| pandemic or no pandemic: emergence of swine influenza a (h1n1) in 2009. | | 2009 | 19539828 |
| preparing the outbreak assistance laboratory network in the netherlands for the detection of the influenza virus a(h1n1) variant. | late april 2009, human infection with variant influenza virus a(h1n1)v emerged in the northern americas posing a threat that this virus may become the next pandemic influenza virus. | 2009 | 19540155 |
| the 2009 h1n1 influenza outbreak in its historical context. | of the 16 known serotypes of influenza a haemagglutinin, 6 have been isolated from humans at the molecular level (h1, h2, h3, h5, h7, h9). 3 of these have been involved in past pandemics (h1, h2, h3). traditional pandemic surveillance has focussed on monitoring antigenic shift, meaning the re-assortment of novel haemagglutinins into seasonal human influenza a viruses during rare events of double infection with seasonal and zoonotic strains. h5, from avian h5n1 influenza, has been the major cause ... | 2009 | 19540156 |
| development of a real-time rt-pcr for the detection of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infections. | a novel influenza a virus, subtype h1n1 of swine-lineage (h1n1 swl) has transmitted rapidly to many regions of the world with evidence of sustained transmission within some countries. rapid detection and differentiation from seasonal influenza is essential to instigate appropriate patient and public health management and for disease surveillance. | 2009 | 19540799 |
| emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) h1n1 virus in humans. | a recently emerged novel influenza a h1n1 virus continues to spread globally. the virus contains a novel constellation of gene segments, the nearest known precursors being viruses found in swine and it likely arose through reassortment of two or more viruses of swine origin. h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 subtype swine influenza viruses have occasionally infected humans before but such zoonotic transmission events did not lead to sustained human-to-human transmission in the manner this swine-origin influen ... | 2009 | 19540800 |
| diagnosis of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | | 2009 | 19541026 |
| diagnosis of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | | 2009 | 19541028 |
| defining priorities: swine-origin h1n1 and the mdr-tb epidemic. | | 2009 | 19541029 |
| swine-origin influenza virus in young age groups. | | 2009 | 19541030 |
| swine flu. after delays, who agrees: the 2009 pandemic has begun. | | 2009 | 19541958 |
| novel swine-origin influenza a virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door. | influenza a viruses represent a continuous pandemic threat. in april 2009, a novel influenza a virus, the so-called swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv), was identified in mexico. although s-oiv originates from triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) that has been circulating in north american pig herds since the end of the 1990s, s-oiv is readily transmitted between humans but is not epidemic in pigs. after its discovery, s-oiv rapidly spread throughout the world within few weeks. in ... | 2009 | 19543913 |
| patchy pig monitoring may hide flu threat. | | 2009 | 19544601 |
| 2009 h1n1/swine flu--anatomy of an outbreak. | | 2009 | 19544611 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) and hiv. the cdc offers guidance for hiv-infected patients potentially exposed to swine flu. | | 2009 | 19544612 |
| modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (h1n1). | here we present a review of the literature of influenza modeling studies, and discuss how these models can provide insights into the future of the currently circulating novel strain of influenza a (h1n1), formerly known as swine flu. we discuss how the feasibility of controlling an epidemic critically depends on the value of the basic reproduction number (r0). the r0 for novel influenza a (h1n1) has recently been estimated to be between 1.4 and 1.6. this value is below values of r0 estimated for ... | 2009 | 19545404 |
| how to prevent, recognize and diagnose infection with the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans. | in march of 2009, a flu epidemic began in mexico. shortly thereafter, similar cases appeared in other countries, alerting authorities to the risk of a pandemic. this article details the principal signs and symptoms of infection with the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. in addition, the measures to be taken in suspected or confirmed cases are addressed, as are the procedures to follow in relation to contacts. furthermore, the drugs used in the prophylaxis against and the treatment of infect ... | 2009 | 19547857 |
| uk swine flu cases near 3000, as gp leader says use of tamiflu may need to be rethought. | | 2009 | 19549666 |
| emergence of european avian influenza virus-like h1n1 swine influenza a viruses in china. | during swine influenza surveillance from 2007 to 2008, 10 h1n1 viruses were isolated and analyzed for their antigenic and phylogenetic properties. our study revealed the emergence of avian-origin european h1n1 swine influenza virus in china, which highlights the necessity of swine influenza surveillance for potential pandemic preparedness. | 2009 | 19553585 |
| detection of novel (swine origin) h1n1 influenza a virus by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | | 2009 | 19553589 |
| what is the optimal therapy for patients with h5n1 influenza? | background to the debate: in a 2007 article in plos medicine[10], holger j. schünemann and colleagues described a new process used by the world health organization for rapidly developing clinical management guidelines in emergency situations. these situations include outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. the authors discussed how they developed such a "rapid advice" guideline for the pharmacological management of avian influenza a (h5n1) virus infection. the guideline recommends giving the ... | 2009 | 19554084 |
| eyes on the swine. | | 2009 | 19555012 |
| reacting to the emergence of swine-origin influenza a h1n1. | | 2009 | 19555898 |
| [consideration on the flu that we do not want to call "swine": an european point of view]. | | 2009 | 19556052 |
| swine flu pandemic announced. | | 2009 | 19557045 |
| swine influenza a (h1n1) strikes a potential for global disaster. | as of april 25(th)2009, 11.00 am, eight human cases of swine influenza a virus infection have been identified in the united states in california and texas. there is also established evidence of similar cases across the united states border in mexico. experts from the centers for disease control and prevention in cooperation with world health organization and public health experts from canada and mexico are leading an exhaustive investigation to find the source of infection and infected people. w ... | 2009 | 19561969 |
| swine-origin influenza a h1n1 update. | | 2009 | 19562860 |
| "prepandemic" immunization for novel influenza viruses, "swine flu" vaccine, guillain-barré syndrome, and the detection of rare severe adverse events. | the availability of immunogenic, licensed h5n1 vaccines and the anticipated development of vaccines against "swine" influenza a(h1n1) have stimulated debate about the possible use of these vaccines for protection of those exposed to potential pandemic influenza viruses and for immunization or "priming" of populations in the so-called "prepandemic" (interpandemic) era. however, the safety of such vaccines is a critical issue in policy development for wide-scale application of vaccines in the inte ... | 2009 | 19563262 |
| naturally occurring influenza infection in a ferret (mustela putorius furo) colony. | tissue samples from 2 juvenile ferrets (mustela putorius furo) from a colony that was undergoing an outbreak of respiratory disease were submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory. microscopic examination of lung samples revealed bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis. influenza a virus was detected in sections of formalin-fixed lung by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. a field investigation of the p ... | 2009 | 19564504 |
| the persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus. | | 2009 | 19564629 |
| pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) in mexico. | in late march 2009, an outbreak of a respiratory illness later proved to be caused by novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified in mexico. we describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of persons hospitalized for pneumonia at the national tertiary hospital for respiratory illnesses in mexico city who had laboratory-confirmed s-oiv infection, also known as swine flu. | 2009 | 19564631 |
| historical perspective--emergence of influenza a (h1n1) viruses. | | 2009 | 19564632 |
| severe respiratory disease concurrent with the circulation of h1n1 influenza. | in the spring of 2009, an outbreak of severe pneumonia was reported in conjunction with the concurrent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv), widely known as swine flu, in mexico. influenza a (h1n1) subtype viruses have rarely predominated since the 1957 pandemic. the analysis of epidemic pneumonia in the absence of routine diagnostic tests can provide information about risk factors for severe disease from this virus and prospects for its control. | 2009 | 19564633 |
| rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans. | | 2009 | 19564634 |
| swine flu of 1976: lessons from the past. an interview with dr harvey v fineberg. | | 2009 | 19565118 |
| swine flu. | | 2009 | 19565682 |
| two more people in uk die from swine flu, as swabbing policy ends in "hot spot" areas. | | 2009 | 19567470 |
| public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. | to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales. | 2009 | 19574308 |
| transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza viruses in ferrets and mice. | recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. in this study, selected 2009 a(h1n1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal h1n1 virus for their ability to transmit to naïve ferrets through respiratory droplets. in contrast to ... | 2009 | 19574347 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus in ferrets. | the swine-origin a(h1n1) influenza virus that has emerged in humans in early 2009 has raised concerns about pandemic developments. in a ferret pathogenesis and transmission model, the 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus was found to be more pathogenic than a seasonal a(h1n1) virus, with more extensive virus replication occurring in the respiratory tract. replication of seasonal a(h1n1) virus was confined to the nasal cavity of ferrets, but the 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus also replicated in the trachea ... | 2009 | 19574348 |
| the epitope regions of h1-subtype influenza a, with application to vaccine efficacy. | the recent emergence of h1n1 (swine flu) illustrates the ability of the influenza virus to create antigens new to the human immune system, even within a given hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtype. this new h1n1 strain is sufficiently distinct, for example, from the a/brisbane/59/2007 (h1n1)-like virus strain of influenza in the 2008/09 northern hemisphere vaccine that protection is not expected to be substantial. the human immune system responds primarily to the five epitope regions of the he ... | 2009 | 19578121 |
| a pandemic that's not bird flu? pigs might fly. | with the recent outbreak of swine influenza, the world may be facing this century's first influenza pandemic. in mexico, around 2000 patients have been hospitalised with respiratory illness and almost 150 people have died. several other countries have reported smaller numbers of suspected and confirmed cases of swine influenza. this 2009 influenza a virus is a strain of the h1n1 subtype, and appears to be a human-avian reassortment swine virus influenza. it is likely that sustained human-to-huma ... | 2009 | 19580537 |
| who should receive tamiflu for swine flu? | | 2009 | 19581318 |
| origin of the 2009 mexico influenza virus: a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the principal external antigens and matrix protein. | triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) viruses, containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses, emerged and became an outbreak among humans worldwide. over a 1,000 cases were identified within the first month, chiefly in mexico and the united states. here, the phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and matrix protein (mp) was carried out. the analysis showed that the h1 of this reassortant originated from american pigs, while na and mp were more likel ... | 2009 | 19582546 |
| [darwin's principles direct the development of a/h1n1. influenza virus evolution enormously complex--the new influenza is not and exception]. | | 2009 | 19583012 |
| ligand-based dual target drug design for h1n1: swine flu--a preliminary first study. | in march and april, 2009, an outbreak of h1n1 influenza in mexico had led to hundreds of confirmed cases and the death toll had risen to 160. the worldwide spread of h1n1 has been attracting global attention and arising an overwhelming fear. so far, the vaccine and remedy has been in urgent need. in this study, a qsar model and pharmacophore map of neuraminidase (na) type 1 (n1) contained two hydrogen bond acceptor features, one hydrogen bond donor feature, and one positive ionizable feature. nc ... | 2009 | 19583443 |
| how well did health departments communicate about risk at the start of the swine flu epidemic in 2009? | on sunday, 26 april 2009, the secretary of the u.s. department of health and human services declared a public health emergency in response to the outbreak of h1n1 influenza (known as swine flu) in the united states. through an analysis of state and local health department web sites, we determined whether departments were able to provide online information to their constituents within twenty-four hours of the declaration. the overwhelming majority of state health departments, and more than half o ... | 2009 | 19584082 |
| patients and doctors are asked to report antivirals' side effects as swine flu spreads. | | 2009 | 19584111 |
| novel swine-origin influenza virus a (h1n1): the first pandemic of the 21st century. | an influenza epidemic was detected in april 2009 at the border between the united states and mexico. the virus was identified soon after to be a swine-origin influenza virus a (s-oiv a) (h1n1). this virus has an ha gene that is derived from the 1918 swine influenza virus and other genes from human, avian, and eurasian swine influenza viruses. clinically, it behaves similarly to seasonal influenza. the only differentiating characteristics are vomiting and diarrhea in a quarter of infected patient ... | 2009 | 19586825 |
| rapid method to support diagnosis of swine origin influenza virus infection by sequencing of real-time pcr amplicons from diagnostic assays. | | 2009 | 19587304 |
| who to call on nations with high rates of swine flu to move away from testing all suspected cases. | | 2009 | 19589827 |
| pandemic influenza. straight from the pig's mouth: swine research with swine influenzas. | | 2009 | 19589977 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of the novel swine-origin influenza virus a/h1n1 after experimental infection of pigs. | influenza virus a/h1n1, which is currently causing a pandemic, contains gene segments with ancestors in the north american and eurasian swine lineages. to get insights into virus replication dynamics, clinical symptoms and virus transmission in pigs, we infected animals intranasally with influenza virus a/regensburg/d6/09/h1n1. virus excretion in the inoculated pigs was detected in nasal swabs from 1 day post-infection (p.i.) onwards and the pigs developed generally mild symptoms, including feve ... | 2009 | 19592456 |
| swine influenza virus has caused considerable concern around the world. | | 2009 | 19594393 |
| vaccine efficacy and immune response to swine influenza virus challenge in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at the time of siv vaccination. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of concurrent infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) on the efficacy of an inactivated swine influenza virus (siv) vaccine. eight groups of pigs were infected with a virulent prrsv isolate either between the two siv vaccines or at the time of siv challenge. control groups included siv vaccination without prrsv and pigs infected with siv and/or prrsv. pigs infected with prrsv during vaccination showed increas ... | 2009 | 19595522 |
| dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. | pandemic influenza viruses cause significant mortality in humans. in the 20th century, 3 influenza viruses caused major pandemics: the 1918 h1n1 virus, the 1957 h2n2 virus, and the 1968 h3n2 virus. these pandemics were initiated by the introduction and successful adaptation of a novel hemagglutinin subtype to humans from an animal source, resulting in antigenic shift. despite global concern regarding a new pandemic influenza, the emergence pathway of pandemic strains remains unknown. here we est ... | 2009 | 19597152 |
| characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of h1n1 and h1n2 swine influenza virus in the united states. | h1 influenza a viruses that were distinct from the classical swine h1 lineage were identified in pigs in canada in 2003–2004; antigenic and genetic characterization identified the hemagglutinin (ha) as human h1 lineage. the viruses identified in canadian pigs were human lineage in entirety or double (human–swine) reassortants. here, we report the whole genome sequence analysis of four human-like h1 viruses isolated from u.s. swine in 2005 and 2007. all four isolates were characterized as triple ... | 2009 | 19597980 |
| [the "swine flu" influenza a/h1n1 - pandemia on trial]. | | 2009 | 19603372 |
| gps will lead uk's swine flu vaccination campaign. | | 2009 | 19605430 |
| single-reaction genomic amplification accelerates sequencing and vaccine production for classical and swine origin human influenza a viruses. | pandemic influenza a viruses that emerge from animal reservoirs are inevitable. therefore, rapid genomic analysis and creation of vaccines are vital. we developed a multisegment reverse transcription-pcr (m-rtpcr) approach that simultaneously amplifies eight genomic rna segments, irrespective of virus subtype. m-rtpcr amplicons can be used for high-throughput sequencing and/or cloned into modified reverse-genetics plasmids via regions of sequence identity. we used these procedures to rescue a co ... | 2009 | 19605485 |
| detection in 2009 of the swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus by a subtyping microarray. | | 2009 | 19605579 |
| practice corner: swine flu in 2009: what does the future hold? | | 2009 | 19605660 |
| [influenza with virus a/h1n1: questions and answers]. | | 2009 | 19606577 |
| swine flu pandemic: mission accomplished? | | 2009 | 19606878 |
| molecular analysis and characterization of swine and human influenza viruses isolated in hungary in 2006–2007. | in order to provide additional information to the epidemiological situation in middle europe and open further possibilities to investigate the transmission of influenza viruses between species, the viral genomes of three influenza a virus isolates (one human and two swine) collected from north-east hungary in 2006–2007 have been fully sequenced and characterized. the sequence analysis reveals strong geographical relationships between the internal genes of the two swine viruses; the human isolate ... | 2009 | 19609664 |
| mcp-1 antibody treatment enhances damage and impedes repair of the alveolar epithelium in influenza pneumonitis. | recent studies have demonstrated an essential role of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection. enhanced mortalities were observed in macrophage-depleted mice and pigs after influenza virus infection, but the basis for the enhanced pathogenesis is unclear. this study revealed that blocking macrophage recruitment into the lungs in a mouse model of influenza pneumonitis resulted in enhanced alveolar epithelial damage and apoptosis, as evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ... | 2010 | 19617401 |
| pathogen exposure in feral swine populations geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises and commercial swine production. | surveys for evidence of exposure to pseudorabies virus (prv), brucella suis, swine influenza virus (siv; human-like h1n1, reassortant type h1n1, h1n2-like h1n1 and h3n2), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv 2), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) in feral swine (sus scrofa) were conducted in areas where feral swine were geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises in south carolina and high densities of commercial swine production in north caroli ... | 2009 | 19617481 |
| procedures to eliminate h3n2 swine influenza virus from a pig herd. | a three-site pig herd infected with a h3n2 swine influenza virus (siv) underwent a herd siv elimination programme using herd closure and partial depopulation. the herd consisted of sow, nursery and finishing units, 1 to 2 km apart. disease was noted in the sow unit and then the nursery unit. the herd temporarily stopped introduction of replacement animals, and replacement gilt introductions in the breeding herd was changed from monthly to quarterly. gilts from a serologically negative source wer ... | 2009 | 19617611 |
| swine influenza: nephrologist's perspective. | | 2009 | 19617670 |
| swine influenza h1n1. is your laboratory prepared? | | 2009 | 19617998 |
| oie reiterates its advice on (h1n1) influenza. | | 2009 | 19618521 |
| avian influenza viruses in mammals. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype h5n1 are remarkable because of their expanding non-avian host range and wide tissue tropism. they have caused severe or fatal respiratory and extra-respiratory disease in seven naturally infected species of carnivore. however, they are not unique in their ability to cross the species barrier, to cause clinical disease and mortality, or to replicate in extra-respiratory organs. low pathogenic avian influenza viruses have crossed from birds to s ... | 2009 | 19618623 |
| influenza receptors, polymerase and host range. | influenza infection is initiated by virus attachment to sialic acid-containing cell-surface receptors. the spectrum of sialylglycoconjugates varies substantially between viral host species as well as target tissues and cell types of the same species, leading to variations in the receptor-binding specificity of viruses circulating in these hosts. therefore, receptor specificity plays an important role in the viral cell and tissue tropism, interspecies transmission and adaptation to a new host, an ... | 2009 | 19618627 |
| intra- and interspecies transmission of h7n7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus during the avian influenza epidemic in the netherlands in 2003. | the poultry epidemic of h7n7 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus in the netherlands in 2003 was probably the result of the introduction of an h7n7 low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus (by interspecies transmission from wild birds) and the subsequent intraspecies transmission of this virus in poultry. the intraspecies transmission of the ensuing h7n7 hpai virus was very successful both within and between flocks. consequently, in the two poultry-dense areas that were affected, th ... | 2009 | 19618636 |
| infectious disease experts expect the unexpected with respect to swine flu. | | 2009 | 19620261 |
| investigation of the first cases of human-to-human infection with the new swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in canada. | the outbreak of human infection due to the novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus began in mexico in march 2009. as of july 6, 2009, more than 94,000 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in over 100 countries, including 7983 cases in canada. in this report, we describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the first cluster of reported cases of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza virus in canada. | 2009 | 19620268 |
| government tries to end confusion over swine flu advice to pregnant women. | | 2009 | 19625364 |
| elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza a viruses are immunogenic and confer protection against swine influenza a virus infection in pigs. | influenza a viruses cause significant morbidity in swine, resulting in a substantial economic burden. swine influenza virus (siv) infection also poses important human public health concerns. vaccination is the primary method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. previously, we generated two elastase-dependent mutant sivs derived from a/sw/saskatchewan/18789/02(h1n1): a/sw/sk-r345v (r345v) and a/sw/sk-r345a (r345a). these two viruses are highly attenuated in pigs, making them good cand ... | 2009 | 19625412 |
| performance of influenza rapid point-of-care tests in the detection of swine lineage a(h1n1) influenza viruses. | in april 2009, an a(h1n1) influenza virus of swine lineage was detected in humans in the usa, and in just over a month has infected over 10,000 people in more than 40 countries. | 2009 | 19627374 |
| h1n1 swine origin influenza infection in the united states and europe in 2009 may be similar to h1n1 seasonal influenza infection in two australian states in 2007 and 2008. | the population-based impact of infection with swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infection was not clear in the early days of the epidemic towards the end of may 2009. australia had seven confirmed cases by 22 may 2009. we aimed to compare available data on swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infection overseas with seasonal influenza a (h1n1) virus infection in australia to assist with forward planning. | 2009 | 19627376 |
| national pandemic influenza preparedness planning. | the recent outbreaks of influenza a/h5n1 and 'swine influenza' a/h1n1 have caused global concern over the potential for a new influenza pandemic. although it is impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur, appropriate planning is still needed to maximize efficient use of resources and to minimize loss of life and productivity. many tools now exist to assist countries in evaluating their plans but there is little to aid in writing of the plans. this study discusses the process of draf ... | 2009 | 19627377 |
| closure of schools during an influenza pandemic. | in response to who raising the influenza pandemic alert level from phase five to phase six, health officials around the world are carefully reviewing pandemic mitigation protocols. school closure (also called class dismissal in north america) is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that is commonly suggested for mitigating influenza pandemics. health officials taking the decision to close schools must weigh the potential health benefits of reducing transmission and thus case numbers against high ec ... | 2009 | 19628172 |
| [first cases of secondary transmission of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in france]. | on april 2009, a new swine-origin a(h1n1) influenza virus, a(h1n1)v, was identified in the united states. today (june 12, 2009), more than 29,000 cases have been reported in the world, and 73 in france. this is the first report of secondary transmission in france. the three patients presented with common influenza signs including cough, fever, and sore throat. the incubation period could last from two to four days; it should be kept in mind that the first international data mentioned one to seve ... | 2010 | 19632075 |
| two genotypes of h1n2 swine influenza viruses appeared among pigs in china. | h1n2 is one of the main subtypes of influenza, which circulates in swine all over the world. | 2009 | 19632889 |
| swine flu website inundated as cases in england double in a week. | | 2009 | 19633034 |
| eu prepares new guidelines for monitoring swine flu. | | 2009 | 19633041 |
| growing swine flu fatalities demand serious attention. | | 2009 | 19633592 |
| meeting the challenges of swine flu. | | 2009 | 19633602 |
| fda emergency use authorizations (euas): what are they and what do they mean for the h1n1 swine flu response? | | 2009 | 19635005 |
| 2009 swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) resembles previous influenza isolates. | in april 2009, novel swine-origin influenza viruses (s-oiv) were identified in patients from mexico and the united states. the viruses were genetically characterized as a novel influenza a (h1n1) strain originating in swine, and within a very short time the s-oiv strain spread across the globe via human-to-human contact. | 2009 | 19636415 |
| rock, paper, scissors; chicken, human, swine. | | 2009 | 19636623 |
| on how scotland is using teamwork to tackle swine flu. | | 2009 | 19637535 |
| [elicitation of protective immune responses by a recombinant adenovirus expressing hemagglutinin of h3n2 siv in swine]. | to evaluate the immunity of the adenovirus recombinant rad-ha-gfp encoding an h3n2 swine influenza virus hemagglutinin. | 2009 | 19637575 |
| combining molecular dynamics with bayesian analysis to predict and evaluate ligand-binding mutations in influenza hemagglutinin. | influenza virus attaches to and infects target cells via binding of cell-surface glycans by the viral hemagglutinin. this binding specificity is considered a major reason why avian influenza is typically poorly transmitted between humans, while swine influenza is better transmitted due to glycan similarity between the human and swine upper respiratory tract. predicting mutations that control glycan binding is thus important to continued surveillance against new pandemic influenza strains. we hav ... | 2009 | 19637916 |
| thiazolides, a new class of anti-influenza molecules targeting viral hemagglutinin at the post-translational level. | the emergence of highly contagious influenza a virus strains, such as the new h1n1 swine influenza, represents a serious threat to global human health. efforts to control emerging influenza strains focus on surveillance and early diagnosis, as well as development of effective vaccines and novel antiviral drugs. herein we document the anti-influenza activity of the anti-infective drug nitazoxanide and its active circulating-metabolite tizoxanide and describe a class of second generation thiazolid ... | 2009 | 19638339 |
| doctors call for guidance on how to prioritise critically ill patients in swine flu pandemic. | | 2009 | 19640945 |
| rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr typing of influenza a and b virus, and subtyping of influenza a virus into h1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, n1 (human), n1 (animal), n2, and n7, including typing of novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus, during the 2009 outbreak in milwaukee, wisconsin. | a large outbreak of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [s-oiv]) infection in milwaukee, wi, occurred in late april 2009. we had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr enzyme hybridization assay (fluplex) to determine the type (a or b) and subtype (h1, h2, h3, h5, h7, h9, n1 [human], n1 [animal], n2, or n7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. the analytical sensitivit ... | 2009 | 19641063 |
| rapid semiautomated subtyping of influenza virus species during the 2009 swine origin influenza a h1n1 virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin. | in the spring of 2009, a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [s-oiv]) emerged and began causing a large outbreak of illness in milwaukee, wi. our group at the midwest respiratory virus program laboratory developed a semiautomated real-time multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay (seasonal), employing the nuclisens easymag system (biomérieux, durham, nc) and a raider thermocycler (handylab inc., ann arbor, mi), that typed influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and respir ... | 2009 | 19641066 |
| swine flu update: bringing home the bacon. | in 6 weeks, swine influenza a(h1n1) virus has spread from 10 to 74 countries. australia has the fifth highest number of cases and the third highest rate of infection among the top five affected nations. people who are hospitalised with or die from this novel virus are more likely to have predisposing risk factors. there is a predilection for younger age groups and sparing of older age groups. this may be a property of influenza a viruses in general rather than being specific to swine influenza a ... | 2009 | 19645640 |
| summary of the australasian society for infectious diseases and the thoracic society of australia and new zealand guidelines: treatment and prevention of h1n1 influenza 09 (human swine influenza) with antiviral agents. | | 2009 | 19645641 |
| australia's influenza containment plan and the swine flu epidemic in victoria. | what lessons can be learnt from australia's initial response to the outbreak? | 2009 | 19645643 |