| update: infections with a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus--united states and other countries, april 28, 2009. | since april 21, 2009, cdc has reported cases of respiratory infection with a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) transmitted through human-to-human contact. this report updates cases identified in u.s. states and highlights certain control measures taken by cdc. as of april 28, the total number of confirmed cases of s-oiv infection in the united states had increased to 64, with cases in california (10 cases), kansas (two), new york (45), ohio (one), and texas (six). cdc and state and l ... | 2009 | 19407737 |
| update: drug susceptibility of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viruses, april 2009. | since april 21, 2009, cdc has reported cases of respiratory infection with a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) that is being spread via human-to-human transmission. as of april 28, the total number of confirmed s-oiv cases in the united states was 64; these cases occurred in california (10 cases), kansas (two), new york (45), ohio (one), and texas (six). the viruses contain a unique combination of gene segments that had not been reported previously among swine or human influenza viru ... | 2009 | 19407738 |
| update: swine influenza a (h1n1) infections--california and texas, april 2009. | on april 21, 2009, cdc reported that two recent cases of febrile respiratory illness in children in southern california had been caused by infection with genetically similar swine influenza a (h1n1) viruses. the viruses contained a unique combination of gene segments that had not been reported previously among swine or human influenza viruses in the united states or elsewhere. neither child had known contact with pigs, resulting in concern that human-to-human transmission might have occurred. th ... | 2009 | 19407739 |
| swine flu goes global. | | 2009 | 19407756 |
| swine influenza: frequently asked questions. | | 2009 | 19408352 |
| swine influenza: how much of a global threat? | | 2009 | 19410694 |
| confirmation of first person to person transmission of swine flu in uk expected soon. | | 2009 | 19411405 |
| are working hours more frightening than swine flu? | | 2009 | 19417043 |
| towards a sane and rational approach to management of influenza h1n1 2009. | beginning in march 2009, an outbreak of influenza in north america was found to be caused by a new strain of influenza virus, designated influenza h1n1 2009, which is a reassortant of swine, avian and human influenza viruses. over a thousand total cases were identified with the first month, chiefly in the united states and mexico, but also involving several european countries. actions concerning influenza h1n1 2009 need to be based on fact and science, following recommendations of public health ... | 2009 | 19422701 |
| the origin of the recent swine influenza a(h1n1) virus infecting humans. | preliminary analysis of the genome of the new h1n1 influenza a virus responsible for the current pandemic indicates that all genetic segments are related closest to those of common swine influenza viruses. | 2009 | 19422769 |
| swine flu outbreak. out of mexico? scientists ponder swine flu's origins. | | 2009 | 19423781 |
| swine flu outbreak. devilish dilemmas surround pandemic flu vaccine. | | 2009 | 19423782 |
| swine flu outbreak. what role for antiviral drugs? | | 2009 | 19423784 |
| emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans. | on april 15 and april 17, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the united states. the same strain of the virus was identified in mexico, canada, and elsewhere. we describe 642 confirmed cases of human s-oiv infection identified from the rapidly evolving u.s. outbreak. | 2009 | 19423869 |
| implications of the emergence of a novel h1 influenza virus. | | 2009 | 19423870 |
| triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) in humans in the united states, 2005-2009. | triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) viruses--containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses--emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in north america during the late 1990s. | 2009 | 19423871 |
| safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of poxvirus-based vector vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin gene of a highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in pigs. | this study investigates the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of different pox-vector vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin of a highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1 avian influenza virus (aiv) (a/chicken/indonesia/7/03) in pigs. pigs were vaccinated twice, with a 4-week interval, with a fowlpox (trovac), a canarypox (alvac), or a vaccinia (nyvac) vector vaccine combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, with the unadjuvanted nyvac, or left unvaccinated. six weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs w ... | 2009 | 19428840 |
| chief medical officer warns against complacency over swine flu. | | 2009 | 19429656 |
| novel h1n1 influenza in people: global spread from an animal source? | richard irvine and ian brown of the veterinary laboratories agency discuss some epidemiological features of the novel h1n1 influenza virus that is currently causing concern among health authorities worldwide. | 2009 | 19429933 |
| vaccine-induced protection from egg production losses in commercial turkey breeder hens following experimental challenge with a triple-reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus. | infections of avian influenza virus (aiv) in turkey breeder hens can cause a decrease in both egg production and quality, resulting in significant production losses. in north carolina in 2003, a triple-reassortant h3n2 aiv containing human, swine, and avian gene segments was isolated from turkey breeder hens (a/turkey/nc/16108/03). this viral subtype was subsequently isolated from both turkeys and swine in ohio in 2004, and in minnesota in 2005, and was responsible for significant losses in turk ... | 2009 | 19431997 |
| swine influenza. | | 2009 | 19433408 |
| industrial food animal production and global health risks: exploring the ecosystems and economics of avian influenza. | many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins. attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogeni ... | 2009 | 19437076 |
| molecular detection of a novel human influenza (h1n1) of pandemic potential by conventional and real-time quantitative rt-pcr assays. | influenza a viruses are medically important viral pathogens that cause significant mortality and morbidity throughout the world. the recent emergence of a novel human influenza a virus (h1n1) poses a serious health threat. molecular tests for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed. | 2009 | 19439731 |
| april 2009: an outbreak of swine-origin influenza a(h1n1) virus with evidence for human-to-human transmission. | a swine-origin influenza a(h1n1) virus is currently responsible for an outbreak of infections in the human population, with laboratory-confirmed cases reported in several countries and clear evidence for human-to-human transmission. we provide a description of the outbreak at the end of april 2009, and a brief review of the zoonotic potential of swine influenza viruses. | 2009 | 19442755 |
| swine flue outbreak. flu researchers train sights on novel tricks of novel h1n1. | | 2009 | 19443758 |
| swine flue outbreak. swine flu names evolving faster than swine flu itself. | | 2009 | 19443759 |
| outbreak of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infection - mexico, march-april 2009. | in march and early april 2009, mexico experienced outbreaks of respiratory illness and increased reports of patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in several areas of the country. on april 12, the general directorate of epidemiology (dge) reported an outbreak of ili in a small community in the state of veracruz to the pan american health organization (paho) in accordance with international health regulations. on april 17, a case of atypical pneumonia in oaxaca state prompted enhanced surveil ... | 2009 | 19444150 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infections in a school - new york city, april 2009. | on april 24, 2009, cdc reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) infection in texas and california. the strain identified in u.s. patients was confirmed by cdc as genetically similar to viruses subsequently isolated from patients in mexico. since april 24, the number of cases in the united states and elsewhere has continued to rise. as of april 28, approximately half (45) of all u.s. cases of s-oiv infection had been confirmed among students and staff member ... | 2009 | 19444151 |
| amplification of four genes of influenza a viruses using a degenerate primer set in a one step rt-pcr method. | we designed a degenerate primer set that yielded full-length amplification of hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), matrix (m), and non-structural protein (nsp) genes of influenza a viruses in a single reaction mixture. these four genes were amplified from 15 ha (1-15) and 9 na (1-9) subtypes of influenza a viruses of avian (n=16) origin. in addition, 272 field isolates of avian origin were tested by this method. full-length amplification of ha, na, m, and nsp genes was obtained in 242 (88.9%) ... | 2009 | 19447141 |
| swine flu panic shows how little we really care. | i have to confess that when the first reports of swine flu started circulating, i did have a strong sense of déjà vu - after all, we've been here before. back in 2003, the world was under threat from another potentially lethal virus that began in an economically deprived part of the world among animal stocks and briefly (according to some anyway) threatened to turn into a global pandemic--avian flu. | 2009 | 19448575 |
| [panic pandemic?]. | | 2009 | 19448748 |
| an influenza smiley. | | 2009 | 19449215 |
| oligonucleotide microchip for subtyping of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses are classified into subtypes depending on the antigenic properties of their two outer glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). sixteen subtypes of ha and nine of na are known. lately, the circulation of some subtypes (h7n7, h5n1) has been closely watched because of the epidemiological threat they present. | 2007 | 19453417 |
| genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses isolated from pigs during 2000 to 2005 in thailand. | recent studies have revealed the existence of genetic diversity in swine influenza viruses (sivs) in the world. in thailand, there has been a little information on the molecular characteristics of the sivs since the first isolation of viruses of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes in the late 1970s. our previous study demonstrated that thai h1n1 sivs possessed the classical swine h1 and avian-like swine n1 genes (takemae et al., proceedings of the options for the control of influenza vi.2007;350-353). | 2008 | 19453423 |
| seroprevalence of h1n1, h3n2 and h1n2 influenza viruses in pigs in seven european countries in 2002-2003. | avian-like h1n1 and human-like h3n2 swine influenza viruses (siv) have been considered widespread among pigs in western europe since the 1980s, and a novel h1n2 reassortant with a human-like h1 emerged in the mid 1990s. this study, which was part of the ec-funded 'european surveillance network for influenza in pigs 1', aimed to determine the seroprevalence of the h1n2 virus in different european regions and to compare the relative prevalences of each siv between regions. | 2008 | 19453469 |
| mapping the sequence mutations of the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus neuraminidase relative to drug and antibody binding sites. | in this work, we study the consequences of sequence variations of the "2009 h1n1" (swine or mexican flu) influenza a virus strain neuraminidase for drug treatment and vaccination. we find that it is phylogenetically more closely related to european h1n1 swine flu and h5n1 avian flu rather than to the h1n1 counterparts in the americas. homology-based 3d structure modeling reveals that the novel mutations are preferentially located at the protein surface and do not interfere with the active site. ... | 2009 | 19457254 |
| avian influenza a h5n1 infections in bali province, indonesia: a behavioral, virological and seroepidemiological study. | bali province was affected by avian influenza h5n1 outbreaks in birds in october 2003. despite ongoing circulation of the virus, no human infection had been identified by december 2005. | 2009 | 19459276 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of avian-like h1n1 and novel ressortant h1n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. | as pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses, they have been proposed to be intermediate hosts or mixing vessels for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation to the mammalian host. in this study, we reported avian-like h1n1 and novel ressortant h1n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that the h1n1 virus (a/swine/zhejiang/1/07) was closely to avian-like h1n1 viruses and seemed to be derived fr ... | 2009 | 19460353 |
| swine flu outbreak. past pandemics provide mixed clues to h1n1's next moves. | | 2009 | 19460969 |
| swine flu advice for dentists issued. | | 2009 | 19461605 |
| high genetic and antigenic similarity between a swine h3n2 influenza a virus and a prior human influenza vaccine virus: a possible immune pressure-driven cross-species transmission. | in late april of 2009, a global outbreak of human influenza was reported. the causative agent is a highly unusual reassortant h1n1 influenza virus carrying genetic segments derived from swine, human and avian influenza viruses. in this study, we compared the ha, na and other gene segments of a swine h3n2 influenza a virus, a/swine/guangdong/z5/2003, which was isolated from pigs in 2003 in guangdong province, china, to the predominant human and swine h3n2 viruses. we found that the similarity of ... | 2009 | 19463787 |
| molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, isolated from food products imported into singapore. | we have completed the genetic characterization of all eight gene segments for four low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of novel signatures that may serve as early warning indicators of the conversion of lpai viruses to high pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses. this study included three h5n2 and one h5n3 viruses that were isolated from live poultry imported into singapore as part of the national avian influenza virus (aiv) su ... | 2009 | 19464126 |
| antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. | since its identification in april 2009, an a(h1n1) virus containing a unique combination of gene segments from both north american and eurasian swine lineages has continued to circulate in humans. the lack of similarity between the 2009 a(h1n1) virus and its nearest relatives indicates that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period. its low genetic diversity suggests that the introduction into humans was a single event or multiple events of similar viruses. molecu ... | 2009 | 19465683 |
| obstetrical concern on new emerging swine flu. | | 2010 | 19466437 |
| the path of a pandemic. | | 2009 | 19469332 |
| number of confirmed swine flu cases could be "tip of iceberg". | | 2009 | 19470565 |
| lessons from outbreaks of h1n1 influenza. | a new h1n1 triple-reassortant "swine" influenza virus was recently described in individuals from the united states and mexico who presented with respiratory symptoms, and the same virus was subsequently confirmed in patients from several countries around the world. the circumstances surrounding the emergence of this pathogen, and the factors that facilitated the initial cross-species transmission, are still incompletely understood. it became apparent in the early days of the outbreak that the vi ... | 2009 | 19470591 |
| interspecies transmission and host restriction of avian h5n1 influenza virus. | long-term endemicity of avian h5n1 influenza virus in poultry and continuous sporadic human infections in several countries has raised the concern of another potential pandemic influenza. suspicion of the avian origin of the previous pandemics results in the close investigation of the mechanism of interspecies transmission. entry and fusion is the first step for the h5n1 influenza virus to get into the host cells affecting the host ranges. therefore receptor usage study has been a major focus fo ... | 2009 | 19471865 |
| preparation will pay off. regardless of what happens with swine flu, pandemic bound to strike. | | 2009 | 19472506 |
| time to rethink the uk's response to swine flu? | | 2009 | 19474010 |
| swine flu. report from the uk "epicentre". | | 2009 | 19474032 |
| confirmation of the first hong kong case of human infection by novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus diagnosed using ultrarapid, real-time reverse transcriptase pcr. | | 2009 | 19474268 |
| geographic dependence, surveillance, and origins of the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus. | | 2009 | 19474418 |
| evolution of the m gene of the influenza a virus in different host species: large-scale sequence analysis. | influenza a virus infects not only humans, but also other species including avian and swine. if a novel influenza a subtype acquires the ability to spread between humans efficiently, it could cause the next pandemic. therefore it is necessary to understand the evolutionary processes of influenza a viruses in various hosts in order to gain better knowledge about the emergence of pandemic virus. the virus has segmented rna genome and 7th segment, m gene, encodes 2 proteins. m1 is a matrix protein ... | 2009 | 19476650 |
| characterization of triple reassortant h1n1 influenza a viruses from swine in ohio. | an h1n1 influenza a virus, a/swine/ohio/24366/07, was isolated from pigs in an ohio county fair. twenty-six people who came in contact with the infected pigs developed respiratory disease and two of these people were laboratory confirmed as h1n1 by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). the a/swine/ohio/24366/07 virus we isolated from swine was shown at the cdc to have 100% identical genome sequence to the human virus associated with the county fair. this prompted us to characteri ... | 2009 | 19477087 |
| swine flu outbreak. new details on virus's promiscuous past. | | 2009 | 19478151 |
| swine flu attention turns to the tropics. | | 2009 | 19478748 |
| africa and swine influenza virus. | | 2009 | 19480028 |
| h1n1 strain in humans causes concerns over animal impacts. | | 2009 | 19480613 |
| cluster analysis of the origins of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus. | in march and april 2009, a new strain of influenza a(h1n1) virus has been isolated in mexico and the united states. since the initial reports more than 10,000 cases have been reported to the world health organization, all around the world. several hundred isolates have already been sequenced and deposited in public databases. we have studied the genetics of the new strain and identified its closest relatives through a cluster analysis approach. we show that the new virus combines genetic informa ... | 2009 | 19480812 |
| to baptise a virus and its disease. | | 2009 | 19480815 |
| pigs might fly. | | 2009 | 19483041 |
| the role of swine in the generation of novel influenza viruses. | the ecology of influenza a viruses is very complicated involving multiple host species and viral genes. avian species have variable susceptibility to influenza a viruses with wild aquatic birds being the reservoir for this group of pathogens. occasionally, influenza a viruses are transmitted to mammals from avian species, which can lead to the development of human pandemic strains by direct or indirect transmission to man. because swine are also susceptible to infection with avian and human infl ... | 2009 | 19486316 |
| the resurgence of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1). | unexpectedly, swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv, informally known as swine flu) appeared in north america at the very end of the 2008-2009 influenza season and began to spread internationally. as the world mobilizes for a potential pandemic, this article summarizes the developments in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. | 2009 | 19487554 |
| trials and tribulations.....and now swine flu. | | 2009 | 19490130 |
| swine flu, pandemics, and critical care. | | 2009 | 19490596 |
| swine flu panic is being spread by ignorance. | | 2009 | 19491743 |
| likelihood that an unsubtypeable influenza a virus result obtained with the luminex xtag respiratory virus panel is indicative of infection with novel a/h1n1 (swine-like) influenza virus. | | 2009 | 19494066 |
| swine influenza: then and now. | | 2009 | 19494369 |
| genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza viruses in europe and evaluation of their zoonotic potential. | swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory viral infection of pigs that has become enzootic in areas densely populated with pigs. like other influenza a viruses, swine influenza virus (siv) is genetically unstable and able to accumulate antigenic drifts and/or antigenic shifts. the pig is susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses and can serve as an intermediate host in influenza virus ecology. zoonotic agents may emerge in pigs following the modification of an established sw ... | 2009 | 19497089 |
| origins of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus: time to take action. | to gain insight into the possible origins of the 2009 outbreak of new influenza a(h1n1), we performed two independent analyses of genetic evolution of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus. firstly, protein homology analyses of more than 400 sequences revealed that this virus most likely evolved from recent swine viruses. secondly, phylogenetic analyses of 5,214 protein sequences of influenza a(h1n1) viruses (avian, swine and human) circulating in north america for the last two decades (from 1989 to 2 ... | 2009 | 19497253 |
| epidemiology of new influenza a (h1n1) virus infection, united kingdom, april-june 2009. | following the previous report to eurosurveillance on 14 may 2009, the number of confirmed cases of new influenza a(h1n1) has continued to increase in the united kingdom. by 31 may, uk surveillance activities had detected a total of 252 confirmed cases. seventy (28%) were related to travel to the united states and mexico. there is evidence of spread in households, schools and the community with increases in secondary (n=40), tertiary (n=125) and sporadic (n=13) cases. the new influenza a(h1n1) vi ... | 2009 | 19497255 |
| association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with fever and pulmonary lesion score in pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza virus subtype h1n2. | the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha level, body temperature, and pulmonary lesion score was determined in 3-week-old pigs inoculated intranasally with swine influenza virus (siv) subtype h1n2. the expression of tnf-alpha was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. in bal fluid, tnf-alpha concentration was maximal at 1 days post-inoculation (dpi), declined markedly by 3 dpi (p<0.05) and s ... | 2009 | 19498287 |
| a simple method for molecular detection of swine-origin and human-origin influenza a virus. | here we present a real-time one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction sybr green assay derived from the method reported by van elden and collaborators ( 2001 ) that ensures the rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of both seasonal influenza a virus and emerging (h1n1) swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv). in addition to this screening test, which successfully detected both seasonal influenza a virus and s-oiv in human clinical samples, we showed that the probe initiall ... | 2010 | 19505254 |
| swine flu outbreak tests canadian preparedness. | | 2009 | 19506266 |
| nova scotia confirms swine flu case contracted within canada. | | 2009 | 19506268 |
| extrapolating from sequence--the 2009 h1n1 'swine' influenza virus. | | 2009 | 19513050 |
| basic rules of influenza: how to combat the h1n1 influenza (swine flu) virus. | | 2009 | 19514689 |
| multiplex pcr tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including h1n1 swine influenza. | since the turn of the century seven new respiratory viruses have infected man and two of these have resulted in worldwide epidemics. both sars coronavirus which quickly spread to 29 countries in february 2003 and h1n1 swine influenza that recently spread from mexico to 30 countries in three weeks represent major pandemic threats for mankind. diagnostic assays are required to detect novel influenza strains with pandemic potential. | 2009 | 19515609 |
| detection of novel influenza a(h1n1) virus by real-time rt-pcr. | accurate and rapid diagnosis of novel influenza a(h1n1) infection is critical for minimising further spread through timely implementation of antiviral treatment and other public health based measures. in this study we developed two taqman-based reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) methods for the detection of novel influenza a(h1n1) virus targeting the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. the assays were validated using 152 clinical respiratory samples, including 61 influenza a positive samples ... | 2009 | 19515611 |
| swine flu: some good lessons learnt. | | 2009 | 19516233 |
| origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin h1n1 influenza a epidemic. | in march and early april 2009, a new swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) emerged in mexico and the united states. during the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread worldwide to 30 countries (as of may 11) by human-to-human transmission, causing the world health organization to raise its pandemic alert to level 5 of 6. this virus has the potential to develop into the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century. here we use evolutionary analysis to estimate the timesc ... | 2009 | 19516283 |
| avian influenza aided readiness for swine flu. | | 2009 | 19516303 |
| swine flu panic. | | 2009 | 19520039 |
| genetic characterization of h1n1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in eastern china. | three influenza h1n1 viruses were isolated in 2005 from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern china. the three isolates were characterized to determine their probable origin. each of the eight genes of the isolates was most closely related to the corresponding gene from the classical swine h1n1 virus. also, phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that each of the eight genes of the isolates was closely related to the classical swine h1n1 viruses, especially those isolated in china. ... | 2009 | 19521758 |
| swine flu in rural scotland--containment phase. | | 2009 | 19522553 |
| insights from investigating the interaction of oseltamivir (tamiflu) with neuraminidase of the 2009 h1n1 swine flu virus. | the neuraminidase (na) of influenza virus is the target of anti-flu drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir. clinical practices showed that oseltamivir was effective to treat the 2009-h1n1 influenza but failed to the 2006-h5n1 avian influenza. to perform an in-depth analysis on such a drug-resistance problem, the 2009-h1n1-na structure was developed. to compare it with the crystal 2006-h5n1-na structure as well as the 1918 influenza virus h1n1-na structure, the multiple sequential and structural alignme ... | 2009 | 19523442 |
| unraveling the mystery of swine influenza virus. | influenza virus outbreaks occur with regularity, but the severity of outbreaks is not consistent. the recent flu epidemic caused by an h1n1 swine influenza virus presents an opportunity to examine what is known about virulence factors and the spread of infection to better prepare for major influenza outbreaks in the future. | 2009 | 19524497 |
| influenza a (h1n1) infection in pigs. | | 2009 | 19525527 |
| emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus. | influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. the emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities. a prime example is the recent emergence of swine-origin h1n1 viruses that have transmitted to and spread among humans, resulting in outbreaks internationally. efforts to control these outbreaks and real-time monitoring of the evolution of this virus should provide us with invaluabl ... | 2009 | 19525932 |
| [what to call it? swine, mexican or american flu?]. | | 2009 | 19526981 |
| [dr. chan, swine flu and the end of the world]. | | 2009 | 19526982 |
| risk factors associated with pleuritis and cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation in slaughter-aged pigs. | examination of lung lesions at the slaughterhouse is a useful tool to estimate the importance of respiratory disease at farm, regional or national level. the objective of the present work was to describe the prevalence of gross lung lesions at slaughter, with a special focus on pleuritis and cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation, and to identify major risk factors for these lesions. data from 107 farms involving approximately 11,000 pigs enabled gross lung lesions to be correlated with serology ... | 2010 | 19527939 |
| australia plans to restrict antivirals [corrected] to high risk cases as swine flu spreads. | | 2009 | 19528110 |
| [influenza a (h1n1): proposed guideline for hospital management of confirmed or suspected cases]. | the document outlines an operational approach aimed at providing health professionals working in a hospital an indication on the key measures of hygiene prophylaxis, general and influenza-specific, and the first approach to be taken in order to diagnosis and treatment of a flu syndrome (at potential pandemic spread) caused by a new virus strain, in the context of an objectively high level of pandemic alert (phase 5 in the who scale of 1 to 6). the proposed guidelines have attempted to take into ... | 2009 | 19529045 |
| swine flu claims first european death, as cases worldwide rise to 36,000. | | 2009 | 19531555 |
| swine flu - an assessment of the australian response. | swine flu, 2009's influenza pandemic, has been in the spotlight since it began in mexico early in 2009. the global response to swine flu has been forceful in an attempt to prevent a repeat of previous devastating influenza pandemics. outside mexico swine flu has remained for the most part a mild disease, and it may turn out to be no more dangerous than seasonal influenza. however it is crucial that a rapid, effective worldwide response be mounted while the severity of this virus remains unknown. | 2009 | 19534568 |
| animal farm: pig in the middle. | | 2009 | 19536212 |
| pathogenesis and subsequent cross-protection of influenza virus infection in pigs sustained by an h1n2 strain. | the h1n1, h3n2 and, more recently, h1n2 subtypes of influenza a virus are presently co-circulating in swine herds in several countries. the objectives of this study were to investigate the pathogenesis of sw/italy/1521/98 (h1n2) influenza virus, isolated from respiratory tissues of pigs from herds in northern italy, and to evaluate its potential cross-protection against the sw/fin/2899/82 (h1n1) strain. in the pathogenesis test, eight pigs were intranasally infected with h1n2 virus; at pre-deter ... | 2010 | 19538454 |
| analytical sensitivity of rapid influenza antigen detection tests for swine-origin influenza virus (h1n1). | a novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) (h1n1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic. | 2009 | 19539521 |