Publications

hira, a mammalian homologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional co-repressors, interacts with pax3.	hira maps to the digeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region (dgcr) at 22q11 (refs 1,2) and encodes a wd40 repeat protein similar to yeast hir1p and hir2p. these transcriptional co-repressors regulate cell cycle-dependent histone gene transcription, possibly by remodelling local chromatin structure. we report an interaction between hira and the transcription factor pax3. pax3 haploinsufficiency results in the mouse splotch and human waardenburg syndrome (wsi and wsiii) phenotypes. mice ho ...	1998	9731536
differential membrane localization and intermolecular associations of alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms in skeletal muscle.	alpha-dystrobrevin is both a dystrophin homologue and a component of the dystrophin protein complex. alternative splicing yields five forms, of which two predominate in skeletal muscle: full-length alpha-dystrobrevin-1 (84 kd), and cooh-terminal truncated alpha-dystrobrevin-2 (65 kd). using isoform-specific antibodies, we find that alpha-dystrobrevin-2 is localized on the sarcolemma and at the neuromuscular synapse, where, like dystrophin, it is most concentrated in the depths of the postjunctio ...	1998	9732287
the enhancer of polycomb gene of drosophila encodes a chromatin protein conserved in yeast and mammals.	the polycomb group of genes in drosophila are homeotic switch gene regulators that maintain homeotic gene repression through a possible chromatin regulatory mechanism. the enhancer of polycomb (e(pc)) gene of drosophila is an unusual member of the polycomb group. most pcg genes have homeotic phenotypes and are required for repression of homeotic loci, but mutations in e(pc) exhibit no homeotic transformations and have only a very weak effect on expression of abd-b. however, mutations in e(pc) ar ...	1998	9735366
characterization of the myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase gene family from yeast to human.	x-linked myotubular myopathy (xlmtm) is a severe congenital muscle disorder due to mutations in the mtm1 gene. the corresponding protein, myotubularin, contains the consensus active site of tyrosine phosphatases (ptp) but otherwise shows no homology to other phosphatases. myotubularin is able to hydrolyze a synthetic analogue of tyrosine phosphate, in a reaction inhibited by orthovanadate, and was recently shown to act on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. this gene is conserved down to yea ...	1998	9736772
when overexpressed, a novel centrosomal protein, ranbpm, causes ectopic microtubule nucleation similar to gamma-tubulin.	a novel human protein with a molecular mass of 55 kd, designated ranbpm, was isolated with the two-hybrid method using ran as a bait. mouse and hamster ranbpm possessed a polypeptide identical to the human one. furthermore, saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to have a gene, ygl227w, the cooh-terminal half of which is 30% identical to ranbpm. anti-ranbpm antibodies revealed that ranbpm was localized within the centrosome throughout the cell cycle. overexpression of ranbpm produced multiple spots ...	1998	9817760
bre: a modulator of tnf-alpha action.	a stress-responsive gene highly expressed in brain and reproductive organs (bre) is down-regulated after uv irradiation, dna damaging agents, or retinoic acid treatment. the human bre gene encodes a mrna of 1.9 kb, which gives rise to a protein of 383 amino acids with a molecular size of 44 kilodaltons. bre is not homologous to any known gene and its function has not been defined. here we report that bre was identified multiple times in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a murine cerebellar cdna libra ...	1998	9737713
functional reverse transcriptases encoded by a-type mouse line-1: defining the minimal domain by deletion analysis.	long interspersed elements, or lines, are retrotransposons that move via an rna intermediate. in mice, one polymorphic variant of l1 has amplified relatively recently, giving rise to the a-type subfamily in species belonging to the genus and subgenus mus. retrotransposition of line-1 (l1) requires the function of the l1-encoded reverse transcriptase that is produced from open reading frame 2 (orf2). here, we employ a convenient yeast genetic assay to determine the reverse transcriptase activity ...	1998	9666081
yeast coactivator mbf1 mediates gcn4-dependent transcriptional activation.	transcriptional coactivators play a crucial role in gene expression by communicating between regulatory factors and the basal transcription machinery. the coactivator multiprotein bridging factor 1 (mbf1) was originally identified as a bridging molecule that connects the drosophila nuclear receptor ftz-f1 and tata-binding protein (tbp). the mbf1 sequence is highly conserved across species from saccharomyces cerevisiae to human. here we provide evidence acquired in vitro and in vivo that yeast mb ...	1998	9710580
a novel nuclear receptor heterodimerization pathway mediated by orphan receptors tr2 and tr4.	a unique heterodimerization pathway involving orphan receptors tr2 and tr4 is demonstrated. tr2 and tr4 preferentially form heterodimers in solution as well as on dna elements containing a direct repeat-5 (dr5). the in vitro interaction between tr2 and tr4 is demonstrated by the yeast and the mammalian two-hybrid interaction assays, the pull-down assay, and the gel mobility shift assay. the in vivo interaction is demonstrated by following the intracellular localization of fusion receptors tagged ...	1998	9737983
cdna cloning and characterization of mouse nifs-like protein, m-nfs1: mitochondrial localization of eukaryotic nifs-like proteins.	we have isolated a mouse cdna which shows significant sequence similarity to the yeast nifs-like gene (y-nfs1), and termed it m-nfs1. the deduced protein sequence (459 amino acids long) has several characteristic features common to those of bacterial nifs proteins, but distinct from them by its amino-terminal extension which contains a typical mitochondrial targeting presequence. m-nfs1 was found to be a soluble 47-kda protein in the matrix fraction of mouse liver mitochondria. the m-nfs1 gene w ...	1998	9738949
a new large proteolytic complex distinct from the proteasome is present in the cytosol of fission yeast.	one eukaryotic proteolytic complex--the proteasome--is classed as the major nonlysosomal protease, by its known and suspected functions, its size and its complexity. it seems improbable that other enzymes may be capable of substituting, even partially, for the potent proteasome, as this complex has a vital role in many cellular processes. nevertheless, it is possible to adapt cultured el-4 mouse lymphoma cells to survive in the presence of a specific inhibitor of the proteasome. the inhibition o ...	1998	9740805
mitogen-activated protein kinase-defective candida albicans is avirulent in a novel model of localized murine candidiasis.	candida albicans strains with a deletion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cek1 gene are defective in the yeast to hyphal transition on solid surfaces in vitro. the virulence of a cek1 delta/cek1 delta null mutant strain was compared with its wild-type parent strain (wt) in a novel model of localized candidiasis. the mammary glands of lactating mice (at day 5 postpartum) were infected for 2, 4 and 6 days with 50 microliter suspension containing 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(7) blastopore ...	1998	9741091
identification of a novel cortactin sh3 domain-binding protein and its localization to growth cones of cultured neurons.	cortactin is an actin-binding protein that contains several potential signaling motifs including a src homology 3 (sh3) domain at the distal c terminus. translocation of cortactin to specific cortical actin structures and hyperphosphorylation of cortactin on tyrosine have been associated with the cortical cytoskeleton reorganization induced by a variety of cellular stimuli. the function of cortactin in these processes is largely unknown in part due to the lack of information about cellular bindi ...	1998	9742101
using yeast to study glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation.	the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) is a phosphoprotein and a member of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors. when the glucocorticoid receptor is expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), it is competent for signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. we have studied the glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in yeast and demonstrated that the receptor is phosphorylated in both the absence and presence of hormone, on serine and threonine r ...	1998	9749836
identification and mutation analysis of a cochlear-expressed, zinc finger protein gene at the dfnb7/11 and dn hearing-loss loci on human chromosome 9q and mouse chromosome 19.	the dfnb7/11 locus for autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (arnshl) has been mapped to an approx. 1.5 mb interval on human chromosome 9q13-q21. we have determined the cdna sequence and genomic structure of a novel cochlear-expressed gene, znf216, that maps to the dfnb7/11 interval. the mouse orthologue of this gene maps to the murine dn (deafness) locus on mouse chromosome 19. the znf216 gene is highly conserved between human and mouse, and contains two regions that show homology to t ...	1998	9758550
molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of mrad9, a murine orthologue of the schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ checkpoint control gene.	we have isolated a murine cdna, mrad9, that is orthologous to the fission yeast rad9+ and human hrad9 genes. mrad9 encodes a 389 amino acid long, 42,032 dalton protein that is 27% identical and 56% similar to rad9p, and 82% identical and 88% similar to hrad9, at the amino acid level. expression of the mrad9 cdna in schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9::ura4+ cells restores nearly wild-type levels of hydroxyurea resistance and early s phase checkpoint control to mutant fission yeast cell populations. h ...	1998	9766521
novel mutants of nab corepressors enhance activation by egr transactivators.	the ngfi-a binding corepressors nab1 and nab2 interact with a conserved domain (r1 domain) within the egr1/ngfi-a and egr2/krox20 transactivators, and repress the transcription of egr target promoters. using a novel adaptation of the yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified several point mutations in nab corepressors that interfere with their ability to bind to the egr1 r1 domain. surprisingly, nab proteins bearing some of these mutations increased egr1 activity dramatically. the mechanism un ...	1998	9774344
nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages of histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice is associated with splenocyte apoptosis and unresponsiveness.	splenic macrophages from histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice express inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), and the inos expression correlates with severity of the infection. we examined whether production of no is responsible for apoptosis and the anti-lymphoproliferative response of splenocytes from mice infected with h. capsulatum. in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling revealed apoptotic nuclei in cryosections of spleen from infected but not normal mice. splenocyte ...	1998	9784566
identification of a novel highly conserved gene in the centromeric part of the major histocompatibility complex.	a novel highly conserved gene designated sacm2l alias are1) has been identified and fine mapped in the centromeric part of the major histocompatibility complex in rat, human, and mouse. sacm2l is closely linked to the ribosomal protein s18 gene rps18 with a distance of about 450 bp between the respective translational start points. numerous sacm2l-homologous est sequences can be identified in the database. northern blot experiments of rat sacm2l revealed a transcript of 3 kb in each organ tested ...	1998	9790748
cortactin associates with the cell-cell junction protein zo-1 in both drosophila and mouse.	cortactin is an actin filament-binding protein localizing at cortical regions of cells and a prominent substrate for src family protein-tyrosine kinases in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. human cortactin has been identified as a protein product of a putative oncogene, ems1. in this report, we describe the identification of a drosophila homolog of cortactin as a molecule that interacts with drosophila zo-1 using yeast two-hybrid screening. drosophila cortactin is a 559-amino acid prot ...	1998	9792678
adenovirus-mediated expression of a dominant negative mutant of p65/rela inhibits proinflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells without sensitizing to apoptosis.	we hypothesized that blocking the induction of proinflammatory genes associated with endothelial cell (ec) activation, by inhibiting the transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab), would prolong survival of vascularized xenografts. our previous studies have shown that inhibition of nf-kappab by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of i kappab alpha suppresses the induction of proinflammatory genes in ec. however, i kappab alpha sensitizes ec to tnf-alpha-mediated apoptosis, presumably ...	1998	9794384
rescue of the embryonic lethal hematopoietic defect reveals a critical role for gata-2 in urogenital development.	mutations resulting in embryonic or early postnatal lethality could mask the activities of any gene in unrelated and temporally distinct developmental pathways. targeted inactivation of the transcription factor gata-2 gene leads to mid-gestational death as a consequence of hematopoietic failure. we show here that a 250 kbp gata-2 yeast artificial chromosome (yac) is expressed strongly in both the primitive and definitive hematopoietic compartments, while two smaller yacs are not. this largest ya ...	1998	9822612
homology between human chromosome 2p13.3 and the wobbler critical region on mouse chromosome 11: comparative high-resolution mapping of sts and est loci on yac/bac contigs.	human chr 2p13-14 and homologous regions on mouse chrs 6 and 11 have been subjects of previous studies because they comprise the loci for several neuromuscular diseases. here we report on high-resolution mapping of 55 sts and est loci on human chr 2p13.3 and of 47 markers on the corresponding region on proximal mouse chr. 11. the maps comprise several known genes, meis1/meis1, rab1a/rab1a, mdh1/mor2, otx1/otx1, and rel on human 2p13.3 and mouse chr 11, respectively, as well as the wobbler (wr) c ...	1998	9799840
cloning and characterization of human sep1 (hsep1) gene and cytoplasmic localization of its product.	we isolated and sequenced a human cdna (designated as hsep1) encoding both a homologue of mouse dhm2 and budding yeast sep1. the gene was shown to be located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q25-26.1). the putative hsep1 product (hsep1p) consisted of 1694 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of about 190 kda. northern blot analysis showed a major 10-kb mrna expressed ubiquitously in various organs as well as a minor 5.5-kb mrna expressed relatively highly in the testis and placenta. hsep1p ...	1998	9802570
expression and regulation of mrna for putative fatty acid transport related proteins and fatty acyl coa synthase in murine epidermis and cultured human keratinocytes.	the epidermis has a requirement for fatty acids in order to synthesize cellular membranes and the extracellular lipid lamellar membranes in the stratum corneum. despite high endogenous production of fatty acids the transport of exogenous essential fatty acids into the epidermis is an absolute requirement. fatty acid uptake by keratinocytes has been shown to be mediated by a transport system. in this study we determined in murine epidermis and human cultured keratinocytes the expression of three ...	1998	9804328
recently identified molecular aspects of intestinal iron absorption.	gene mapping techniques to identify gene mutations in humans and animals with phenotypic abnormalities in iron metabolism are providing important insights into the probable molecular mediators of intestinal iron absorption. positional gene cloning in humans with hereditary hemochromatosis has identified a mutation in a novel major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene called hfe that is likely to be involved in regulating intestinal iron absorption. in addition, recent observations based on posi ...	1998	9808632
protein kinase profile of sperm and eggs: cloning and characterization of two novel testis-specific protein kinases (aie1, aie2) related to yeast and fly chromosome segregation regulators.	we have analyzed the general protein kinase expression profile in mouse sperm and eggs. a total of 41 different kinases were identified. in this study, we describe two novel protein kinases, designated aie1 (mouse) and aie2 (human), which share high amino acid identities with the serine/threonine (s/t) kinase domain of yeast ip11, fly aurora, and frog eg2. mutations in ip11 and aurora have been reported to cause abnormal chromosome segregation and centrosome separation. both aie1 and aie2 contai ...	1998	9809744
repression by the mad(mxi1)-sin3 complex.	the functions of myc in transformation and transactivation are countered by the suppressive actions of the mad(mxi1) family. mad(mxi1) proteins not only compete with myc for dimerization to max and binding to myc/max consensus sites but also recruit powerful repressors of gene expression. a prediction of the yin-yang relationship between myc and mad(mxi1) families would be that the latter constitutes a new class of tumor suppressors. here, we review the current literature on the mad(mxi1) family ...	1998	9819568
human carbon catabolite repressor protein (ccr4)-associative factor 1: cloning, expression and characterization of its interaction with the b-cell translocation protein btg1.	the human btg1 protein is thought to be a potential tumour suppressor because its overexpression inhibits nih 3t3 cell proliferation. however, little is known about how btg1 exerts its anti-proliferative activity. in this study, we used the yeast 'two-hybrid' system to screen for interacting protein partners and identified human carbon catabolite repressor protein (ccr4)-associative factor 1 (hcaf-1), a homologue of mouse caf-1 (mcaf-1) and saccharomyces cerevisiae ycaf-1/pop2. in vitro the hcaf ...	1998	9820826
recognition specificity of individual eh domains of mammals and yeast.	the eps homology (eh) domain is a recently described protein binding module that is found, in multiple or single copies, in several proteins in species as diverse as human and yeast. in this work, we have investigated the molecular details of recognition specificity mediated by this domain family by characterizing the peptide-binding preference of 11 different eh domains from mammal and yeast proteins. ten of the eleven eh domains could bind at least some peptides containing an asn-pro-phe (npf) ...	1998	9822599
infrequent mutations of the hogg1 gene, that is involved in the excision of 8-hydroxyguanine in damaged dna, in human gastric cancer.	dna glycosylase, encoded by the hogg1 gene, repairs 8-hydroxyguanine (oh8gua), which is an oxidatively damaged mutagenic base. to clarify whether the dna repair activity of hogg1 protein is involved in gastric carcinogenesis, we examined 9 gastric cancer cell lines and 35 primary gastric cancers for mutations and genetic polymorphisms of the hogg1 gene by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. a g-to-a transition was detected in a gastric cancer cell line, mk ...	1998	9765618
yac rescue of downless locus mutations in mice.	mice with mutations at the downless (dl) locus have defects in hair follicle, tooth, sweat gland, preputial gland, meibomian gland, and tail development. the dl phenotype is analogous to the human genetic disorder termed autosomal hypohidrotic (or anhidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia (hed). on the basis of the identification of two related transgenic insertional mutations in the downless gene, yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) were identified that map to the critical region of mouse chromosome (ch ...	1998	9799834
high-resolution genetic, physical, and transcript map of the mnd2 region of mouse chromosome 6.	the autosomal recessive mutation mnd2 is responsible for a lethal neuromuscular wasting disorder in the mouse. a high-resolution genetic map of the mnd2 region of mouse chromosome 6 was generated by analysis of 1147 f2 offspring from an intersubspecific cross between strains c57bl/6j-mnd2/+ and cast/ei. the results localize mnd2 to the 0.2-cm interval between d6mit164 and d6mit128. a contig of overlapping yac, bac, and p1 clones spanning the nonrecombinant interval was constructed. one novel gen ...	1998	9806835
a functional homolog of a yeast trna splicing enzyme is conserved in higher eukaryotes and in escherichia coli.	trna splicing in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae requires an endonuclease to excise the intron, trna ligase to join the trna half-molecules, and 2'-phosphotransferase to transfer the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated trna to nad, producing adp ribose 1"-2" cyclic phosphate (appr>p). we show here that functional 2'-phosphotransferases are found throughout eukaryotes, occurring in two widely divergent yeasts (candida albicans and schizosaccharomyces pombe), a plant (arabidopsis thaliana ...	1998	9826666
yac transgenic analysis reveals wilms' tumour 1 gene activity in the proliferating coelomic epithelium, developing diaphragm and limb.	wilms' tumour 1 gene (wt1) is required for the correct development of the urogenital system. to examine its regulation and expression, we created several transgenic mouse lines containing a beta-galactosidase reporter driven by the human wt1 promoter. a 5 kb promoter weakly recapitulated a subset of the endogenous wt1 expression pattern. in contrast, 470 and 280 kb yac transgenes reproduced the correct pattern with high activity and highlighted new expression sites. wt1 is expressed in the septu ...	1998	10349631
interaction of bp180 (type xvii collagen) and alpha6 integrin is necessary for stabilization of hemidesmosome structure.	the hemidesmosome is a multimolecular complex that integrates the extracellular matrix with the keratin cytoskeleton and that stabilizes epithelial attachment to connective tissue. a 180 kda protein (bp180, type xvii collagen), first identified by its reactivity with autoantibodies in the serum of patients with a blistering skin disease called bullous pemphigoid (bp), is a transmembrane component of the hemidesmosome with a collagen-like extracellular domain. here, using recombinantly expressed ...	1998	9856810
identification of strap, a novel wd domain protein in transforming growth factor-beta signaling.	transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1) is the prototype of a large family of proteins that regulate a variety of biological processes. the pleiotropic responses to tgf-beta are mediated via ligand-induced heteromeric complex formation by type i (tbetar-i) and type ii (tbetar-ii) serine-threonine kinase receptors. several studies have shown that tbetar-ii acts as a primary receptor, binding tgf-beta and phosphorylating tbetar-i, whose kinase activity then propagates the signals. therefore, ...	1998	9856985
high-level expression of human interleukin-17 in the yeast pichia pastoris.	human interleukin-17 (hil-17) gene without the signal sequence was isolated from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes by rt-pcr, then highly expressed in the yeast pichia pastoris in the form of the glycosylated monomer. the monomer of rhil-17 stimulated mouse fibroblast 3t3 cells to secrete il-6 and was specifically bound to its receptors on 3t3 cells.	1998	9891843
characterization of mouse ubiquitin-like smt3a and smt3b cdnas and gene/pseudogenes.	mouse smt3a and smt3b cdnas encoding ubiquitin-like proteins of 110 and 95 amino acids, respectively, were isolated and sequenced. the sequence of the first 92 amino acids (ending with the conserved gly-gly) of mouse smt3a exhibited two differences at amino acid no. 38 and 76 in comparison with that of human smt3a. the c-terminal 18 amino acid sequence of mouse smt3a was completely different from the c-terminal 11 amino acid sequence of human smt3a. mouse and human smt3b were identical for a seq ...	1998	9891849
loss of heterozygosity at the dilute-short ear (myo5a-bmp5) region of the mouse: mitotic recombination or double non-disjunction?	the occurrence of homozygous-viable dilute-short ear (myo5a-bmp5) double mutants in mouse specific locus mutation experiments has generally been assumed to be the result of double non-disjunction such that the mutant inherits two copies of chromosome 9 carrying the recessive alleles from the test-stock. a homozygous viable myo5a-bmp5 double mutant was recovered recently in our laboratory. we were able to genetically analyse both the myo5a-bmp5 region and proximal and distal markers in the origin ...	1998	10036975
the mouse genome contains two expressed intronless retroposed pseudogenes for the sentrin/sumo-1/pic1 conjugating enzyme ubc9.	the ubiquitin conjugating (ubc) e2 enzyme ubc-9 conjugates the ubiquitin-like peptide sentrin/sumo-1/pic1 to target proteins which include the fas antigen. we show that the mouse genome contains four copies of the ubc-9 gene. these include a structural ubc-9 gene consisting of seven exons which encode a protein identical to human ubc-9, and three intronless processed pseudogenes. the open reading frames (orf) of two of the pseudogenes, ubc9-psi1 and ubc9-psi2, correspond to the cdna of ubc-9 and ...	1998	10068040
genetic and physical mapping of the lps locus: identification of the toll-4 receptor as a candidate gene in the critical region.	on the basis of 2093 meioses analyzed in two separate intraspecific backcrosses, the location of the mouse lpsd mutation was circumscribed to a genetic interval 0.9 cm in size. a total of 19 genetic markers that lie in close proximity to the mutation were examined in mapping. most of these were previously unpublished polymorphic microsatellites, identified by fragmentation of yac and bac clones spanning the region of interest. lpsd was found to be inseparable from the microsatellite marker d4mit ...	1998	10087992
excision repair of 8-hydroxyguanine in mammalian cells: the mouse ogg1 protein as a model.	8-hydroxyguanine (8-oh-gua) is a major mutagenic lesion produced on dna by the oxidative stress induced by either the endogen metabolism or the exposure to external agents. in bacteria and yeast this modified base can be removed by specific dna glycosylases. recently a human gene coding for an 8-oh-gua dna glycosylase/ap lyase has been identified by its homology to the yeast ogg1. this gene is located in human chromosome 3p25, a region commonly rearranged in various cancers, specially in lung tu ...	1998	10098454
differentially expressed genes in c6.9 glioma cells during vitamin d-induced cell death program.	c6.9 rat glioma cells undergo a cell death program when exposed to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25-d3). as a global analytical approach, we have investigated gene expression in c6.9 engaged in this cell death program using differential screening of a rat brain cdna library with probes derived from control and 1,25-d3-treated cells. using this methodology we report the isolation of 61 differentially expressed cdnas. forty-seven cdnas correspond to genes already characterized in rat cells or tissu ...	1998	10200452
a mammalian lysosomal membrane protein confers multidrug resistance upon expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	mouse transporter protein (mtp) is a highly conserved polytopic membrane protein present in mammalian lysosomes and endosomes. the role of mtp in regulating the in vivo subcellular distribution of numerous structurally distinct small molecules has been examined in this study by its expression in a drug-sensitive strain of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. surprisingly, the expression of mtp in membranes of an intracellular compartment resulted in a cellular resistance or hypersensitivity to a ...	1999	10212276
isolation of ku70-binding proteins (kubs).	dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) plays a critical role in resealing dna double-stand breaks by non-homologous end joining. aside from dna-pk, xrcc4 and dna ligase iv, other proteins which play a role(s) in this repair pathway remain unknown; dna-pk contains a catalytic subunit (dna-pkcs) and a dna binding subunit (ku70 and ku80). we isolated ku70-binding proteins (kub1-kub4) using yeast two-hybrid analyses. sequence analyses revealed kub1 to be apolipoprotein j (apoj), also known as x-ray-i ...	1999	10219089
heterodimeric interactions between chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor family members arp1 and ear2.	members of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (coup-tf) subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors, which minimally includes coup-tfi and arp1, are highly expressed in brain and are generally considered to be constitutive repressors of transcription. we have used a yeast two-hybrid system to isolate proteins expressed in brain that interact with arp1. one of the proteins isolated in this screen was ear2, another orphan receptor that has been suggested to be a member of the c ...	1999	10318855
mbp1: a novel mutant p53-specific protein partner with oncogenic properties.	using a yeast two-hybrid screening strategy with a common tumour-derived p53 mutant as bait, we identified several mutant p53-interacting partners including the known proteins wild-type (wt) p53, hubc9 and gbp/pias1. in addition, a novel protein partner was identified which we have termed mbp1, for mutant p53-binding protein 1. mbp1 is a new member of the emerging fibulin gene family, which currently comprises fibulin-1, fibulin-2 and s1-5. expression of mbp1 mrna is differentially regulated bot ...	1999	10380882
t-star/etoile: a novel relative of sam68 that interacts with an rna-binding protein implicated in spermatogenesis.	rbm is an rna-binding protein encoded on the y chromosome in mammals and is expressed only in the nuclei of male germ cells. genetic evidence from infertile men implicates it in spermatogenesis, but its function is unknown. of a number of potential partners for rbm identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen with testis cdna, the most frequent isolates encoded a novel rna-binding protein, termed t-star, that is closely related to sam68, an src-associated protein of unknown function. the mouse homolo ...	1999	10332027
identification of chip, a novel tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein that interacts with heat shock proteins and negatively regulates chaperone functions.	the chaperone function of the mammalian 70-kda heat shock proteins hsc70 and hsp70 is modulated by physical interactions with four previously identified chaperone cofactors: hsp40, bag-1, the hsc70-interacting protein hip, and the hsc70-hsp90-organizing protein hop. hip and hop interact with hsc70 via a tetratricopeptide repeat domain. in a search for additional tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, we have identified a novel 35-kda cytoplasmic protein, carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interac ...	1999	10330192
hpop4: a new protein subunit of the human rnase mrp and rnase p ribonucleoprotein complexes.	rnase mrp is a ribonucleoprotein particle involved in the processing of pre-rrna. the rnase mrp particle is structurally highly related to the rnase p particle, which is involved in pre-trna processing. their rna components fold into a similar secondary structure and they share several protein subunits. we have identified and characterised human and mouse cdnas that encode proteins homologous to ypop4p, a protein subunit of both the yeast rnase mrp and rnase p complexes. the human pop4 cdna enco ...	1999	10352175
signal presequences increase mitochondrial permeability and open the multiple conductance channel.	we have reported that the signal presequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit iv from neurospora crassa increases the permeability of isolated rat liver mitochondria [p. m. sokolove and k. w. kinnally (1996) arch. biochem. biophys. 336, 69] and regulates the behavior of the mutiple conductance channel (mcc) of yeast inner mitochondrial membrane [t. a. lohret and k. w. kinnally (1995) j. biol. chem. 270, 15950]. here we examine in greater detail the action of a number of mitochondrial presequences f ...	1999	10334870
activation of the murine dihydrofolate reductase promoter by e2f1. a requirement for cbp recruitment.	the e2f family of heterodimeric transcription factors plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression at the g1/s phase transition of the mammalian cell cycle. previously, we have demonstrated that cell cycle regulation of murine dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) expression requires e2f-mediated activation of the dhfr promoter in s phase. to investigate the mechanism by which e2f activates an authentic e2f-regulated promoter, we precisely replaced the e2f binding site in the dhfr promo ...	1999	10336493
identification of the stef gene that encodes a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor specific for rac1.	the rho family gtpases are involved in a variety of cellular events by changing the organization of actin cytoskeletal networks in response to extracellular signals. however, it is not clearly known how their activities are spatially and temporally regulated. here we report the identification of a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for rac1, stef, which is related in overall amino acid sequence and modular structure to mouse tiam1 and drosophila sif proteins. stef protein contains two plec ...	1999	10364228
dominant negative murine serum response factor: alternative splicing within the activation domain inhibits transactivation of serum response factor binding targets.	primary transcripts encoding the mads box superfamily of proteins, such as mef2 in animals and zema in plants, are alternatively spliced, producing several isoformic species. we show here that murine serum response factor (srf) primary rna transcripts are alternatively spliced at the fifth exon, deleting approximately one-third of the c-terminal activation domain. among the different muscle types examined, visceral smooth muscles have a very low ratio of srfdelta5 to srf. increased levels of srf ...	1999	10373507
cloning, mapping and expression of ubl3, a novel ubiquitin-like gene.	a novel drosophila melanogaster gene ubl3 was characterized and shown to be highly conserved in man and caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans). the human and mouse homologues were cloned and sequenced. ubl3 is a ubiquitin-like protein of unknown function with no conserved homologues in yeast. mapping of the human and mouse ubl3 genes places them within a region of shared gene order between human and mouse chromosomes on human chromosome 13q12-13 and telomeric mouse chromosome 5 (mmu5).	1999	10375635
technology development at the interface of proteome research and genomics: mapping nonpolymorphic proteins on the physical map of mouse chromosomes.	data obtained from protein spots by peptide mass fingerprinting are used to identify the corresponding genes in sequence databases. the relevant cdnas are obtained as clones from the integrated molecular analysis of genome expression (i.m.a.g.e.) consortium. mapping of i.m.a.g.e. clones is performed in two steps: first, cdna clones are hybridized against a 10-hit genomic mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library. second, interspersed repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction (irs-p ...	1999	10344281
stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum: coordination of gene transcriptional and translational controls.		1999	10346810
acn9 is a novel protein of gluconeogenesis that is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.	previous studies have indicated that the acn9 protein is involved in gluconeogenesis. yeast mutants defective in the acn9 gene display phenotypes identical with mutants defective in metabolic enzymes required for carbon assimilation. these phenotypes include the inability to utilize acetate as a carbon and energy source, elevated levels of enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, gluconeogenesis and acetyl-coa mobilization, and a deficiency in de novo synthesis of glucose from ethanol. the acn9 gene was ...	1999	10103055
the mechanisms of death of an erythroleukemic cell line by p53: involvement of the microtubule and mitochondria.	a murine erythroleukemic cell line (1-2-3) which expresses only the temperature-sensitive mutant p53 gene (ala-to-val substitution at codon 135) was established. these cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis, when they were cultured at 32 degrees c. in this process, p53 recovered the wild-type p53 function and the expression of the p21 (waf1/cip1/sdi1), cyclin g1 and gadd45 genes was increased. however, no significant changes were detected in the expression of the mdm2, bcl-2, bax, fas ...	1999	10194136
cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of a human atpase ii gene, member of the third subfamily of p-type atpases and orthologous to the presumed bovine and murine aminophospholipid translocase.	recently, a p-type atpase was cloned from bovine chromaffin granules (b-atpase ii) and a mouse teratocarcinoma cell line (m-atpase ii) and was shown to be homologous to the saccharomyces cerevisiae drs2 gene, the inactivation of which resulted in defective transport of phosphatidylserine. here, we report the cloning from a human skeletal muscle cdna library of a human atpase ii (h-atpase ii), orthologous to the presumed bovine and mouse aminophospholipid translocase (95.3 and 95.9% amino acid id ...	1999	10198212
the mouse major histocompatibility complex: some assembly required.	we have assembled a contig of 81 yeast artificial chromosome clones that spans 8 mb and contains the entire major histocompatibility complex (mhc) from mouse strain c57bl/6 (h2b), and we are in the process of assembling an mhc contig of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones from strain 129 (h2bc), which differs from c57bl/6 in the h2-q and h2-t regions. the current bac contig extends from tapasin to d17leh89 with gaps in the class ii, h2-q, and distal h2-m regions. only four bac clones we ...	1999	10319263
cloning of a gadd34-like gene that interacts with the zinc-finger transcription factor which binds to the p21(waf) promoter.	a histone deacetylase inhibitor has been shown to induce differentiation of many cancer cells and senescence-like state of human fibroblasts. previously, our data suggested that the region responsive to trichostatin a (tsa), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, treatment in the p21(waf1) promoter is located -100 bp upstream from transcription initiation site and contains a gc-box where both sp1 and sp3 are responsible. here we show that another zinc-finger transcription factor, bfcol1, w ...	1999	10066455
a human immunoglobulin lambda locus is similarly well expressed in mice and humans.	transgenic mice carrying a 380-kb region of the human immunoglobulin (ig) lambda light (l) chain locus in germline configuration were created. the introduced translocus on a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) accommodates the most proximal iglambda variable region (v) gene cluster, including 15 vlambda genes that contribute to >60% of lambda l chains in humans, all jlambda-clambda segments, and the 3' enhancer. huiglambdayac mice were bred with animals in which mouse igkappa production was silenc ...	1999	10330440
deletion mapping at 12p12-13 in metastatic prostate cancer.	the identification of homozygous deletions in malignant tissue is a powerful tool for the localization of tumor suppressor genes. representational difference analysis (rda) uses selective hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to isolate regions of chromosomal loss and has facilitated the identification of tumor suppressor genes, such as brca2 and pten. we have recently identified a 1-5-cm homozygous deletion on 12p12-13 in a prostate cancer xenograft and found that 47% of patient ...	1999	10379873
delta 9-fatty acid desaturase from arachidonic acid-producing fungus. unique gene sequence and its heterologous expression in a fungus, aspergillus.	based on the sequence information for delta 9-desaturase genes (from rat, mouse and yeast), which are involved in the desaturation of palmitic acid and stearic acid to palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively, the corresponding cdna and genomic gene were cloned from the fungal strain, mortierella alpina 1s-4, which industrially produces arachidonic acid. there was a cytochrome b5-like domain linked to the carboxyl terminus of this mortierella desaturase, as also seen in the yeast delta 9-de ...	1999	10091601
tlk, a novel evolutionarily conserved murine serine threonine kinase, encodes multiple testis transcripts.	hypothesizing that genes important in meiotic processes in mammals might have evolutionarily conserved counterparts in lower organisms, we used the yeast ime2 meiotic gene (serine threonine kinase) as a probe for screening a mouse testis cdna library. this screening resulted in identification of a novel putative serine threonine kinase. although it did not exhibit significant homology to ime2, it did show significant sequence homology to the tousled kinase in arabidopsis. tousled is associated w ...	1999	10092119
hsp27 multimerization mediated by phosphorylation-sensitive intermolecular interactions at the amino terminus.	distinct biochemical activities have been reported for small and large molecular complexes of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27), respectively. using glycerol gradient ultracentrifugation and chemical cross-linking, we show here that chinese hamster hsp27 is expressed in cells as homotypic multimers ranging from dimers up to 700-kda oligomers. treatments with arsenite, which induces phosphorylation on ser15 and ser90, provoked a major change in the size distribution of the complexes that shifted from ...	1999	10092617
identification of a novel domain shared by putative components of the endocytic and cytoskeletal machinery.	we have identified a approximately 140 amino acid domain that is shared by a variety of proteins in budding and fission yeast, nematode, rat, mouse, frog, oat, and man. typically, this domain is located within 20 residues of the n-terminus of the various proteins. the percent identity among the domains in the 12 proteins ranges from 42 to 93%, with 16 absolutely conserved residues: n-x(11-13)-v-x2-a-t-x(34-36)-r-x(7-8)-w-r-x3-k-x12-g-x-e-x15 -l-x11-12-d-x-g-r-x11-d-x7-r. even though these protei ...	1999	10048338
subunits of the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin cct do not always behave as components of a uniform hetero-oligomeric particle.	the chaperonin cct is an hetero-oligomeric molecular chaperone complex. studies in yeast suggest each of its eight gene products are required for its major identified functions in producing native tubulins and actins. however, it is unclear whether these eight components always form a single particle, covering all functions, or else can also exist as heterogeneous mixtures and/or free subunits in cells. using mouse p19 embryonal carcinoma cells, which divide rapidly, yet in retinoic acid adopt a ...	1999	10082421
rna surveillance. unforeseen consequences for gene expression, inherited genetic disorders and cancer.	messenger rnas are monitored for errors that arise during gene expression by a mechanism called rna surveillance, with the result that most mrnas that cannot be translated along their full length are rapidly degraded. this ensures that truncated proteins are seldom made, reducing the accumulation of rogue proteins that might be deleterious. the pathway leading to accelerated mrna decay is referred to as nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd). the proteins that catalyze steps in nmd in yeast serve tw ...	1999	10098411
preparation of yac end fragments from the whitehead/mit mouse yac library prml vectors.		1999	10090972
notch signaling imposes two distinct blocks in the differentiation of c2c12 myoblasts.	notch signal transduction regulates expression of downstream genes through the activation of the dna-binding protein su(h)/cbf1. in drosophila most of notch signaling requires su(h); however, some notch-dependent processes occur in the absence of su(h) suggesting that notch signaling does not always involve activation of this factor. using constitutively active forms of notch lacking cbf1-interacting sequences we identified a notch signaling pathway that inhibits myogenic differentiation of c2c1 ...	1999	10079231
mitogen-activated protein kinases: specific messages from ubiquitous messengers.		1999	10082509
efficiency of importin alpha/beta-mediated nuclear localization sequence recognition and nuclear import. differential role of ntf2.	little quantitative, kinetic information is available with respect to the process of nuclear import of conventional nuclear localization sequence (nls)-containing proteins, which initially involves recognition and docking at the nuclear pore by importin alpha/beta. this study compares the binding and nuclear import properties of mouse (m) and yeast (y) importin (imp) subunits with respect to the nlss from the sv40 large tumor antigen (t-ag), and the xenopus laevis phosphoprotein n1n2. m- and y-i ...	1999	10336485
cbp-independent activation of crem and creb by the lim-only protein act.	transcriptional activation by creb and crem requires phosphorylation of a serine residue within the activation domain (ser 133 in creb; ser 117 in crem) which as a result interacts with the coactivator cbp. the activator crem is highly expressed in male germ cells and is required for post-meiotic gene expression. using a two-hybrid screen, we have isolated a testis-derived complementary dna encoding a protein that we term act (for activator of crem in testis), a lim-only protein which specifical ...	1999	10086359
analysis of a conditional degradation signal in yeast and mammalian cells.	the n-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, the targets of which include proteins that bear destabilizing n-terminal residues. the latter are a part of the degradation signal called the n-degron. arg-dhfrts, an engineered n-end rule substrate, bears n-terminal arginine (a destabilizing residue) and dhfrts [a temperature-sensitive mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) moiety]. previous work has shown that arg-dhfrts is long-lived at 23 degreesc but short-lived at 37 degrees ...	1999	9914499
alternative splicing results in differential expression, activity, and localization of the two forms of arginyl-trna-protein transferase, a component of the n-end rule pathway.	the n-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its n-terminal residue. the underlying ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, called the n-end rule pathway, is organized hierarchically: n-terminal aspartate and glutamate (and also cysteine in metazoans) are secondary destabilizing residues, in that they function through their conjugation, by arginyl-trna-protein transferase (r-transferase), to arginine, a primary destabilizing residue. we isolated cdna encoding the ...	1999	9858543
sequence-ready 1-mb yac, bac and cosmid contigs covering the distal imprinted region of mouse chromosome 7.	we have constructed approximately 1-mb contigs of yeast artificial chromosome (yac), bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) and cosmid clones covering the imprinted region in mouse chromosome band 7f4/f5. this region is syntenic to human chromosome 11p15.5, which is associated with beckwith-wiedemann syndrome (bws) and certain childhood and adult tumors. these contigs provide the basis for genomic sequencing, identification of genes and their regulatory elements, and functional studies in transge ...	1999	10691133
yeast tissue phase of emmonsia pasteuriana inoculated in golden hamster by intratesticular way.	the scope of our study was to present an experimental model reproducing the dimorphic yeast-like population (as for histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis) similar to that observed in the cutaneous biopsy of an italian woman who had never traveled abroad, being intravenous drug user and hiv positive for 10 years, finally infected with the new dimorphic fungus emmonsia pasteuriana. experimental inoculation was unsuccessful by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) ways in a mouse ...	1999	10865897
identification of eps8 as a dvl1-associated molecule.	dishevelled (dsh) is involved in both wingless (wg) and frizzled (fz) signaling pathways. to further determine the function of dsh, we have performed yeast two-hybrid screening and isolated several genes encoding the molecules associated with the pdz domain of dvl1, one of the murine dsh homologs. during the screening, we found that eps8, which is a substrate for activated egf receptor (egfr), specifically interacted with dvl1. this interaction was also confirmed in vitro. through transfection s ...	1999	10581192
chromosomal localization of phospholipase a2 activating protein, an ets2 target gene, to 9p21.	a murine ets2 target gene isolated by differential display cloning was identified as the phospholipase a2 activating protein (plaa) gene. a 2.7-kb human cdna demonstrating high homology to mouse and rat plaa genes was then isolated and characterized. human plaa contains six wd-40 repeat motifs and three different protein kinase consensus domains. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) mapping placed plaa on chromosome 9p21, a region frequently deleted in various cancers. a comprehensive mappi ...	1999	10644453
the nucleocapsid protein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus interacts with the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 in vitro and in vivo.	the nucleocapsid (n) protein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a1 (hnrnp-a1) are rna-binding proteins, binding to the leader rna and the intergenic sequence of mhv negative-strand template rnas, respectively. previous studies have suggested a role for both n and hnrnp-a1 proteins in mhv rna synthesis. however, it is not known whether the two proteins can interact with each other. here we employed a series of methods to determine their interac ...	1999	10603321
identification and characterization of sorcs, a third member of a novel receptor family.	a novel receptor, sorcs, was isolated from murine brain. it shows homology to the mosaic receptor sorla and the neurotensin receptor sortilin based on a common vps10 domain which is the hallmark of this new receptor family. in the n-terminus of sorcs two putative cleavage sites for the convertase furin mark the beginning of the vps10 domain, followed by a module of imperfect leucine-rich repeats and a transmembrane domain. the short intracellular c-terminus contains consensus signals for rapid i ...	1999	10600506
genetic and physical maps of the mouse rd3 locus; exclusion of the ortholog of ush2a.	the rd3 retinal degeneration gene was previously mapped 10 +/- 2.5 cm distal to akp1 on mouse chromosome (chr) 1 (chang et al., 1993), a region that may be homologous to the locus of the human ush2a gene, which carries mutations responsible for usher iia retinal degeneration/hearing loss syndrome. an intercross from an rb(11, 13)4bnr(rd3/rd3) x c57bl/6j mating was set up, 428 f2 meioses were analyzed, and the rd3 gene was placed between the markers d1mit292/d1mit209 and d1mit510, a distance of 1 ...	1999	10384036
metaxin 1 interacts with metaxin 2, a novel related protein associated with the mammalian mitochondrial outer membrane.	a recently described protein, metaxin 1, serves as a component of a preprotein import complex in the outer membrane of the mammalian mitochondrion. a yeast two-hybrid screen with metaxin 1 as bait has now identified a novel protein, which we have termed metaxin 2, as a metaxin 1-binding protein. metaxin 2 shares 29% identity with metaxin 1 at the amino acid level, but metaxin 2, unlike metaxin 1, lacks a c-terminal mitochondrial outer membrane signal-anchor domain. two c. elegans hypothetical pr ...	1999	10381257
hepatitis c virus core protein binds to a dead box rna helicase.	approximately 4 million americans are infected with the hepatitis c virus (hcv), making it a major cause of chronic liver disease. because of the lack of an efficient cell culture system, little is known about the interaction between hcv and host cells. we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human liver cell cdna library with hcv core protein as bait and isolated the dead box protein dbx. dbx has significant amino acid sequence identity to mouse pl10, an atp-dependent rna helicase. the bind ...	1999	10336476
a thioester analogue of an amino acetylenic aldehyde is a suicide inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase and an inducer of apoptosis in mouse lymphoid cells overexpressing the bcl2 gene.		1999	10352674
identification of the cell cycle regulator vcp (p97/cdc48) as a substrate of the band 4.1-related protein-tyrosine phosphatase ptph1.	the human band 4.1-related protein-tyrosine phosphatase ptph1 was introduced into nih3t3 cells under the control of a tetracycline-repressible promoter. ectopic expression of wild type ptph1 dramatically inhibited cell growth, whereas a catalytically impaired mutant showed no effect. to identify the direct target of ptph1 in the cell, we generated a substrate-trapping mutant, in which an invariant aspartate residue was changed to alanine (d811a in ptph1). the ptph1-d811a mutant trapped primarily ...	1999	10364224
characterization of the mammalian septin h5: distinct patterns of cytoskeletal and membrane association from other septin proteins.	the mechanisms controlling cytokinesis during yeast budding and animal cell fission appear quite different, yet both require members of the septin protein family. mammalian homologs of this novel family of gtpases have been identified but little is known about their properties or functions. using an antibody specific for the mammalian septin h5, we show that this protein is expressed at distinct levels in a variety of tissues. tissue expression levels in different tissues did not coincide with t ...	1999	10340703
analysis of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cell, using tandem repeat sequences.	in all the organisms, homologous recombination (hr) is involved in fundamental processes such as genome diversification and dna repair. several strategies can be devised to measure homologous recombination in mammalian cells. we present here the interest of using intrachromosomal tandem repeat sequences to measure hr in mammalian cells and we discuss the differences with the ectopic plasmids recombination. the present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hr between tandem repeats in mam ...	1999	10343649
the disabled 1 phosphotyrosine-binding domain binds to the internalization signals of transmembrane glycoproteins and to phospholipids.	disabled gene products are important for nervous system development in drosophila and mammals. in mice, the dab1 protein is thought to function downstream of the extracellular protein reln during neuronal positioning. the structures of dab proteins suggest that they mediate protein-protein or protein-membrane docking functions. here we show that the amino-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (ptb) domain of dab1 binds to the transmembrane glycoproteins of the amyloid precursor protein (app) and low- ...	1999	10373567
highly divergent amino termini of the homologous human alr and yeast scerv1 gene products define species specific differences in cellular localization.	the yeast scerv1 gene product is involved in the biogenesis of mitochondria and is indispensable for viability and regulation of the cell cycle. recently the general importance of this gene for the eukaryotic cell was shown by the identification of a structural and functional human homologue. the homologous mammalian alr (augmenter of liver regeneration) genes from man, mouse and rat are involved in the phenomenon of liver regeneration. a low expression rate of the genes is found in all investig ...	1999	10384986
cloning and characterization of ash2l and ash2l, human and mouse homologs of the drosophila ash2 gene.	drosophila ash2 belongs to the trithorax (trx) gene family. the ash2 product positively regulates expression of homeotic selector genes, and is implicated in early development and formation of various disc patterns in the fruit fly. through large-scale sequencing of human genomic dna coupled with in silico gene trapping, we identified a gene (ash2l) on chromosome 8p11.2 whose predicted product was highly homologous to ash2, characterized it, and identified its mouse counterpart. the human ash2 c ...	1999	10393421
cloning, characterisation, and functional expression of the mus musculus skd1 gene in yeast demonstrates that the mouse skd1 and the yeast vps4 genes are orthologues and involved in intracellular protein trafficking.	the mouse skd1 protein displays a high degree of sequence identity (62%) to the yeast vps4 protein, which is involved in the transport of proteins out of a prevacuolar/endosomal compartment. we isolated the mouse skd1 locus and found that the skd1 gene is split into 11 exons covering a region of 29kb of the genome. interestingly, the exon/intron structure reflects to a certain degree the proposed domain structure of the protein, since the 5' located coiled-coil region and the aaa domain are flan ...	1999	10393249
oligomerized ced-4 kills budding yeast through a caspase-independent mechanism.	in caenorhabdtis elegans, ced-3, ced-4, and ced-9 are components of a cell suicide program. ced-4 facilitates the proteolytic activation of the caspase, ced-3, while ced-9 opposes ced-3/ced-4 killing. to examine the interactions among these proteins they were expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. ced-3 and ced-4 were lethal when expressed alone, revealing an intrinsic ced-4 killing activity. coexpression of ced-9 blocked ced-3- and ced-4-induced killing, showing ced-9 can independently antagoni ...	1999	10403845
the drosophila ortholog of the human xpg gene.	xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group g (xpg) protein is a junction-specific endonuclease which is indispensable for nucleotide excision repair (ner) of dna in eukaryotes. recent studies have hinted at a second, essential function for the xpg protein in higher eukaryotes. we undertook a comparison of the amino acid sequences of multiple xpg orthologs to determine if a motif or domain could be identified that is conserved uniquely in higher eukaryotes. a search of current databases allowed ...	1999	10395909
identification of a new gene encoding pericentromeric dodeca-satellite binding protein in drosophila melanogaster.	dodeca-satellite (cccgtactcggt)n is a type of tandemly repeated dna sequence located in the pericentromeric region of the third chromosome of drosophila melanogaster and that cross-hybridizes with dna from other species such as arabidopsis, mouse and human. this evolutionary conservation suggests that dodeca-satellite might play an important role in the centromeric function. therefore, the aim of our research was the isolament of genes encoding proteins that might help stabilize these dna struct ...	1999	10428466
phagocytic and macropinocytic activity in marcks-deficient macrophages and fibroblasts.	macrophages express high levels of the myristoylated, alanine-rich, c kinase substrate (marcks), an actin cross-linking protein. to investigate a possible role of marcks in macrophage function, fetal liver-derived macrophages were generated from wild-type and marcks knockout mouse embryos. no differences between the wild-type and marcks-deficient macrophages with respect to morphology (wright's stain) or actin distribution (staining with rhodamine-phalloidin, under basal conditions or after trea ...	1999	10409119
the mammalian swi/snf complex and the control of cell growth.	the mammalian swi/snf complex is a chromatin remodelling complex that uses the energy of atp hydrolysis to facilitate access of transcription factors to regulatory dna sequences. this complex, that was initially described as a co-factor for nuclear receptors, has recently been associated with the control of cell growth. two of the subunits known as brg-1 and brm can associate with the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene product and co-operate with this protein for repression of e2f activity. i ...	1999	10441072