Publications

[behavior of spontaneous mouse tumors treated in vivo with year. v].		1951	14846186
the inhibitory action of some antimalarial drugs and related compounds on the hexokinase of yeast and of plasmodium berghei.	of various antimalarial compounds tested, only proguanil failed to inhibit yeast hexokinase. the metabolite of proguanil, 10,580, was an effective inhibitor. some compounds tested which were without antimalarial activity were potent inhibitors of yeast hexokinase. the degree of inhibition increased as the time during which the enzyme had been in contact with the drug increased, and the inhibitory action of mepacrine was reduced when the concentration of atp was raised. the inhibition of yeast he ...	1957	13413145
heteromorphic change of adult fibroblasts by ribonucleoproteins.	cultures of subcutaneous areolar fibroblasts from adult rats, when confronted in vitro with microsomes from rat liver or kidney, are changed heteromorphically so as to resemble cultures of nervous tissue. similar effects follow exposure to the deoxycholate-insoluble fraction of microsomes, and to purified rna from rat liver or from yeast. an equivalent ribonucleoside mixture has no heteromorphic effect. the degree of heteromorphosis can be related quantitatively to the amount of rna administered ...	1959	13630930
[therapeutic trials, using cyclophosphamide and yeast therapy, of an experimental mouse tumor induced with a cellular strain cultured in vitro].		1963	14122055
cofactor-dependent aldose dehydrogenase of rhodopseudomonas spheroides.	niederpruem, donald j. (university of california, berkeley), and michael doudoroff. cofactor-dependent aldose dehydrogenase of rhodopseudomonas spheroides. j. bacteriol. 89:697-705. 1965.-particulate enzyme preparations of cell extracts of rhodopseudomonas spheroides possess constitutive dehydrogenase and oxidase activities for aldose sugars, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh(2)), and succinate. the dehydrogenation of aldoses requires an unidentified cofactor which is not required ...	1965	14273648
intracellular growth of histoplasma capsulatum.	howard, dexter h. (university of california, los angeles). intracellular growth of histoplasma capsulatum. j. bacteriol. 89:518-523. 1965.-under a variety of experimental conditions, the generation time of histoplasma capsulatum in mammalian histiocytes was remarkably constant. the rate of intracellular growth of five different isolates of h. capsulatum was very similar. the generation time of the fungus within guinea pig cells was nearly the same as it was within mouse cells under comparable co ...	1965	14255722
mitochondrial rna from cultured animal cells. ii. a comparison of the high molecular weight rna from mouse and hamster cells.	discrete rna fractions sedimenting slightly slower than 18s ribosomal rna have been found in mitochondrial preparations from both hamster (bhk-21) and mouse (l-929) cells. this rna could be separated into two components, present in approximately equimolar amounts, by prolonged zonal centrifugation or acrylamide gel electrophoresis. the hamster components had sedimentation constants averaging 16.8 and 13.4, and molecular weights (estimated by gel electrophoresis) averaging 0.74 and 0.42 x 10(6) d ...	1970	4194651
metabolic activation of aryldialkyltriazenes in the mouse: induction of mitotic gene conversion in saccharomyces cerevisiae in the host-mediated assay.		1971	4947376
[the effects of low-dose x-irradiation and a yeast preparation (bio-strath) on the fertitliy of the white mouse].		1973	4718583
immunological responses to candida albicans. i. mouse-thigh lesion as a model for experimental candidiasis.	a mouse-thigh lesion model for experimental candidiasis is described. a standard inoculum of 5 x 10(8) yeast cells of candida albicans, injected into the thigh muscle of c57bl/ks mice, produced an easily measured thigh lesion that was self-limiting by 4 to 6 weeks, permitting a study of immunological responses to the infection. examination of the histopathology of the lesion reveals that the cellular infiltrate is predominately granulocytic, and gives little evidence for an active, specific, cel ...	1974	4598258
genetic activity spectra of some antischistosomal compounds, with particular emphasis on thioxanthenones and benzothiopyranoindazoles.	in this review we note that hycanthone (etrenol) is mutagenic for bacteriophage, bacteria, yeast, neurospora, drosophila, and for mammalian tissue culture cells, and we point out other genetic activities of this thioxanthenone and of related compounds. one alarming genetic activity is the ability of hycanthone to cause transformation of tissue culture cells in vitro in a test designed to detect carcinogens, results that parallel the direct demonstration of carcinogenic activity of hycanthone in ...	1975	1107580
[newer antimycotics. i. derivatives of phenyl-hydrazine (author's transl)].	the author produced a number of derivatives of phenyl-hydrazine and its analogues, investigated their antimicrobial efficiency in vitro, and discussed the association of chemical structure with the fungistatic effect in the series of phenyl-hydrazine-derivatives. from the author's results it can be concluded that the halogen-substituted phenyl-hydrazines and their n-(acetyl)-derivatives exert a moderate fungistatic effect (tab. 1). in the series of n-aryl-sulphonyl-n'-phenyl-hydrazines only the ...	1975	1099848
the distribution of pyrophosphatidic acid in nature.	the occurrence of a novel phospholipid, pyrophosphatidic acid, in the lipid extracts of yeasts (23 species), bacteria (e. coli), algae (chlorella), mammalia (human, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse), insect (cockroach), fish (carp), mollusc (clam), and spermatophyta (spinach) was investigated. pyrophosphatidic acid was found exclusively in the lipid extracts of several kinds of yeast species, but not in other normal living species (animals, plants, and microorganisms) so far investigated. all of th ...	1975	175047
chemistry and pharmacology of naproxen.	the need for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent effective in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis and related diseases with reduced side effects when compared to existing drugs led us to develop naproxen: d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid. this new agent is a highly effective anti-inflammatory, analgetic, and antipyretic agent in the rodent administered orally. in a rat paw edema test for anti-inflammatory activity naproxen was 55 times more active tha ...	1975	1173774
the primary structure of the major cytoplasmic valine trna of mouse myeloma cells.	this paper describes the derivation of the primary structure of the major valine trna in the cytoplasm of mouse myeloma cells. approximately 75% of the nucleotide sequence of this trna is also shared by the trna1-val of yeast, this homology serving as a further indication of the extreme conservation of the structures of the trnas of different eukaryotic organisms. a novel feature of mouse myeloma trna1-val is its loop iv sequence: -u-psi-c-g-m1a-a-a-. this particular loop iv sequence has not pre ...	1975	1091487
transfer of trnas to somatic cells mediated by sendai-virus-induced fusion.	trnas from yeast (trnaphe and 4s rna) and escherichia coli (suiii+ trnaityr) have been transferred to mouse cells by means of a two-step transfer procedure [loyter, zakai, and kulka (1975) j. cell biol. 66, 292-304; schlegel and rechsteiner (1975) cell 5, 371-379]. in the first stage of the transfer trnas were incorporated into rabbit red blood cells (rbcs). thereafter, the loaded erythrocytes were fused with recipient mouse cells by means of sendai virus. at least 0.3-0.4% of the total input of ...	1976	183211
[experimental candida vaginitis in the mouse (author's transl)].	manifest candida albicans infection of the vagina of mice was achieved only after oestrogen treatment. histologically, different phases of vaginal candidiasis could be observed: the mycotic infection began with a massive colonization of candida albicans in the horny layers of the vaginal epithelium and an early immigration of granulocytes. abscess-like changes followed when high number of yeast cells were used for infection. one to two weeks after onset the inflammatory changes decreased and fun ...	1976	1036880
severe generalized glutathione reductase deficiency after antitumor chemotherapy with bcnu" [1,3-bis(chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea].	patients receiving bcnu [1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] acquire a profound deficiency of erythrocytic oxidized glutathione reductase (gssg-r) within minutes after the first intravenous injection of a single therapeutic dose (75 mg/m.2) of the drug. this effect is not accompanied by changes in the activites of 19 additional erythrocytic enzymes tested, is reproducible in vitro in a dose-related manner, and is not caused by the antitumor agents administered concurrently with the nitrosourea ...	1977	870569
[autoradiography of the exchanges that can occur between murine sarcoma cells (bp 8) and yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae, complete or protoplast)].	we can tell after observing the resulting negative that yeasts are able, in our experimental conditions, to collect a sequence of adn and of arn proceeding from the cancerous cells. then, those yeasts could turn their synthesis towards the production of new materials. if those informed yeasts were introduced into a mouse, they would induce at the level of the immunocompetent cells a specific immunizing antitumoral power.	1977	145297
serum complement-like opsonic activities in human, animal, vegetable, and proprietary milks.	human, animal, proprietary, and soy milks are comparable to human serum c5 in opsonization of baker's yeast. bovine milk and human serum opsonically reconstitute c5-deficient mouse serum. such reconstitution is selectively inhibited by antiserum to human c5. further characterization suggests that bovine milk contains material structurally and functionally similar, but not identical, to human c5.	1977	323975
[factors influencing formation of dinitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron in vitro preparations of mouse liver and yeasts].	total content of fenh and its amounts incorporated into paramagnetic dinitrozyl complexes of fenh (complexes 2.03) which are formed in vitro in homogenates of mouse liver and yeast preparations treated with nitrogen oxide was determined by means of chemical and esr methods. formation of the complexes 2.03 in the liver homogenate is limited by the content of easily dyalized weakly bound fenh, in yeasts--by the content of pair rs-groups. it is suggested that in the liver preparation fenh incorpora ...	1977	198016
mutagenicity of industrial compounds. vii. styrene and styrene oxide: ii. point mutations, chromosome aberrations and dna repair induction analyses.	the possible genetic effects produced by styrene have been investigated by means of different methodologies in several biological organisms: (a) the induction of point mutation has been investigated in salmonella typhimurium (reverse mutation), in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe (forward mutation), both in vitro and in vivo, in the host-mediated assay of mice, and in the chinese hamster cell line grown in vitro (v-79) (forward mutation); (b) the induction of chromosome mutation has been inve ...	1978	366743
cryptococcus neoformans: pseudohyphal forms surviving culture with acanthamoeba polyphaga.	during experiments on the gastrointestinal tract as a possible portal of entry for cryptococcus neoformans, we occasionally observed the free-living amoeba, acanthamoeba polyphaga, growing in the presence of c. neoformans cultured from mouse feces. examination of the amoebic trophozoites revealed that they were engorged with yeast cells. over a period of 2 to 3 weeks of incubation, the amoebae apparently killed most of the yeast cells. some of the surviving c. neoformans cells formed atypical co ...	1978	352931
glucan induced modification of experimental staphylococcus aureus infection in normal, leukemic and immunosuppressed mice.	glucan, a beta 1 leads to 3 polyglucosidic component of saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to provide nonspecific resistance to s. aureus septicemia in akr/j mice. intravenous injection of glucan (0.45 mg/mouse) 7 and 4 days prior to intravenous challenge with s. aureus (1.0 x 10(9)) resulted in a significantly increased survival as compared to control mice. histological examination of the kidneys revealed that glucan decreased tissue necrosis associated with systemic staphy ...	1979	547728
classification of polyene antibiotics according to chemical structure and biological effects.	fourteen polyene antibiotics and six of their semisynthetic derivatives were compared for their effects on potassium (k(+)) leakage and lethality or hemolysis of either saccharomyces cerevisiae or mouse erythrocytes. these polyene antibiotics fell into two groups. group i antibiotics caused k(+) leakage and cell death or hemolysis at the same concentrations of added polyene. in this group fungistatic and fungicidal levels were indistinguishable. group i drugs included one triene (trienin); tetra ...	1979	393163
the intrasanguineous host-mediated assay procedure distribution and retention of yeast in the mouse.	a study of the factors that could affect a method to detect mutations in cells recovered from different organs after intravenous injection in mice, was performed by using the d4 strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recovery of the yeast cells 5 min to 3 days after injection in the host animal was investigated. the circulation, distribution and localization of the cells were determined, and histopathologic analysis was performed in order to detect possible interactions between the mice and the ...	1979	390379
complement and fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of normal and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.		1979	385329
pathogenicity of candida tropicalis and candida albicans after gastrointestinal inoculation in mice.	the ability of clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida tropicalis to invade through normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa was determined. adult mice were treated with either gentamicin or gentamicin and cytarabine. suspensions of yeast cells (10(7)) were administered through a catheter intraesophageally. invasion was determined by culturing liver, kidney, and lung tissue from mice sacrificed after 48 h. c. albicans and c. tropicalis were incapable of invading through normal gastro ...	1980	7011986
effect of fermentation conditions on toxin production by clostridium botulinum type b.	to obtain high yields of toxin for the preparation of purified neurotoxoids, we examined the time of appearance and the quantity of toxin produced by the bean strain of clostridium botulinum type b under various conditions by using a fermentor system. the medium employed consisted of 2.0% casein hydrolylsate and 1.5% yeast extract plus an appropriate concentration of glucose. the maximum toxin concentration (4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) mouse median lethal doses per ml) was attained within 48 h under ...	1980	7006503
marine biopolymers with cell specificity. ii. purification and characterization of agglutinins from mucus of windowpane flounder lophopsetta maculata.	the windowpane flounder, lophopsetta maculata, was found to have proteins in the body mucus which agglutinate mouse leukemia cells, l5784y but not l1210. they also agglutinate rabbit and mouse erythrocytes, a marine yeast and a bacterium, and have weak activity against mouse sarcoma 180 cells, human b, guinea pig, and horse erythrocytes. the hemagglutinating activity was not affected by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, trypsin, or pronase, but was inhibited by a high concentration of n-acet ...	1980	7378446
the use of organic solvents in mutagenicity testing.	13 organic substances (dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, dl-sec-amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,4-diethylene dioxide, acetone, methyl acetate and formamide) were considered from the standpoint of their use as solvents for water-insoluble chemicals to be tested for mutagenicity. first, the effect of these solvents on cell survival was studied in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe and in v79 chinese ha ...	1980	7432372
secondary structure comparisons between small subunit ribosomal rna molecules from six different species.	secondary structure models are presented for three pairs of small subunit ribosomal rna molecules. these are the 16s rrna from e. coli cytoplasmic and z. mays chloroplast ribosomes, the 18s rrna from s. cerevisiae and x. laevis cytoplasmic ribosomes, and the 12s rrna from human and mouse mitochondrial ribosomes. using the experimentally-established secondary structure of the e. coli 16s rrna as a basis, the models were derived both by searching for primary structural homology between the three c ...	1981	7024918
[topical anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate (author's transl)].	the anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate ointment (dv-17, 0.12%) was investigated by topical application in mice and rats, and the effects compared with those of dexamethasone (dx, 0.12%), betamethasone 17-valerate (bv-17, 0.12%), beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate (be, 0.025%) and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (hc, 0.1%) which were prepared with the same ointment base. dv-17 inhibited markedly the superficial inflammation such as increased vascular permeability induced by intrade ...	1981	7262708
macrophage antimicrobial activity: evidence for participation by lysosomes in the killing of saccharomyces cerevisiae by normal resident macrophages.	ammonium chloride added to normal resident mouse peritoneal macrophages reduced the rate of killing of ingested saccharomyces cerevisiae. it is suggested that this is attributable to the inhibition by ammonia of phagosome-lysosome fusion or of lysosomal protein degradation and that, consequently, lysosomal mechanisms contribute to the normal killing of these yeasts.	1981	7012023
effect of mouse phagocytes on candida albicans in in vivo chambers.	mouse phagocytic cells in in vivo diffusion chambers had either candidacidal or candidastatic activity depending on the kind of phagocyte studied, the type of mouse whence the phagocytes came, and whether the chamber inoculum of candida albicans consisted primarily of yeasts or hyphae. killing of c. albicans occurred when yeasts were placed into chambers with membranes with 3.0-micrometer pores and implanted intraperitoneally into normal mice or thymus-deficient (nude) mice. although c. albicans ...	1981	7014456
a general, fast, and sensitive micromethod for dna determination application to rat and mouse liver, rat hepatoma, human leukocytes, chicken fibroblasts, and yeast cells.		1981	7011093
sem studies of adherence of candida albicans to the gastrointestinal tract of infant mice.	in our earlier investigations it has been shown that the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of the infant mouse (4-5 days old) can be colonized following a single intragastric challenge with candida albicans. this makes it possible to investigate the sequence of events which occur during colonization of the gi tract by this opportunistic yeast. two strains of c. albicans, ca 30 and ns 33, which were shown in earlier studies to differ markedly in their ability to persist in the gi tract were examined. t ...	1981	7330594
electrochemical measurements of cell populations.	determination of cell growth was carried out by a polarographic system. the system was constructed of two platinum electrodes, a saturated calomel electrode, and a thermistor electrode. responses of the system to the dissolved oxygen, ph, and temperature were examined. cell growth of s. cerevisiae and m. olivoasterospora was monitored continuously by this system. in addition, this polarographic system could be applied to the measurements of cell populations of the human cancer cell l-1210 and mo ...	1981	7020542
different nucleotide changes in the large rrna gene of the mitochondrial dna confer chloramphenicol resistance on two human cell lines.	the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in the region coding for the 3' end of the large rrna has been determined for two human cell lines bearing independent cytoplasmic chloramphenicol-resistant (cap-r) mutations. comparison of the sequences of these two phenotypically different cap-r mutants with their cap-sensitive (cap-s) parental cell lines has revealed a single base change for each in a region which is highly conserved among species. one cap-r mutation is associated with ...	1981	6273808
experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice: morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cellular immune response.	the present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6 x 10(5) yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) by the direct intratracheal route. the sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay - mif assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. all infected animal showed pulmonary pbmycosi ...	1982	7040974
microbial mutation studies with tetrachlorvinphos (gardona)).	the mutagenic activity of tetrachlorvinphos was investigated in agar-layer cultures of escherichia coli wp2 and wp2 uvra, salmonella typhimurium ta1535, ta1538, ta98 and ta100. assays were carried out both in the presence and in the absence of s9 fractions of liver homogenates from rats and mice, both from untreated animals, and from animals pre-treated with aroclor 1254. the induction of mitotic gene conversion by tetrachlorvinphos was studied in stationary phase cultures of the yeast saccharom ...	1982	6752704
a comparative study of gastric mucin and commercial baker's yeast as virulence-enhancing agents in the typhoid mouse protection test.		1982	6175648
a novel repeated element with z-dna-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes.	by southern blotting and hybridization analysis using 32p-labeled poly(dt-dg) . poly(dc-da) as a probe, we have found, in eukaryotic genomes, a huge number of stretches of dt-dg alternating sequence, a sequence that has been shown to adopt the z-dna conformation under some conditions. this sequence was found in all eukaryotic genomes examined from yeast to human, indicating extraordinary evolutionary conservation. the number of the sequence ranged from about 100 in yeast to tens of thousands in ...	1982	6755470
analysis of dnas from two species of the virilis group of drosophila and implications for satellite dna evolution.	the dnas from two virilis group species of drosophila, d. lummei and d. kanekoi, have been analyzed. d. lummei dna has a major satellite which, on the basis of cscl equilibrium centrifugation, thermal denaturation, renaturation and in situ hybridization is identical to d. virilis satellite i. d. kanekoi dna has a major satellite at the same buoyant density in neutral cscl gradients as satellite iii of d. virilis. however, on the basis of alkaline cscl gradients, the satellite contains a major an ...	1982	7182128
experimental oral infection with the yeast candida albicans in mice with or without inherited iron-deficiency anaemia (sla).	the role of iron deficiency in the development of oral candidosis was investigated using the mouse mutant sex-linked anaemia (sla). susceptibility was assessed in terms of the recovery of organisms, particularly from oral swabs, and histological evidence of infection approximately 10 days after the last exposure to candida albicans. the influence of three factors was studied in mixed groups of normal and anaemic mice: mode of inoculation, treatment with tetracycline and treatment with hydrocorti ...	1982	6956263
sequence analysis of mitochondrial dna in a mouse cell line resistant to chloramphenicol and oligomycin.	a mouse l-cell line, designated 111-ob3, is described which is resistant to two drugs, chloramphenicol and oligomycin. the cells contain two types of mitochondrial dna molecules, in roughly equal proportions, which differ in that one is cleaved by endonuclease ecori at a novel site within the coding sequence for subunit 6 of the mitochondrial atpase (atpase-6). sequence analysis reveals that the cleavage site was created by a single transversion which predicts a replacement of valine in the wild ...	1983	6227806
ingestion of yeast forms of sporothrix schenckii by mouse peritoneal macrophages.	the ingestion by thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages of yeast forms of two strains of sporothrix schenckii was studied. yeast forms opsonized with concanavalin a (cona) were extensively phagocytized, and the phagocytic indexes depended on the concentration of cona and apparently on the number of lectin receptors at the yeast surface as well. neuraminidase treatment of s. schenckii increased the ingestion of unopsonized yeasts 7.7-fold. the addition of monosaccharides and derivati ...	1983	6832808
isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the dna repair enzyme uracil dna glycosylase from human placenta.	a series of monoclonal antibodies has been prepared against the base excision repair enzyme uracil dna glycosylase isolated from human placenta. spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified human placental uracil dna glycosylase were fused with either p3x63 ag8.653 or sp2/0 myeloma cells. hybridomas producing antibodies directed against the placental glycosylase were identified in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. each positive hybridoma was cloned twice by limit dilution and tested ...	1983	6577457
the role of the mannose/n-acetylglucosamine receptor in the pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase by mouse peritoneal macrophages.	saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan inhibits the pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) by resident, thioglycollate-,proteose peptone-, and corynebacterium parvum-elicited macrophages from 30 to 70% when 1 mg/ml hrp is used, and 65 to 87% when 250 micrograms/ml hrp is used. in contrast, hrp uptake by j774 cells, a macrophage cell line reported to have little mannose receptor activity, is inhibited only about 25% by mannan. hrp uptake by resident and thioglycollate-elicited (thio) macrophages is ...	1983	6304124
non-acidic pyrazoles: inhibition of prostaglandin production, carrageenan oedema and yeast fever.	prostaglandin production from mouse peritoneal macrophages was elicited by the tumour promoter 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa). the inhibitory potency (ic50) of metamizole and its major metabolites as well as other non-acidic pyrazoles was defined in this system. a reliable ic50-value could not be assigned to metamizole. isopropylaminophenazone was as active as acetylsalicylic acid while aminophenazone and methylaminophenazone, the major metabolites of metamizole, were about 10 times ...	1983	6604402
isolation and characterization of sequences from mouse chromosomal dna with ars function in yeasts.	fragments of chromosomal dna from a variety of eucaryotes can act as arss (autonomously replicating sequence) in yeasts. arss enable plasmids to be maintained in extrachromosomal form, presumably because they function as initiation sites for dna replication. we isolated eight different sequences from mouse chromosomal dna which function as arss in saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast). although the replication efficiency of the different mouse arss in yeasts appears to vary widely, about one- ...	1983	6361521
preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: genetic toxicity tests.	acyclovir (acv), an antiviral drug active in the treatment of oral and genital herpes infections, has been evaluated for mutagenic and carcinogenic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo short-term assays. negative results were obtained in the following in vitro tests: ames salmonella, plate incorporation and preincubation modification assays; e. coli pola+/pola- dna repair; yeast (s. cerevisiae d4) gene conversion; chinese hamster ovary cells (hgprt, aprt loci and ouabain-resistance mar ...	1983	6662301
dissociation of a hydrophobic surface from phagocytosis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans.	cryptococcus neoformans is surrounded by a capsular polysaccharide that inhibits phagocytosis of the yeast by macrophages. this capsular polysaccharide also confers several physicochemical properties to the cell surface, including a negative surface charge and a hydrophilic surface. the present study was designed to determine whether a hydrophobic surface was necessary or sufficient for phagocytosis of c. neoformans cells. the hydrophobic nature of the cell surface was measured by hydrophobic in ...	1983	6341232
[metabolic activation of promutagens in the yeast-microsome test. ii. activation of cyclophosphamide and 2-aminofluorene].	the effect of recombinogenic and mutagenic activation of promutagens, cyclophosphamide and 2-aminofluorene was studied in s9 mouse liver preparations. cyclophosphamide was activated to induce reversions of an ochre mutation and heteroallelic reversion in yeast tester strains r2089-15v-p4 and p3288, respectively. metabolic activation of this chemical was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of mice with aroglor--1254. 2-aminofluorene was a potent recombinogen after metabolic activation, but proved a ...	1983	6343182
studies on mutagenicity of 2 bronchodilators under development in cuba.	2 pyridoquinazolones, 2-amino-11h-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one (2-apq) and 11h-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one (pq), under development as anti-asthma drugs, were studied for mutagenicity. 2-apq was found to be a strong mutagen in 5 strains of salmonella typhimurium and a mild one in the forward-mutation system of the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. furthermore, 2-apq had strong clastogenic effects in mouse bone marrow. because of these results, development of 2-apq as a bronchodilator was stop ...	1983	6343851
effect of formalin on the survival of systemic fungi in tissue.	stock cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum and sporothrix schenckii were grown in yeast phase on sabouraud dextrose agar. standardized suspensions (10(8) colony forming units/ml) were made and 1. the organisms treated for various times with 10% formalin/acetate buffer; 2. aliquots injected into the tail veins of swiss-webster mice. minimal fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations of formalin were also determined. five minutes or ...	1983	6350884
possible ideal lac operator: escherichia coli lac operator-like sequences from eukaryotic genomes lack the central g x c pair.	five dna fragments have been cloned from yeast, chicken, and mouse dna that titrate lac repressor in an escherichia coli lac+ i+z+ wild-type strain when on a multi-copy plasmid. the five repressor-binding sequences have been identified by dna sequence determinations and dnase cleavage-inhibition patterns. they share the 14-base-pair symmetrical consensus sequence 5' t-g-t-g-a-g-c:g-c-t-c-a-c-a 3' (the colon represents the center of symmetry), which is an inverted repeat of 7 base pairs of the le ...	1984	6369330
secondary structure of mouse 28s rrna and general model for the folding of the large rrna in eukaryotes.	we present a secondary structure model for the entire sequence of mouse 28s rrna (1) which is based on an extensive comparative analysis of the available eukaryotic sequences, i.e. yeast (2, 3), physarum polycephalum (4), xenopus laevis (5) and rat (6). it has been derived with close reference to the models previously proposed for yeast 26s rrna (2) and for prokaryotic 23s rrna (7-9). examination of the recently published eukaryotic sequences confirms that all pro- and eukaryotic large rrnas sha ...	1984	6374617
d-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases from animals and yeast.	the d-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases partially purified from animals (rat, mouse, and chicken) and baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) were investigated by the assay system with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a coupling enzyme. with low km hexokinases in animal tissues and cells, the ratios of vmax for the beta-anomer to vmax for the alpha-anomer (v beta/v alpha) were within a range from 1.3 to 1.5. in yeast, the v beta/v alpha value was 1.1 for hexokinase a, 0.8 for hexok ...	1984	6376115
dna polymerase i and dna primase complex in yeast.	chromatographic analysis of poly(dt) replication activity in fresh yeast extracts showed that the activities required co-fractionate with the yeast dna polymerase i. since poly(dt) replication requires both a primase and a dna polymerase, the results of the fractionation studies suggest that these two enzymes might exist as a complex in the yeast extract. sucrose gradient analysis of concentrated purified yeast dna polymerase i preparations demonstrates that the yeast dna polymerase i does sedim ...	1984	6376490
nadph-generating system: influence on microsomal mono-oxygenase stability during incubation for the liver-microsomal assay with rat and mouse s9 fractions.	activity levels of 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ed), aminopyrine n-demethylase (apd), p-nitroanisole o-demethylase (p-nad) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pdh) were determined in incubation mixtures for the liver-microsomal assay (lma) at time 0 and after 1 and 2 h incubation under conditions for mutagenic assay. the experiments were performed with s9 liver fractions from mice (induced with na-phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone) and rats (induced with aroclor 1254) with and witho ...	1984	6392864
pyrvinium pamoate lacks in vivo genotoxicity in the colon.	pyrvinium pamoate, a widely used anthelmintic drug, has been previously tested for genotoxicity with equivocal results. assays with bacterial or yeast test strains yielded positive results while in vitro tests with mammalian cells yielded negative results. in this study, the genotoxicity of pyrvinium was studied in vivo in the mouse colon, the therapeutic site of action of this agent. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh), a colon carcinogen, was tested simultaneously as a positive control. the colonic nu ...	1984	6740678
the cleavable prepiece of an imported mitochondrial protein is sufficient to direct cytosolic dihydrofolate reductase into the mitochondrial matrix.	the cleavable prepiece of the precursor to yeast cytochrome c oxidase subunit iv (an imported mitochondrial protein) was attached to the amino-terminus of mouse dihydrofolate reductase (a cytosolic protein) by gene fusion. the resulting fusion protein was imported into the matrix of isolated, energized yeast mitochondria and cleaved to a polypeptide whose size was similar to that of authentic dihydrofolate reductase.	1984	6096170
genetic effects of procarbazine in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain d4.	procarbazine ( pcz ) was tested for its ability to induce mitotic gene conversions at the ade and trp loci of saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain d4. the influence of the following factors was examined: growth phase of the yeast cells (log vs stationary phase), ph of the treatment solution, and addition of mouse s9 fractions prepared from different organs. the drug was found more toxic and mutagenic at low doses (up to 25 mg/ml) for log phase cells, and scarcely toxic but highly mutagenic, even at ...	1984	6145225
sequence homology and structural similarity between cytochrome b of mitochondrial complex iii and the chloroplast b6-f complex: position of the cytochrome b hemes in the membrane.	the amino acid sequences of cytochrome b of complex iii from five different mitochondrial sources (human, bovine, mouse, yeast, and aspergillus nidulans) and the chloroplast cytochrome b6 from spinach show a high degree of homology. calculation of the distribution of hydrophobic residues with a "hydropathy" function that is conserved in this family of proteins implies that the membrane-folding pattern of the 42-kilodalton (kda) mitochondrial cytochromes involves 8-9 membrane-spanning domains. th ...	1984	6322162
synergistic interaction of baker's yeast and iron in the enhancement of bacterial virulence.	the virulence-enhancing interaction of baker's yeast and different iron preparations (ferric ammonium citrate and iron dextran) was tested in mice challenged with salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae (inaba and ogawa) strains. the virulence-enhancing effect of the yeast + iron combination increased significantly as compared to that of either yeast or iron alone. toxicity assays of the single and combined baker's yeast and iron preparations by the mouse weight gain test have shown that the combin ...	1984	6393682
effect of mycolase and amphotericin b on candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis in vitro and in vivo.	a mixture of enzymes (mycolase) capable of lysing yeast cell walls was prepared from culture filtrates of physarum polycephalum. the enzymes present in mycolase included chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanases and exo-glycosidases. the ph optima of these enzymes were in the range 3.5-5.0 and they had low activities at ph 7.0. mycolase produced spheroplasts from candida pseudotropicalis and, unlike commercial enzyme preparations such as l1, chitinase, beta, 1,3-glucanase and beta-glucosidase, had some can ...	1985	3895468
virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide.	cryptococcus neoformans is variably encapsulated in vitro, whereas in tissues it develops a large capsule. we observed that cells of a strain with thin capsules, when growing in a standard fungal culture medium, became heavily encapsulated when incubated in serum-free cell culture medium (dulbecco's modified eagle's medium [dme]). capsule size was quantitated physically by measuring cell volume, and chemically by determining the content of a capsular monosaccharide, glucuronate. the co2/hco-3 co ...	1985	3928681
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences of cdnas specific for rat liver ribosomal proteins s17 and l30.	cdna clones coding for rat liver ribosomal proteins s17 and l30 have been isolated by positive hybridization-translation assay from a cdna library prepared from 8-9s poly(a)+rna from free polysomes of regenerating rat liver. the cdna clone specific for s17 protein (prs17-2) has a 466-bp insert with the poly(a) tail. the complete amino acid (aa) sequence of s17 protein was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cdna. s17 protein consists of 134 aa residues with an mr of 15 377. the n-termina ...	1985	3840111
photochemotherapy using pyridopsoralens.	aiming to decrease the acute side effects and genotoxic hazards of puva, pyrido (3,4-c) psoralen (pp) and 7-methyl pyrido (3,4-c) psoralen (mpp) were synthesized and studied. their uva maximum absorption lies at 325 and 330 nm, respectively. their photostability is comparable to that of 8-mop. they complex to dna in the dark, and, in the presence of uva, produce only monoadditions to dna, as shown by fluorescence and dna denaturation-renaturation studies. in diploid eukaryotic yeast they are mor ...	1985	3899194
in-vitro killing of candida species by murine immunoeffectors and its relationship to the experimental pathogenicity.	killing of yeast cells of several species of candida by murine phagocytic cells was assessed in vitro by a radiolabel release microassay and measurement of colony forming units. the most effective candidacidal phagocytes, i.e. polymorphonuclear and bone marrow cells, were able to kill equally well cells of any species or isolate tested, given sufficient time (4 h) and an appropriate effector: target ratio. however, c. guilliermondii, c. krusei and c. parapsilosis were killed by polymorphonuclear ...	1985	3906948
studies of human natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf): characterization and analysis of its mode of action.	soluble natural killer cytotoxic factors (nkcf) have been detected in the supernatant of normal mouse, rat, and human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 to 3 days in serum-free medium. stimulation of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) with nk-sensitive targets or mitogens has resulted in high levels of nkcf production. previous studies in the mouse and human systems have analyzed the cells responsible for production, specificity, and general characteristics of nkcf. in the present study, using ...	1985	3898750
effect of in vivo administration of different adjuvants on the in vitro candidacidal activity of mouse peritoneal cells.	the candidacidal activity (ca) of peritoneal cells (pc) in vitro was used as a measure of nonspecific microbicidal activity of phagocytes after intraperitoneal injection of mice with different adjuvants. dilutions of pc were incubated with constant numbers of c. parapsilosis in a 96-well culture plate. the pc number causing 50% reduction of yeast colonies formed after 48 hr at 37 degrees c was called 1 ca50 unit. ca was expressed in ca50 units per 10(6) pc. optimal reduction of the number of via ...	1985	3967300
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 and the regulation of the differentiation and function of macrophages and granulocytes.	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25(oh)2d3) exerts a differential inhibitory effect on the formation of granulocyte, granulocyte/macrophage, and macrophage colonies grown from mouse bone marrow precursor cells; 50% inhibition was attained at 1.1, 2.3, and 23 nm 1,25(oh)2d3, respectively. the inhibition of colony formation, as well as phagocyte proliferation in liquid cultures, requires the presence of 1,25(oh)2d3 in the early stages of culture (up to 72 h after culture initiation). 1,25(oh)2d3 induce ...	1985	3839007
polypeptide structure of dna primase from a yeast dna polymerase-primase complex.	an immunoaffinity chromatographic procedure was developed to purify dna polymerase-dna primase complex from crude soluble extracts of yeast cells. the immunoabsorbent column is made of mouse monoclonal antibody to yeast dna polymerase i covalently linked to protein a-sepharose. purification of the complex involves binding of the complex to the immunoabsorbent column and elution with concentrated mgcl2 solutions. after rebinding to the monoclonal antibody column free primase activity is selective ...	1985	3888995
antitumor effect of the yeast polysaccharide preparation in syngeneic mouse tumor models.	antitumor effect of our candida utilis glucomannan preparation (yps) was evaluated in two syngeneic transplantable tumors; the lewis lung carcinoma (3ll) in c57bl/6 (b6) mice and the 3-methylcholanthrene (mca)-induced fibrosarcoma in c3h/he mice. yps inhibited preferentially the 3ll pulmonary metastases only when optimal dosage was given at an earlier stage; 7 daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 100 mg/kg per dose from the next day of tumor inoculation (1 x 10(5)/mouse, subcutaneously, s.c.) s ...	1985	4040663
analytic study of the differential anticomplementary effects of dextran sulphate and heparin in the assay for the mouse alternative pathway.	in a recent paper, a linkage between immunological adjuvant activity in mice and in vitro anticomplementary (alternative pathway assay) effects was described for different polyanions. this connection was found only if mouse serum was used as a complement (c) source. in order to investigate the possible role of c in adjuvant activity, the differential effects of polyanions on mouse c were studied in detail. for this study, substances with different activity were selected, namely dextran sulphate ...	1985	2412967
ty element transposition: reverse transcriptase and virus-like particles.	we have found reverse transcriptase activity and virus-like particles only in yeast cells that contain a galactose-promoted ty element induced on galactose. the cofractionation of reverse transcriptase, genomic-length ty rna, and a ty-specified protein antigen in a particulate fraction and the ability of this complex to synthesize specifically a product that is homologous to the entire ty suggest that reverse transcription of ty rna takes place in the particle. the absence of appreciable levels ...	1985	2411424
natural killer (nk) cell activating factor released from murine thymocytes stimulated with an anti-tumor streptococcal preparation, ok-432.	natural killer (nk) activity of mouse splenocytes was significantly augmented when the splenocytes were incubated for 3 to 4 hr with culture supernatants of mouse thymocytes stimulated by ok-432, an antitumor preparation from the streptococcus pyogenes su-strain. antiviral activity was also detected in the culture supernatants, but il 2 activity was not. when the culture supernatants of thymocytes stimulated by ok-432 were fractionated on a column of blue sepharose cl-6b, nk enhancing activity a ...	1985	2578148
characterization of ouabain-resistant mutants of the preadipocyte ob17 clonal line. adipose conversion in vitro and in vivo.	after exposure to a mutagenic drug (ethylmethanesulfonate), mutant clones of ob17 preadipose cells resistant to the cytotoxic action of ouabain have been isolated. their ability to grow in serum-supplemented medium containing greater than or equal to 3 mm ouabain is consistent with the decreased ouabain sensitivity of k+ transport observed in one of these clones (ob17-or11). ouabain-resistant mutants retain their ability to convert into adipose-like cells in vitro with a frequency similar to tha ...	1985	2981694
general recombination mechanisms in extracts of meiotic cells.	reca-like proteins have been purified from somatic and meiotic cells of mouse and lily. the rec proteins have been designated "s-rec" and "m-rec" to indicate their respective tissues of origin. the two proteins differ in molecular weight and in their response to temperature, the latter being consistent with the optimal temperature for physiological function of their tissues of origin. there is a major increase in m-rec protein with the entry of cells into meiosis, the peak of activity being earl ...	1985	2935376
[natural interferon inducers: double-stranded rna of killer plasmids of saccharomyces cerevisiae].	methods for isolation and purification of yeast double spiral rna (dsrna) are described. the most simple method includes reprecipitation of dsrna in solutions of lithium chloride and its interphase distribution in the system of chloroform: isoamilic alcohol: water. preparations with the content (w/w) of dsrna from 30 to 90 per cent were obtained. they possess a high interferon-inducing activity and an antiviral effect on the experimental infection caused by the virus of mouse encephalomyocarditi ...	1985	2986543
mutagenicity studies on tiopronin.	alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine (tiopronin, mucolysin), a drug endowed with an interesting mucolytic activity, was tested for mutagenicity by means of the following in vitro and in vivo tests: mutagenesis on s. typhimurium with and without metabolic activation, genetic mutation on s. pombe p1 with and without metabolic activation, gene conversion on s. cerevisiae d4 with and without metabolic activation, urinary assay in the mouse with s. cerevisiae d4, host mediated assay in the mouse with s. ce ...	1986	3545224
potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures.	interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ...	1986	2875188
increased proliferative activity in selenium-deficient mouse liver.	male albino nmri mice were fed a selenium-deficient (se-), torula yeast-based diet containing less than 10 ppb se for at least 2 months (se-) while a control group received the same diet supplemented (se+) with 330 ppb se as na2seo3. the se-(-)animals showed multiple enzyme modulations of liver enzyme activities indicating that they were in a severely se- state. no significant difference in the basic dna synthesis rate of se-(-)animals compared to se+ controls was measured. however, when liver c ...	1986	2945649
the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone containing the entire coding region for mouse x-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase.	a clone containing cdna for x chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk-1) was isolated from a mouse myeloma cdna library. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cdna has been determined, and the amino acid (aa) sequence of the enzyme thereby deduced. at the nt level, the coding region of mouse pgk cdna has 93% homology with human x-linked cdna and 60% homology with the yeast gene. mouse pgk-1 protein contains 416 aa and is 98%, 96% and 64% homologous with human, horse, and yeast enzyme sequen ...	1986	3542714
suppressive effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in vitro on phagocytosis by murine macrophages.	incubation of normal mouse peritoneal cells consisting of over 90% phagocytizing macrophages with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) resulted in a inhibition of phagocytic function. the thc in a dose-related manner suppressed the percentage of macrophages per culture which ingested yeast and the average number of yeast particles ingested by the phagocytizing macrophages. the vehicle used to suspend the thc in vitro, i.e., dmso, had no detectable effect on macrophage function. suppression of phag ...	1986	3010329
tetrahydrocannabinol-induced suppression of macrophage spreading and phagocytic activity in vitro.	the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) on several parameters of macrophage function in vitro were assessed. delta 9 thc added to cultures of normal mouse peritoneal cells in vitro affected the ability of the cells to spread on glass surfaces and also had some effect on their ability to phagocytize yeast. these effects were dose related. a concentration of 20 micrograms of thc almost completely inhibited macrophage spreading, but it also decreased viability and the total number of these cells. ...	1986	3011935
the reproductive effects assessment group's review of the mutagenicity of vinylidene chloride.	a large number of studies indicate that vinylidene chloride is mutagenic to bacteria and that this activity is largely dependent on microsomal activation. vinylidene chloride gave positive results for gene reversion and conversion in yeast that was also dependent on metabolic activation, and was positive in tradescantia. in mammalian systems, vinylidene chloride failed to induce gene mutations in v79 cells at two separate loci, failed to induce chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow in viv ...	1986	3510861
enhancement of streptococcus faecalis infection and complement depletion in yeast-treated mice.	enhancement of streptococcus faecalis infection and lowering of the complement level have been demonstrated in mice injected with a heat-treated suspension of baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). the leucocyte response to the infection was not affected. the yeast preparation showed, in vitro, an intense anti-complementary activity on mouse serum and interfered with the microbial killing function of the mouse peritoneal macrophages. no significant stimulation of the growth of s. faecalis in ...	1986	3095490
macrophage-mediated fungistasis in vitro: requirements for intracellular and extracellular cytotoxicity.	macrophage cytotoxicity for cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by culturing mouse peritoneal macrophages with a thin-capsuled clone of cryptococcus under conditions permitting efficient phagocytosis. yeast replication was quantitated by electronic particle counting after detergent lysis of macrophages, and viability was determined by quantitative plate counts. under appropriate conditions, reproduction was completely inhibited; stasis began at 2 hr after addition of yeasts and lasted for 3 ...	1986	3510251
molecular cloning of cdna for the nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle c proteins: a conserved gene family.	the c proteins, c1 and c2, are major constituents of the heterogeneous nuclear rna (hnrna) ribonucleoprotein (hnrnp) complex in vertebrates. c1 and c2 are antigenically related phosphoproteins that are in contact with hnrna in intact cells and bind to rna tightly in vitro. a cdna clone for the c proteins was isolated by immunological screening of a human lambda gt11 expression vector cdna library with monoclonal antibodies. the lacz-cdna fusion protein is recognized by two different anti-c prote ...	1986	3457372
hv1 is an evolutionarily conserved h2a variant that is preferentially associated with active genes.	polyclonal antibodies to the tetrahymena macronuclear-specific histone variant hv1 cross-react with histone-like molecules from yeast, wheat, and mouse. a novel purification scheme has allowed isolation of sufficient hv1 to enable determination of the sequence of 61 amino-terminal residues as well as 27 additional internal residues. these data clearly demonstrate that hv1 shares a number of conserved sequence elements with the h2a family of histones. comparison of hv1 with h2a.f (= h2a.z = m1), ...	1986	3944120
moloney murine sarcoma virus encoded p37mos expressed in yeast has protein kinase activity.	we describe the expression of the moloney murine sarcoma virus env-mos protein (p37mos) in yeast under the control of the yeast gal1 promoter. consistent with our previous results concerning the p37mos protein kinase made in virus infected mouse cells, p37mos produced in yeast possesses autophosphorylation activity in an immune complex kinase assay using anti-mos (37-35) serum.	1986	3014729
a chicken-yeast chimeric beta-tubulin protein is incorporated into mouse microtubules in vivo.	the role of divergent primary sequences in restricting tubulin function was tested in vivo by a gene transfection experiment. a chicken-yeast chimeric beta-tubulin dna was introduced into 3t3 cells using the transfection vector psv2. the 5' end of this gene, from chicken, is similar but not identical with that of mouse beta-tubulins; the 3' end, from yeast, contains a carboxyl terminus that is very different from other known beta-tubulin sequences. the chimeric protein is incorporated efficientl ...	1986	3753663
both atp and an energized inner membrane are required to import a purified precursor protein into mitochondria.	we have investigated the energy requirement of mitochondrial protein import with a simplified system containing only isolated yeast mitochondria, energy sources and a purified precursor protein. this precursor was a fusion protein composed of 22 residues of the cytochrome oxidase subunit iv pre-sequence fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase. import of this protein required not only an energized inner membrane, but also atp. atp could be replaced by gtp, but not by ctp, ttp or non-hydrolyzable a ...	1987	3036490
histoplasma capsulatum fails to trigger release of superoxide from macrophages.	the yeast form of the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum survives within macrophages after phagocytosis. to do so, it must avoid, inhibit, or resist a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites. using ferricytochrome c reduction to assay superoxide release, we examined the response of mouse macrophages to the yeast form of various h. capsulatum strains. doses of zymosan as low as 20 particles per macrophage elicited superoxide, whereas h. capsulatum failed to induce superoxide even at 160 yeast ce ...	1987	3025100
processing of ty1 proteins and formation of ty1 virus-like particles in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have analysed functional properties of putative proteins encoded by the yeast transposable element, ty1, by overexpression of ty genes. high-level expression was achieved by appropriate fusion of a ty sequence, ty9c, to the yeast adh1 promoter and transformation of yeast cells with this construction. as shown recently by others (garfinkel et al. 1985; mellor et al. 1985c) ty overexpression leads to an increase in particle-bound reverse transcriptase activity and to an intracellular accumulati ...	1987	3039300
survival and virulence of copper- and chlorine-stressed yersinia enterocolitica in experimentally infected mice.	the effect of gastric ph on the viability and virulence of yersinia enterocolitica o:8 after exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper and chlorine was determined in mice. viability and injury were assessed with a nonselective tly agar (tryptic soy broth containing lactose, yeast extract, and agar) and two selective media, tlyd agar (tly agar plus sodium deoxycholate) and cin agar (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar). both copper and chlorine caused injury which was manifested by the inabil ...	1987	3662514
analysis of rat natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) produced by rat nk cell lines and the production of a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes nkcf.	natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) is produced as a result of the interaction of murine, rat, or human natural killer (nk) cells with nk-susceptible targets. this factor has been linked to the target cell lysis mediated by the nk effector cell. in the present results, culture supernatants from rat large granular lymphocyte (lgl) tumors exhibited nkcf activity which lysed the susceptible targets, mbl-2 and yac-1. nkcf production from these rat tumor lines was spontaneous and was not significa ...	1987	3668253