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol and n-glycan precursor is dependent upon a mannosyl donor, dolichol phosphate-mannose (dpm). the thy-1negative class e mutant of mouse lymphoma and lec15 mutant chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells are incapable of dpm synthesis. the class e mutant is defective in the dpm1 gene which encodes a mammalian homologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae dpm1p that is a dpm synthase, whereas lec15 is a different mutant, indicating that mammalian dpm1 is not sufficient ... | 1998 | 9724629 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of murine sphingosine kinase. | sphingosine-1-phosphate (spp) is a novel lipid messenger that has dual function. intracellularly it regulates proliferation and survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for the g protein-coupled receptor edg-1. based on peptide sequences obtained from purified rat kidney sphingosine kinase, the enzyme that regulates spp levels, we report here the cloning, identification, and characterization of the first mammalian sphingosine kinases (murine sphk1a and sphk1b). sequence analysis indicates t ... | 1998 | 9726979 |
| hira, a mammalian homologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional co-repressors, interacts with pax3. | hira maps to the digeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region (dgcr) at 22q11 (refs 1,2) and encodes a wd40 repeat protein similar to yeast hir1p and hir2p. these transcriptional co-repressors regulate cell cycle-dependent histone gene transcription, possibly by remodelling local chromatin structure. we report an interaction between hira and the transcription factor pax3. pax3 haploinsufficiency results in the mouse splotch and human waardenburg syndrome (wsi and wsiii) phenotypes. mice ho ... | 1998 | 9731536 |
| differential membrane localization and intermolecular associations of alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms in skeletal muscle. | alpha-dystrobrevin is both a dystrophin homologue and a component of the dystrophin protein complex. alternative splicing yields five forms, of which two predominate in skeletal muscle: full-length alpha-dystrobrevin-1 (84 kd), and cooh-terminal truncated alpha-dystrobrevin-2 (65 kd). using isoform-specific antibodies, we find that alpha-dystrobrevin-2 is localized on the sarcolemma and at the neuromuscular synapse, where, like dystrophin, it is most concentrated in the depths of the postjunctio ... | 1998 | 9732287 |
| the enhancer of polycomb gene of drosophila encodes a chromatin protein conserved in yeast and mammals. | the polycomb group of genes in drosophila are homeotic switch gene regulators that maintain homeotic gene repression through a possible chromatin regulatory mechanism. the enhancer of polycomb (e(pc)) gene of drosophila is an unusual member of the polycomb group. most pcg genes have homeotic phenotypes and are required for repression of homeotic loci, but mutations in e(pc) exhibit no homeotic transformations and have only a very weak effect on expression of abd-b. however, mutations in e(pc) ar ... | 1998 | 9735366 |
| characterization of the myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase gene family from yeast to human. | x-linked myotubular myopathy (xlmtm) is a severe congenital muscle disorder due to mutations in the mtm1 gene. the corresponding protein, myotubularin, contains the consensus active site of tyrosine phosphatases (ptp) but otherwise shows no homology to other phosphatases. myotubularin is able to hydrolyze a synthetic analogue of tyrosine phosphate, in a reaction inhibited by orthovanadate, and was recently shown to act on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. this gene is conserved down to yea ... | 1998 | 9736772 |
| bre: a modulator of tnf-alpha action. | a stress-responsive gene highly expressed in brain and reproductive organs (bre) is down-regulated after uv irradiation, dna damaging agents, or retinoic acid treatment. the human bre gene encodes a mrna of 1.9 kb, which gives rise to a protein of 383 amino acids with a molecular size of 44 kilodaltons. bre is not homologous to any known gene and its function has not been defined. here we report that bre was identified multiple times in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a murine cerebellar cdna libra ... | 1998 | 9737713 |
| thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction of a single-chain antibody fragment (scfv) with the leucine zipper domain of transcription factor gcn4. | single-chain fv (scfv) fragments of antibodies have become important analytical and therapeutic tools in biology and medicine. the reaction of scfv fragments has not been well-characterized with respect to the energetics and kinetics of antigen binding. this paper describes the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the high-affinity scfv fragment sw1 directed against the dimeric leucine zipper domain of the yeast transcription factor gcn4. the scfv fragment was selected by the phage display tech ... | 1998 | 9737882 |
| a novel nuclear receptor heterodimerization pathway mediated by orphan receptors tr2 and tr4. | a unique heterodimerization pathway involving orphan receptors tr2 and tr4 is demonstrated. tr2 and tr4 preferentially form heterodimers in solution as well as on dna elements containing a direct repeat-5 (dr5). the in vitro interaction between tr2 and tr4 is demonstrated by the yeast and the mammalian two-hybrid interaction assays, the pull-down assay, and the gel mobility shift assay. the in vivo interaction is demonstrated by following the intracellular localization of fusion receptors tagged ... | 1998 | 9737983 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of mouse nifs-like protein, m-nfs1: mitochondrial localization of eukaryotic nifs-like proteins. | we have isolated a mouse cdna which shows significant sequence similarity to the yeast nifs-like gene (y-nfs1), and termed it m-nfs1. the deduced protein sequence (459 amino acids long) has several characteristic features common to those of bacterial nifs proteins, but distinct from them by its amino-terminal extension which contains a typical mitochondrial targeting presequence. m-nfs1 was found to be a soluble 47-kda protein in the matrix fraction of mouse liver mitochondria. the m-nfs1 gene w ... | 1998 | 9738949 |
| a new large proteolytic complex distinct from the proteasome is present in the cytosol of fission yeast. | one eukaryotic proteolytic complex--the proteasome--is classed as the major nonlysosomal protease, by its known and suspected functions, its size and its complexity. it seems improbable that other enzymes may be capable of substituting, even partially, for the potent proteasome, as this complex has a vital role in many cellular processes. nevertheless, it is possible to adapt cultured el-4 mouse lymphoma cells to survive in the presence of a specific inhibitor of the proteasome. the inhibition o ... | 1998 | 9740805 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase-defective candida albicans is avirulent in a novel model of localized murine candidiasis. | candida albicans strains with a deletion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cek1 gene are defective in the yeast to hyphal transition on solid surfaces in vitro. the virulence of a cek1 delta/cek1 delta null mutant strain was compared with its wild-type parent strain (wt) in a novel model of localized candidiasis. the mammary glands of lactating mice (at day 5 postpartum) were infected for 2, 4 and 6 days with 50 microliter suspension containing 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(7) blastopore ... | 1998 | 9741091 |
| identification of a novel cortactin sh3 domain-binding protein and its localization to growth cones of cultured neurons. | cortactin is an actin-binding protein that contains several potential signaling motifs including a src homology 3 (sh3) domain at the distal c terminus. translocation of cortactin to specific cortical actin structures and hyperphosphorylation of cortactin on tyrosine have been associated with the cortical cytoskeleton reorganization induced by a variety of cellular stimuli. the function of cortactin in these processes is largely unknown in part due to the lack of information about cellular bindi ... | 1998 | 9742101 |
| using yeast to study glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation. | the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) is a phosphoprotein and a member of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors. when the glucocorticoid receptor is expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), it is competent for signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. we have studied the glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in yeast and demonstrated that the receptor is phosphorylated in both the absence and presence of hormone, on serine and threonine r ... | 1998 | 9749836 |
| identification and mutation analysis of a cochlear-expressed, zinc finger protein gene at the dfnb7/11 and dn hearing-loss loci on human chromosome 9q and mouse chromosome 19. | the dfnb7/11 locus for autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (arnshl) has been mapped to an approx. 1.5 mb interval on human chromosome 9q13-q21. we have determined the cdna sequence and genomic structure of a novel cochlear-expressed gene, znf216, that maps to the dfnb7/11 interval. the mouse orthologue of this gene maps to the murine dn (deafness) locus on mouse chromosome 19. the znf216 gene is highly conserved between human and mouse, and contains two regions that show homology to t ... | 1998 | 9758550 |
| the cytoplasmic zinc finger protein zpr1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells. | the zinc finger protein zpr1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after treatment of cells with mitogens. the function of nuclear zpr1 has not been defined. here we demonstrate that zpr1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells. the role of zpr1 was examined using a gene disruption strategy. cells lacking zpr1 are not viable. biochemical analysis demonstrated that the loss of zpr1 caused disruption of nucleolar function, including preribosomal rna expression. these data esta ... | 1998 | 9763455 |
| infrequent mutations of the hogg1 gene, that is involved in the excision of 8-hydroxyguanine in damaged dna, in human gastric cancer. | dna glycosylase, encoded by the hogg1 gene, repairs 8-hydroxyguanine (oh8gua), which is an oxidatively damaged mutagenic base. to clarify whether the dna repair activity of hogg1 protein is involved in gastric carcinogenesis, we examined 9 gastric cancer cell lines and 35 primary gastric cancers for mutations and genetic polymorphisms of the hogg1 gene by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. a g-to-a transition was detected in a gastric cancer cell line, mk ... | 1998 | 9765618 |
| molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of mrad9, a murine orthologue of the schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ checkpoint control gene. | we have isolated a murine cdna, mrad9, that is orthologous to the fission yeast rad9+ and human hrad9 genes. mrad9 encodes a 389 amino acid long, 42,032 dalton protein that is 27% identical and 56% similar to rad9p, and 82% identical and 88% similar to hrad9, at the amino acid level. expression of the mrad9 cdna in schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9::ura4+ cells restores nearly wild-type levels of hydroxyurea resistance and early s phase checkpoint control to mutant fission yeast cell populations. h ... | 1998 | 9766521 |
| novel mutants of nab corepressors enhance activation by egr transactivators. | the ngfi-a binding corepressors nab1 and nab2 interact with a conserved domain (r1 domain) within the egr1/ngfi-a and egr2/krox20 transactivators, and repress the transcription of egr target promoters. using a novel adaptation of the yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified several point mutations in nab corepressors that interfere with their ability to bind to the egr1 r1 domain. surprisingly, nab proteins bearing some of these mutations increased egr1 activity dramatically. the mechanism un ... | 1998 | 9774344 |
| nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages of histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice is associated with splenocyte apoptosis and unresponsiveness. | splenic macrophages from histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice express inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), and the inos expression correlates with severity of the infection. we examined whether production of no is responsible for apoptosis and the anti-lymphoproliferative response of splenocytes from mice infected with h. capsulatum. in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling revealed apoptotic nuclei in cryosections of spleen from infected but not normal mice. splenocyte ... | 1998 | 9784566 |