Publications

histoplasma capsulatum fails to trigger release of superoxide from macrophages.	the yeast form of the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum survives within macrophages after phagocytosis. to do so, it must avoid, inhibit, or resist a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites. using ferricytochrome c reduction to assay superoxide release, we examined the response of mouse macrophages to the yeast form of various h. capsulatum strains. doses of zymosan as low as 20 particles per macrophage elicited superoxide, whereas h. capsulatum failed to induce superoxide even at 160 yeast ce ...	1987	3025100
both atp and an energized inner membrane are required to import a purified precursor protein into mitochondria.	we have investigated the energy requirement of mitochondrial protein import with a simplified system containing only isolated yeast mitochondria, energy sources and a purified precursor protein. this precursor was a fusion protein composed of 22 residues of the cytochrome oxidase subunit iv pre-sequence fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase. import of this protein required not only an energized inner membrane, but also atp. atp could be replaced by gtp, but not by ctp, ttp or non-hydrolyzable a ...	1987	3036490
processing of ty1 proteins and formation of ty1 virus-like particles in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have analysed functional properties of putative proteins encoded by the yeast transposable element, ty1, by overexpression of ty genes. high-level expression was achieved by appropriate fusion of a ty sequence, ty9c, to the yeast adh1 promoter and transformation of yeast cells with this construction. as shown recently by others (garfinkel et al. 1985; mellor et al. 1985c) ty overexpression leads to an increase in particle-bound reverse transcriptase activity and to an intracellular accumulati ...	1987	3039300
interaction of ribosomal proteins l25 from yeast and el23 from e. coli with yeast 26s and mouse 28s rrna.	the interaction of ribosomal protein el23 from e. coli and l25 from yeast with yeast 26s rrna was analysed by nitrocellulose filter binding and rnase protection experiments using both intact rrna and various fragments prepared by in vitro transcription of cloned yeast rdna regions in the sp6 system. the results show that el23 efficiently and specifically interacts with the region of 26s rrna previously identified as the binding site for the yeast ribosomal protein l25. a comparison of the oligon ...	1987	3126831
production and characterization of yeast killer toxin monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from mice primed with a crude extract of yeast killer toxin produced by a strain of hansenula anomala. hybridomas were selected by specific immunoassay reaction of their fluid with crude yeast killer toxin extract. among the monoclonal antibodies, which were characterized by the western blot technique, one (designated kt4) proved to have precipitating properties, thus permitting the neutralization ...	1987	2434524
differential and sequential delivery of fluorescent lysosomal probes into phagosomes in mouse peritoneal macrophages.	it has previously been inferred that the fusion of a macrophage secondary lysosome with a phagosome delivers the entire lysosomal contents uniformly to the phagosome. we found, however, that different fluorescent lysosomal probes can enter phagosomes at remarkably different rates, even though they are initially sequestered together in the same organelles. thus, sulforhodamine is almost exclusively delivered to yeast-containing phagosomes within 2 h of phagocytosis. but fluoresceinated, high mole ...	1987	2438290
generation of macrophage variants with 5-azacytidine: selection for mannose receptor expression.	mannose receptors are expressed only in primary macrophages. established macrophage-derived cell lines, although apparently possessing the potential to synthesize mannose receptors, do not express them on their plasma membranes. using the drug 5-azacytidine, mannose receptor expression was induced in the macrophage-derived mouse cell line j774. receptor positive cells were sorted through a fluorescent activated cell sorter (facs) prior to cloning. clones were isolated which continuously express ...	1987	2445884
phosphate activated glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system from different species and in different neuronal cell types and in astrocytes.	using antibodies against pig brain phosphate activated glutaminase, the enzyme appears to be rather conservative as we have observed immuno- staining in the brain from all species investegated [pig, cow, rabbit, rat, mouse, man, fish (cod and salmon) and bird (chicken)]. in addition, phosphate activated glutaminase from cultured mouse cerebral cortex inter- neurons (mainly gaba-ergic), cerebellar granule cells (glutamatergic) and astrocytes stained in an analogous manner. however, no phosphate a ...	1987	20501086
mitochondrial import of the adp/atp carrier protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae. sequences required for receptor binding and membrane translocation.	the adp/atp carrier of yeast (309 amino acids) is an abundant transmembrane protein of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose import involves well-defined steps (pfanner, n., and neupert, w. (1987) j. biol. chem. 262, 7528-7536). analysis of the in vitro import of gene fusion products containing adp/atp carrier (aac) sequences at the amino terminus and mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) at the carboxyl terminus indicates that the first 72 amino acids of the soluble carrier protein, a hydrophil ...	1988	2834388
comparison of the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase sequences of eight species.	predicted amino acid sequences of the enzyme orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.23) from eight different organisms are compared. the comparisons are made on the basis of primary structural differences, primary amino acid sequence, hydropathy profiles, and secondary structure predictions. the organisms compared are mus musculus, aspergillus nidulans, neurospora crassa, kluyveromyces lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, escherichia coli, and salmonella typhimuri ...	1988	2974823
the yeast gtp-binding ypt1 protein and a mammalian counterpart are associated with the secretion machinery.	a yeast gtp-binding protein, the ypt1 gene product, has been found to function early in the secretion pathway. the ypt1-1 mutation causes a phenotype reminiscent of early secretion-defective mutants, including accumulation of membranes and vesicles as well as a partial defect in secretion and incomplete glycosylation of invertase. immunofluorescence localization studies using affinity-purified antibody directed against the ypt1 protein showed punctate staining of the cytoplasm of growing yeast c ...	1988	3127057
nucleotide sequence of chicken myb proto-oncogene promoter region: detection of an evolutionarily conserved element.	the nucleotide sequence of the chicken myb proto-oncogene putative promoter region was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of the mouse c-myb gene (1). 118 bp upstream from the initiation codon suggested by gerondakis and bishop (2) for the chicken c-myb protein, a 124-bp-long conserved element was found (92% identity in chicken and mouse sequences). sequences homologous to this element were detected on southern blots of restricted genomic dnas from mouse, man, lizard, frog, ...	1988	3145493
pharmacology of sch 34826, an orally active enkephalinase inhibitor analgesic.	sch 34826 [(s)-n-[n-[1-[[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4yl) methoxy]carbonyl]-2-phenylethyl]-l-phenylalanine]-beta-alanine] was synthesized as a p.o. active prodrug enkephalinase inhibitor. in vivo, it is de-esterified to sch 32615 (n-[l-(-1-carboxy-2-phenyl)ethyl]-l-phenylalanyl-beta-alanine), the active constituent. in vitro, the ki for sch 32615 to block the degradation of met5-enkephalin by isolated enkephalinase is 19.5 +/- 0.9 nm. in contrast, sch 32615 did not inhibit aminopeptidase or diami ...	1988	3164388
improvement of short-term tests for mutagenicity: on the optimal ph for the liver microsomal assay.	the aim of this study was to optimize the ph in the liver microsomal assay (lma) in processing short-term mutagenicity tests. ph optimization would increase the sensitivity (i.e. decrease the presence of false negatives) and increase the specificity (decrease false positives). such optimization is a function of the relative activities and stabilities of the liver microsomal cytochrome p-450- and fad-containing monooxygenase-dependent biotransformation enzymes present in the incubation mixtures u ...	1988	3191571
isolation of s9 fractions from mouse and rat with increased enzyme activities after repeated administration of cytochrome p-450 and p-448 inducers.	cytochrome p-450 (cyt p-450), nadph cytochrome p-450 reductase and various microsomal monooxygenase activities [e.g. aminopyrine n-demethylase, p-nitroanisole o-demethylase, dinemorphan n-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erd)], were determined in hepatic post-mitochondrial supernatant from mice and rats. experiments were performed on male and female animals treated with a combination of sodium phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone according to the standa ...	1988	3045486
the isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the phosphoglucoisomerase gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have isolated the gene which encodes the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (pgi) from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae by functional complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in pgi activity with dna from a wild-type yeast genomic library. the cloned gene has been localized by hybridization of specific dna fragments to total yeast poly(a)+ rna and by complementation of the mutant phenotype with subclones. the gene is expressed as an abundant mrna of 1.9-kb and encodes a protein of 5 ...	1988	3072254
comparative analysis of tubulin sequences.	1. information on the structure and evolution of tubulin has been obtained by comparing the available sequence data on 31 alpha-tubulins and 31 beta-tubulins. 2. similar numbers of conserved amino acids are found amongst both alpha- and beta-tubulins (alpha: 48%, plus conservative substitutions: 72%; beta: 48%, plus conservative substitutions: 70%). about half of them are common to both subunits (23%, plus conservative substitutions: 45%). four cysteines in the alpha-tubulins and 2 cysteines in ...	1988	3073909
lysosomal enzyme release from macrophages: a model of food yeast toxicity evaluation.	the role of lysosomal enzyme released by macrophages was examined in relation to the toxic effect caused by food yeast. mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to yeast in culture showed marked release of n-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-galactosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase below the median lethal dose (ld50). ld50 was measured from the dose response curves of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest ld50 followed by kluyveromyces fragilis and cand ...	1988	3076734
cdna cloning and functional expression in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae of beta-naphthoflavone-induced rabbit liver p-450 lm4 and lm6.	a cdna library was constructed from liver mrna of a beta-naphthoflavone-induced rabbit. two clones plm4-1 and plm6-1 containing 2.2-kbp inserts that hybridized at low stringincy with a mouse p1 p-450 probe were selected. the clone plm4-1 was fully sequenced and found to contain a full-length cdna coding for cytochrome p-450 lm4. partial sequence and restriction mapping made it possible to identify plm6-1 as coding for the major part of cytochrome p-450 lm6. cloned lm4-1 cdna was reformed by dele ...	1988	2847925
genotoxicity studies on selected organosilicon compounds: in vitro assays.	a series of 12 organosilicon compounds representing potential intermediates in the synthesis and degradation of polydimethylsiloxanes were evaluated for genotoxic potential with a battery of in vitro assays. microbial assays included the ames bacterial reverse mutation in salmonella, mitotic gene conversion in saccharomyces cerevisiae d4 and dna repair in e. coli pol a +/-. these assays were conducted with and without a metabolic activation system containing aroclor 1254-induced rat-liver homoge ...	1988	3284798
a dna sequence conferring high postmeiotic segregation frequency to heterozygous deletions in saccharomyces cerevisiae is related to sequences associated with eucaryotic recombination hotspots.	the meiotic behavior of two graded series of deletion mutations in the ade8 gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed to investigate the molecular basis of meiotic recombination. postmeiotic segregation (pms) was observed for a subset of the deletion heterozygosities, including deletions of 38 to 93 base pairs. there was no clear relationship between deletion length and pms frequency. a common sequence characterized the novel joint region in the alleles which displayed pms. this sequence is ...	1988	3285179
homologous genes for mouse 4.5s hybrna are found in all eukaryotes and their low molecular weight rna transcripts intermolecularly hybridize with eukaryotic 18s ribosomal rnas.	previous work has reported the isolation and sequencing of a mouse low molecular weight rna species designated 4.5s hybridizing rna or hybrna because of its ability to intermolecularly hybridize with mouse mrna and 18s rrna sequences. using synthetic dna oligonucleotide probes we have examined the conservation of this gene sequence and its expression as a lmwrna transcript across evolution. southern blot analysis has shown that homologous genes of single or low copy number are found in all eukar ...	1988	3399384
a gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun.	we have recently identified by cdna cloning a set of genes that are rapidly activated in cultured mouse cells by protein growth factors. here we report that the nucleotide sequence of a cdna (clone 465) derived from one of these immediate early genes (hereafter called jun-b) encodes a protein homologous to that encoded by the avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene v-jun. homology between the jun-b and v-jun proteins is in two regions: one near the n terminus and the other at the c terminus. the latter ...	1988	3422745
purification of clostridium botulinum type g progenitor toxin.	clostridium botulinum type g cultured for 6 days at 30 degrees c in proteose peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium produced toxin of 1.3 x 10(4) ld50/ml. the toxin was precipitated at ph 4.0, extracted with 0.2 m phosphate buffer, ph 6.0, and activated with trypsin. sonic treatment and trypsinization of the residual precipitate released additional toxin, the toxicity of which corresponded to that detected in whole culture. activated toxin obtained from the first extract and that from the residual ...	1988	3293334
characteristics of the beta-glucan receptor of murine macrophages.	phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast (hk-yeast), zymosan, and glucan particles by thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages (tg-macrophages) was inhibited by soluble glucan polymers/oligomers. the inhibitory capacity of soluble glucans decreased steeply with the decrease in the degree of polymerization (dpn); i.e., the concentration at which 50% inhibition of phagocytosis was attained was 0.23 microgram/ml for glucan 1 (dpn 24.8), 0.8 microgram/ml for glucan 2 (dpn 21.9), and greater tha ...	1988	2828085
pharmacological profile of droxicam.	in studies of anti-inflammatory activity, droxicam has shown itself to be as active as piroxicam and much more active than phenylbutazone, isoxicam and suprofen, both in acute studies such as carrageenin oedema, nystatin oedema and ultraviolet erythema, and in longer-term tests such as that of the cotton pellet. in the studies of anti-arthritic activity, which require long-term treatment, droxicam was as effective as piroxicam, both on primary and on secondary lesions. the study of analgaesic ac ...	1988	3278945
amino acid sequence template useful for alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix prediction.	necessary stereochemical requirements for an amino acid sequence segment to fold into an alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix supersecondary structure are presented in sequence template form. the usefulness of the template is illustrated by alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix predictions consistent with experimental data from the large t antigens of two polyoma viruses, simian virus 40 (segment 143-165) and mouse polyoma virus (segment 297-319), and the yeast transcription activator gcn4 (segment 256-278).	1988	3289965
genetic analysis of the repetitive carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subunit of mouse rna polymerase ii.	the carboxyl-terminal domain (ctd) of the mouse rna polymerase ii largest subunit consists of 52 repeats of a seven-amino-acid block with the consensus sequence tyr-ser-pro-thr-ser-pro-ser. a genetic approach was used to determine whether the ctd plays an essential role in rna polymerase function. deletion, insertion, and substitution mutations were created in the repetitive region of an alpha-amanitin-resistant largest-subunit gene. the effects of these mutations on rna polymerase ii activity w ...	1988	3275873
mouse primase p49 subunit molecular cloning indicates conserved and divergent regions.	primase is a specialized rna polymerase that synthesizes rna primers for initiation of dna synthesis. a full cdna clone of the p49 subunit of mouse primase, a heterodimeric enzyme, has been isolated using a primase p49-specific polyclonal antibody to screen a lambda gt11 mouse cdna expression library. the cdna indicated the subunit is a 417-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 49,295 daltons. the p49 mrna is approximately 1500 nucleotides long with a 5'-untranslated region ...	1989	2925677
[the research institute for molecular pathology (i.m.p.)--a new approach for cancer development].	the aim of basic research at the i.m.p. is a more comprehensive understanding of cancer development that should lead to less aggressive and more efficient therapies in future. molecular biological methods provide a valuable tool to describe the genetic defects and malfunctions of the cancer cell, an understanding of which is essential for the establishment of causal cancer treatment. several working groups are studying aspects of cellular growth and its regulation from different points of view. ...	1989	2609663
adriamycin, a drug interacting with acidic phospholipids, blocks import of precursor proteins by isolated yeast mitochondria.	acidic phospholipids such as cardiolipin partially unfold an artificial precursor protein which consists of a mitochondrial presequence fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase (endo, t., and schatz, g. (1988) embo j. 7, 1153-1158). we now show that import of this precursor protein into isolated yeast mitochondria is blocked by adriamycin, a drug binding to cardiolipin and other acidic phospholipids. this inhibition is lessened if the precursor's dihydrofolate reductase moiety is labilized by poin ...	1989	2644274
inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and type p fimbriated escherichia coli to eucaryotic cells.	inhibition of bacterial adherence to bladder cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial action ascribed to cranberry juice and cranberry juice cocktail in the prevention of urinary tract infections (a. e. sobota, j. urol. 131:1013-1016, 1984). we have examined the effect of the cocktail and juice on the adherence of escherichia coli expressing surface lectins of defined sugar specificity to yeasts, tissue culture cells, erythrocytes, and mouse peritoneal macrophages. cranberry juice co ...	1989	2653218
a mammalian translation initiation factor can substitute for its yeast homologue in vivo.	the translation initiation factor 4e (eif-4e) is involved in the recognition of the cap structure at the 5' end of eukaryotic mrna and facilitates ribosome binding. subsequently, additional initiation factors mediate ribosomal scanning of mrna and initiator aug recognition (shatkin, a. j. (1985) cell 40, 223-224; rhoads, r. e. (1988) trends biochem. sci. 13, 52-56; edery, i., pelletier, j., and sonenberg, n. (1987) in translational regulation of gene expression (ilan, j., ed) pp. 335-366, plenum ...	1989	2663851
yeast as source of oncoproteins.	the properties of a saccharomyces cerevisiae 20 kda polypeptide (yp20) and its relationship to human ras antigen were tested. yp20 was isolated from commercial yeast cells by the procedure of sommer (1978). proteins associated with yeast chromatin were released by micrococcal nuclease digestion and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies specifically detecting the yp20 antigen have been generated. we observed that yp20 was recognized by anti ...	1989	2665375
the ras-related mouse ypt1 protein can functionally replace the ypt1 gene product in yeast.	the protein-coding region of the essential saccharomyces cerevisiae ypt1 gene coding for a ras-related, guanine-nucleotide-binding protein was exchanged in chromosome vi by the protein-coding segment of either the mouse ypt1 gene or the v-ki-ras gene, and different chimeric ypt1-v-ki-ras genes. the mouse ypt1 protein with 71% of identical residues compared with the yeast ypt1 protein could functionally fully replace its yeast homologue as long as the mouse gene was overexpressed under transcript ...	1989	2670553
virulence and antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from puerto rico.	studies on the distribution, epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptococcus neoformans on the island of puerto rico are few. we have studied mouse virulence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 133 isolates of c. neoformans: 121 environmental and 12 clinical (9 from aids patients), that were isolated in puerto rico. in experimental cd-1 mice infected intravenously, the mean lethal dose 50% values (28 days) were greater than 5.2 x 10(6) and 1.1 x 10(5) cells/mouse for environmental and clinic ...	1989	2682249
copper and the ace1 regulatory protein reversibly induce yeast metallothionein gene transcription in a mouse extract.	we describe a cell-free system in which the transcription of the yeast metallothionein gene is inducible by the addition of metal ions plus a specific regulatory protein. efficient transcription requires the complete yeast ace1 metalloregulatory protein, including both its dna-binding and transactivation domains; a mouse nuclear extract providing rna polymerase and general transcription factors; a template containing the ace1 binding site; and cu(i). because the binding of ace1 to dna is depende ...	1989	2682650
candida albicans gastrointestinal colonization and invasion in the mouse: effect of antibacterial dosing, antifungal therapy and immunosuppression.	infant mice infected with candida albicans by the oral-intragastric route became colonized in the gut and were persistently colonized into adulthood. faecal levels of candida were correlated with total gastrointestinal candida and provided a useful means of detecting yeast overgrowth or elimination. antibacterial agents promoting candida overgrowth when given by the oral or parenteral route included ceftriaxone, augmentin and cefoperazone. ceftizoxime had less effect. ceftazidime and latamoxef p ...	1989	2695843
high-level expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor synthesized in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.	human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha/cachectin was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris at high levels (greater than 30% of the soluble protein) by placing the tnf cdna under the control of regulatory sequences derived from the alcohol oxidase gene. batch fermentor cultures at cell densities of 50 and 85 g dry cell weight/l contained approximately 6 x 10(10) and 10(11) units/l tnf bioactivity (6 and 10 g/l tnf), respectively. tnf productivity of 0.108 g l-1 h-1 was obtained i ...	1989	2752013
rapid detection and identification of legionella pneumophila by a membrane immunoassay.	legionella pneumophila was detected and identified by an immunoblot assay using a monoclonal antibody specific to serogroups 1 to 8. samples containing l. pneumophila were plated on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar supplemented with glycine, vancomycin, and polymyxin b. after incubation at 35 degrees c for 3 days, colonies were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes by blotting. simultaneous detection and identification of l. pneumophila were done by treating the membrane with the monoclona ...	1989	2764570
cre-stimulated recombination at loxp-containing dna sequences placed into the mammalian genome.	the cre gene of coliphage p1 encodes a 38 kda protein which efficiently promotes both intra- and intermolecular recombination at specific 34 bp sites called loxp. to demonstrate that the cre protein can promote dna recombination at loxp sites resident on a mammalian chromosome, a mouse cell line was constructed containing two directly repeated loxp sites flanking a 2.5 kb yeast dna fragment and inserted between the sv40 promoter and the neo structural gene to disrupt expression of the neo gene. ...	1989	2783482
v-cbl, an oncogene from a dual-recombinant murine retrovirus that induces early b-lineage lymphomas.	cas ns-1 is an acutely transforming murine retrovirus that induces pre-b and pro-b cell lymphomas. molecular cloning showed it was generated from the ecotropic cas-br-m virus by sequential recombinations with endogenous retroviral sequences and a cellular oncogene. the oncogene sequence shows no homology with known oncogenes but some similarity to the yeast transcriptional activator gcn4. a 100-kda gag-cbl fusion protein, with no detectable kinase activity, is responsible for the cellular transf ...	1989	2784003
pharmacological studies on eb-382, a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents: mode of action of the analgesic effects.	the analgesic mechanism of (+/-)-2-[p-[(2-methylallyl)amino]phenyl]propionic acid (eb-382), a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, was studied. eb-382 exerted a potent analgesic effect on yeast-induced hyperalgesia in rats and bradykinin-induced writhing in mice, and its potency was superior to that of ibuprofen. eb-382 had a comparatively weak inhibitory effect on the prostaglandin e2 production from arachidonic acid in sheep seminal vesicle microsomal fraction in vitro. eb-382 exhibited a ...	1989	2787705
high levels of circulating neutralizing antibody in normal animals to recombinant mouse interferon-beta produced in yeast.	plasma from normal outbred swiss mice not previously given interferon (ifn) neutralized a glycosylated (high-mannose) recombinant murine ifn-beta made in yeast (rmuifn-beta y). the neutralization antibody titers were as high as 1:6,000 versus rmuifn-beta y, whereas the titers obtained with native murine ifn-beta (muifn-beta) were 100-fold less; a recombinant murine ifn-beta make in escherichia coli (rmuifn-beta ec) was not neutralized at 1:10 dilution of plasma. an elisa using rmuifn-beta y demo ...	1989	2809279
structure, expression and chromosomal localization of zfp-1, a murine zinc finger protein gene.	zinc finger proteins (zfp) are encoded by a large family of genes present in many organisms including yeast and human. some of them are transcriptional activators and bind specifically to dna by zinc mediated folded structures commonly known as zinc fingers. the drosophila krüppel (kr) is a segmentation gene and encodes a zinc finger protein. using a probe from the finger domain of kr, we have isolated a structurally related gene zfp-1 from the mouse. in this paper, we report the complete nucleo ...	1989	2574853
the c-cbl proto-oncogene is preferentially expressed in thymus and testis tissue and encodes a nuclear protein.	cas ns-1 is an acutely transforming murine retrovirus that induces early b-lineage lymphomas and occasional myeloid leukemias. the transforming sequence of this virus, v-cbl, shows no homology to known oncogenes but has some similarities to the yeast transcriptional factor gcn4. in this study we used a v-cbl probe to analyze mrnas from a wide range of murine and human hemopoietic tumor cell lines and detected an 11-kilobase mrna in all lineages. in normal mouse tissues the expression of c-cbl wa ...	1989	2585608
inhibition of mouse bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by factors derived from natural killer cells: an in vitro model for hybrid resistance.	investigations were performed to study whether soluble factors produced by nk-cells could mediate "hybrid resistance" in vitro. nk-cells enriched from spleens of b6d2f1 hybrid mice were incubated with parental b6 bone marrow, and the effect of the derived supernatants on the development of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (gm-cfc) was assessed. cell free supernatants obtained from low density cells (ldc) of b6d2f1 hybrids stimulated with bone marrow cells (bmc) from b6 mice inhibited ...	1989	2510465
purification and properties of mouse liver coproporphyrinogen oxidase.	coproporphyrinogen oxidase was purified to homogeneity from mouse liver. the specific activity of the pure enzyme was 3500 nmol.h-1.mg-1; its apparent molecular mass (35 kda) was confirmed by immunological characterization of the enzyme in a trichloroacetic-acid-precipitated total-liver-protein extract. the native enzyme appeared to be a dimer of 70 kda as determined by gel filtration under nondenaturating conditions. the km value for coproporphyrinogen iii was 0.3 microm. the purified enzyme wa ...	1989	2540974
the thiol proteinase inhibitors improve the abnormal rapid down-regulation of protein kinase c and the impaired natural killer cell activity in (chediak-higashi syndrome) beige mouse.	protein kinase c (pkc) is essential in intracellular signal transduction for various cell functions including natural killer (nk) cell activity. this enzyme is hydrolysed by calpain, which is ca2+-dependent thiol proteinase. we showed here that in nk activity-deficient beige (bg/bg) mouse, the model of chediak-higashi syndrome, the translocated membrane-bound pkc activity declined rapidly in nk cell-enriched lymphocytes after tpa stimulation. however, the rapid decline was abolished by the pretr ...	1989	2541700
a ubiquitin carrier protein from wheat germ is structurally and functionally similar to the yeast dna repair enzyme encoded by rad6.	the rad6 gene from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a ubiquitin carrier protein (e2) required for a variety of cellular processes including dna repair, induced mutagenesis, and sporulation. here we identify an e2 from a higher plant, wheat, that is similar to rad6 with respect to both structure and in vitro substrate specificity. the protein was purified from wheat germ by a combination of ubiquitin covalent affinity chromatography and anion-exchange hplc and has an apparent molecular ...	1989	2557633
induction of an endogenous tumor necrosis factor in mice by murine recombinant interferon-gamma combined with a lipid a subunit analog (gla-60) of low toxicity.	we have investigated the endogenous production of a serum cytotoxic factor when recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) is combined with synthetic lipid a subunit analogs of low toxicity (gla compounds). the cytotoxic activity of the serum was measured by the crystal violet staining method with l929 cells as a target. intravenous administration of rifn-gamma followed by intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide induced the endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor in the serum. the pr ...	1989	2497979
characterization and expression of the human rhoh12 gene product.	the rho genes constitute an evolutionarily conserved family having significant homology to the ras oncogene family. these genes have been found in saccharomyces cerevisiae, drosophila melanogaster, rat, and human; their 21,000-dalton products show strong conservation of structure. in humans, three classes of rho cdna clones have been identified which differ by virtue of the presence of variable c-terminal domains: rhoh12, rhoh6, and rhoh9. the predicted 193 amino acids of human rhoh12 protein sh ...	1989	2501657
triacsin c: a differential inhibitor of arachidonoyl-coa synthetase and nonspecific long chain acyl-coa synthetase.	triacsins a, b, c, and d are newly discovered compounds isolated from the culture filtrate of streptomyces which are known to inhibit nonspecific long chain acyl-coa synthetase (ec 6.2.1.3.). these inhibitors have not been previously studied with regard to their effects on arachidonoyl-coa synthetase, an enzyme which specifically utilizes arachidonate and other icosanoid precursor fatty acids. to explore this question, we used triacsin c, a potent inhibitor of the nonspecific acyl-coa synthetase ...	1989	2505330
sequence analysis of mouse mitochondrial chloramphenicol-resistant mutants.	the nucleotide sequences of the 3' halves of the mitochondrial 16s rrna genes from four independent mouse chloramphenicol-resistant (cap-r) mutants were determined. each contained a different, single base change that encodes the mutational phenotype. the mitochondrial rrna gene from the sva31 cap-r mutant contains a g-to-a transition at nucleotide 2161 of the noncoding strand; the svis cap-r mutant, a g-to-a transition at position 2375; the la9 cap-r mutant, an a-to-t transversion at position 23 ...	1989	2471279
dna primase isolated from the yeast dna primase-dna polymerase complex. immunoaffinity purification and analysis of rna primer synthesis.	we have utilized immunoaffinity chromatography as a means of efficiently isolating a stable yeast dna primase from the dna primase-dna polymerase complex, allowing identification of the polypeptides associated with this dna primase activity and comparison of its enzymatic properties with those of the larger protein complex. a mouse monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the dna polymerase subunit was used to purify the complex. stable dna primase was subsequently separated from the complex ...	1989	2464600
translocation arrest by reversible folding of a precursor protein imported into mitochondria. a means to quantitate translocation contact sites.	passage of precursor proteins through translocation contact sites of mitochondria was investigated by studying the import of a fusion protein consisting of the nh2-terminal 167 amino acids of yeast cytochrome b2 precursor and the complete mouse dihydrofolate reductase. isolated mitochondria of neurospora crassa readily imported the fusion protein. in the presence of methotrexate import was halted and a stable intermediate spanning both mitochondrial membranes at translocation contact sites accum ...	1989	2529262
an essential yeast protein, encoded by duplicated genes tif1 and tif2 and homologous to the mammalian translation initiation factor eif-4a, can suppress a mitochondrial missense mutation.	we describe the isolation and characterization of two previously undescribed genes, tif1 and tif2, from saccharomyces cerevisiae. the protein-encoding sequences of the two genes are highly conserved, resulting in two completely identical proteins, whereas the flanking regions show no obvious homology. the two yeast proteins are highly similar to the translation initiation factor eif-4a from mouse. elevated gene dosage of tif1 or tif2 results in the suppression of a missense mutation in the mitoc ...	1989	2648398
yeast kex1 protease cleaves a prohormone processing intermediate in mammalian cells.	a vaccinia virus vector was used to express the yeast kex1 gene, which encodes a prohormone carboxypeptidase specific for the removal of basic amino acids from prohormone processing intermediates, in mammalian cells. when produced in bsc-40 cells, kex1p was localized to the perinuclear region and conferred a large increase in enzymatic activity characteristic of this carboxypeptidase. expression of the kex1 gene together with the yeast kex2 gene, which encodes a prohormone endopeptidase specific ...	1990	2193026
[effect of pepstatin a on candida albicans infection in the mouse].	the intravenous injection of 10(6) to 10(7) candida albicans cells revealed to be a reliable model in mice produce infections of the kidney. higher germ contents could be yielded in the kidney after the application of protease positive candida-strains as compared to protease negative ones. additionally, after the infection with protease positive strains a proteolytic activity could be found in the kidney homogenates in vitro on casein plates. the modulation of this candida infection by pepstatin ...	1990	2194852
vanadium: genetical and biochemical investigations.	ammonium metavanadate was studied for its ability to induce mitotic gene conversion and reverse point mutation in the d7 strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. metavanadate increased the convertant and revertant frequencies; the highest activity was observed without metabolic activation. this indicated that the s9 hepatic fraction and yeast cells in logarithmic phase (and containing a high level of cytochrome p450) biotransform vanadate, probably reducing it to vanadyl. in addition, the effect of a ...	1990	2200949
drosophila rna polymerase ii elongation factor dms-ii has homology to mouse s-ii and sequence similarity to yeast ppr2.	dmsii is a drosophila rna polymerase ii elongation factor which suppresses pausing by rna polymerase ii at specific sites on double stranded templates. using antibodies produced against the purified protein, a drosophila cdna expression library was screened and a cdna was isolated which encoded a portion of dmsii. when this cdna was used to probe kc cell mrna the predominant species was found to be 1.4 kb in length. the original cdna was used to screen a drosophila kc cell cdna library resulting ...	1990	2243775
cell-cycle aspects of growth and maturation of mammalian oocytes.	in this review, recent data concerning growth and maturation of nonmammalian and mammalian female germ cells are compiled with regard to the increased understanding of somatic cells mitotic cycles, from yeast to human tissues. these data allow us to conclude that growing oocytes of nonvertebrates, lower vertebrates, and mammals resemble somatic cells in the g1 phase of the mitotic cycle in their metabolic and cell cycle behavior. transcriptional and translational activity of growing oocytes and ...	1990	2264998
preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human hexokinase type i.	1. three different immunization protocols and several screening procedures were used to prepare seven mouse monoclonal antibodies to human placenta hexokinase type i. none of these monoclonals were able to recognize the native enzyme but all detected hexokinase when adsorbed onto polystyrene plates or on immunoblots after sds/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. all seven monoclonals recognize the two different subtypes of human hexokinase i equally well. limited tryptic digestion of hexokinas ...	1990	2280763
identification of ras-related, ypt family genes in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	screening for genes homologous to ras in schizosaccharomyces pombe resulted in the isolation of a homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae ypt1. this s. pombe gene, named ypt3, has a coding capacity of 214 amino acids interrupted by two introns, and is essential for cell growth. two more ypt1 homologs were isolated from s. pombe using a part of the ypt3 gene as the probe. one of them, named ypt1, is highly homologous to s. cerevisiae ypt1 and mouse ypt1 and is essential for cell growth. this gene has ...	1990	2328721
transcriptional activation domain of the muscle-specific gene-regulatory protein myf5.	the human muscle determination factor myf5, like myod and other members of the family of skeletal muscle-specific regulatory proteins, contains a highly conserved putative helix-loop-helix domain. in myod this motif is required for the initiation of myogenesis in c3h mouse 10t1/2 fibroblasts and other non-muscle cells as well as for transcriptional activation of muscle genes. high affinity dna binding of myod to regulatory dna elements in muscle genes requires the formation of heterodimers with ...	1990	2385294
transformation and ph homeostasis of fibroblasts expressing yeast h(+)-atpase containing site-directed mutations.	mouse fibroblasts expressing a yeast proton-pumping atpase show tumorigenic transformation (r. perona, and r. serrano, nature (london) 334:438-440, 1988). by expressing site-directed mutations of the yeast atpase with different levels of activity, a close correlation has been found between enzyme activity, tumorigenic transformation, and intracellular ph measured by weak-acid distribution. fibroblasts expressing the yeast proton-pumping atpase showed increased capability to grow at acidic ph and ...	1990	2142513
the hydrophilic and acidic n-terminus of the integral membrane enzyme phosphatidylserine synthase is required for efficient membrane insertion.	the product of the yeast cho 1 gene, phosphatidylserine synthase (pss), is an integral membrane protein that catalyses a central step in cellular phospholipid biosynthesis. a 1.2 kb fragment containing the regulatory and structural components of the cho 1 gene was sequenced. transcription initiation in wild-type cells was found to occur between -1 and -15 relative to the first atg of a large open reading frame capable of encoding a 30,804 molecular weight protein. this translation initiation sit ...	1990	2168611
cdna sequence of two distinct pituitary proteins homologous to kex2 and furin gene products: tissue-specific mrnas encoding candidates for pro-hormone processing proteinases.	based on the concept of sequence conservation around the active sites of serine proteinases, polymerase chain reaction applied to mrna amplification allowed us to obtain a 260-bp probe which was used to screen a mouse pituitary cdna library. the primers used derived from the cdna sequence of active sites ser* and asn* of human furin. two cdna sequences were obtained from a number of positive clones. these code for two similar but distinct structures (mpc1 and mpc2), each being homologous to yeas ...	1990	2169760
proton-linked sugar transport systems in bacteria.	the cell membranes of various bacteria contain proton-linked transport systems for d-xylose, l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-glucose, l-rhamnose, l-fucose, lactose, and melibiose. the melibiose transporter of e. coli is linked to both na+ and h+ translocation. the substrate and inhibitor specificities of the monosaccharide transporters are described. by locating, cloning, and sequencing the genes encoding the sugar/h+ transporters in e. coli, the primary sequences of the transport proteins have been ...	1990	2172229
effects of intraperitoneally administered dietary fibers on superoxide generation from peritoneal exudate macrophages in mice.	to clarify whether edible polysaccharides (dietary fibers) have a host defense stimulating activity, the effects of intraperitoneally administered dietary fiber on the generation of microbicidal superoxide anion (o2-) in mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages (mp) were investigated. mp obtained from mice injected cellulose or pectin generated larger amount of o2- when stimulated by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) or during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan than those from mice injected ...	1990	2177457
expression of translation initiation factor 4a from yeast and mouse in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4a (eif-4a) plays an important role in regulating initiation. to analyze its function in yeast, we carried out a mutational analysis of the tif1 and tif2 genes, which encode eif-4a. expression of these two yeast genes has also been investigated at the transcriptional level and it has been found that both are expressed in wild-type yeast cells. analysis of the expression of eif-4a-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins reveals that the tif2 gene is more hi ...	1990	2119809
phototumorigenesis studies of 5-methoxypsoralen in bergamot oil: evaluation and modification of risk of human use in an albino mouse skin model.	the skin of the female hairless albino mouse (skh 1) was used to study the enhancement of solar simulated radiation (ssr) tumorigenesis by 5-methoxypsoralen (5-mop) in model perfumes that contain bergamot oil. this work was done in association with yeast mutagenicity studies and human skin phototoxicity studies. analyses of time-to-onset of tumour observation with 5-mop at 0, 5, 15 and 50 ppm show a highly significant 5-mop dose effect and the data indicate that 5-mop has phototumorigenic potent ...	1990	2128326
transport of the yeast atp synthase beta-subunit into mitochondria. effects of amino acid substitutions on targeting.	we have isolated the yeast atp2 gene encoding the beta-subunit of mitochondrial atp synthase and determined its nucleotide sequence. a fusion between the n-terminal 15 amino acid residues of beta-subunit and the mouse cytosolic protein dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) was transcribed and translated in vitro and found to be transported into isolated yeast mitochondria. a fusion with the first 35 amino acid residues of beta-subunit attached to dhfr was not only transported but also proteolytically p ...	1990	2138017
specific interaction of the murine transcription termination factor ttf i with class-i rna polymerases.	the 18-base-pair sequence element aggtcgaccagtactccg (the sal box) signals termination of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. this sequence is recognized by a sequence-specific dna-binding protein, ttf i, which mediates the termination of transcription by rna polymerase i (pol i). subsequently, the ends of the primary transcripts are trimmed by 10 nucleotides in a sequence-dependent 3'-terminal processing reaction. we have now investigated whether ttf i bound to its target sequence will block el ...	1990	2181320
the use of historical data for identifying biologically unimportant but statistically significant results in genotoxicity assays.	the definition of a negative result is a problem in genetic toxicology. here we suggest that a result may be considered biologically unimportant (negative) if it falls within the limits of variation usually found in the negative controls of the particular test. to determine 'usual' variation, we have set 95% confidence limits on three indices of variation, calculated from historical values for duplicate negative control data from several genotoxicity tests. these tests showed four characteristic ...	1990	2188068
integration of heterologous genes into the chromosome of saccharomyces cerevisiae using a delta sequence of yeast retrotransposon ty.	distribution of a delta (delta) sequence of the ty element on a chromosome of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. more than 100 copies of the delta sequence were nonrandomly distributed on the chromosome. using the delta sequence as a recombination site, mouse alpha-amylase and human beta-endorphin genes were introduced into the chromosomal dna. the integration occurred on a particular chromosome in each case and the copy number was estimated as t ...	1990	1369269
a genomic clone encoding a novel proliferation-dependent histone h2a.1 mrna enriched in the poly(a)+ fraction.	replication-dependent histone mrnas are prime examples of nonpolyadenylated mrnas. we isolated and characterized cdnas and a genomic clone for a replication-dependent histone h2a.1 mrna which segregated into the poly(a)+ fraction during mrna isolation through an oligo(dt)-cellulose column. however, the results of sequencing of the genomic clone suggested that the mrna did not contain a poly(a) tail. instead, the genomic sequence revealed a nonterminal oligo(a) tract directly upstream from the ty ...	1990	1971418
ethyl carbamate metabolism: in vivo inhibitors and in vitro enzymatic systems.	the metabolism of ethyl carbamate and the localization of its metabolites have been shown to be almost completely inhibited by ethanol in the mouse [waddell, marlowe, pierce: food chem. toxicol.25, 527 (1987); yamamoto, pierce, hurst, chen, waddell: drug metab. dispos. 16, 355 (1988)]. the enzyme system catalyzing this metabolism which is inhibited by ethanol now has been further investigated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. there is a direct, highly significant relationship between the ext ...	1990	1974186
nucleotide sequence of mouse hsp60 (chaperonin, groel homolog) cdna.	the cdna sequence of the 60 kda heat-shock protein from mouse 3t3 cells has been determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of mouse hsp60 protein differs from the corresponding proteins from chinese hamster and human cells in 7 and 13 residues, respectively, most of which are conservative replacements.	1990	1979012
the effect of soluble glucan derivates on spleen colony-forming units in sublethally irradiated mice.	we examined the effects of 5 soluble derivatives of yeast glucan on the formation of exogenous (cfu-s) and endogenous (e-cfu) colony-forming units in the spleens of sublethally irradiated (60co, 6.5-7.0 gy) mice of two inbred strains. for the estimation of cfu-s, glucans were administered intravenously either to donors or recipients of spleen cells 24 h prior to irradiation or removal of the spleen. the number of cfu-s was increased when both the donors and recipients were treated with glucan; t ...	1990	2262172
molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression during cell differentiation and development.	one general point to emerge from this review is that each step in the pathway for gene expression from dna to final polypeptide via chromosome structure, primary transcript, mrna processing, stability, and translation is exploited in some developmental context as a means of regulation. moreover, there is little evidence that the regulation of different stages in this pathway is associated consistently with particular classes of genes or developmental processes: for example, homeotic and other re ...	1990	2090260
identification of the cbp1 polypeptide in mitochondrial extracts from saccharomyces cerevisiae.	cbp1 is a nuclearly encoded yeast protein required for stability of mitochondrial cytochrome b pre-mrna. previous studies have shown that cbp1 stabilizes the cytochrome b transcripts via interaction with the 5'-end. for the present study, both rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies against cbp1 were prepared using a trpe-cbp1 fusion polypeptide as a source of antigen. cbp1 was undetectable in a crude mitochondrial fraction from a wild-type strain by western blot assay, but a 66-kda im ...	1990	2104848
the yeast homolog to mouse tcp-1 affects microtubule-mediated processes.	a saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to drosophila melanogaster and mouse tcp-1 encoding tailless complex polypeptide 1 (tcp1) has been identified, sequenced, and mapped. the mouse t complex has been under scrutiny for six decades because of its effects on embryogenesis and sperm differentiation and function. tcp1 is an essential gene in yeast cells and is located on chromosome 4r, linked to pet14. the tcp1-encoded proteins in yeast, drosophila, and mouse cells share between 61 and 72% amino acid ...	1991	1901944
molecular cloning and characterization of interferon alpha/beta response element binding factors of the murine (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase me-12 gene.	seven clones encoding interferon response element binding factors have been isolated from a mouse fibroblast lambda gt11 cdna library by using a 32p end-labeled tandem trimer of the mouse (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase gene interferon response element as a probe. clone 16 shares strong similarity (95%) at both dna and amino acid level with yb-1, a human major histocompatibility complex class ii y-box dna-binding protein, and with dbpb, a human epidermal growth factor receptor gene enhancer reg ...	1991	1986360
expression and inducibility of drug-metabolizing enzymes in novel murine liver epithelial cell lines and their ability to activate procarcinogens.	four novel nontransformed epithelial cell lines, isolated from fetal or adult mouse liver, were tested: (a) to determine the profile of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes; (b) to evaluate the inducibility of the polysubstrate (cytochrome p-450-dependent) monooxygenase system by various classes of inducers; and (c) to assess the capacity of the cells to metabolize structurally different procarcinogens. with regard to the phase i pathway, the cells expressed various p-450 (class ia, ia2, iib, iie1, i ...	1991	1988092
identification of a cdna encoding a second putative prohormone convertase related to pc2 in att20 cells and islets of langerhans.	pc2 and furin are two recently identified members of a class of mammalian proteins homologous to the yeast precursor processing protease kex2 and the bacterial subtillisins. we have used the polymerase chain reaction to identify and clone a cdna (pc3) from the mouse att20 anterior pituitary cell line that represents an additional member of this growing family of mammalian proteases. pc3 encodes a 753-residue protein that begins with a signal peptide and contains a 292-residue domain closely rela ...	1991	1988934
properties and applications of human dna repair genes.	the importance of understanding dna repair processes is discussed in terms of the origins of human cancer. several human repair genes have been mapped to specific human chromosomes using somatic cell hybrids. it is noteworthy that 3 of these genes lie in the same region of chromosome 19: genes ercc1 and ercc2, which are involved in nucleotide excision repair, and xrcc1, which is involved in the repair of strand breaks. the genes xrcc1 and ercc2 were cloned from cosmid libraries prepared from dna ...	1991	2011139
mouse pulmonary cytochrome p-450 naphthalene hydroxylase: cdna cloning, sequence, and expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have isolated a cdna clone, nah-2, encoding the cytochrome p-450nah (naphthalene hydroxylase) from a mouse lung lambda zap cdna library using anti-cytochrome p-450nah igg as a probe. this same antibody selectively blocked [nagata, k., martin, b.m., gillette, j.r., & sasame, h.a. (1990) drug metab. dispos. 18, 557-564] the cytochrome p-450 in mouse lung microsomes that catalyzed the conversion of naphthalene to (1r,2s)-naphthalene 1,2-oxide, which has been postulated as a causative agent in th ...	1991	1742282
transfer of yeast artificial chromosomes from yeast to mammalian cells.	human dna can be cloned as yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs), each of which contains several hundred kilobases of human dna. this dna can be manipulated in the yeast host using homologous recombination and yeast selectable markers. in relatively few steps it is possible to make virtually any change in the cloned human dna from single base pair changes to deletions and insertions. in order to study the function of the cloned dna and the effects of the changes made in the yeast, the human dna mu ...	1991	1755830
recognition of the cdei motif gtcacatg by mouse nuclear proteins and interference with the early development of the mouse embryo.	we have reported previously (1) two unexpected consequences of the microinjection into fertilized mouse eggs of a recombinant plasmid designated p12b1, carrying a 343 bp insert of non-repetitive mouse dna. injected at very low concentrations, this plasmid could be established as an extrachromosomal genetic element. when injected in greater concentration, an early arrest of embryonic development resulted. in the present work, we have studied this toxic effect in more detail by microinjecting shor ...	1991	1766880
prohormone-converting enzymes: regulation and evaluation of function using antisense rna.	several putative peptide-processing endoproteases have been identified by homology to the yeast kex2 endoprotease, including furin, pc2, and pc1. however, the question is still open as to which might be involved in peptide posttranslational processing. to enable detailed comparisons of physiological changes in peptide processing with biochemical and molecular biological studies, we cloned rat pituitary cdnas for pc1 and pc2. the amino acid sequence homologies among rat, human, and mouse pc1, pc2 ...	1991	1791845
role of endogenously derived leukotrienes in the regulation of lysosomal enzyme expression in macrophages exposed to beta 1,3-glucan.	the expression of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase has been shown to be stimulated by the exposure of mouse macrophages to beta 1,3-glucan, a particulate component of yeast cell walls and zymosan particles. exposure of mouse peritoneal macrophages to particulate beta 1,3-glucan (100 micrograms/ml) was also found to stimulate the production of eicosanoids from both the cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin e2) and 5'-lipoxygenase (leukotriene c4) pathways. the objective of this study was to determine ...	1991	1825502
furin: the prototype mammalian subtilisin-like proprotein-processing enzyme. endoproteolytic cleavage at paired basic residues of proproteins of the eukaryotic secretory pathway.	furin, the translational product of the recently discovered fur gene, appears to be the first known mammalian member of the subtilisin family of serine proteases and the first known mammalian proprotein-processing enzyme with cleavage selectivity for paired basic amino acid residues. structurally and functionally, it resembles the prohormone-processing enzyme, kexin (ec 3.4.21.61), which is encoded by the kex2 gene of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. most likely, furin is primarily involved in th ...	1991	1843280
binary system for regulating transgene expression in mice: targeting int-2 gene expression with yeast gal4/uas control elements.	we have developed a binary transgenic system that activates an otherwise silent transgene in the progeny of a simple genetic cross. the system consists of two types of transgenic mouse strains, targets and transactivators. a target strain bears a transgene controlled by yeast regulatory sequences (uas) that respond only to the yeast transcriptional activator gal4. a transactivator strain expresses an active gal4 gene that can be driven by any selected promoter. the current paradigm uses the muri ...	1991	1846961
activation of polyomavirus dna replication by yeast gal4 is dependent on its transcriptional activation domains.	the polyomavirus replication origin contains transcriptional regulatory sequences. to determine how these elements function in dna replication, and to learn whether a common mechanism underlies the activation of transcription and dna replication, we tested whether a well-characterized transcriptional activator, yeast gal4, was capable of stimulating dna replication and transcription in the same mammalian cell line. we observed that gal4 activated polyomavirus dna replication in mouse cells when ...	1991	1849079
coupling of protein synthesis and mitochondrial import in a homologous yeast in vitro system.	we made use of a homologous cell-free mitochondrial protein import system derived from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the coupling of protein synthesis and import. mitochondrial precursor proteins were synthesized in a yeast lysate either in the presence or absence of isolated yeast mitochondria. we were, therefore, able to analyze protein import into mitochondria either in a strictly posttranslational reaction (when isolated mitochondria were added only after protein synthesi ...	1991	1849892
mammalian camp-dependent protein kinase functionally replaces its homolog in yeast.	the cdna encoding the catalytic subunit (c alpha) from mouse camp-dependent protein kinase (pk) was expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. by a plasmid swap procedure, we demonstrated that the mammalian c alpha subunit can functionally replace its yeast homolog to maintain the viability of a yeast strain containing genetic disruptions of the three tpk genes encoding the yeast c subunits. c alpha subunit produced in yeast was purified and its biochemical properties were determined. the protein is ...	1991	2022331
the yeast gal4 protein transactivates the polyomavirus origin of dna replication in mouse cells.	we have replaced the polyomavirus (py) enhancer, which is an essential component of the py origin of dna replication (ori), with five repeats of a 17-bp oligonucleotide including the yeast gal4 upstream activating sequence (5xgal4 sites). plasmids containing this modified py ori, designated test plasmids, and plasmids encoding either the gal4 transcriptional activator protein or various derivatives of this protein were cotransfected into mouse cells which constitutively synthesize a temperature- ...	1991	1645781
development of immunogenic recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus surface antigen.	recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbs) was constructed by inserting the hbs gene into the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene and was examined for its immunogenicity in guinea-pigs. the hbs gene encoding 25 amino acids of pres2 and the whole of the s region was inserted into the tk gene of the cloned plasmid. the chimeric plasmid dna and oka varicella vaccine dna were cotransfected and recombinant virus was isolated after immunofluorescence screen ...	1991	1646279
gastrointestinal candidiasis in a murine model of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.	a murine model of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (scid mice) affords an opportunity to study the interaction of candida albicans with a host lacking functional b- and t-cell mechanisms. we have previously reported no significant difference in yeast recovery after intravenous challenge of balb/c mice and scid mice with c. albicans (s. mahanty, r.a. greenfield, w.a. joyce, and p.w. kincade, infect. immun. 56:3162-3166, 1988). in this study, we evaluate the course of gastrointestinal can ...	1991	2037373