Publications

[serogical studies on an epidemic prevalence of swine type influenza virus among swine and human beings (author's transl)].		1981	6279948
serological studies on swine influenza in egypt.	480 pig serum samples collected from november 1979-october 1980 and 200 human sera collected in the same period, nearly have been used in serological investigations. 52.5% sera were positive against swine influenza (hsw1n1) 10% only of human sera were positive against (hsw1n1) virus. by using (h3n2) human virus, 10.4% of pig sera were positive, while 41% of human sera were positive against this virus.	1981	6282772
swine influenza virus in swine and man in illinois.	serum samples from 2,091 persons from illinois populations of swine abattoir employees, 4-h club youths and their advisors, veterinary medical students, pork producers, and veterinarians were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to a/swine/ill./63. a total of 231 positive reactions of 1:20 or above were found (11%). the highest prevalence of antibody was found in veterinarians, followed by pork producers and future swine abattoir employees. age-adjusted reactor rates were highe ...	1981	6260919
influenza a viruses: combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources.		1981	6164356
[antiviral action of swine leukocyte interferon in mouse experiments].	swine leukocytes had previously been found to produce interferon which has an antiviral effect not only in swine cells but also in human cells. preliminary experiments in tissue cultures showed the culture of primarily trypsinized mouse embryo fibroblasts to be as sensitive to swine interferon as human diploid cells. the experiment studying the antiviral effect of swine leukocyte interferon in the animals demonstrated it to protect mice against the pathogenic a/aishi/68 (h3n2) strain; with a red ...	1981	6171098
[analysis of heterogenous populations of antihemagglutinating antibodies in hyperimmune sera against influenza virus by indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay].	populations of antihemagglutinating antibodies in hyperimmune rabbit sera to influenza a/pr8/34, a/moscow/pan/52, and a/swine iowa/15/31 viruses were examined by indirect competitive solid phase radioimmunoassay (spria). under conditions of competitive assay with immobilized virus homologous to the serum under test, not all subpopulations of cross-reacting antibodies in the sera are identified. competition in the system of immobilized heterologous virus identifies a fuller spectrum of cross-reac ...	1981	6175104
antigenic and genetic analysis of a/hong kong (h3n2) influenza viruses isolated from swine and man.	two h3n2 strains of influenza a virus isolated from pigs in japan and thailand were characterized antigenically and genetically. a/swine/wadayama/5/69 (isolated in japan in 1969) was antigenically similar to a human strain, a/aichi/2/68, while a/swine/bangkok/9/78 (a swine isolate in thailand) was closely related to a/bangkok/36/78, a contemporary human isolate. gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping of the virus rna revealed genetic similarity between a/swine/wadayama/5/69 and a/aichi/ ...	1981	6171614
detection of antigenic variation of influenza a matrix protein by a competitive radioimmunoassay.	antigenic relationships among the matrix proteins of influenza a viruses were analysed using a competitive radioimmunoassay technique. there were at least two antigenic determinants on the m protein of a/pr/8/34 virus. one antigenic determinant was shared by several influenza a viruses of human, avian, swine or equine origin, while the second determinant was not necessarily shared by all influenza viruses since it was not detected on the m protein of a/chicken/germany/n/49 virus. in addition, th ...	1981	6172559
function, target-cell preference and cell-surface characteristics of herpes-simplex virus type-2-induced non-antigen-specific killer cells.	wild-type and congenitally athymic nude mice injected with herpes-simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) responded with a local outburst of non-antigen-specific killer cells masking any virus-specific response. cytolytic activity could be assayed on mouse-tumor cell lines and on syngeneic or allogeneic non-transformed cells from various sources. some of the tumor cell lines and proteose-peptone-induced peritoneal exudate cells were lysed more efficiently after infection with either hsv 2, vaccinia or infl ...	1981	6165679
an epizootic of swine influenza in quebec.		1981	6269718
a serological survey of pigs in india for swine influenza.		1981	6273310
an epidemic of swine influenza in japan.	in a serological survey of pigs in japan haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to swine influenza virus (hsw1n1) was first detected in 721 of 3313 (21.1 per cent) sera in 1977 and 1578 of 4946 (32.1 per cent) in 1978. the virus was prevalent in all districts of japan but to a different extent. in contrast to the high incidence of antibody, there were few cases of infection with clinical signs and only 13 outbreaks of swine influenza were recognised in japan from 1978 to 1979. thirty-seven i ...	1981	6281867
serological evidence of natural recombinant influenza virus (hsw1n2) infection among pigs in japan.	a new recombinant influenza a virus (hsw1n2) infection among hogs in miyagi prefecture, japan, was confirmed by serological examinations. nineteen out of twenty sera collected in one farm in january 1979 showed high haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to hsw1 antigen (a/new jersey/8/76) and also significant neuraminidase inhibition antibody titres to n2 antigen of the hong kong 1973 variant (a/port chalmers/1/73) but not to n1 antigen. the results indicate the occurrence of genetic reas ...	1981	6116417
failure of swine influenza virus to cause transplacental infection of porcine fetuses.		1982	6283964
immunologic studies on the influenza a virus nonstructural protein ns1.	we purified the major influenza virus nonstructural protein, designated ns1, from cytoplasmic inclusions that were solubilized and used to raise antisera in rabbits. one of the antisera was found to be specific for ns1 by complement fixation tests and analyses of immune precipitates. antiserum to ns1 isolated from cells infected with a/wsn/33 virus specifically precipitated ns1 from extracts of cells infected with seven distinct isolates of influenza a virus representing five different antigenic ...	1982	6211499
an influenza epicentre?		1982	6126676
[immunization with a complex preparation: a new method of influenza prevention. the basis for using a complex preparation for preventing influenza].	a combined preparation for influenza prevention (cpip) consisting of an interferon inducer stimulating immunogenesis and killed influenza vaccine is proposed. twenty five inducers-stimulators have been tested: polynucleotides, polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide extracted from salmonella typhosa. intranasal administration of cpip to laboratory animals markedly stimulates interferon, secretory, and circulating antibody synthesis. resistance to fatal influenza infection develops within 18 hours ...	1982	6178215
absence of p2 protein in swine flu vaccines.		1982	6172604
the possible origin h1n1 (hsw1n1) virus in the swine population of japan and antigenic analysis of the isolates.	virus isolation and serological studies on swine sera collected during 1973 to 1978 showed that h1n1 (hsw1n1) influenza viruses first appeared in the swine population of japan about may 1977. with the exception of one strain, both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of all the h1n1 viruses isolated from swine in japan and from pigs imported from north america were antigenically indistinguishable from those of a/nj/8/76 virus, suggesting the introduction of swine influenza virus into japan ...	1982	6182266
human influenza a viruses in pigs: isolation of a h3n2 strain antigenically related to a/england/42/72 and evidence for continuous circulation of human viruses in the pig population.	an influenza virus strain isolated in northern italy in 1977 was identified as belonging to the h3n2 subtype (a/swine/italy/1850/77). a close antigenic relationship to the human strain a/england/42/72 was demonstrated. serologic surveys of 548 pig sera from 53 farms in two provinces in northern italy demonstrated the existence of antibodies to the swine/italy/1850/77 strain and to a/hong kong/1/68, a/victoria/3/75 and h 1 n 1 (hsw 1 n 1) strains in the pig population.	1982	6184032
[seroepizootiological studies on type a influenza virus against porcine serum in tochigi prefecture over a period from july, 1979 to june, 1980].		1982	6290580
neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination.	the emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of guillain-barre syndrome which resulted from the 1976 national swine influenza immunization program in the u.s.a. has obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous system also occurred. the anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approxim ...	1982	6128862
the follow-up study of swine and hong kong influenza virus infection among japanese hogs.	pigs in miyagi prefecture, japan were examined for swine (hssw1n1) and hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. the results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the hong kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, a/yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. these epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct tran ...	1982	6285546
[protective action of undegraded and s-sulfonated 7s antibodies in 4 different experimental virus infections].		1982	6293456
inactivation by gamma irradiation of animal viruses in simulated laboratory effluent.	several animal viruses were treated with gamma radiation from a 60co source under conditions which might be found in effluent from an animal disease laboratory. swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and blue-tongue virus were irradiated in tissues from experimentally infected animals. pseudorabies virus, fowl plague virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus were irradiated in liquid animal feces. all were tested in animals and in vitro. the d10 val ...	1982	6285822
proteolytic activation of influenza wsn virus in cultured cells is performed by homologous plasma enzymes.	the effect of chick embryo allantoic fluid, porcine plasma or canine plasma on virus progeny was studied in cultured chicken, porcine and canine cells infected with influenza wsn virus. cells incubated either without plasma or with heterologous plasma produced virions which had uncleaved haemagglutinin and low infectivity. cells incubated with homologous plasma produced highly infectious virions with cleaved haemagglutinin. little increase of progeny virus infectivity was observed in canine cell ...	1982	6218257
[the use of internal protein of equine influenza virus in fluorescence antibody test for rapid diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)].		1982	6809272
equine influenza virus enhances responsiveness of guinea-pig tracheal muscle to isoprenaline.	groups of guinea-pigs were vaccinated with equine influenza a-1 virus and helically-cut tracheal strips were subsequently contracted to carbachol (ec50) and relaxed to isoprenaline at 3, 5 and 10 days post-vaccination. tracheas from another group were contracted to phenylephrine in the presence of propranolol. compared to controls, responses to isoprenaline in virus-infected tracheas were significantly potentiated at days 3 and 10. virus infection significantly inhibited tracheal responsiveness ...	1982	7123002
isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks in hokkaido. brief report.	a total of 18 hemagglutinating agents were isolated from 14 of 278 migrating feral ducks in hokkaido during the surveillance studies conducted from 1978 to 1981. seven of the 18 isolates belonged to paramyxovirus and the rest to influenza a virus. five isolates of paramyxovirus reacted specifically with antiserum to duck/hk/199/77 and 7 isolates of influenza a virus possessed the antigenic configuration of h10n3. three of the isolates possessed an hemagglutinin that has no antigenic relation to ...	1982	7165509
ecological aspects of influenza a viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review.		1982	6752410
[rapid preparation of inhibitor-resistant clones of the influenza a viruses for diagnostic purposes].		1982	7187558
fibrinogen-mediated adherence of group a streptococcus to influenza a virus-infected cell cultures.	a quantitative radioassay was used to study the adherence of group a streptococcus to madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a virus (strains fm1, jap 305, and nws) and reacted with fibrinogen. treatment of virus-infected cell cultures with human fibrinogen significantly enhanced streptococcal adherence (p less than 0.0005) compared with adherence to untreated, virus-infected cells and uninfected control cells. enhanced adherence was not seen with nws virus-infected cell culture ...	1982	6754619
swine influenza-like isolate - nevada.		1982	6808336
further genetic evidence for maintenance of early hong kong-like influenza a(h3n2) strains in swine until 1976.		1982	7064347
isolation of an influenza h1n1 virus from a pig.		1982	7064356
statistical analysis of results of a survey on antibody against swine influenza virus in pigs by single radial hemolysis and hemagglutination-inhibition tests.		1982	7078660
prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to current strains of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus in sera collected from the elderly in 1976.	sera were collected in 1976 from 182 individuals born between 1876-1935, who included patients in a large local nursing home in orange county, california, and patients and staff at the university of california, irvine medical center. sera were treated with receptor-destroying enzyme and assayed for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to recent strains of influenza a virus. the antigens tested were: a/victoria/3/76 and a/texas/1/77 for subtype h3n2; a/new jersey/8/76, a/x53 and a/swine/1976 ...	1982	7072705
[suppression of the immune response by shigella in experimental influenza infection in mice].	experiments in mice have demonstrated that in the presence of influenza infection the suppressing effect of virulent shigellae on the secondary humoral and cell-mediated immune response is enhanced. under such conditions avirulent shigellae can also show suppressing effect which is usually absent in these organisms.	1982	6760625
[search for antibodies against human influenza virus in swine].		1982	6985408
the binding of staphylococcal protein a by the sera of different animal species.	the capacity of purified immunoglobulin or serum to bind (125i)-labeled staphylococcal protein a (spa) was measured by means of an immunofiltration assay that facilitated the examination of large numbers of sera and required only a minute quantity of each. sera from 80 species, including humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and a variety of african mammals were examined. a wide interspecies variation in the spa-binding capacity of serum immunoglobulins was confirmed. only small variatio ...	1982	7061862
bilateral optic nerve atrophy and blindness following swine influenza vaccination.		1982	7103325
detection of influenza a viruses and influenza epidemics in wild pelagic birds by sentinels and population studies.	field experiments with domestic ducks as sentinels and virological and serological population observations on wild pelagic birds on a seabird-breeding island in the baltic sea and on rivers and lakes near berlin were conducted to detect the influenza a virus circulation and epidemics in wild pelagic bird populations. influenza a virus isolates were detected in tracheal and cloacal swabs from sentinel ducks and from healthy pelagic birds. influenza a virus epidemics with different subtypes in an ...	1982	7170852
swine-influenza vaccine.		1982	7092000
guillain-barré syndrome in the united states, 1979-1980 and 1980-1981. lack of an association with influenza vaccination.	an ongoing surveillance program was intensified during the 1979-1980 and the 1980-1981 influenza seasons to determine whether an increased risk of acquiring guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) within eight weeks after influenza vaccination existed for adults in the united states who received influenza vaccine, when compared with adult who had not been vaccinated recently. five hundred twenty-eight cases of gbs with onset between sept 1 and march 31, including seven following recent vaccination, were r ...	1982	7097920
[biological properties of live and inactivated influenza vaccines under experimental conditions].	biological properties of influenza vaccines were studied on experimental animals inoculated intraperitoneally with regard to the vaccine effect on peritoneal exudate cells. the development of neutrophilia and inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in macrophages within the first 24 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of influenza viruses or influenza vaccines were used for determination of the toxic effect of the inoculum. the values of subsequent later activation of acid phosphatase in mac ...	1983	6868558
adjustment of rates of guillain-barré syndrome among recipients of swine flu vaccine, 1976-1977.		1983	6876058
auto-antibody dependent activation of the autologous classical complement pathway by guinea-pig red cells treated with influenza virus or neuraminidase: in vitro and in vivo study.	guinea-pig erythrocytes that had been exposed to influenza a virus or vibrio cholerae neuraminidase activated the classical complement pathway in autologous serum. because all viral particles were eluted from the treated cells, activation was not dependent on anti-viral antibodies or on the particles themselves. after a threshold of 45-55% desialation, had been reached, the relative capacity of treated cells to activate complement increased very rapidly with desialation. desialation unmasked sit ...	1983	6852870
prevalence of influenza viruses a-h1n1 and a-h3n2 in swine in the netherlands.	in the period december 1979-may 1980 a respiratory disease spread rapidly through pig herds in the netherlands. surveillance of 12 pig farms resulted in isolation of 22 influenza a-swine-h1n1 (hsw1n1) strains from 9 pig herds. the morbidity rate was high but the mortality rate was nil. retardation in growth was observed. sera collected from affected pig herds showed a fourfold increase in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titre against a-swine-h1n1 virus. sera collected on five farms showed a ge ...	1983	6851479
further isolation of a recombinant virus (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2) from a pig in japan in 1980.	in september 1980, an outbreak of febrile respiratory disease was observed in a herd of sows (1-2 years of age) in ehime prefecture, japan. most of the swine showed clinical signs of disease such as depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, and cough. a hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a nasal swab from one of the diseased pigs. by cross-hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests with antisera to influenza viruses of swine origin, the isolate was identified as an ...	1983	6306408
mouse neurotropic recombinants of influenza a viruses.	recombinants with known gene constellations between fowl plague virus (fpv) and various prototype influenza virus strains have been examined for neurovirulence in suckling mice. strongly neurotropic recombinants were obtained from crosses between fpv and the strains virus n, hong kong, and pr8, but not between fpv and equi 2 or swine viruses. all highly neurotropic recombinants had rna segment 4 (ha) derived from fpv and rna segment 2 (ptra gene) from the other prototype strain. the derivation o ...	1983	6838380
sero-epizootiological study on swine influenza in a prefecture of japan.	a total of 1799 swine sera collected in toyama prefecture in the central part of japan during the years 1978-82 were tested for antibody against swine influenza virus (siv), a/new jersey/8/76 (h1n1). a high prevalence of antibody was observed in the years after the severe epizootic of si, 34.5% in 1979 and 51.7% in 1982. in other years, the percentages of positive sera were low and ranged from 1.7 to 12.4%. regional variations were seen in relation to a small scale epizootic. no antibody to siv ...	1983	6306099
[determination of the antigenic composition of the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses h1n1].	a comparative immunological analysis of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins (ha) of influenza a viruses isolated from man and animals was done by the method of specific adsorption of immunoglobulin fractions recovered from sera of rabbits and rats immunized with influenza h1n1 viruses isolated in 1930-1948. a single determinant which remains antigenically stable from 1930 up to the present time was found in ha of human influenza h1n1 viruses (1933-1957, 1977-1981), swine virus a/swine/io ...	1983	6356600
[determination of the neuraminidase specificity of influenza a and b viruses using a modified lectin test].	a highly purified lectin was obtained from peanuts. the lectin test was modified for determination of the neuraminidase activity of influenza viruses. the test was found to be useful for the determination of the antigenic specificity of neuraminidase. it was found to be 10-50 times as sensitive as the aminoff test and more economic. the potentials of lectin test are discussed.	1983	6199899
hemagglutinin of swine influenza virus: a single amino acid change pleiotropically affects viral antigenicity and replication.	the complete nucleotide sequence has been obtained of the h1 hemagglutinin (ha) gene of a high-yielding (h) mutant of the a/nj/11/76(h1n1) strain of swine influenza virus in studies of a viral reassortant (x-53a) bearing this gene. this determination has permitted comparison with human influenza h1n1 prototype viruses a/wsn/33 and a/pr/8/34, with which 80% and 94% amino acid homology was found between ha1 and ha2, respectively. partial sequences have been determined for other viral reassortants ...	1983	6580621
genetic relatedness of hemagglutinins of the h1 subtype of influenza a viruses isolated from swine and birds.	the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the influenza virus subtype h1n1 isolated from pigs and birds has been analyzed by the hybridization technique. according to the rnase protection data the ha genes of recent isolates from pigs in northern europe are genetically more closely related to those of isolates from birds in europe and north america than to those of isolates from pigs in the united states, taiwan, and italy. thus, two different h1n1 subtypes are circulating in the pig population. the result ...	1983	6623931
single radial complement fixation test using complement film. assay of the antibody response to strain and type specific antigens of influenza virus.	a stabilized modification of the single radial complement fixation test in gel (srcf) was developed for detecting influenza antibodies. the principle of the test is the use of a single-step procedure with the following reagents: (1) agarose plate containing influenza antigen and antibody coated erythrocytes (ea). (2) thin plastic film coated with dried complement. by filling the wells cut in the agar with the heat inactivated serum samples and covering the agar surface with the complement film, ...	1983	6630403
experimental allergic neuritis-like disease in rabbits after injection with influenza vaccines mixed with gangliosides and adjuvants.	an experimental allergic neuritis-like disease was induced in rabbits 3 to 8 weeks after injection with large doses of influenza vaccines mixed with gangliosides, cholesterol, and freund complete adjuvant. the inclusion of gangliosides was essential to induce the experimental allergic neuritis-like disease. in trials with six different lots of vaccine, both swine influenza and non-swine influenza vaccines produced by four different manufacturers induced experimental allergic neuritis-like diseas ...	1983	6642653
[epizootic swine influenza on animal farms in brittany].	since 1976, seroepidemiological surveys using radial haemolysis and isolation trials from samples collected from pigs at the abattoir showed that brittany was an important reservoir of swine subclinical infections due to the human influenza a viruses h3n2. influenza a h1sw n1sw subclinical infections sporadically occurred from 1979 to 1981. in january 1982 an epizootic started in finistère which spread from west to east. the h1sw and n1sw antigens of 28 stains isolated from 1979 to 1982 were stu ...	1983	6658105
antigenic characteristics and genome composition of a naturally occurring recombinant influenza virus isolated from a pig in japan.	we performed antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of a recombinant virus (a/swine/kanagawa/2/78) isolated from a pig in japan in 1978, using a series of monoclonal antibodies to h1 (hsw1) haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidases of h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. results obtained in haemagglutination inhibition tests with five monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin of a/nj/8/76 (h1n1) revealed that the haemagglutinin of three h1n1 and the recombinant viruses were indisting ...	1983	6198440
antigenic and genetic characterization of h1 influenza viruses isolated from feral ducks and swine in japan.	the strains of h 1 n 4 influenza a virus isolated from feral ducks in japan in 1977-78 were compared to swine-origin h 1 n 1 viruses antigenically and genetically. homologous characteristics were found among the h 1 n 4 isolates from feral ducks in hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests, viral rna patterns on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping. although the hemagglutinins of duck-origin viruses employed in this study were identified as h 1, the viruses were distinguis ...	1983	6651533
swine influenza-like viruses in turkeys: potential source of virus for humans?	influenza a viruses (subtype h1n1), recently isolated from turkeys in different areas of the united states, were determined to be closely related to strains typically associated with pigs. this conclusion was based on comparisons of h1n1 isolates from pigs, humans, ducks, and turkeys with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, rna-rna competitive hybridization, and replication studies. one of the h1n1 isolates from turkeys caused influenza in a laboratory technician, who displayed fever, respirat ...	1983	6298942
bacterial cell wall components decrease the number of guinea-pig lung beta-adrenoceptors.	infections of the deeper respiratory airways can contribute to the progression of chronic asthmatic bronchitis. in the present report a number of microorganisms affecting the number of beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig lung homogenates are described. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis and escherichia coli o111b4 induced a significant decrease of the number of beta-adrenoceptors (by approximately 20%). staphylococcus aureus, influenza a virus and escherichia col ...	1983	6301848
[seroepidemiological studies on the outbreaks of a/swine type influenza with special reference ot the porcine and the human infection].		1983	6306045
[comparison of the 35s-methionine oligopeptide maps of influenza a virus np proteins].	tryptic mapping of radioactive methionine-labeled np proteins of 15 species of human influenzae a viruses and 11 animal viruses was performed. on the basis of similarities and differences of peptide maps, np proteins were divided into 4 groups designated a, b, c, and d. group a included viruses a/ws/33 and a/pr/8/34; group b viruses h1n1 (apart from those isolated after 1977 and wsn virus), h2n2, h3n2, and 8 species of animal influenza viruses, group c 4 species of h1n1 viruses isolated in 1977- ...	1983	6659469
[experimental swine influenza. comparison of the pathogenicity of swine-type wild influenza viruses and strains of human type h3 n2 whose reservoir is swine].	intra-nasal inoculation of 10-day-old piglets, free of specific pathogenic flora, with swine influenza virus a/h1 n1 and a/h3 n2 produces lesions of viral pneumonia without detectable clinical signs. following indirect contamination all the strains studied were able to multiply in the respiratory tract; in those cases where no macroscopic lesion was seen, microscopic examination revealed variable modification of the pulmonary tissue depending on the virus causing infection. influenza virus type ...	1983	6614787
antigenic variation in the influenza a virus nonstructural protein, ns1.	the antigenic structure of the nonstructural (ns1) protein encoded by influenza type a virus was examined using monoclonal antibodies prepared against purified ns1 inclusions isolated from the cytoplasm of infected cells. topographical analysis by competitive radioimmunoassay indicated that three different overlapping antigenic regions were present on the ns1 of a/wsn/33 (h1n1). immunoprecipitation studies using infected cell lysates showed that antigenic determinants on a/wsn/33 ns1 are common ...	1983	6195814
[swine influenza: anatomic and histologic changes in the respiratory tract].		1983	6313320
influenza virus a/swine-outbreaks in domestic pigs and antibody findings in human sera.	in the last years, the occurrence of influenza viruses a/h1n1 (hsw1n1) in pig stocks of different countries has been increasingly reported. in general, the isolated viruses were related to the influenza virus a/new jersey/8/76 h1n1 (hsw1n1). human infections were not reported in these outbreaks. since march 1981, very limited influenza outbreaks in several pig stocks of the gdr with high morbidity and very low lethality have been observed. the illness took an uncomplicated path and generally sub ...	1983	6316691
surveillance of pelagic birds for influenza a viruses.	within a 4-year surveillance period for influenza a virus in pelagic birds, 351 influenza a strains were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of 3344 apparently healthy ducks, gulls, swans, terns and geese. the isolated influenza a viruses represent 14 subtypes. their haemagglutinins (ha) were mainly related to avian ha, but also to the human ha h2 and to the swine ha hswl. the neuraminidases (na) were identified as avian, equine and human na. the isolated influenza a strains include fowl plague- ...	1983	6133434
surveillance of influenza in houston, texas, usa: gradual transition from a/victoria/75 (h3n2) to a/texas/77 (h3n2) predominance and antigenic characterization of "intermediate" strains.	influenza epidemics in houston, texas, usa, during the winters of 1975-76, 1976-77, and 1977-78 were attributed to a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), b/hong kong/5/72, and a/texas/1/77 (h3n2)-like viruses, respectively. both a/victoria and a/texas viruses were detected towards the end of the 1976-77 epidemic and throughout the 1977-78 epidemic. to determine if there had been a gradual transition in the predominant strain, 267 viral isolates from the 1975-76 epidemic were tested for a/texas virus. eight spe ...	1983	6190585
monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin sa antigenic site of a/pr/8/34 influenza virus distinguish biologic mutants of swine influenza virus.	the dimorphic l and h hemagglutinin mutants of a/nj/11/76(h1n1) (swine) influenza virus differ pleiotropically in their replication and virulence characteristics and in their antigenicity. l mutants replicate less well in chicken embryos and madin-darby canine kidney cells and are more infective for swine than are h mutants. l and h mutants are not antigenically distinguishable in cross-neutralization tests with homotypic antisera, but they can be identified with certain heterotypic heterogeneou ...	1983	6194531
isolation of viruses antigenically related to the swine influenza virus from an outbreak of respiratory disease in turkey farms in israel.		1984	6328732
plaque assay of equine influenza virus.	esk cells, a stable cell line derived from a swine embryo kidney, were found to be a good medium for plaque formation of the prague and miami strains of equine influenza virus. factors influencing the plaque formation were investigated and a plaque assay for these viruses was worked out. the method is not only simple enough for routine use, but also is as sensitive as the egg inoculation method. the method was readily adapted for a neutralization test.	1984	6730308
[immunoactive peptides].	perspectives for use of four groups of immunoactive peptides in medico-biological investigations are considered. glycopeptides, fragments of bacterial cell walls and their analogues, exhibited distinct modulating effect both on humoral and cell systems of immunity as well as the antitumoral action. mechanisms of action of these substances are discussed. synthesis and biological effect of thymus blood serum factor and of its simplified analogues are described. perspectives for use of synthetic pe ...	1984	6206648
the swine flu incident revisited.		1984	6497358
estimation of the probability that guillain-barre syndrome was caused by the swine flu vaccine: us experience (1976-77).		1984	6700403
correlation of influenza a virus nucleoprotein genes with host species.	the rnas coding for the nucleoproteins of a panel of influenza isolates from human and nonhuman hosts were compared by rna-rna hybridization to determine the extent of genetic diversity of this protein and to determine if related nucleoproteins (np) are consistently found in viruses from certain hosts. five nucleoprotein groups were defined. group 1 contains nearly all of the avian influenza viruses, group 2 includes only certain viruses isolated from gulls, group 3 includes all recent equine in ...	1984	6710867
lack of significant person-to-person spread of swine influenza-like virus following fatal infection in an immunocompromised child.	in february 1982, a four-year-old nevada girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission was hospitalized with fulminant pneumonia and died eight days later at a hospital in california. an influenza virus was the only pathogen detected, and was present in both antemortem and postmortem specimens. the virus was closely related antigenically to a/new jersey/8/76 (h1n1) and had a genome very similar to a contemporary enzootic swine influenza virus. the patient had had no known contact with swin ...	1984	6320637
swine flu vaccine and multiple sclerosis.	using age-specific rates for multiple sclerosis (ms) based on a national survey, the number of "naturally occurring" new cases of ms among the 45 million swine flu vaccine recipients in the united states is estimated as 1,624 during the year after vaccination, or 31 cases per week. information from available reports and publications indicates no excess over the expected frequencies. analyses of admissions for ms before, during, and after the immunization program showed no increase to the us army ...	1984	6325730
antigenic comparisons of swine-influenza-like h1n1 isolates from pigs, birds and humans: an international collaborative study.	the objective of this international collaborative study was to compare recent swine isolates of influenza viruses and determine whether significant antigenic differences among isolates from different areas of the world could be detected. h1n1 viruses isolated from pigs, birds and humans in 12 different countries were compared in haemagglutination-inhibition assays with post-infection ferret sera and monoclonal antibodies to h1n1 strains. using a/nj/8/76 as the reference strain, we found that rec ...	1984	6335845
lack of association of swine flu vaccine and rheumatoid arthritis.	on the basis of available incidence rates, about 22,000 new cases of definite rheumatoid arthritis would have developed fortuitously among the 45 million recipients of the swine flu vaccine during the year after the immunization program. no excess has been detected. proportional morbidity studies among all mayo clinic patients and among the active-duty personnel of the us army showed no increase in the number of cases of rheumatoid arthritis after administration of the swine flu vaccine. these r ...	1984	6503362
[safety and effectiveness study of the aerosol method of administering inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine in an experiment].	experiments in laboratory animals demonstrated safety, areactogenicity, and low allergenic potential of inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine (iicv) administered by aerosol method. aerosol immunization of white rats resulted in the development of the same level of secretory antibody as after intraperitoneal inoculation of iicv but the immunizing aspirational dose was 10-20 times as low as parenteral. marked protection of mice was achieved after triple aerosol immunization of immunologica ...	1984	6516324
nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human strains, are not cleaved in infected cells.	we previously reported that nucleoproteins (nps) of human influenza viruses are cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of np, uncleaved (mol. wt. 56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. here, we report that nps of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. the resistance of the ...	1984	6374032
[test system for detecting and differentiating the influenza virus by an immunoenzyme method].	detection and differentiation of small amounts of influenza a and b viruses was done by enzyme-immunoassay based on detection of the complex of internal proteins. it was shown that two kinds of sera to the complex of internal proteins could be used: sera against disrupted viruses grown in a different system (mice or cell culture) and containing almost no cam component for virus detection in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos, and sera to preparations of viruses grown in chick embryos and disru ...	1984	6388159
genetic relatedness between a/swine/iowa/15/30(h1n1) and human influenza viruses.	the nucleotide sequences of the m and ns1 genes of influenza virus a/swine/iowa/15/30 (a/sw/iw/30)(h1n1) were determined with cloned dnas and compared with reported sequences of human and avian influenza viruses. a/sw/iw/30 virus was found to be closely similar to a/pr/8/34(h1n1) virus in the nucleotide sequences of the m and ns1 genes, the base differences between the two strains being 64 out of 1027 nucleotides in the m gene and 52 out of 740 in the ns1 gene. based on the assumptions that thes ...	1984	6495656
a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes.	a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ...	1984	6323512
[influenza in swine--distribution and importance].		1984	6084507
swine influenza virus vaccine incident.		1984	6086921
sporadic occurrence of zoonotic swine influenza virus infections.	two infections by swine influenza virus, antigenically similar to a/new jersey/76 (h1n1) virus, were detected during community epidemics with other influenza viruses. the swinelike viruses were obtained during virological surveillance of acute respiratory illnesses, and the clinical symptoms of these two patients were similar to those caused by other respiratory viruses. both patients reported contact with swine a few days before onset of illness, but in one case it was brief. serological studie ...	1984	6092435
[swine influenza-a viruses as progenitors of human influenza].		1984	6100202
improving health care planning--some lessons from immunization.	this article presents a managerial perspective on health planning by the federal government illustrated by the case of the swine flu immunization program. the recent national program in the u.s.a. for immunizing the entire population against the swine flu is examined in terms of the processes of health planning. it is concluded that this program was poorly planned and therefore doomed to failure from the beginning. recommendations for improved planning of similar programs are made.	1984	10316078
multiple-cloning-site plasmids for the rapid construction of recombinant poxviruses.	plasmid vectors containing multiple cloning sites suitable for the rapid insertion of protein-coding sequences into poxviruses have been constructed. they are based on puc plasmids and carry the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of vaccinia virus interrupted by a vaccinia virus promoter. six unique restriction enzyme sites (bamhi, sali/hincii, psti, hindiii, ecori), located within 40 bp of vaccinia virus promoters transposed from the hindiii-f or hindiii-c fragment of the vaccinia virus genome, allow r ...	1985	4029620
lack of association of a/nj/76 (swine flu) vaccine and polymyositis.	there is no indication of an increase in the number of cases of polymyositis/dermatomyositis observed and reported among the 43.3 million civilians who received the a/nj/76 (swine flu) vaccine from october 1 to december 16, 1976, in the united states. among nearly 1 million army and navy personnel who received the vaccine, there was no increase in the incidence rate of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. furthermore, there was no indication of an increase in the number of cases of polymyositis/dermato ...	1985	3831787
scanning electron microscopy: observations of influenza virus adsorption on erythrocytes.		1985	3842475
antigenic characterization of influenza a (h1n1) viruses recently isolated from pigs and turkeys in france.	the spread of influenza a viruses from one animal reservoir to another forms an important part of the epidemiological study of influenza. the precise characterization of viral antigens by monoclonal antibodies makes possible an interesting immunological approach to the transfer of strains from one reservoir to another.this work has shown that the recent porcine strains in france, belgium, and spain are closely related antigenically, and distinct from the a/sw/nj/8/76 strain. their prototype is s ...	1985	3876171
[sorption and antigenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin].		1985	3890371
the demonstration of the influenza virus by the method of the immune electron microscopy.	the direct and indirect method of the immune electron microscopy (iem) was used for the identification of two influenza viruses of the type a--[strain a/chabarovsk/77 (h1n1) and a/texas/77 (h3n2)]--by means of reference specific rat- and human- convalescent sera. in the cross-testing different dilutions of the virus in the allantoic fluid and of the sera were examined for the determination of the appropriate rates for the formation of the immunocomplexes. in the demonstration of the immunocomple ...	1985	3926876
characterization of virulent and avirulent a/chicken/pennsylvania/83 influenza a viruses: potential role of defective interfering rnas in nature.	in april 1983, an influenza virus of low virulence appeared in chickens in pennsylvania. subsequently, in october 1983, the virus became virulent and caused high mortality in poultry. the causative agent has been identified as an influenza virus of the h5n2 serotype. the hemagglutinin is antigenically closely related to tern/south africa/61 (h5n3) and the neuraminidase is similar to that from human h2n2 strains (e.g., a/japan/305/57) and from some avian influenza virus strains (e.g., a/turkey/ma ...	1985	3973976
host range of a/chicken/pennsylvania/83 (h5n2) influenza virus.	the highly pathogenic a/chicken/penn./1370/83 (h5n2) avian influenza virus, which caused 80% mortality in chickens in pennsylvania, produced only mild transient illness in experimentally infected pheasants, little or no clinical signs in ring-billed gulls and pigs, and no clinical signs in pekin ducks. virus could be recovered from only the upper respiratory tract of gulls and pigs for 1-2 days. infection in ducks resulted in intestinal replication of virus in only 1 out of 12 ducks. by contrast ...	1985	3985875
swine influenza vaccination. truth and consequences.		1985	4051840