| scanning electron microscopy: observations of influenza virus adsorption on erythrocytes. | | 1985 | 3842475 |
| antigenic characterization of influenza a (h1n1) viruses recently isolated from pigs and turkeys in france. | the spread of influenza a viruses from one animal reservoir to another forms an important part of the epidemiological study of influenza. the precise characterization of viral antigens by monoclonal antibodies makes possible an interesting immunological approach to the transfer of strains from one reservoir to another.this work has shown that the recent porcine strains in france, belgium, and spain are closely related antigenically, and distinct from the a/sw/nj/8/76 strain. their prototype is s ... | 1985 | 3876171 |
| [sorption and antigenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin]. | | 1985 | 3890371 |
| the demonstration of the influenza virus by the method of the immune electron microscopy. | the direct and indirect method of the immune electron microscopy (iem) was used for the identification of two influenza viruses of the type a--[strain a/chabarovsk/77 (h1n1) and a/texas/77 (h3n2)]--by means of reference specific rat- and human- convalescent sera. in the cross-testing different dilutions of the virus in the allantoic fluid and of the sera were examined for the determination of the appropriate rates for the formation of the immunocomplexes. in the demonstration of the immunocomple ... | 1985 | 3926876 |
| swine flu vaccine and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | | 1986 | 3959316 |
| characterization of virulent and avirulent a/chicken/pennsylvania/83 influenza a viruses: potential role of defective interfering rnas in nature. | in april 1983, an influenza virus of low virulence appeared in chickens in pennsylvania. subsequently, in october 1983, the virus became virulent and caused high mortality in poultry. the causative agent has been identified as an influenza virus of the h5n2 serotype. the hemagglutinin is antigenically closely related to tern/south africa/61 (h5n3) and the neuraminidase is similar to that from human h2n2 strains (e.g., a/japan/305/57) and from some avian influenza virus strains (e.g., a/turkey/ma ... | 1985 | 3973976 |
| host range of a/chicken/pennsylvania/83 (h5n2) influenza virus. | the highly pathogenic a/chicken/penn./1370/83 (h5n2) avian influenza virus, which caused 80% mortality in chickens in pennsylvania, produced only mild transient illness in experimentally infected pheasants, little or no clinical signs in ring-billed gulls and pigs, and no clinical signs in pekin ducks. virus could be recovered from only the upper respiratory tract of gulls and pigs for 1-2 days. infection in ducks resulted in intestinal replication of virus in only 1 out of 12 ducks. by contrast ... | 1985 | 3985875 |
| multiple-cloning-site plasmids for the rapid construction of recombinant poxviruses. | plasmid vectors containing multiple cloning sites suitable for the rapid insertion of protein-coding sequences into poxviruses have been constructed. they are based on puc plasmids and carry the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of vaccinia virus interrupted by a vaccinia virus promoter. six unique restriction enzyme sites (bamhi, sali/hincii, psti, hindiii, ecori), located within 40 bp of vaccinia virus promoters transposed from the hindiii-f or hindiii-c fragment of the vaccinia virus genome, allow r ... | 1985 | 4029620 |
| swine influenza vaccination. truth and consequences. | | 1985 | 4051840 |
| the swine influenza vaccination controversy. | | 1985 | 4051841 |
| characteristics of a swine recombinant influenza virus isolated in 1980: recombination between swine and the earliest hong kong (h3n2) viruses. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 differentiated the haemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed at two-antigenic determinants at least. immuno-double diffusion tests with antisera to the isolated neuraminidase and neuraminidase-inhibition ... | 1985 | 4060856 |
| characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing h1 hemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest hong kong (h3n2) virus. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw 1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two antigenic determinants. neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different h2n2 and h3n2 viru ... | 1985 | 4062559 |
| a new influenza a virus infection in turkeys. vii. comparative immunology. | four influenza a strains isolated from turkeys in ontario as well as strain chicken/scotland/59 were found to immunize turkeys against the lethal disease caused by virus turkey/ontario 7732/66 (v7732). these viruses form the avian influenza a serotype 5 (aa5). immunoprotection against v7732 was not obtained with influenza viruses of other serotypes. immunoprotective relationships among aa5 viruses were not always demonstrable in hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and serum-neutralization (sn) test ... | 1971 | 4251414 |
| relationship between human and animal infections with a2 /hong kong/68 - like strains of influenza virus. | | 1972 | 4681052 |
| the "in vivo" production of "new" influenza a viruses. i. genetic recombination between avian and mammalian influenza viruses. | | 1971 | 5565817 |
| [common antigenic components in serological subtypes of influenza a virus]. | | 1966 | 6002462 |
| [influenza in swine--distribution and importance]. | | 1984 | 6084507 |
| swine influenza virus vaccine incident. | | 1984 | 6086921 |
| sporadic occurrence of zoonotic swine influenza virus infections. | two infections by swine influenza virus, antigenically similar to a/new jersey/76 (h1n1) virus, were detected during community epidemics with other influenza viruses. the swinelike viruses were obtained during virological surveillance of acute respiratory illnesses, and the clinical symptoms of these two patients were similar to those caused by other respiratory viruses. both patients reported contact with swine a few days before onset of illness, but in one case it was brief. serological studie ... | 1984 | 6092435 |
| [swine influenza-a viruses as progenitors of human influenza]. | | 1984 | 6100202 |
| animals in the influenza world. | in the history of influenza there are many references, notes and comments about influenza epizootics occurring among various non-human animals, sometimes coinciding with epidemics of influenza in human beings. that the first influenza viruses were recovered from non-human animals is not so surprising, given the current knowledge of the distribution of influenza among animals. influenza viruses are found in a wide variety of mammalian and avian species. in some species the disease that occurs as ... | 1980 | 6103561 |
| serological evidence of natural recombinant influenza virus (hsw1n2) infection among pigs in japan. | a new recombinant influenza a virus (hsw1n2) infection among hogs in miyagi prefecture, japan, was confirmed by serological examinations. nineteen out of twenty sera collected in one farm in january 1979 showed high haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to hsw1 antigen (a/new jersey/8/76) and also significant neuraminidase inhibition antibody titres to n2 antigen of the hong kong 1973 variant (a/port chalmers/1/73) but not to n1 antigen. the results indicate the occurrence of genetic reas ... | 1981 | 6116417 |
| an influenza epicentre? | | 1982 | 6126676 |
| neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination. | the emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of guillain-barre syndrome which resulted from the 1976 national swine influenza immunization program in the u.s.a. has obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous system also occurred. the anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approxim ... | 1982 | 6128862 |
| surveillance of pelagic birds for influenza a viruses. | within a 4-year surveillance period for influenza a virus in pelagic birds, 351 influenza a strains were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of 3344 apparently healthy ducks, gulls, swans, terns and geese. the isolated influenza a viruses represent 14 subtypes. their haemagglutinins (ha) were mainly related to avian ha, but also to the human ha h2 and to the swine ha hswl. the neuraminidases (na) were identified as avian, equine and human na. the isolated influenza a strains include fowl plague- ... | 1983 | 6133434 |
| [influenza viruses in man and animals. a literature review (author's transl)]. | influenza viruses in man and animals. a literature reviewa literature review on the influenza viruses is presented in this paper. a description of the disease in man and domestic animals, as well as general considerations on morphological, physicochemical and antigenic properties of these viruses is given. emphasis is put on the role of the antigenic changes of these viruses with regard to the epidemiology of the disease, as well as on the possible origin of the pandemic and epidemic strains. | 1980 | 6159061 |
| influenza a viruses: combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources. | | 1981 | 6164356 |
| function, target-cell preference and cell-surface characteristics of herpes-simplex virus type-2-induced non-antigen-specific killer cells. | wild-type and congenitally athymic nude mice injected with herpes-simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) responded with a local outburst of non-antigen-specific killer cells masking any virus-specific response. cytolytic activity could be assayed on mouse-tumor cell lines and on syngeneic or allogeneic non-transformed cells from various sources. some of the tumor cell lines and proteose-peptone-induced peritoneal exudate cells were lysed more efficiently after infection with either hsv 2, vaccinia or infl ... | 1981 | 6165679 |
| [antiviral action of swine leukocyte interferon in mouse experiments]. | swine leukocytes had previously been found to produce interferon which has an antiviral effect not only in swine cells but also in human cells. preliminary experiments in tissue cultures showed the culture of primarily trypsinized mouse embryo fibroblasts to be as sensitive to swine interferon as human diploid cells. the experiment studying the antiviral effect of swine leukocyte interferon in the animals demonstrated it to protect mice against the pathogenic a/aishi/68 (h3n2) strain; with a red ... | 1981 | 6171098 |
| antigenic and genetic analysis of a/hong kong (h3n2) influenza viruses isolated from swine and man. | two h3n2 strains of influenza a virus isolated from pigs in japan and thailand were characterized antigenically and genetically. a/swine/wadayama/5/69 (isolated in japan in 1969) was antigenically similar to a human strain, a/aichi/2/68, while a/swine/bangkok/9/78 (a swine isolate in thailand) was closely related to a/bangkok/36/78, a contemporary human isolate. gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping of the virus rna revealed genetic similarity between a/swine/wadayama/5/69 and a/aichi/ ... | 1981 | 6171614 |
| detection of antigenic variation of influenza a matrix protein by a competitive radioimmunoassay. | antigenic relationships among the matrix proteins of influenza a viruses were analysed using a competitive radioimmunoassay technique. there were at least two antigenic determinants on the m protein of a/pr/8/34 virus. one antigenic determinant was shared by several influenza a viruses of human, avian, swine or equine origin, while the second determinant was not necessarily shared by all influenza viruses since it was not detected on the m protein of a/chicken/germany/n/49 virus. in addition, th ... | 1981 | 6172559 |
| absence of p2 protein in swine flu vaccines. | | 1982 | 6172604 |
| [analysis of heterogenous populations of antihemagglutinating antibodies in hyperimmune sera against influenza virus by indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay]. | populations of antihemagglutinating antibodies in hyperimmune rabbit sera to influenza a/pr8/34, a/moscow/pan/52, and a/swine iowa/15/31 viruses were examined by indirect competitive solid phase radioimmunoassay (spria). under conditions of competitive assay with immobilized virus homologous to the serum under test, not all subpopulations of cross-reacting antibodies in the sera are identified. competition in the system of immobilized heterologous virus identifies a fuller spectrum of cross-reac ... | 1981 | 6175104 |
| [immunization with a complex preparation: a new method of influenza prevention. the basis for using a complex preparation for preventing influenza]. | a combined preparation for influenza prevention (cpip) consisting of an interferon inducer stimulating immunogenesis and killed influenza vaccine is proposed. twenty five inducers-stimulators have been tested: polynucleotides, polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide extracted from salmonella typhosa. intranasal administration of cpip to laboratory animals markedly stimulates interferon, secretory, and circulating antibody synthesis. resistance to fatal influenza infection develops within 18 hours ... | 1982 | 6178215 |
| the possible origin h1n1 (hsw1n1) virus in the swine population of japan and antigenic analysis of the isolates. | virus isolation and serological studies on swine sera collected during 1973 to 1978 showed that h1n1 (hsw1n1) influenza viruses first appeared in the swine population of japan about may 1977. with the exception of one strain, both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of all the h1n1 viruses isolated from swine in japan and from pigs imported from north america were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/nj/8/76 virus, suggesting the introduction of swine influenza virus into japan ... | 1982 | 6182266 |
| human influenza a viruses in pigs: isolation of a h3n2 strain antigenically related to a/england/42/72 and evidence for continuous circulation of human viruses in the pig population. | an influenza virus strain isolated in northern italy in 1977 was identified as belonging to the h3n2 subtype (a/swine/italy/1850/77). a close antigenic relationship to the human strain a/england/42/72 was demonstrated. serologic surveys of 548 pig sera from 53 farms in two provinces in northern italy demonstrated the existence of antibodies to the swine/italy/1850/77 strain and to a/hong kong/1/68, a/victoria/3/75 and h 1 n 1 (hsw 1 n 1) strains in the pig population. | 1982 | 6184032 |
| surveillance of influenza in houston, texas, usa: gradual transition from a/victoria/75 (h3n2) to a/texas/77 (h3n2) predominance and antigenic characterization of "intermediate" strains. | influenza epidemics in houston, texas, usa, during the winters of 1975-76, 1976-77, and 1977-78 were attributed to a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), b/hong kong/5/72, and a/texas/1/77 (h3n2)-like viruses, respectively. both a/victoria and a/texas viruses were detected towards the end of the 1976-77 epidemic and throughout the 1977-78 epidemic. to determine if there had been a gradual transition in the predominant strain, 267 viral isolates from the 1975-76 epidemic were tested for a/texas virus. eight spe ... | 1983 | 6190585 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin sa antigenic site of a/pr/8/34 influenza virus distinguish biologic mutants of swine influenza virus. | the dimorphic l and h hemagglutinin mutants of a/nj/11/76(h1n1) (swine) influenza virus differ pleiotropically in their replication and virulence characteristics and in their antigenicity. l mutants replicate less well in chicken embryos and madin-darby canine kidney cells and are more infective for swine than are h mutants. l and h mutants are not antigenically distinguishable in cross-neutralization tests with homotypic antisera, but they can be identified with certain heterotypic heterogeneou ... | 1983 | 6194531 |
| antigenic variation in the influenza a virus nonstructural protein, ns1. | the antigenic structure of the nonstructural (ns1) protein encoded by influenza type a virus was examined using monoclonal antibodies prepared against purified ns1 inclusions isolated from the cytoplasm of infected cells. topographical analysis by competitive radioimmunoassay indicated that three different overlapping antigenic regions were present on the ns1 of a/wsn/33 (h1n1). immunoprecipitation studies using infected cell lysates showed that antigenic determinants on a/wsn/33 ns1 are common ... | 1983 | 6195814 |
| antigenic characteristics and genome composition of a naturally occurring recombinant influenza virus isolated from a pig in japan. | we performed antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of a recombinant virus (a/swine/kanagawa/2/78) isolated from a pig in japan in 1978, using a series of monoclonal antibodies to h1 (hsw1) haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidases of h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. results obtained in haemagglutination inhibition tests with five monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin of a/nj/8/76 (h1n1) revealed that the haemagglutinin of three h1n1 and the recombinant viruses were indisting ... | 1983 | 6198440 |
| [determination of the neuraminidase specificity of influenza a and b viruses using a modified lectin test]. | a highly purified lectin was obtained from peanuts. the lectin test was modified for determination of the neuraminidase activity of influenza viruses. the test was found to be useful for the determination of the antigenic specificity of neuraminidase. it was found to be 10-50 times as sensitive as the aminoff test and more economic. the potentials of lectin test are discussed. | 1983 | 6199899 |
| [immunoactive peptides]. | perspectives for use of four groups of immunoactive peptides in medico-biological investigations are considered. glycopeptides, fragments of bacterial cell walls and their analogues, exhibited distinct modulating effect both on humoral and cell systems of immunity as well as the antitumoral action. mechanisms of action of these substances are discussed. synthesis and biological effect of thymus blood serum factor and of its simplified analogues are described. perspectives for use of synthetic pe ... | 1984 | 6206648 |
| immunologic studies on the influenza a virus nonstructural protein ns1. | we purified the major influenza virus nonstructural protein, designated ns1, from cytoplasmic inclusions that were solubilized and used to raise antisera in rabbits. one of the antisera was found to be specific for ns1 by complement fixation tests and analyses of immune precipitates. antiserum to ns1 isolated from cells infected with a/wsn/33 virus specifically precipitated ns1 from extracts of cells infected with seven distinct isolates of influenza a virus representing five different antigenic ... | 1982 | 6211499 |
| proteolytic activation of influenza wsn virus in cultured cells is performed by homologous plasma enzymes. | the effect of chick embryo allantoic fluid, porcine plasma or canine plasma on virus progeny was studied in cultured chicken, porcine and canine cells infected with influenza wsn virus. cells incubated either without plasma or with heterologous plasma produced virions which had uncleaved haemagglutinin and low infectivity. cells incubated with homologous plasma produced highly infectious virions with cleaved haemagglutinin. little increase of progeny virus infectivity was observed in canine cell ... | 1982 | 6218257 |
| swine flu sequelae. | | 1980 | 6247519 |
| a screening test for influenza immunity: preimmunization antibody titers to influenza virus antigens in atopic patients. | antibody titers to three common strains of influenza virus, including the swine flu strain, were determined in 152 patients in an allergy and pediatric allergy practice prior to planned immunization with influenza vaccine. because allergic patients are considered to be more prone to hypersensitivity reactions than individuals who are non-allergic, it was deemed prudent to screen for patients who might have pre-existing protective levels of antibody to the viruses. a considerable number of the 15 ... | 1980 | 6251738 |
| isolation of a recombinant influenza virus (hsw 1 n2) from swine in japan. | outbreaks of swine influenza were first observed in japan in 1978. a number of influenza viruses were isolated from diseased swine. almost all viruses isolated were swine influenza virus (hsw 1 n1) but two viruses isolated from the nasal swabs of swine showing clinical signs of influenza in the kanagawa prefecture were characterized antigenically as hsw 1 n2. analysis of swine sera showed that influenza virus hsw 1 n2 was epidemic in the farm from which the virus had been isolated. the new virus ... | 1980 | 6255900 |
| [effectiveness of para-immunization for the control of piglet breeding losses and enzootic pneumonia of swine (piglet influenza)]. | | 1980 | 6257002 |
| swine influenza virus in swine and man in illinois. | serum samples from 2,091 persons from illinois populations of swine abattoir employees, 4-h club youths and their advisors, veterinary medical students, pork producers, and veterinarians were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to a/swine/ill./63. a total of 231 positive reactions of 1:20 or above were found (11%). the highest prevalence of antibody was found in veterinarians, followed by pork producers and future swine abattoir employees. age-adjusted reactor rates were highe ... | 1981 | 6260919 |
| an epizootic of swine influenza in quebec. | | 1981 | 6269718 |
| a serological survey of pigs in india for swine influenza. | | 1981 | 6273310 |
| [influenza epizootic in swine due to strain a (victoria/3/75 h3n2)]. | studies were carried out on the first grippe epizootic in pigs in bulgaria. the affected animals showed a rise in temperature (40.5 to 41.8 degrees c), loss of appetite, abdominal type of respiration, and noisy and painful cough. the infection ran its course with a picture typical of a virus disease which did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. on an average the duration of the clinical course lasted 4 to 5 days, affecting almost all swine on a pig breeding farm, with single deat ... | 1981 | 6274080 |
| [serogical studies on an epidemic prevalence of swine type influenza virus among swine and human beings (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 6279948 |
| an epidemic of swine influenza in japan. | in a serological survey of pigs in japan haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to swine influenza virus (hsw1n1) was first detected in 721 of 3313 (21.1 per cent) sera in 1977 and 1578 of 4946 (32.1 per cent) in 1978. the virus was prevalent in all districts of japan but to a different extent. in contrast to the high incidence of antibody, there were few cases of infection with clinical signs and only 13 outbreaks of swine influenza were recognised in japan from 1978 to 1979. thirty-seven i ... | 1981 | 6281867 |
| serological studies on swine influenza in egypt. | 480 pig serum samples collected from november 1979-october 1980 and 200 human sera collected in the same period, nearly have been used in serological investigations. 52.5% sera were positive against swine influenza (hsw1n1) 10% only of human sera were positive against (hsw1n1) virus. by using (h3n2) human virus, 10.4% of pig sera were positive, while 41% of human sera were positive against this virus. | 1981 | 6282772 |
| failure of swine influenza virus to cause transplacental infection of porcine fetuses. | | 1982 | 6283964 |
| the follow-up study of swine and hong kong influenza virus infection among japanese hogs. | pigs in miyagi prefecture, japan were examined for swine (hssw1n1) and hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. the results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the hong kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, a/yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. these epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct tran ... | 1982 | 6285546 |
| inactivation by gamma irradiation of animal viruses in simulated laboratory effluent. | several animal viruses were treated with gamma radiation from a 60co source under conditions which might be found in effluent from an animal disease laboratory. swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and blue-tongue virus were irradiated in tissues from experimentally infected animals. pseudorabies virus, fowl plague virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus were irradiated in liquid animal feces. all were tested in animals and in vitro. the d10 val ... | 1982 | 6285822 |
| [seroepizootiological studies on type a influenza virus against porcine serum in tochigi prefecture over a period from july, 1979 to june, 1980]. | | 1982 | 6290580 |
| [protective action of undegraded and s-sulfonated 7s antibodies in 4 different experimental virus infections]. | | 1982 | 6293456 |
| swine influenza-like viruses in turkeys: potential source of virus for humans? | influenza a viruses (subtype h1n1), recently isolated from turkeys in different areas of the united states, were determined to be closely related to strains typically associated with pigs. this conclusion was based on comparisons of h1n1 isolates from pigs, humans, ducks, and turkeys with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, rna-rna competitive hybridization, and replication studies. one of the h1n1 isolates from turkeys caused influenza in a laboratory technician, who displayed fever, respirat ... | 1983 | 6298942 |
| bacterial cell wall components decrease the number of guinea-pig lung beta-adrenoceptors. | infections of the deeper respiratory airways can contribute to the progression of chronic asthmatic bronchitis. in the present report a number of microorganisms affecting the number of beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig lung homogenates are described. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis and escherichia coli o111b4 induced a significant decrease of the number of beta-adrenoceptors (by approximately 20%). staphylococcus aureus, influenza a virus and escherichia col ... | 1983 | 6301848 |
| [seroepidemiological studies on the outbreaks of a/swine type influenza with special reference ot the porcine and the human infection]. | | 1983 | 6306045 |
| sero-epizootiological study on swine influenza in a prefecture of japan. | a total of 1799 swine sera collected in toyama prefecture in the central part of japan during the years 1978-82 were tested for antibody against swine influenza virus (siv), a/new jersey/8/76 (h1n1). a high prevalence of antibody was observed in the years after the severe epizootic of si, 34.5% in 1979 and 51.7% in 1982. in other years, the percentages of positive sera were low and ranged from 1.7 to 12.4%. regional variations were seen in relation to a small scale epizootic. no antibody to siv ... | 1983 | 6306099 |
| further isolation of a recombinant virus (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2) from a pig in japan in 1980. | in september 1980, an outbreak of febrile respiratory disease was observed in a herd of sows (1-2 years of age) in ehime prefecture, japan. most of the swine showed clinical signs of disease such as depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, and cough. a hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a nasal swab from one of the diseased pigs. by cross-hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests with antisera to influenza viruses of swine origin, the isolate was identified as an ... | 1983 | 6306408 |
| [swine influenza: anatomic and histologic changes in the respiratory tract]. | | 1983 | 6313320 |
| influenza virus a/swine-outbreaks in domestic pigs and antibody findings in human sera. | in the last years, the occurrence of influenza viruses a/h1n1 (hsw1n1) in pig stocks of different countries has been increasingly reported. in general, the isolated viruses were related to the influenza virus a/new jersey/8/76 h1n1 (hsw1n1). human infections were not reported in these outbreaks. since march 1981, very limited influenza outbreaks in several pig stocks of the gdr with high morbidity and very low lethality have been observed. the illness took an uncomplicated path and generally sub ... | 1983 | 6316691 |
| lack of significant person-to-person spread of swine influenza-like virus following fatal infection in an immunocompromised child. | in february 1982, a four-year-old nevada girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission was hospitalized with fulminant pneumonia and died eight days later at a hospital in california. an influenza virus was the only pathogen detected, and was present in both antemortem and postmortem specimens. the virus was closely related antigenically to a/new jersey/8/76 (h1n1) and had a genome very similar to a contemporary enzootic swine influenza virus. the patient had had no known contact with swin ... | 1984 | 6320637 |
| a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes. | a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ... | 1984 | 6323512 |
| swine flu vaccine and multiple sclerosis. | using age-specific rates for multiple sclerosis (ms) based on a national survey, the number of "naturally occurring" new cases of ms among the 45 million swine flu vaccine recipients in the united states is estimated as 1,624 during the year after vaccination, or 31 cases per week. information from available reports and publications indicates no excess over the expected frequencies. analyses of admissions for ms before, during, and after the immunization program showed no increase to the us army ... | 1984 | 6325730 |
| isolation of viruses antigenically related to the swine influenza virus from an outbreak of respiratory disease in turkey farms in israel. | | 1984 | 6328732 |
| antigenic comparisons of swine-influenza-like h1n1 isolates from pigs, birds and humans: an international collaborative study. | the objective of this international collaborative study was to compare recent swine isolates of influenza viruses and determine whether significant antigenic differences among isolates from different areas of the world could be detected. h1n1 viruses isolated from pigs, birds and humans in 12 different countries were compared in haemagglutination-inhibition assays with post-infection ferret sera and monoclonal antibodies to h1n1 strains. using a/nj/8/76 as the reference strain, we found that rec ... | 1984 | 6335845 |
| [determination of the antigenic composition of the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses h1n1]. | a comparative immunological analysis of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins (ha) of influenza a viruses isolated from man and animals was done by the method of specific adsorption of immunoglobulin fractions recovered from sera of rabbits and rats immunized with influenza h1n1 viruses isolated in 1930-1948. a single determinant which remains antigenically stable from 1930 up to the present time was found in ha of human influenza h1n1 viruses (1933-1957, 1977-1981), swine virus a/swine/io ... | 1983 | 6356600 |
| nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human strains, are not cleaved in infected cells. | we previously reported that nucleoproteins (nps) of human influenza viruses are cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of np, uncleaved (mol. wt. 56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. here, we report that nps of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. the resistance of the ... | 1984 | 6374032 |
| [test system for detecting and differentiating the influenza virus by an immunoenzyme method]. | detection and differentiation of small amounts of influenza a and b viruses was done by enzyme-immunoassay based on detection of the complex of internal proteins. it was shown that two kinds of sera to the complex of internal proteins could be used: sera against disrupted viruses grown in a different system (mice or cell culture) and containing almost no cam component for virus detection in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos, and sera to preparations of viruses grown in chick embryos and disru ... | 1984 | 6388159 |
| [isolation of influenza a viruses with a new antigenic formula from wild birds]. | three hemagglutinating agents were isolated from mixed pools of the viscera from black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) and robin (erithacus rubecula) collected in the byelorussian ssa and the kaliningrad region of the rsfsr. typing of the viruses by double immunodiffusion technique revealed antigenic relationships of the viruses with swine hemagglutinin (hsw1) and human hemagglutinin h0. one of the strains had neuraminidase n2 the other two nav2. an analysis of the polypeptide composition of the ... | 1981 | 6455856 |
| [cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin as affected by serum plasmin in cell culture and in vivo]. | the effect of chicken, canine, and porcine plasm containing plasmin proenzyme, plasminogen, on influenza virus hemagglutinin produced in homologous and heterologous tissue cells was studied. the cells incubated with the homologous plasm were found to produce virions containing both cleaved and uncleaved hemagglutinin whereas the cells incubated without plasm or with heterologous plasm produced virions with uncleaved hemagglutinin. the infectious activity of the virus produced by cells with the h ... | 1981 | 6461136 |
| genetic relatedness between a/swine/iowa/15/30(h1n1) and human influenza viruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the m and ns1 genes of influenza virus a/swine/iowa/15/30 (a/sw/iw/30)(h1n1) were determined with cloned dnas and compared with reported sequences of human and avian influenza viruses. a/sw/iw/30 virus was found to be closely similar to a/pr/8/34(h1n1) virus in the nucleotide sequences of the m and ns1 genes, the base differences between the two strains being 64 out of 1027 nucleotides in the m gene and 52 out of 740 in the ns1 gene. based on the assumptions that thes ... | 1984 | 6495656 |
| the swine flu incident revisited. | | 1984 | 6497358 |
| lack of association of swine flu vaccine and rheumatoid arthritis. | on the basis of available incidence rates, about 22,000 new cases of definite rheumatoid arthritis would have developed fortuitously among the 45 million recipients of the swine flu vaccine during the year after the immunization program. no excess has been detected. proportional morbidity studies among all mayo clinic patients and among the active-duty personnel of the us army showed no increase in the number of cases of rheumatoid arthritis after administration of the swine flu vaccine. these r ... | 1984 | 6503362 |
| [safety and effectiveness study of the aerosol method of administering inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine in an experiment]. | experiments in laboratory animals demonstrated safety, areactogenicity, and low allergenic potential of inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine (iicv) administered by aerosol method. aerosol immunization of white rats resulted in the development of the same level of secretory antibody as after intraperitoneal inoculation of iicv but the immunizing aspirational dose was 10-20 times as low as parenteral. marked protection of mice was achieved after triple aerosol immunization of immunologica ... | 1984 | 6516324 |
| hemagglutinin of swine influenza virus: a single amino acid change pleiotropically affects viral antigenicity and replication. | the complete nucleotide sequence has been obtained of the h1 hemagglutinin (ha) gene of a high-yielding (h) mutant of the a/nj/11/76(h1n1) strain of swine influenza virus in studies of a viral reassortant (x-53a) bearing this gene. this determination has permitted comparison with human influenza h1n1 prototype viruses a/wsn/33 and a/pr/8/34, with which 80% and 94% amino acid homology was found between ha1 and ha2, respectively. partial sequences have been determined for other viral reassortants ... | 1983 | 6580621 |
| [experimental swine influenza. comparison of the pathogenicity of swine-type wild influenza viruses and strains of human type h3 n2 whose reservoir is swine]. | intra-nasal inoculation of 10-day-old piglets, free of specific pathogenic flora, with swine influenza virus a/h1 n1 and a/h3 n2 produces lesions of viral pneumonia without detectable clinical signs. following indirect contamination all the strains studied were able to multiply in the respiratory tract; in those cases where no macroscopic lesion was seen, microscopic examination revealed variable modification of the pulmonary tissue depending on the virus causing infection. influenza virus type ... | 1983 | 6614787 |
| genetic relatedness of hemagglutinins of the h1 subtype of influenza a viruses isolated from swine and birds. | the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the influenza virus subtype h1n1 isolated from pigs and birds has been analyzed by the hybridization technique. according to the rnase protection data the ha genes of recent isolates from pigs in northern europe are genetically more closely related to those of isolates from birds in europe and north america than to those of isolates from pigs in the united states, taiwan, and italy. thus, two different h1n1 subtypes are circulating in the pig population. the result ... | 1983 | 6623931 |
| single radial complement fixation test using complement film. assay of the antibody response to strain and type specific antigens of influenza virus. | a stabilized modification of the single radial complement fixation test in gel (srcf) was developed for detecting influenza antibodies. the principle of the test is the use of a single-step procedure with the following reagents: (1) agarose plate containing influenza antigen and antibody coated erythrocytes (ea). (2) thin plastic film coated with dried complement. by filling the wells cut in the agar with the heat inactivated serum samples and covering the agar surface with the complement film, ... | 1983 | 6630403 |
| experimental allergic neuritis-like disease in rabbits after injection with influenza vaccines mixed with gangliosides and adjuvants. | an experimental allergic neuritis-like disease was induced in rabbits 3 to 8 weeks after injection with large doses of influenza vaccines mixed with gangliosides, cholesterol, and freund complete adjuvant. the inclusion of gangliosides was essential to induce the experimental allergic neuritis-like disease. in trials with six different lots of vaccine, both swine influenza and non-swine influenza vaccines produced by four different manufacturers induced experimental allergic neuritis-like diseas ... | 1983 | 6642653 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of h1 influenza viruses isolated from feral ducks and swine in japan. | the strains of h 1 n 4 influenza a virus isolated from feral ducks in japan in 1977-78 were compared to swine-origin h 1 n 1 viruses antigenically and genetically. homologous characteristics were found among the h 1 n 4 isolates from feral ducks in hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests, viral rna patterns on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping. although the hemagglutinins of duck-origin viruses employed in this study were identified as h 1, the viruses were distinguis ... | 1983 | 6651533 |
| [epizootic swine influenza on animal farms in brittany]. | since 1976, seroepidemiological surveys using radial haemolysis and isolation trials from samples collected from pigs at the abattoir showed that brittany was an important reservoir of swine subclinical infections due to the human influenza a viruses h3n2. influenza a h1sw n1sw subclinical infections sporadically occurred from 1979 to 1981. in january 1982 an epizootic started in finistère which spread from west to east. the h1sw and n1sw antigens of 28 stains isolated from 1979 to 1982 were stu ... | 1983 | 6658105 |
| [comparison of the 35s-methionine oligopeptide maps of influenza a virus np proteins]. | tryptic mapping of radioactive methionine-labeled np proteins of 15 species of human influenzae a viruses and 11 animal viruses was performed. on the basis of similarities and differences of peptide maps, np proteins were divided into 4 groups designated a, b, c, and d. group a included viruses a/ws/33 and a/pr/8/34; group b viruses h1n1 (apart from those isolated after 1977 and wsn virus), h2n2, h3n2, and 8 species of animal influenza viruses, group c 4 species of h1n1 viruses isolated in 1977- ... | 1983 | 6659469 |
| estimation of the probability that guillain-barre syndrome was caused by the swine flu vaccine: us experience (1976-77). | | 1984 | 6700403 |
| correlation of influenza a virus nucleoprotein genes with host species. | the rnas coding for the nucleoproteins of a panel of influenza isolates from human and nonhuman hosts were compared by rna-rna hybridization to determine the extent of genetic diversity of this protein and to determine if related nucleoproteins (np) are consistently found in viruses from certain hosts. five nucleoprotein groups were defined. group 1 contains nearly all of the avian influenza viruses, group 2 includes only certain viruses isolated from gulls, group 3 includes all recent equine in ... | 1984 | 6710867 |
| plaque assay of equine influenza virus. | esk cells, a stable cell line derived from a swine embryo kidney, were found to be a good medium for plaque formation of the prague and miami strains of equine influenza virus. factors influencing the plaque formation were investigated and a plaque assay for these viruses was worked out. the method is not only simple enough for routine use, but also is as sensitive as the egg inoculation method. the method was readily adapted for a neutralization test. | 1984 | 6730308 |
| ecological aspects of influenza a viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review. | | 1982 | 6752410 |
| fibrinogen-mediated adherence of group a streptococcus to influenza a virus-infected cell cultures. | a quantitative radioassay was used to study the adherence of group a streptococcus to madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a virus (strains fm1, jap 305, and nws) and reacted with fibrinogen. treatment of virus-infected cell cultures with human fibrinogen significantly enhanced streptococcal adherence (p less than 0.0005) compared with adherence to untreated, virus-infected cells and uninfected control cells. enhanced adherence was not seen with nws virus-infected cell culture ... | 1982 | 6754619 |
| [suppression of the immune response by shigella in experimental influenza infection in mice]. | experiments in mice have demonstrated that in the presence of influenza infection the suppressing effect of virulent shigellae on the secondary humoral and cell-mediated immune response is enhanced. under such conditions avirulent shigellae can also show suppressing effect which is usually absent in these organisms. | 1982 | 6760625 |
| [conditions for creating a persistent a/swine/1976/31 infection in cell cultures]. | | 1980 | 6780764 |
| [characteristics of viruses isolated during persistent a/swine/1976/31 virus infection in a monkey kidney cell culture]. | | 1981 | 6789039 |
| [erythrocytes as antigen-carrier for enzyme-immunoassay (author's transl)]. | it is presented a method, which applied virus absorbing erythrocytes for enzyme-immunoassay. antibodies, immunologically bound to sensitized erythrocytes, are enzyme-serologically detected and microscope-photometrically quantified. the comparison to the immunofluorescent technique shows a strong correlation of the titres r = 0.897. | 1981 | 6791441 |
| serologic and epidemiologic evidence of infection in turkeys with an agent related to the swine influenza virus. | | 1981 | 6791627 |
| swine influenza-like isolate - nevada. | | 1982 | 6808336 |