| swine flu. immunisation choices risk creating local variations. pcts decide on vaccine priority. | | 2009 | 19771642 |
| development of a consensus microarray method for identification of some highly pathogenic viruses. | some highly pathogenic viruses, such as chikungunya virus, japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, hanta virus, sars-cov, and h5n1 avian influenza virus can cause severe infectious diseases. however, the consensus method for detecting these viruses has not been well established. a rapid and sensitive microarray approach for detection of these viruses and a panel of specific probes covering nine genera and 16 virus species were designed. 70-mer oligonucleotides were used at ... | 2009 | 19774692 |
| [swine flu and mexican flu: the role of the pig]. | | 2009 | 19774885 |
| public willingness to take a vaccine or drug under emergency use authorization during the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. | on april 26, 2009, the united states declared a public health emergency in response to a growing but uncertain threat from h1n1 influenza, or swine flu. in june, the world health organization declared a pandemic. in the u.s., hospitalizations due to swine flu numbered 6,506 on august 6, 2009, with 436 deaths; all 50 states have reported cases. the declaration of a public health emergency, followed by the approval of multiple emergency use authorizations (euas) by the food and drug administration ... | 2009 | 19775200 |
| swine flu: the second wave. | | 2009 | 19780479 |
| h1n1 (swine) flu bears watching. | | 2009 | 19780510 |
| comparison of the usefulness of the caco-2 cell line with standard substrates for isolation of swine influenza a viruses. | influenza a virus isolation is undertaken routinely in embryonated chicken eggs, but to improve virus detection various cell lines can be used. the caco-2 cell line was compared to the mdck cell line and embryonated chicken eggs for the isolation of h1n1, h1n2, h3n2 swine influenza a virus subtypes from clinical specimens. from 2006 to 2008, 104 influenza a samples found positive by pcr from 42 respiratory outbreaks in italian swine farms were examined by virus isolation. sixty swine influenza a ... | 2010 | 19781571 |
| children are likely to need two doses of swine flu vaccine. | | 2009 | 19783577 |
| identification of hemagglutinin structural domain and polymorphisms which may modulate swine h1n1 interactions with human receptor. | the novel a/h1n1 influenza virus, which recently emerged in north america is most closely related to north american h1n1/n2 swine viruses. until the beginning of 2009, north american swine h1n1/n2 viruses have only sporadically infected humans as dead-end hosts. in 2009 the a/h1n1 virus acquired the capacity to spread efficiently by human to human transmission. the novel a/h1n1 influenza virus has struck thousands of people in more than 70 countries and killed more than 140, representing a publi ... | 2009 | 19785758 |
| [combating the new influenza a (h1n1) virus. i. overview of the relevant virological aspects]. | in april 2009 a new influenza virus was discovered, which spread from mexico to the rest of the world. the new influenza a (h1n1) virus is genetically related to swine flu viruses, and differs substantially from circulating human influenza viruses. it is able to spread from person to person. because it is a completely new virus, there is probably little immunity in the population. the course of the infection is relatively mild, but the virus will mutate and it is not yet certain whether this wil ... | 2009 | 19785811 |
| using non-homogeneous models of nucleotide substitution to identify host shift events: application to the origin of the 1918 'spanish' influenza pandemic virus. | nonhomogeneous markov models of nucleotide substitution have received scant attention. here we explore the possibility of using nonhomogeneous models to identify host shift nodes along phylogenetic trees of pathogens evolving in different hosts. it has been noticed that influenza viruses show marked differences in nucleotide composition in human and avian hosts. we take advantage of this fact to identify the host shift event that led to the 1918 'spanish' influenza. this disease killed over 50 m ... | 2009 | 19787384 |
| nurses must consider the benefits of having the swine flu vaccine. | | 2009 | 19788107 |
| preparing for swine flu: 10 questions that all nurses need to ask themselves. | human swine flu is spreading rapidly and it is timely to reflect on how well we as individuals are prepared for a pandemic. being prepared includes nurses not only being confident they have a mask that fits but also being practised at putting on and removing personal protective equipment safely. it also involves being familiar with the latest guidance from the department of health, having an understanding of the processes in their workplace and an appreciation of some of the ethical challenges i ... | 2009 | 19788108 |
| ready for swine flu. | | 2009 | 19788122 |
| a novel h1n1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21st century. | a novel h1n1 virus of swine origin (h1n1v ) is currently spreading in humans, giving rise to the first pandemic in 40 years. the disease is of moderate severity but has notable differences from seasonal influenza. in contrast to seasonal influenza, those over 60 years are relatively spared, a likely consequence of the presence of h1n1v cross-neutralizing antibody in this age group. most patients appear to have mild influenza-like illness and many of the complications leading to hospitalization a ... | 2009 | 19790188 |
| government orders supplies of swine flu vaccine to cope with pandemic. | | 2009 | 19791658 |
| the global swine flu pandemic 2: infection control measures and preparedness strategies. | this second in a two-part unit on swine flu looks at infection control measures for nurses. during late spring and early summer, increasing numbers of people became infected with novel swine origin influenza type a virus (influenza a(h1n1)v 2009) and a global pandemic started. part 1 of this unit explored the biology of influenza viruses and the origins and characteristics of flu pandemics. this part reviews viral transmission, infection prevention and control and pandemic preparedness. | 2009 | 19791672 |
| swine-origin influenza virus a(h1n1)v: lessons learnt from the early phase of the epidemic. | | 2009 | 19793838 |
| switching gears for an influenza pandemic: validation of a duplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for simultaneous detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus. | rapid methods for the detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic influenza a virus (also known as pandemic [h1n1] 2009) are of utmost importance. in this study, a conventional reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of influenza a virus and the hemagglutinin of swine lineage h1 (swh1) was designed, optimized, and validated. nucleic acids were extracted from 198 consecutive nasopharyngeal, nasal, or throat swab specimens collected early in the outbreak (127 negative ... | 2009 | 19794033 |
| preventing the soldiers of health care from becoming victims on the pandemic battlefield: respirators or surgical masks as the armor of choice. | the respiratory protective equipment necessary to protect health care workers from the novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus is not known. the knowledge gap created by this unanswered question has caused substantial debate and controversy on a global scale, leading public health organizations to feel pressured into issuing decisive recommendations despite a lack of supportive data. changes in clinical practice caused by public health guidance during such high-profile events can be expected ... | 2009 | 19794307 |
| influenza a/h1n1 from a pig perspective. | | 2009 | 19794877 |
| swine flu: the present pandemic infectious disease. | influenza virus infection is the well known respiratory tract infection. swine flu is the newest atypical influenza virus infection that has just been reported since early 2009. this new disease becomes pandemic at present. in this specific article, epidemiology, symptomatology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of swine flu disease are discussed and described in the light of current literature. | 2009 | 19796000 |
| no pig in a poke. | | 2009 | 19797454 |
| update on 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus. | the pandemic of a novel strain of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) is expected to make this a difficult flu season. fortunately, this strain is relatively mild, and the principles of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment remain the same. physicians will have a number of complex decisions to make about when to test, when to treat, and when to simply reassure. | 2009 | 19797457 |
| h1n1 vaccine for prevention of pandemic influenza. | the fda has licensed 4 new monovalent vaccines for prevention of respiratory illness caused by a new influenza a h1n1 virus that appears to be derived from a swine strain. the 5th vaccine should be licensed soon. all of these vaccines are expected to become available in october. an intranasal formulation is expected in the first week of october. | 2009 | 19798010 |
| [human infection with swine influenza virus]. | | 2009 | 19799131 |
| [effect of swine influenza virus and its gene reassortment on the circulation of human influenza]. | | 2009 | 19799132 |
| which factors are important in adults' uptake of a (pre)pandemic influenza vaccine? | since 2008, (pre)pandemic vaccines against h5n1 influenza have been available and pandemic vaccines against new influenza h1n1 are currently produced. in the netherlands, the vaccination call for seasonal influenza among the recommended groups approximates 70%. these statistics raise the question if adults in western societies are willing to get a (pre)pandemic influenza vaccination, for example, against avian h5n1 or swine-like h1n1 virus. a questionnaire was performed to determine the predicto ... | 2009 | 19800997 |
| antibacterial agents in patients with swine flu. | | 2009 | 19801181 |
| differential susceptibility of different cell lines to swine-origin influenza a h1n1, seasonal human influenza a h1n1, and avian influenza a h5n1 viruses. | the novel swine-origin influenza a h1n1 virus (s-oiv) causes the current pandemic. its tissue tropism and replication in different cell lines are not well understood. | 2009 | 19801200 |
| swine origin influenza (swine flu). | swine origin influenza was first recognized in the border area of mexico and united states in april 2009 and during a short span of two months became the first pandemic. the currently circulating strain of swine origin influenza virus of the h1n1 strain has undergone triple reassortment and contains genes from the avian, swine and human viruses. it is transmitted by droplets or fomites. incubation period is 2 to 7 days. common clinical symptoms are indistinguishable by any viral respiratory illn ... | 2009 | 19802552 |
| swine flu: what to expect? | | 2009 | 19802906 |
| influenza a (h1n1) 2009: a pandemic alarm. | at this critical juncture when the world has not yet recovered from the threat of avian influenza, the virus has returned in the disguise of swine influenza, a lesser known illness common in pigs. it has reached pandemic proportions in a short time span with health personnel still devising ways to identify the novel h1n1 virus and develop vaccines against it. the h1n1 virus has caused a considerable number of deaths within the short duration since its emergence. presently, there are no effective ... | 2009 | 19805908 |
| initial psychological responses to influenza a, h1n1 ("swine flu"). | the outbreak of the pandemic flu, influenza a h1n1 (swine flu) in early 2009, provided a major challenge to health services around the world. previous pandemics have led to stockpiling of goods, the victimisation of particular population groups, and the cancellation of travel and the boycotting of particular foods (e.g. pork). we examined initial behavioural and attitudinal responses towards influenza a, h1n1 ("swine flu") in the six days following the who pandemic alert level 5, and regional di ... | 2009 | 19807908 |
| european agency approves swine flu vaccines for licensing. | | 2009 | 19808835 |
| reassortment patterns in swine influenza viruses. | three human influenza pandemics occurred in the twentieth century, in 1918, 1957, and 1968. influenza pandemic strains are the results of emerging viruses from non-human reservoirs to which humans have little or no immunity. at least two of these pandemic strains, in 1957 and in 1968, were the results of reassortments between human and avian viruses. also, many cases of swine influenza viruses have reportedly infected humans, in particular, the recent h1n1 influenza virus of swine origin, isolat ... | 2009 | 19809504 |
| an update on swine-origin influenza virus a/h1n1: a review. | influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. the emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities. the recent flu pandemic caused by a swine-origin influenza virus a/h1n1 (s-oiv) presents an opportunity to examine virulence factors, the spread of the infection and to prepare for major influenza outbreaks in the future. the virus contains a novel constellation of gene segments, t ... | 2009 | 19809872 |
| swine flu: lessons from the first wave of a pandemic. | | 2009 | 19810263 |
| swine flu and meningitis. | | 2009 | 19810275 |
| swine flu--a new threat to community. | | 2009 | 19813675 |
| review article: influenza a (h1n1) virus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | infection with influenza a (h1n1)v (swine flu) has caused widespread anxiety, among patients who are potentially immunocompromised, such as those being treated for inflammatory bowel disease. | 2010 | 19814744 |
| development of a real-time rt-pcr assay for a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus. | a pandemic caused by a novel influenza a virus (h1n1) poses a serious public health threat. in this study, a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay based on the hemagglutinin gene was developed that discriminates the novel h1n1 from swine influenza virus, seasonal h1n1/h3n2 virus and the highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus. the sensitivity of this assay was 0.2 50% tissue culture infective dose of virus and 200 copies of in vitro-transcribed target rna. three hundred and for ... | 2010 | 19815030 |
| the pandemic 2009 (h1n1) swine influenza virus is mild compared to the pandemic 1918 (h1n1) virus because of a proline-to-serine substitution in the receptor-binding site of its hemagglutinin - a hypothesis. | the relative mildness of the pandemic 2009 (h1n1) swine influenza virus compared to the 1918 pandemic (h1n1) virus may be due to a variety of possible causes, including the existence of effective immunity in the host, the lessened ability of the virus to bind to target cells or to replicate in them, a diminished secretion of molecules that could cause further complications like pneumonia, etc. a comparison of the hemagglutinin sequences from the pandemic 2009 (h1n1) viruses with that of the 1918 ... | 2010 | 19819081 |
| the first pandemic of the 21st century: a review of the 2009 pandemic variant influenza a (h1n1) virus. | swine influenza was first described in the 1918 pandemic and made a resurgence in april 2009 in the form of a triple-reassortant influenza a virus, which is composed of a combination of human, swine, and eurasian avian strains. as evidenced with previous influenza pandemics, young adults and children aged < 24 years are the population most affected. definitive diagnosis has largely been limited by the inability of conventional influenza testing to distinguish among influenza a subtypes; however, ... | 2009 | 19820273 |
| [new influenza a (h1n1) pandemia and cancer patients: what do we do?]. | the new swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) strain (s-oiv) pandemia may expose immunodepressed cancer patients under chemotherapy to an increased risk of mortality. here, we put into perspective available antiviral treatments and influenza vaccination efficacy in cancer patients and consider that recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination for these patients are applicable for the upcoming s-oiv vaccines. we recommend a triple vaccination in cancer patients (seasonal influenza, s-oiv, strepto ... | 2009 | 19822486 |
| glycans on influenza hemagglutinin affect receptor binding and immune response. | recent cases of avian influenza h5n1 and the swine-origin 2009 h1n1 have caused a great concern that a global disaster like the 1918 influenza pandemic may occur again. viral transmission begins with a critical interaction between hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein, which is on the viral coat of influenza, and sialic acid (sa) containing glycans, which are on the host cell surface. to elucidate the role of ha glycosylation in this important interaction, various defined ha glycoforms were prepared, ... | 2009 | 19822741 |
| swine flu: influenza a/h1n1 2009: the unseen and unsaid. | | 2009 | 19824785 |
| diagnostic importance of relative lymphopenia as a marker of swine influenza (h1n1) in adults. | | 2009 | 19824851 |
| severe acute respiratory disease in the setting of an epidemic of swine-origin type a h1n1 influenza at a reference hospital in entre ríos, argentina. | | 2009 | 19824855 |
| [inquired of the president of the.robert koch institute. how dangerous is mexican influenza?]. | | 2009 | 19827433 |
| [swine flu: epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prophylaxis]. | virus of piggy grippe is a virus of type a, which has greatly changed in it's antigenic structure. as a result, has appeared a new variant of germ (syb-type), in relation to which vaccines, used for period 2008-2009, are unsuccessful. virus represents a real risk for life and health of millions of people. experts of world health organization are sure, that eruption can lead to a global expansion of virus. to the group of high risk refer: children younger then 5 years old, full-growns of 50 years ... | 2009 | 19827668 |
| the effects of influenza a virus pb1-f2 protein on polymerase activity are strain specific and do not impact pathogenesis. | the influenza a virus pb1-f2 protein has been implicated as a virulence factor, but the mechanism by which it enhances pathogenicity is not understood. the pb1 gene segment of the h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus pandemic strain codes for a truncated pb1-f2 protein which terminates after 11 amino acids but could acquire the full-length form by mutation or reassortment. it is therefore important to understand the function and impact of this protein. we systematically assessed the effect that pb1 ... | 2010 | 19828614 |
| swine flu vaccine: present status. | in early 2009, "swine flu", a new infectious disease, emerged in mexico and further spread around the world. it is currently accepted as the most problematic infection at present. to control this new infection, the swine flu vaccine is the hope. the reasons that we need the swine flu vaccine will be discussed. also, the present status, current attempts and problems of swine flu vaccine development will be presented in this commentary. | 2009 | 19829084 |
| [for a predictable pandemic, an unpredictable virus]. | | 2009 | 19831308 |
| sample submissions drop despite novel h1n1 concerns. | | 2009 | 19835014 |
| design and clinical application of a molecular method for detection and typing of the influenza a/h1n1pdm virus. | in march/april 2009, mexico experienced an outbreak of respiratory illness, due to a new influenza of swine origin virus, which spread rapidly via human-to-human transmission, and became pandemic (a/h1n1pdm). because of its unique genome composition, which includes gene segments of swine, avian and human origin, and to the considerable differences to the human influenza a viruses that have circulated so far, the currently used molecular methods proved inadequate. based on published sequences, a ... | 2010 | 19836420 |
| swine influenza matrix 2 (m2) protein contributes to protection against infection with different h1 swine influenza virus (siv) isolates. | a swine influenza virus (siv) vaccine-challenge pig model was used to study the potential of a conserved matrix 2 (m2) protein vaccine alone or in combination with an inactivated h1n1-vaccine to protect against h1n1 and h1n2 viruses. the h1n1-vaccine and heterologous h1n2-challenge virus model has previously been shown to prolong fever and increase siv-associated pneumonic lesions. the m2 vaccine in combination with the h1n1-vaccine reduced the h1n2 induced fever but not virus shedding. the m2 v ... | 2009 | 19837089 |
| outside the box and into thick air: implementation of an exterior mobile pediatric emergency response team for north american h1n1 (swine) influenza virus in houston, texas. | we describe the implementation of a mobile pediatric emergency response team for mildly ill children with influenza-like illnesses during the h1n1 swine influenza outbreak. | 2010 | 19837479 |
| prior infection with an h1n1 swine influenza virus partially protects pigs against a low pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus. | most humans lack virus neutralizing (vn) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies to h5n1 avian influenza viruses (aivs), but cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibition (ni) antibodies and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses are common. these immune responses result largely from infections with seasonal human h1n1 influenza viruses, but the protective effect of h1n1 infection-immunity against h5n1 infection has never been examined. to this purpose, we have used the pig model of influenza a ... | 2009 | 19840669 |
| point-of-care testing for disasters: needs assessment, strategic planning, and future design. | objective evidence-based national surveys serve as a first step in identifying suitable point-of-care device designs, effective test clusters, and environmental operating conditions. preliminary survey results show the need for point-of-care testing (poct) devices using test clusters that specifically detect pathogens found in disaster scenarios. hurricane katrina, the tsunami in southeast asia, and the current influenza pandemic (h1n1, "swine flu") vividly illustrate lack of national and global ... | 2009 | 19840690 |
| birdflu2009: avian influenza and human health. 9-10 september 2009, oxford, uk. | the birdflu2009 meeting entitled avian influenza and human health, held in oxford, included topics covering new developments in the control of seasonal, avian and swine influenza virus infection, with a focus on the human-animal interface. this conference report highlights selected presentations on sialidase therapy for influenza infection, the use of ivigs to study antibody diversity and reactivity, detecting oseltamivir carboxylate in waste water, h5n1 infection in egyptian children, preparedn ... | 2009 | 19844852 |
| prime-boost immunization with ha/c3d dna followed by a recombinant pseudorabies virus boost enhanced protective immunity against h3n2 swine influenza virus in mice. | dna and recombinant virus vaccines against swine influenza virus (siv) have been pursued with promising results, but induce poor immunogenicity. this study evaluated the effects of a vaccine regimen in mice including priming with three dna vaccines expressing soluble ha (sha), complete ha (tmha), or sha fused with three copies murine c3d (sha-mc3d3) and boosting with recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing ha (rprv-ha). immune responses were monitored by elisa, hi assays, and virus neutralizat ... | 2010 | 19850311 |
| alphavirus replicon particle vaccines developed for use in humans induce high levels of antibodies to influenza virus hemagglutinin in swine: proof of concept. | a propagation-defective, single-cycle, alphavirus replicon particle (rp) system was used to produce two vaccines against human influenza virus a/wyoming/03/2003 (h3n2). one vaccine was prepared from venezeulan equine encephalitis virus (veev) strain 3014 and the other from veev strain tc-83. both vaccines induced high antibody titers to the influenza hemagglutinin (ha) protein and illustrated the potential of using alphavirus rp influenza vaccines in swine. | 2010 | 19853679 |
| [pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza a (h1n1) virus]. | the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and acute lung injury (ali) are part of a devastating syndrome characterized by acute onset, hypoxemia, and bilateral infiltrates on chest x-rays. ali/ards is the response of the lung to a local or systemic aggression, resulting in local inflammation and coagulation disorders, which lead to increased inflammatory pulmonary edema. ards is a major cause of morbidity, death, and cost in intensive care units. the most common cause is sepsis. we present ... | 2009 | 19854543 |
| swine flu outbreak: dissemination of information. | | 2009 | 19856519 |
| avoiding guillan-barré syndrome following swine origin pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza vaccination. | | 2009 | 19857155 |
| cases of swine flu in england almost double in a week. | | 2009 | 19858182 |
| spain and swine flu. | | 2009 | 19858273 |
| evolution in health and medicine sackler colloquium: the comparative genomics of viral emergence. | rna viruses are the main agents of emerging and re-emerging diseases. it is therefore important to reveal the evolutionary processes that underpin their ability to jump species boundaries and establish themselves in new hosts. here, i discuss how comparative genomics can contribute to this endeavor. arguably the most important evolutionary process in rna virus evolution, abundant mutation, may even open up avenues for their control through "lethal mutagenesis." despite this remarkable mutational ... | 2010 | 19858482 |
| a case of chronic fatigue syndrome triggered by influenza h1n1 (swine influenza). | this case report describes an adolescent boy who was diagnosed as suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome 5 months after infection with h1n1 influenza. | 2010 | 19858526 |
| bird flu, swine flu, and resistant influenza: the scary development of antiviral-resistant strains-part 2: novel a(h1n1): the flu we never expected. | | 2009 | 19858899 |
| evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. | | 2009 | 19859024 |
| swine h1n1 influenza in a post liver transplant patient. | | 2009 | 19859096 |
| genetic stability and linkage analysis of the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) virus based on sequence homology. | the 2009 swine-origin influenza a virus subtype h1n1 (s-oiv) is generally believed to be a mixture of human, bird and swine viruses, resulting from multiple reassortments. the evolutionary origin of the s-oiv is of high interest but still remains obscure. in order to understand the evolution of the new virus, we performed sequence homology, segment stability and segment linkage analysis, as well as analysis of the host and geographic distribution of the evolutionarily related viruses. stability ... | 2009 | 19859785 |
| identification and characterization of a highly virulent triple reassortant h1n1 swine influenza virus in the united states. | a highly virulent h1n1 influenza a virus, a/swine/kansas/77778/2007 (ks07), which caused approximately 10% mortality in finishing pigs, was isolated from herds in the midwestern united states. molecular and phylogenic analysis revealed this swine isolate was a triple reassortant virus, similar to an h1n1 virus that infected humans and pigs at an ohio county fair in august 2007. a pig challenge model was developed to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmission capacity of the ks07 virus. the resu ... | 2010 | 19862613 |
| [what is special about the new swine flu virus?]. | | 2009 | 19862710 |
| nmc under fire for lack of support on swine flu surge. | | 2009 | 19863025 |
| coming soon to an icu near you: severe pandemic influenza in icu patients in spain. | a novel strain of swine influenza a h1n1 has already disseminated worldwide and has become a major clinical problem for intensive care units in selected areas. many regions in the southern hemisphere are currently struggling to keep up with the influx of severely affected patients with acute respiratory failure from primary influenza pneumonia. the northern hemisphere is bracing for a similar surge of patients over this winter's influenza season. this initial report of ventilatory needs for pati ... | 2009 | 19863761 |
| the first swedish h1n2 swine influenza virus isolate represents an uncommon reassortant. | the european swine influenza viruses (sivs) show considerable diversity comprising different types of h1n1, h3n2, and h1n2 strains. the intensifying full genome sequencing efforts reveal further reassortants within these subtypes. here we report the identification of an uncommon reassortant variant of h1n2 subtype influenza virus isolated from a pig in a multisite herd where h1n2 swine influenza was diagnosed for the first time in sweden during the winter of 2008-2009. the majority of the europe ... | 2009 | 19863790 |
| generation of live attenuated novel influenza virus a/california/7/09 (h1n1) vaccines with high yield in embryonated chicken eggs. | several live attenuated influenza virus a/california/7/09 (h1n1) (ca09) candidate vaccine variants that possess the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from the ca09 virus and six internal protein gene segments from the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) virus were generated by reverse genetics. the reassortant viruses replicated relatively poorly in embryonated chicken eggs. to improve virus growth in eggs, reassortants expressing the ha and na of ca09 were ... | 2010 | 19864389 |
| introduction of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus into milwaukee, wisconsin in 2009. | on 17 april 2009, novel swine origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) cases appeared within the united states. most influenza a diagnostic assays currently utilized in local clinical laboratories do not allow definitive subtype determination. detailed subtype analysis of influenza a positive samples in our laboratory allowed early confirmation of a large outbreak of s-oiv in southeastern wisconsin (sew). the initial case of s-oiv in sew was detected on 28 april 2009. all influenza a samples obtained du ... | 2009 | 19865496 |
| masks might limit spread of swine flu. | | 2009 | 19866549 |
| neutralizing antibodies in human serum after influenza a : the lack of strain specificity in the immunological response. | the increased concentrations of neutralizing antibodies against influenza a virus in human serum which occur after influenza a do not differentiate between antigenically different strains of this virus or swine influenza virus but instead appear to possess equal reactivity against these agents. the decrease in antibody levels which occurs with time is also independent of the strain of virus used to measure it. | 1941 | 19871146 |
| managing pandemic (h1n1) 2009. | | 2009 | 19873871 |
| lung pathology in fatal novel human influenza a (h1n1) infection. | there are no reports of the systemic human pathology of the novel swine h1n1 influenza (s-oiv) infection. | 2010 | 19875682 |
| heart failure in swine flu: a note. | | 2009 | 19879469 |
| swine flu vaccines: reaching the finish line. | the emergence of a swine influenza virus (h1n1) pandemic strain earlier this year prompted a huge worldwide effort to produce swine flu vaccines in time for the winter flu season. justine davies reports. | 2009 | 19879829 |
| enhancement of reverse genetics-derived swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus seed vaccine growth by inclusion of indigenous polymerase pb1 protein. | the current pandemic of a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus (s-oiv) highlighted the need to urgently develop vaccines that can be used in a rapid response against the pathogen. reverse genetics has been employed as an alternative means for the generation of influenza seed vaccines. however, reassortant viruses containing 6 internal genes from a/pr/8/34 and the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes from s-oiv showed very slow growth characteristics, hampering the speed of vaccine ... | 2010 | 19879908 |
| [the 24 may, 2009 isolation of the first a/iiv-moscow/01/2009 (h1n1)swl strain similar to swine a(h1n1) influenza virus from the first moscow case detected on may 21, 2009, and its deposit in the state collection of viruses (scv no. 2452 dated may 24, 2009)]. | the paper presents the results of the first isolation of the new influenza virus in moscow and the russian federation, which was similar to the swine a/iiv-moscow/01/2009(h1n1)swl strain isolated on may 24, 2009 from a russian arrived in moscow from the usa on may 19, 2009. the antigenic, biological, and molecular genetic properties of this virus were studied. the virus was isolated on mdck and chick embryos, the hemagglutination titers being 1:8-1:16 ae; the infectious titers being 6.51g of the ... | 2009 | 19882896 |
| detection of novel swine origin influenza a virus (h1n1) by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | rapid detection of novel swine origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) (h1n1) is crucial for timely implementation of infection control measures. in this study, a haemagglutinin (ha) gene-based real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay was developed for the specific detection of s-oiv (h1n1). the assay was evaluated and validated by comparing it with existing detection methods for s-oiv (h1n1). results obtained in a 10-fold dilution series assay demonstrated the analytic sensiti ... | 2010 | 19883690 |
| detection of human novel influenza a (h1n1) viruses using multi-fluorescent real-time rt-pcr. | the novel influenza a (h1n1) virus is now rapidly spreading across the world. early detection is one of the most effective measures to prevent further transmission of the virus. 4 sets of proprietary primers and probes designed for detection of influenza a viruses (infa), human and swine h1n1 viruses (sh1), the novel h1n1 viruses (nh1) and rnasep gene (rp) respectively were pooled together in a single tube for a multi-fluorescent real-time rt-pcr assay. the detection limit was found to be one or ... | 2010 | 19883704 |
| number of swine flu patients going into intensive care is rising. | | 2009 | 19884211 |
| share with women. h1n1 flu (swine flu). | | 2009 | 19886299 |
| transmission and control of an emerging influenza pandemic in a small-world airline network. | the avian influenza virus h5n1 and the 2009 swine flu h1n1 are potentially serious pandemic threats to human health, and air travel readily facilitates the spread of infectious diseases. however, past studies have not yet incorporated the effects of air travel on the transmission of influenza in the construction of mathematical epidemic models. therefore, this paper focused on the human-to-human transmission of influenza, and investigated the effects of air travel activities on an influenza pand ... | 2010 | 19887149 |
| mechanism of glycan receptor recognition and specificity switch for avian, swine, and human adapted influenza virus hemagglutinins: a molecular dynamics perspective. | hemagglutinins (ha's) from duck, swine, and human influenza viruses have previously been shown to prefer avian and human glycan receptor analogues with distinct topological profiles, pentasaccharides lsta (alpha-2,3 linkage) and lstc (alpha-2,6 linkage), in comparative molecular dynamics studies. on the basis of detailed analyses of the dynamic motions of the receptor binding domains (rbds) and interaction energy profiles with individual glycan residues, we have identified approximately 30 resid ... | 2009 | 19891427 |
| swine flu pandemic. developing countries to get some h1n1 vaccine--but when? | | 2009 | 19892952 |
| h1n1 pandemic: life span considerations. | in march 2009, a child in mexico was infected with novel influenza a (h1n1), otherwise known as swine flu. otherwise healthy children in that small town came down with it shortly after, as well as others from other countries who had visited mexico or been visited by someone from mexico, as was the case in the united states. the centers for disease control and prevention confirmed the first 2 cases in april 2009 and has been working together with local health departments to do syndromic surveilla ... | 2009 | 19893372 |
| pandemic lessons. | australia is in the midst of its traditional influenza season. this year the spectrum of viral respiratory infections has been joined by a newcomer as feared as any previous variation of influenza. human swine flu, a novel influenza a h1n1 virus (now known as 'h1n1 09'), emerged from the americas into the full glare of western media and the world health organization (who) spotlights. improvements in global public health infrastructure since the 20th century pandemics were set to be challenged by ... | 2009 | 19893775 |
| comment on: swine flu and antibiotics. | | 2010 | 19897507 |
| steve reed. interviewed by charlotte schubert. | steve reed believes the organization he has founded has the potential to radically increase the developing world's access to vaccines for neglected diseases. the efforts of the seattle-based infectious disease research institute (idri), which operates as a not-for-profit biotech company, may start to pay off during the h1n1 'swine' flu pandemic. idri developed an adjuvant to boost the effectiveness and supplies of flu vaccines and is making the technology available to vaccine manufacturers in de ... | 2009 | 19898441 |