Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| critical factors affecting the diagnostic reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats. | this paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. newly developed and well-established elisas for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are used as examples. differ ... | 1998 | 9713894 |
| suppression of pseudorabies virus replication by a mutant form of immediate-early protein ie180 repressing the viral gene transcription. | a mutant form of the immediate-early (ie) protein ie180 of pseudorabies virus (prv), din454-c1081 is a strong repressor of the prv ie gene promoter. in order to assess the antiviral potential of the ie180 mutant, hela cells were transformed with the mutant gene and then infected with prv and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the transformed cell lines showed marked resistance to prv infection, but were susceptible to infection with hsv-1, indicating that the ie180 mutant expressed in the stab ... | 1998 | 9646443 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of spread of aujeszky's disease virus to the porcine central nervous system after intestinal inoculation. | aujeszky's disease virus (adv) was injected into the duodenal lumen of eight specific pathogen-free pigs aged 5 weeks. the infected pigs did not show any diarrhoea or nervous symptoms, but they developed characteristic necrotizing enteritis and myenteric plexitis, accompanied by follicular necrosis in the peyer's patches. adv antigen was detected in the submucosa of the dome area of peyer's patches, lymphatic follicles, meissner's and auerbach's plexuses, solar ganglia and thoracic spinal gangli ... | 1998 | 9651809 |
| interleukin-12 enhances the virus-specific interferon gamma response of pigs to an inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine. | cell-mediated immunity is a major component of the host defense system against viral infections. since interleukin (il)-12 has been shown to be a potent stimulus for the in vivo generation of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-producing t cells (i.e. th-1 cells) in laboratory animals, we evaluated the effect of il-12 on the cellular immune response of pigs to vaccination against pseudorabies virus (prv), a herpesvirus of swine. the magnitude of the cellular immune response was measured by ifn-gamma el ... | 1998 | 9656441 |
| influence of cell surface glycoprotein gc produced by pseudorabies virus on cytopathic effect. | the wild-type pseudorabies virus (wt-prv) produced a round-type cytopathic effect (cpe) in pk-15 cell line of porcine kidney origin, while prvgcs lacking in gc-transmembrane-anchor region and prvgc-defecting in gc gene produced a syncytium-type cpe. the mouse embryo cell line (balb/3t3 clone a31) were transfected with recombinant plasmid of pcdna3 which incorporated with gc gene. the transfected a31/gc cells were stably expressing gc. only a round-type cpe was observed in these cells infected wi ... | 1998 | 9764402 |
| prevalence of antibodies of field pseudorabies virus in pigs of herd vaccinated with live vaccine. | this trial was performed in a 350-sow farrow-to-finish pig farm in which animals had been vaccinated against aujeszky's disease with glycoprotein gc deletion (gc(-)) vaccine. the prevalence of antibodies against field pseudorabies virus (prv) in serum samples collected from sows and fattening pigs during the period march 1995 to may 1997 was determined by using a commercial assay kit. the frequencies with which prv-positive sows were found were 28.9% and 25.0% in march and october of 1995, 12.5% ... | 1998 | 9560796 |
| glycoprotein b of aujeszky's disease virus: topographical epitope mapping and epitope-specific antibody response. | a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against glycoprotein b (gb) of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus (adv), a glycoprotein complex consisting of three glycoproteins, gba, gbb, and gbc, was produced by two research groups and was used for the topographical epitope mapping of gb. an epitope map was constructed in which the identified epitopes of gb were situated in 14 topologically distinct antigenic domains; ten antigenic domains represented by 22 mabs were localized on gbc, while fo ... | 1998 | 9561562 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp-0 induces reactivation of pseudorabies virus from latently infected trigeminal ganglia explant cultures. | pseudorabies virus (prv), like other alphaherpesviruses, is a neurotropic virus that can establish a latent infection in swine. reactivation of prv from latency may occur spontaneously or after induction with corticosteroids. the mechanisms involved in the establishment of latency and reactivation are currently unknown. here, we examined gene-specific reactivation of prv by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate early protein, icp-0. primary neuronal cell cultures established from the tri ... | 1998 | 9572559 |
| acetylcholine reactivates latent pseudorabies virus in mice. | the latency model of pseudorabies virus (prv) wild strain, ys-81, in mice was established and latent prv reactivated with acetylcholine. the latent prv was reactivated from the trigeminal ganglia with acetylcholine. it was found that this model is useful in investigating the mechanism of latent prv reactivation by acetylcholine. | 1998 | 9506818 |
| enteric lesions induced by different pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus strains inoculated into closed intestinal loops of pigs. | three different strains of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus were inoculated into ligated closed loops in the jejunum and ileum of five specific-pathogen-free pigs. infected areas were compared with respect to distribution of histologic lesions and pseudorabies virus antigen. two wild-type strains of pseudorabies virus produced enteric lesions consisting of necrosis of the subepithelial macrophages in the basilar crypt epithelium, necrosis of the lymphoid follicles in the peyer's patches, ... | 1998 | 9526858 |
| experimental dual infection of cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pseudorabies virus. | to determine whether pseudorabies virus (prv) infection increases the severity of pneumonia by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, 18, 10-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 6 pigs each. pigs in groups a and c were inoculated intranasally with m. hyopneumoniae at 10-week-old. at 11-week-old, pigs in groups b and c were inoculated intranasally with prv. all pigs were initially seronegative for m. hyopneumoniae and prv. three pigs of each group were eutha ... | 1998 | 9560775 |
| pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gk is a virion structural component involved in virus release but is not required for entry. | the pseudorabies virus (prv) gene homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul53, which encodes hsv-1 glycoprotein k (gk), has recently been sequenced (j. baumeister, b. g. klupp, and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 69:5560-5567, 1995). to identify the corresponding protein, a rabbit antiserum was raised against a 40-kda glutathione s-transferase-gk fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli. in western blot analysis, this serum detected a 32-kda polypeptide in prv-infected cell lysates ... | 1998 | 9499048 |
| implications derived from a mathematical model for eradication of pseudorabies virus. | simple mathematical models based on experimental and observational data were applied to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies virus (prv) regionally by vaccination and to determine which factors can jeopardise eradication. as much as possible, the models were uncomplicated and our conclusions were based on mathematical analysis. for complicated situations, monte-carlo simulation was used to support the conclusions. for eradication, it is sufficient that the reproduction ratio r (t ... | 1998 | 9500163 |
| effects of stress resulting from short-term restraint on in vitro functional capacity of leukocytes obtained from pigs. | to investigate whether the procedure used to snare and restrain pigs during collection of blood samples would alter in vitro functional capacity of leukocytes in the samples. | 1998 | 9563624 |
| gene arrangement within the unique long genome region of infectious laryngotracheitis virus is distinct from that of other alphaherpesviruses. | the genome of the avian alphaherpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) comprises ca. 155 kbp of which ca. one-third have been sequenced so far. to gain additional sequence information we analyzed two stretches of 15.5 and 1.9 kbp of the iltv unique long (u(l)) genome region. the larger fragment contains homologs of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ul23 (thymidine kinase) and ul22 (glycoprotein h) genes followed by five open reading frames (orf) encoding putative proteins of 334 to 410 ... | 1998 | 9420298 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci for immune capacity in the pig. | immune capacity traits show considerable genetic variation in outbred populations. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for immune capacity in the pig, various measures of immune function (total and differential leukocyte counts, neutrophil phagocytosis, mitogen-induced proliferation, il-2 production, and virus induced ifn-alpha production in whole blood cultures, and ab responses to two escherichia coli antigens) were determined in 200 f2 animals from a wild pig-swedish yorkshire intercro ... | 1998 | 9670960 |
| pseudorabies virus-induced leukocyte trafficking into the rat central nervous system. | when the swine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv) infects the rat retina, it replicates in retinal ganglion cells and invades the central nervous system (cns) via anterograde transynaptic spread through axons in the optic nerve. virus can also spread to the cns via retrograde transport through the oculomotor nucleus that innervates extraocular muscles of the eye. since retrograde infection of the cns precedes anterograde transynaptic infection, the temporal sequence of infection of the cn ... | 1998 | 9765465 |
| reactions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to alpha herpesvirus infection of the central nervous system. | adult animals harbor an abundant population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (opcs) whose functions, other than providing a pool of precursors for oligodendrocytes, are unknown. previous studies have demonstrated that these unusual glial cells, which can be identified by virtue of their expression of the ng2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, react to traumatic brain injury. to determine the generality of the ability of opcs to react to neuropathological insults, we have examined the reactions ... | 1998 | 9671962 |
| experimental infection of pigs with a thymidine kinase negative strain of pseudorabies virus. | sixteen 20 day old pigs, devoid of neutralizing antibody to pseudorabies virus (prv), were divided into two groups of eight, an the animals of each group were housed in a separate unit. in each group 6 pigs were inoculated intranasally with the thymidine kinase (tk-) mutant (group 1) or the field strain of prv (group 2), each pig receiving an inoculum of 4 ml. the remaining 2 pigs in each group served as uninoculated controls. the only clinical sign observed in the pigs of group 1 was a transien ... | 1998 | 9775359 |
| analysis of the equalization of inverted repeats and neurovirulence using a pseudorabies virus mutant strain altered at the ul/ir junction. | a recombinant pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus (prv) designated as ve16lac was constructed by deleting a 3-kbp dna segment spanning the junction of long and short components of the viral genome, and by replacing the deleted segment with a lacz-expression cassette. the aim of constructing this mutant was (a) to determine whether the terminal repeat (tr) can serve as a template for the regeneration of the internal repeat (ir), and (b) whether this deletion causes a reduction in the neuroinv ... | 1998 | 9778792 |
| identification, expression, and characterization of the pseudorabies virus dna-binding protein gene and gene product. | the pseudorabies virus (prv) gene encoding a dna-binding protein (dbp) was first identified in this study. the dbp gene has an open reading frame of 3531 nucleotides, capable of coding a 1177-amino-acid polypeptide of 125 kda. the deduced dbp exhibits a conserved zinc-binding motif and a conserved dna-binding region, suggesting the similar dna-binding mechanism occurs among alphaherpesviral dbp homologs. to further identify the biochemical properties of prv dbp, this protein was expressed in esc ... | 1998 | 9784061 |
| cytokines as markers for infections and their effect on growth performance and well-being in the pig. | exposure to micro-organisms commonly elicit the production of cytokines. these soluble factors enhance several innate immune functions that aim to limit the spread of infection. further, many of the pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate the ensuing specific immune response. in addition to their effects on cells of the immune system, cytokines also are important regulators in the so called immune-neuroendocrine network. the microbial structures that are necessary for induction of cytokine productio ... | 1998 | 9785048 |
| interleukin-2 dependent selective activation of porcine gamma delta t lymphocytes by an extract from the leaves of acanthospermum hispidum. | the immunostimulatory capacity of acanthospermum hispidum, a tropical plant which is used in the traditional medicine of benin for the treatment of infectious diseases, was studied in the porcine immune system. these in vitro studies revealed the capacity of a. hispidum to enhance the proliferation of t lymphocytes after stimulation with cona or allogeneic stimulator cells in the mixed leucocyte culture (mlc). the virus-specific mhc class ii-restricted in vitro immune response against pseudorabi ... | 1998 | 9717084 |
| study of the persistence of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissues of experimentally infected pigs. | the presence of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and tissues of experimentally infected pigs was studied. vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs were inoculated with different doses of aujeszky's disease nia-3 strain. pigs were periodically bled and pbmc were used for virus isolation and pcr detection of virus. tissues were obtained at the time of death (8 weeks post-inoculation) and used for adv genome detection by pcr. adv genome was amplified from pbmc dur ... | 1998 | 9791865 |
| use of muscle exudates for the detection of anti-ge antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus. | a commercial elisa test to detect serum anti-ge antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus was adapted for use with muscle exudates. the muscle samples were taken from the diaphragm of pig carcasses at the slaughterhouse. three hundred and eighty-nine pairs of samples of serum and muscle exudate were compared to determine the possibility of using muscle exudate samples in a programme to control aujeszky's disease. taking the serum samples as the reference, the individual sensitivity of the test was ... | 1998 | 9802195 |
| time course of the porcine cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo against pseudorabies virus after inoculation and challenge: significance of in vitro antigenic restimulation. | we investigated the time course of porcine cellular and humoral immune responses against pseudorabies virus (prv) after pigs were inoculated with prv ge(-) mutant strain m141 and challenged with wild-type virus nia-3. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were isolated from blood samples; half were used directly and half were restimulated with prv in vitro before use in a cytolytic assay. we determined time course and extent of prv-specific lymphoproliferative and cytolytic response. in addi ... | 1998 | 9802578 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 2--effects on the interferon-alpha production of porcine leukocytes in vivo and in vitro. | effects of a bacterial infection on the ifn-alpha production in vivo and in vitro were studied in eight specific pathogen free pigs experimentally infected with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. clinically, the experimental infection was manifested as a febrile stage which lasted approximately one week and by signs of respiratory disease. the aujeszky's disease virus (adv) induced ifn-alpha production, assessed in whole blood cultures, was increased for the infected pigs during the febrile stage. ... | 1998 | 9611683 |
| [control of the identity of blood samples for the surveillance of research on swine vesicular disease and aujeszky's disease]. | a surveillance programme for swine vesicular disease (svd) and aujeszky disease was set up in 1993 in the netherlands. blood samples are taken from pigs by local veterinarians to enable testing for the presence of antibodies against these viruses. a programme to guarantee the identity of pigs tested for these diseases has been in operation since late 1995. in this programme, pigs are identified on the basis of the dna profiles of blood and hair samples. the hair samples are collected by the depa ... | 1998 | 9618820 |
| immunogenicity of vector dna vaccine constructs of pseudorabies virus immediate early gene (ie180) in mice and swine. | 1998 | 9668518 | |
| determination of adequate moisture content for efficient dry-heat viral inactivation in lyophilized factor viii by loss on drying and by near infrared spectroscopy. | a requirement for a minimal threshold level of moisture in order for efficient virus inactivation to occur during dry heat treatment of freeze-dried coagulation factor concentrates is described. techniques used to determine moisture content during heating were loss on drying and karl fischer. the loss on drying was suspected to have occasional errors as a result of sample preparation being influenced by interference from atmospheric moisture. therefore, a non-invasive, non-destructive method for ... | 1998 | 9811517 |
| effect of vaccination route and composition of dna vaccine on the induction of protective immunity against pseudorabies infection in pigs. | vaccination with naked dna may be an alternative to conventional vaccines because it combines the efficacy of attenuated vaccines with the biological safety of inactivated vaccines. we recently showed that the vaccination with naked dna coding for the immunorelevant glycoprotein d (gd) of pseudorabies virus (prv) induced both antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs and provided protection against challenge infection. to determine whether the efficacy of the naked dna vaccination against prv ... | 1998 | 9860185 |
| viruses as transneuronal tracers for defining neural circuits. | live viruses can be used as tools to label chains of neurons and thus to define functionally connected cns circuits. this review summarizes the background and general principles involved in using the viral tracing technology. an attenuated form of a pig herpes virus, known as the bartha's k strain of pseudorabies virus, has proven to be a useful type of virus for the analysis of cns systems in the rat. the properties of this virus and the evidence for its specificity in causing trans-synaptic in ... | 1998 | 9809303 |
| molecular mechanisms of neurotropic herpesvirus invasion and spread in the cns. | pseudorabies virus (prv) is a herpesvirus in the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae (the alpha herpesviruses). after primary infection at mucosal surfaces, prv infects the peripheral nervous system in its natural host (swine) with occasional invasion of the central nervous system. when other hosts (including cows and rodents) are infected, the infection almost always gives rise to fatal disease in the cns as a result of infection of peripheral neurons and subsequent spread to the brain. part of the ab ... | 1998 | 9809306 |
| validation of the heat treatment step used in the production of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (dclhb) for viral inactivation. | a series of experiments was performed to assess the ability of the heat treatment step used in the manufacture of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (dclhb) to inactivate viruses. in-process solutions (reaction mixtures after the crosslinking process) from six different manufacturing lots were used as test media in a 1:680 scaled down system in which the key process parameters used in the large scale production were duplicated. the inactivation of five different viruses (bovine viral diarrhea viru ... | 1998 | 9844723 |
| pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein 0 activates prv gene transcription in combination with the immediate-early protein ie180 and enhances the infectivity of prv genomic dna. | pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein 0 (ep0) functions as a transactivator of the viral gene promoters. in transient expression assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) reporter constructs, ep0 and the immediate-early protein ie180 act in an additive manner to activate transcription from the thymidine kinase (tk) and glycoprotein g (gg) gene promoters. ep0 enhanced the synthesis of infectious virus in cotransfection experiments with the ep0-expression plasmid and prv genomic d ... | 1998 | 9850990 |
| construction of a recombinant herpesvirus expressing the jellyfish green fluorescent protein. | here we report the insertion of a synthetic version of the cdna encoding the jellyfish (aequorea victoria) green fluorescent protein (gfph ) into the genome of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus (prv). a putative latency promoter (plat) located at the inverted repeat region of the prv genome was chosen as the target site for the insertion. recombinant viral dna designated as vlat-gfp was generated as a result of homologous recombination between the transfected viral dna and a plasmid contai ... | 1999 | 10398563 |
| construction and transposon mutagenesis in escherichia coli of a full-length infectious clone of pseudorabies virus, an alphaherpesvirus. | a full-length clone of the 142-kb pseudorabies virus (prv) genome was constructed as a stable f plasmid in escherichia coli. the clone, pbecker1, was colinear with prv-becker genomic dna, lacking detectable rearrangements, deletions, or inversions. the transfection of pbecker1 into susceptible eukaryotic cells resulted in productive viral infection. virus isolated following transfection was indistinguishable from wild-type virus in a rodent model of infection and spread to retinorecipient region ... | 1999 | 10400733 |
| vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies virus with plasmid dna encoding glycoprotein d. | we analysed the ability of a plasmid carrying the gene encoding glycoprotein d (gd) of pseudorabies virus (prv) to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and assessed the protection provided by prv-gd dna vaccination against challenge infection with prv. immunization with plasmid prv-gd induced neutralizing antibodies and lymphocyte proliferative responses both in mice and pigs. moreover, when challenged with virulent prv six weeks following the last immunization, prv-gd dna vaccinate ... | 1999 | 10195639 |
| expression of the pseudorabies virus latency-associated transcript gene during productive infection of cultured cells. | like other alphaherpesviruses, pseudorabies virus (prv) exhibits restricted gene expression during latency. these latency-associated transcripts (lats) are derived from the region located within 0.69 to 0.77 map units of the viral genome. however, the presence of such viral rnas during a productive infection has not been described. although several transcripts originating between 0.706 to 0.737 map units have been detected in prv-infected cultured cells, their relationship to the lats has not be ... | 1999 | 10559288 |
| aujeszky's disease in captive bears. | five of eight bears died during an outbreak of aujeszky's disease in a travelling circus in the north of spain. the bears had been fed on a diet which included raw pigs' heads. one of three himalayan bears and a kodiak bear died acutely with signs of the disease. one of four polar bears died acutely without signs, another died with signs of aujeszky's disease while it was being treated, and a third died with enteritis and disseminated intestinal coagulation some time later without showing signs ... | 1999 | 10573192 |
| patterns of seroconversion to aujeszky's disease virus in unvaccinated chronically infected swedish weaner pig-producing herds. | this study was carried out in nine unvaccinated swedish weaner pig-producing herds, ranging in size from 20 to 134 breeding animals, which had experienced a previous outbreak of aujeszky's disease (ad) and in which seropositive sows were still present. the objective was to quantify the seroconversion rate to aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in breeding animals and to find out whether unvaccinated herds could become free from adv by using only seronegative animals for replacement. serum samples wer ... | 1999 | 10574069 |
| prevalence of herds with young sows seropositive to pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) in northern belgium. | in belgium, pseudorabies in swine has been the subject of a mandatory eradication programme since 1993. from december 1995 to february 1996, a survey was conducted in the five provinces of northern belgium to estimate the provincial pseudorabies virus (prv) herd seroprevalence. seven hundred and twenty randomly selected herds were included in this survey. to detect recently infected animals, only young sows were sampled. the results show that 44% of these herds had an important number of prv-ser ... | 1999 | 10530424 |
| role of the cytoplasmic tail of ge in antibody-induced redistribution of viral glycoproteins expressed on pseudorabies-virus-infected cells. | pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoprotein ge is a nonessential glycoprotein involved in virulence and spread of the virus. it also has an important, yet unknown, function during antibody-induced capping of viral glycoproteins on the plasma membrane of prv-infected swine kidney cells. in the present study, it was shown, by the use of a prv strain expressing a truncated ge glycoprotein, that the cytoplasmic tail of ge is of significant importance for viral glycoprotein capping to occur. in addition, u ... | 1999 | 10364498 |
| risk indicators for the seroprevalence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine influenza viruses and aujeszky's disease virus in slaughter pigs from fattening pig herds. | epidemiological aspects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses, and aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were investigated in slaughter pigs from 50 fattening pig herds. herd factors as potential risk indicators for respiratory disease were obtained by means of a questionnaire. at slaughter, blood samples were collected from each herd, and the proportion of seropositive pigs per herd was assessed for each of these pathogens. the median herd-level seroprevalence of the agents ... | 1999 | 10416368 |
| herd factors affecting the selection and success of intervention strategies in the program for eradication of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus from illinois swine farms. | the program for eradication of pseudorabies virus (prv) from swine herds in illinois was evaluated with respect to compliance with livestock conservation institute (lci) guidelines for selection of intervention strategies and for the effectiveness of these interventions under different herd conditions. the sample consisted of 395 swine operations quarantined between 1988 and 1994. these herds were followed until the end of 1996. the association of herd characteristics (number of sows, sow prv se ... | 1999 | 10423778 |
| swinepox virus as a vaccine vector for swine pathogens. | several small and large viruses (e.g., adenovirus, poxvirus, and herpesviruses) have been investigated as vaccine vectors. each viral system has its advantages and disadvantages. one major advantage for viral vector vaccines is their ability to elicit a protective cell-mediated immunity as well as a humoral response to the antigen delivered by the vector. one major problem to using recombinant viruses as vaccines is the pathogenic potential of the parent virus. therefore, it is important that al ... | 1999 | 9890036 |
| quantification of porcine cytokine gene expression using rt-pcr, a homologous internal control and chemiluminescence for microplate detection. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has proved to be a sensitive and versatile method for the analysis of human and murine cytokine mrna expression. this paper describes for the first time a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) at end-point for the quantification of five porcine cytokines: interferon (ifn)-gamma, interleukin (il)-2, il-4, il-10 and il-18. the main features of the methodology are: (1) a unique rt for all quantifications, (2) the addition of homologous dna inte ... | 1999 | 10556690 |
| technical requirements for the licensing of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) vaccines in the european union. | under the light of current scientific knowledge, particularly with the progress of molecular biology and of the definition of assays to be performed, it is possible to know, as accurately as possible, the biological properties of a vaccine. most requirements of ep monographs and directive 92/18 are founded on that concept. it is clear that there is a balance between safety and efficacy in the case of a live attenuated viral strain that means the more efficient a strain, the less safe it can be. ... | 1999 | 9890048 |
| protection of fattening pigs against challenge with aujeszky's disease virus after a successive intranasal/intramuscular vaccination. | in this study, the efficacy of successive intranasal (i.n.)/intramuscular (i.m.) vaccination against aujeszky's disease virus (adv) was assessed in experimental pigs. the double deletion-mutant kaplan ge-gl- was used for i.n. vaccination at 4 weeks of age and the commercially available bartha strain, suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion, was used for the i.m. booster vaccination at 10 weeks of age. efficacy was compared with that of the traditional double i.m. vaccination with the commercially ... | 1999 | 10427636 |
| enhanced protective response and immuno-adjuvant effects of porcine gm-csf on dna vaccination of pigs against aujeszky's disease virus. | this study was conducted to investigate whether the co-delivery of dna encoding porcine cytokines would enhance a protective immune response in pigs to a pseudorabies virus (prv; or aujeszky's disease virus) dna vaccine. aujeszky's disease in pigs results in respiratory and nervous symptoms with important economic losses. to evaluate cytokine effects, eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed for porcine gm-csf, il-2 and ifn-gamma. cdna for each of these cytokines was inserted under the con ... | 1999 | 10507367 |
| neural invasion of two virulent suid herpesvirus 1 strains in neonatal pigs with or without maternal immunity. | the neural invasion of two virulent suid herpesvirus 1 (shv1) strains was examined in neonatal pigs with or without maternal immunity. one-week-old pigs with comparable levels of maternal immunity (sn-titer = 12-48) were intranasally inoculated with 10(7.0) tcid50 of either of the ka or e21 strains. the invasion of the strains was examined in the nasal mucosa and in three neuronal levels of the trigeminal nervous pathway as well as in three levels of the olfactory nervous pathway by virus titrat ... | 1999 | 10512040 |
| circuit-specific coinfection of neurons in the rat central nervous system with two pseudorabies virus recombinants. | neurotropic alphaherpesviruses have become popular tools for transynaptic analysis of neural circuitry. it has also been demonstrated that coinfection with two viruses expressing unique reporters can be used to define more complicated circuitry. however, the coinfection studies reported to date have employed nonisogenic strains that differ in their invasive properties. in the present investigation we used two antigenically distinct recombinants of the swine pathogen pseudorabies virus (prv) in s ... | 1999 | 10516061 |
| sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in squalane-in-water as a novel and safe vaccine adjuvant. | previously, we described synergistic adjuvanticity of combinations of synthetic sulfolipo(sl)-derivatives of polysaccharide (sl-polysaccharides) and squalane-in-water emulsions (squalane/w). in this paper, effects of type of polysaccharide and nature of oil on adjuvanticity, reactogenicity and stability are described. sl-derivatives of the following polysaccharides were synthesised: synthetic polysucroses with weight-average molecular weight (mw) of 400,000 (ficoll400), 70,000 (ficoll70) and 39, ... | 1999 | 9987157 |
| effects of mild stress on the immune response against pseudorabies virus in mice. | stress is a recognised problem in intensive pig husbandry, which might lead to changes in immune reactivity. to study the effect of stress on the development of an anti-viral immune response, we used a murine model in which mice were immunized with an attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (prv). the effect of two stress treatments, both relevant to intensive pig husbandry, on the development of the specific immune response against prv was investigated. the stress treatments consisted of restra ... | 1999 | 10077421 |
| suprachiasmatic pacemaker organization analyzed by viral transynaptic transport. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the hypothalamus, the principal circadian pacemaker, is a paired structure with two subdivisions, a ventral core receiving photic input and a dorsal shell receiving non-photic input. rhythmicity is thought to be generated by individual scn neurons which are coupled to achieve synchrony [d.k. welsh, d.e. logothetis, m. meister, s.m. reppert, individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing patterns, ... | 1999 | 10082857 |
| development of porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector. | porcine adenovirus-3 (pav-3) was developed as an expression vector using homologous recombination in escherichia coli bj 5183. as a prerequisite, the complete genome of pav-3 was first introduced as a paci restriction fragment into a bacterial plasmid. the plasmid, when paci restricted and transfected into swine testicular cells, produces an infectious virus. the potential of this procedure was demonstrated by the construction of several pav-3 recombinants. part of the e3 region, which is noness ... | 1999 | 10091994 |
| enhanced proliferation and progesterone production by porcine granulosa cells cultured with pseudorabies virus growth factor (prgf). | the objective of this research was to study possible interactions of pseudorabies virus growth factor (prgf) with ovarian tissue. granulosa cells isolated from porcine ovaries were cultured as monolayers for 6 days in a control medium without prgf and in medium supplemented with different doses of this agent. increased population density and change towards more fibroblastic-like shape of cells cultured with 10(9) i.u prgf was observed when compared with control culture. the cells divided signifi ... | 1999 | 10210161 |
| indirect elisas based on recombinant and affinity-purified glycoprotein e of aujeszky's disease virus to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals. | two indirect elisas for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein e (ge) of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in sera have been developed. the rec-ge-elisa is based on the e. coli-expressed recombinant protein containing the n-terminal sequences of ge (aa 1-125) fused with the glutathione s-transferase from schistosoma japonicum. the affi-ge-elisa is based on native ge, which was purified from virions by affinity chromatography. the tests were optimised and compared with each other, as well ... | 1999 | 10213939 |
| potency of an experimental dna vaccine against aujeszky's disease in pigs. | intradermal vaccination with plasmid dna encoding envelope glycoprotein c (gc) of pseudorabies virus (prv) conferred protection of pigs against aujeszky's disease when challenged with strain 75v19, but proved to be inadequate for protection against the highly virulent strain nia-3. to improve the performance of the dna vaccine, animals were vaccinated intradermally with a combination of plasmids expressing prv glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, or ge under control of the major immediate-early promotor/en ... | 1999 | 10223318 |
| detection of two novel porcine herpesviruses with high similarity to gammaherpesviruses. | evidence for the existence of porcine gammaherpesviruses was obtained by pcr and sequence analysis. initially, samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), spleens, lungs, kidneys and livers of pigs from germany and spain were tested with a pcr assay which targets conserved regions of the herpesvirus dna polymerase gene with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. amplicons of identical sequence were obtained from one spleen and two pbmc samples. this sequence showed a high per ... | 1999 | 10211967 |
| neuroinvasiveness of pseudorabies virus injected intracerebrally is dependent on viral concentration and terminal field density. | pseudorabies virus (prv), a neurotropic swine alpha herpesvirus, has been used extensively for transneuronal analysis ofmultisynaptic circuitry after peripheral injection. in the present analysis, we examined the influence of viral concentration and neuronal architecture on the invasiveness, replication, and transynaptic passage of an attenuated strain of prv (prv-bartha) injected into rat striatum. different concentrations of prv-bartha were injected into the striatum at a constant rate of infu ... | 1999 | 10320223 |
| antibody-induced endocytosis of viral glycoproteins and major histocompatibility complex class i on pseudorabies virus-infected monocytes. | purified porcine monocytes, the natural carrier cells of pseudorabies virus (prv) in the pig, were inoculated in vitro with prv. at different time-points post-inoculation (p.i.) (from 7 to 17 h p.i.), the cells were washed and incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled porcine prv-specific polyclonal antibodies (igg) at 37 degrees c. at all time-points tested p.i., 1 h of antibody incubation induced passive patching and subsequent internalization of the plasma membrane-anchored viral gly ... | 1999 | 10355775 |
| inhibition of virion maturation by simultaneous deletion of glycoproteins e, i, and m of pseudorabies virus. | glycoprotein m (gm), the product of the ul10 gene of pseudorabies virus (prv), is one of the few nonessential glycoproteins conserved throughout the herpesviridae. in contrast to wild-type prv strains, the ul10 gene product of the attenuated prv vaccine strain bartha (prv-ba) is not modified by n-glycans due to a mutation in the dna sequence encoding the consensus n-glycosylation motif. to assay function of the ul10 protein in prv-ba, a ul10-deletion mutant (prv-ba-ul10(-)) was isolated. surpris ... | 1999 | 10364283 |
| differential regulation of dk and kk major histocompatibility complex class i proteins on the cell surface after infection of murine cells by pseudorabies virus. | after pseudorabies virus (prv) infection of murine l929 cells, the cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i proteins changes such that the total amount of mhc class i molecules remains relatively constant but the levels of the individual alleles dk and kk vary. this is an active process involving at least three prv gene products that act in an allele-specific manner such that cell surface expression of mhc class i dk is decreased and that of kk is increased. our ... | 1999 | 10364326 |
| life beyond eradication: veterinary viruses in basic science. | to some, the focus of research in virology entails the search for solutions of practical problems. by definition then, attention is limited to those viruses that cause disease or to exploitation of some aspect of virology to a practical end (e.g., antiviral drugs or vaccines). once a disease is cured, or the agent eradicated, it is time to move on to something else. to others, virology offers the opportunity to study fundamental problems in biology. work on these problems may offer no obvious pr ... | 1999 | 10470272 |
| a highly specific and sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on baculovirus expressed pseudorabies virus glycoprotein ge and gi complex. | a direct competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on baculovirus expressed complex of pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins e (ge) and i (gi) has been developed. for that purpose ge and gi genes of prv were co-expressed in insect cells. complex formation was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation assay. the specificity and sensitivity of the test were evaluated and compared with an elisa using only ge as an antigen and a commercially available test. for validation, 245 negativ ... | 1999 | 10535770 |
| analysis of the latency-associated transcript/ul1-3.5 gene cluster promoter complex of pseudorabies virus. | during latency, pseudorabies virus (prv) dna is preferentially retained in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and a spliced 8.5-kilobase poly-a rna, designated large latency transcript (llt), is synthesized. because llt is the only transcript made during the latent phase, the llt promoter may be unique among all other prv promoters that are active in productive infections. organization of the prv llt promoter is quite complex because it coincides with the ul1-3.5 gene cluster promoter, but i ... | 1999 | 10470261 |
| detection of pseudorabies virus dna in individual single-reactor pigs found in certified pseudorabies-free herds. | during monitoring of certified pseudorabies (prv)-free herds to confirm their prv -free status, occasional individual ge-seropositive pigs are detected. these single-reactor pigs remain ge-seropositive when further serum samples are collected and tested. for the eradication programme to proceed, it is important to determine whether these pigs are only false positives or are; in fact, infected with field prv. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) c ... | 1999 | 10607513 |
| use of interleukin 12 to enhance the cellular immune response of swine to an inactivated herpesvirus vaccine. | vaccination is the single most successful medical measure against infectious disease. however, the major barrier for achieving the full protective effect or immunization is how to render attenuated, killed, or subunit vaccines as immunogenic as the fully infectious versions of these microbes (hughes and babiuk, 1995; rabinovich et al., 1994). in the case of prv, infection with wild-type virus induces an immune response superior to vaccination with a live modified vaccine. after primary intranasa ... | 1999 | 9890035 |
| vaccination and eradication programme against aujeszky's disease in five swedish pig herds with special reference to herd owner attitudes. | a vaccination eradication programme against aujeszky's disease (ad), based on the use of ge-negative killed vaccine, was carried out between 1987 and 1992 in 5 swedish weaner pig producing or farrow-to-finish herds, with 63 to 398 breeding animals. all breeding animals were tested at the start and the end of the programme. seroprevalence to aujeszky's disease virus (adv) ranged between 47% and 100% in the herds at the first test. during the programme, all breeding animals were vaccinated simulta ... | 1999 | 10605138 |
| experimental infection of rhesus and pig-tailed macaques with macaque rhadinoviruses. | the recognition of naturally occurring rhadinoviruses in macaque monkeys has spurred interest in their use as models for human infection with kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8). rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemestrina) were inoculated intravenously with rhadinovirus isolates derived from these species (rhesus rhadinovirus [rrv] and pig-tailed rhadinovirus [prv]). nine rhadinovirus antibody-negative and two rhadinovirus antibody-positiv ... | 1999 | 10559350 |
| efficacy of an intranasal immunization with gegc and gegi double-deletion mutants of aujeszky's disease virus in maternally immune pigs and the effects of a successive intramuscular booster with commercial vaccines. | in this study, an intranasal immunization strategy was set up in maternally immune pigs in order to protect them not only clinically but also virologically. two genetically engineered aujeszky's disease virus (adv) strains, kaplan ge-gi- and kaplan ge-gc-, were used for intranasal immunization. both strains were safe for 4-week-old pigs. a single intranasal inoculation of 10(6.0) tcid50 of kaplan ge-gi- and kaplan ge-gc- at 4 weeks of age in the presence of moderate titres of maternally derived ... | 1999 | 10676150 |
| aujeszky's disease virus infection concurrent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. | 1999 | 10074664 | |
| application of a quantitative algorithm to restriction endonuclease analysis of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus from a geographically localized outbreak. | a retrospective epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate the application of an objective quantitative algorithm for estimating genetic similarity from restriction endonuclease analysis data. the analysis was performed to assist the determination of chronologic trends in an aujeszky's disease viral epidemic in a geographic region. dna from each viral isolate obtained during the epidemic was digested with 4 restriction endonucleases and molar ratio labeled to generate separate fragment patter ... | 1999 | 12968755 |
| single inoculation of replication-defective adenovirus-vectored vaccines at birth in piglets with maternal antibodies induces high level of antibodies and protection against pseudorabies. | in neonates, one limitation of vaccination is its inhibition by maternal antibodies. we show that piglets vaccinated intramuscularly once at birth with recombinant replication-defective adenoviruses developed comparable neutralizing antibody response against pseudorabies virus, independently of the presence or absence of maternal antibodies, and were partially protected against challenge 16 weeks later. | 2000 | 10699321 |
| immunogenic properties of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinant expressing major pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins in combination. | a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), designated bhv-1/tf17-1, which expresses pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, ge and gi in combination was constructed. to test the protective immunity, 10 mice were inoculated with bhv-1/tf17-1 and three weeks later 10 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) challenged with 20 ld50 virulent prv (ys-81). bhv-1/tf17-1 protected all the mice from the prv lethal challenge while all the control mice died in around 3 days. mice vaccinated with ... | 2000 | 10993182 |
| a comparative study of pseudorabies virus (prv) strains with defects in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes. | in the course of two experiments, an examination was made of the virulence and neuroinvasiveness for pigs of two pseudorabies virus mutants (strain 6c2tk(-), with a defect in thymidine kinase (tk) function; and strain 6c2tk(-), gi(-)/ge(-), with defects in tk and glycoproteins i and e) and of the wild-type parent strain (86/27v). at various times after intranasal inoculation, pigs were killed and samples of tonsil, lung and different levels of the trigeminal and olfactory nervous pathways were e ... | 2000 | 11032669 |
| a serological survey on classical swine fever (csf), aujeszky's disease (ad) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus infections in french wild boars from 1991 to 1998. | in early 1992, a csf epizootic was clinically recognised in a wild boar population of approximately 1300 animals within an area of 250km(2) located in the east of france. in order to check the csf situation in wild boars outside this area, a serological survey was carried out in the rest of france, for 8 consecutive years (1991-1998). this paper reports on the results obtained during this survey which included wild boars shot during the hunting period but also boars reared within fences. around ... | 2000 | 11042399 |
| pseudorabies virus and the functional architecture of the circadian timing system. | transneuronal tracing of neuronal circuitry with neurotropic viruses has provided valuable insights in the way in which the nervous system imposes temporal organization on physiological processes and behavior. the swine alpha herpes virus known as pseudorabies virus, or prv, has been particularly useful in this regard. early studies identified attenuated mutants with selective tropism for visual circuitry involved in circadian regulation, and subsequent experiments employing this virus have prov ... | 2000 | 11106062 |
| sequence and expression analyses of the ul37 and ul38 genes of aujeszky's disease virus. | previously, we sequenced the hsv-1 ul39-ul40 homologue genes of aujeszky's disease virus (adv), also designated as pseudorabies virus (kaliman et al., 1994a, b). now we report the nucleotide sequence of the adjacent dna that encodes ul38, the 5'-region (750 bp) of ul37, and the promoter regions between these divergently arranged two genes. the adv ul38 gene encodes a protein of 368 amino acids. amino acid sequence comparison of adv ul38 with that of other herpesviruses revealed significant struc ... | 2000 | 11402671 |
| the response of pigs inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative (tk-) pseudorabies virus to challenge infection with virulent virus. | 12 large-white-landrace piglets were subdivided in four groups of 3 and housed in separate units. the piglets of three groups were inoculated with the 86/27v 6c2 thymidine kinase negative (tk-) mutant of pseudorabies virus (prv), by different routes. a second inoculation with the same mutant was given to the pigs 21 days later. the animals of a fourth group were left as uninoculated controls. 21 days following the second inoculation with the tk- mutant all pigs were challenge infected with the v ... | 2000 | 10660255 |
| [serosurveillance of notifiable veterinary diseases in wild boar in the netherlands]. | during the hunting season 1996-1999, blood samples were collected from wild boar shot in the netherlands. sera were screened for presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), and trichinella spiralis. the results indicate that csfv, svdv, and adv are uncommon in the wild boar population. therefore, it seems that csfv, svdv, and adv infection in the wild boar population is not an important reservoir in the ... | 2000 | 10666784 |
| pseudorabies virus expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b exhibits altered neurotropism and increased neurovirulence. | herpesvirus glycoproteins play dominant roles in the initiation of infection of target cells in culture and thus may also influence viral tropism in vivo. whereas the relative contribution of several nonessential glycoproteins to neurovirulence and neurotropism of pseudorabies virus (prv), an alphaherpesvirus which causes aujeszky's disease in pigs, has recently been uncovered in studies using viral deletion mutants, the importance of essential glycoproteins is more difficult to assess. we isola ... | 2000 | 10623744 |
| the porcine humoral immune response against pseudorabies virus specifically targets attachment sites on glycoprotein gc. | high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies directed against glycoprotein gc of pseudorabies virus (prv) (suid herpesvirus 1) are generally observed in the serum of immunized pigs. a known function of the glycoprotein gc is to mediate attachment of prv to target cells through distinct viral heparin-binding domains (hbds). therefore, it was suggested that the virus-neutralizing activity of anti-prv sera is directed against hbds on gc. to address this issue, sera with high virus-neutralizing acti ... | 2000 | 10644346 |
| role of pseudorabies virus us9, a type ii membrane protein, in infection of tissue culture cells and the rat nervous system. | the protein product of the pseudorabies virus (prv) us9 gene is a phosphorylated, type ii membrane protein that is inserted into virion envelopes and accumulates in the trans-golgi network. it is among a linked group of three envelope protein genes in the unique short region of the prv genome which are absent from the attenuated bartha strain. we found that two different us9 null mutants exhibited no obvious phenotype after infection of pk15 cells in culture. unlike those of ge and gi null mutan ... | 2000 | 10623746 |
| genetic, geographical and temporal variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in illinois. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) orf5 gene sequences were generated by rt-pcr from 55 field isolates collected in illinois and eastern iowa. spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in the virus were examined on a local geographical scale in order to test the hypothesis that the genetic similarity of prrsv isolates (measured as their percentage pairwise orf5 nucleotide similarity) was positively correlated with their geographical proximity. levels of genetic ... | 2000 | 10640555 |
| a study of the ability of a tk-negative and gi/ge-negative pseudorabies virus (prv) mutant inoculated by different routes to protect pigs against prv infection. | the capacity of a tk-negative (tk-) and gi/ge-negative (gi/ge-) pseudorabies virus (prv) mutant to protect pigs against aujeszky's disease carried out by experimental infection with a virulent prv strain, was tested. there were three groups, each of four susceptible pigs which were inoculated twice by two different schedules. group 1 received the modified virus by the intradermal (first inoculation)-intramuscular (second inoculation) routes; group 2 was treated by the intranasal (first inoculati ... | 2000 | 11204130 |
| rapid diagnosis of pseudorabies virus infection in swine tissues using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | in argentina pseudorabies is an endemic disease. routine diagnosis is made by virus isolation. it is a very long procedure to carry out and gives variable results depending on the quality of sample, hence the need for effective techniques, which are rapid and not dependent on the isolation of infectious virus. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique has provided a sensitive, specific and rapid mean to detect dna sequences. this study describes a pcr method for detection of pseudorabies vir ... | 2000 | 11008701 |
| cytolytic function for pseudorabies virus-stimulated porcine cd4+ cd8dull+ lymphocytes. | we previously observed that pseudorabies (prv) virus-specific killing in vitro was mediated by cd6+ cd8+ lymphocytes. also a high percentage of cd4+ lymphocytes, among these cd6+ cd8+ lymphocytes, was observed. the purpose of this study was, therefore, to further characterize the killing ability of prv-stimulated cd4+ cd8+ lymphocytes. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were isolated from blood of prv-immune pigs and were stimulated in vitro with prv. after 6 days, the frequency of cd4+ c ... | 2000 | 11192298 |
| t helper 1-type cytokine transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pseudorabies virus (suid herpesvirus 1)-primed swine indicates efficient immunization. | the induction of porcine cytokines, which are believed to be important for the regulation of t helper (th)1- and th2-specific immune responses of pigs, was analysed after in vitro restimulation with a herpesvirus, suid herpes 1 (pseudorabies virus [prv]), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). to this end, quantitative, competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-qcpcr) was established using constructed heterologous dna mimics, which contain cytokine- or glyceraldehyde ... | 2000 | 11106942 |
| [pathogenesis of animal herpesviruses to human]. | more than 90 spices of herpes viruses have been isolated from wide variety of non-human animals. among these herpes viruses, only b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1), the natural host of which is macaque monkey, is severely pathogenic to human. b virus infects human through handling infected monkey tissues or by injury caused by infected monkey, and severe encephalitis ensues. however, in 1997 mucocutaneous infection without injury was reported. the genome structure and immunogenic property o ... | 2000 | 10774223 |
| evaluation of a blocking elisa using a urease conjugate for the detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a urease conjugate (u-b-elisa) was evaluated for screening sera for antibodies to pseudorabies virus under field conditions. a total of 764 serum samples were analyzed by u-b-elisa. of these, 264 were evaluated by both virus neutralization and u-b-elisa, and the results were compared. u-b-elisa showed 98.5% and 98.9% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. this test combines the sensitivity and specificity of the blocking elisa format ... | 2000 | 10826843 |
| the murine homolog of human nectin1delta serves as a species nonspecific mediator for entry of human and animal alpha herpesviruses in a pathway independent of a detectable binding to gd. | the full-length cdna of the murine homolog of human nectin1delta (mnectin1delta), also known as human poliovirus receptor related 1 (prr1) or herpesvirus entry mediator c, was cloned and showed a >90% identity with its human counterpart. mnectin1delta is expressed in some murine cell lines, exemplified by nih 3t3 and l cells, and in murine tissues. it mediates entry of an extended range of herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. a soluble f ... | 2000 | 10781093 |
| infection of pigs by aujeszky's disease virus via the breath of intranasally inoculated pigs. | aujeszky's disease is a worldwide problem in the pig industry. in this experiment, four pigs chosen to act as shedder pigs were intranasally infected with aujeszky's disease virus. next, on three consecutive days, eight recipient pigs were exposed to the breath of a pair of shedder pigs via a mask-to-mask module. except for the virtual absence of cns signs, shedder pigs expressed clinical signs that were similar to pigs infected naturally or experimentally. only mild respiratory signs occurred i ... | 2000 | 10877966 |
| characterization of the replication origin (ori(s)) and adjoining parts of the inverted repeat sequences of the pseudorabies virus genome. | the dna sequence of a 2.4 kbp fragment located in the internal and terminal inverted repeat sequences of the pseudorabies virus genome determined in this study closes a gap between the previously described genes for the icp4 and icp22 homologues. the novel sequence contains no conserved herpesvirus open reading frames. northern blot and cdna analyses revealed a viral immediate-early transcript of 1.8 kb, which is spliced by the removal of two small introns close to its 5' end and which presumabl ... | 2000 | 10811937 |
| evaluation and validation of virus removal by ultrafiltration during the production of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (dclhb). | virus retention during ultrafiltration through a/g technology filter cartridges was investigated to characterize the removal process and validate the degree of virus titre reduction during the filtration of red blood cell haemolysates performed as part of the production of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (dclhb). when viruses were suspended in phosphate buffered saline solution, retention was greater with larger sized viruses and smaller filter pore size. virus titre was maintained at starting ... | 2000 | 10885615 |
| corrigendum to "a dna vaccine coding for glycoprotein b of pseudorabies virus induces cell-mediated immunity in pigs and reduces virus excretion early after infection" | 2000 | 10889307 | |
| replication and virulence of early protein 0 and long latency transcript deficient mutants of the aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus. | early protein 0 (ep0)-deficient recombinant aujeszky's disease viruses, ka-ep0lac and ba-ep0lac derived from strains kaplan and bartha, respectively, were constructed to explore the impact of the mutation on replication, virulence and latency of the virus. inactivation of the ep0 gene resulted in a mutation of long latency transcript (cheung et al., 1991) that is located on the complementary dna strand of ep0 and immediate early protein (ie)175 genes. in infection of immortalized porcine kidney ... | 2000 | 11018448 |
| a highly specific and sensitive sandwich blocking elisa based on baculovirus expressed pseudorabies virus glycoprotein b. | a direct sandwich blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bacgb elisa) based on the reaction between a monoclonal antibody (mab) and a recombinant glycoprotein b (gb) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was developed. this protein was obtained in large quantities from insect cells infected with a prv gb recombinant baculovirus. expression of the gb was confirmed by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) with gb specific mabs. the specificity and sensitivity of the developed bacgb elisa were evaluat ... | 2000 | 10921843 |
| detection of porcine enteroviruses by nrt-pcr: differentiation of cpe groups i-iii with specific primer sets. | porcine enteroviruses (pev) comprising at least 13 serotypes grouped into three species are described as causative agents of neurological disorders, fertility disorders, and dermal lesions of swine. despite their well-documented acid stability, enteric infection route, and similarity of clinical symptoms, most of the porcine enterovirus (pev) serotypes are set apart from the genus enterovirus of the picornaviridae. hence, pcr procedures used commonly to detect enteroviruses are not applicable to ... | 2000 | 10960708 |