Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| failure to demonstrate equine rhinopneumonitis virus as a cause of abortion in mares in new zealand. | 1976 | 190568 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the netherlands. | the prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested. the observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation test was 39%. p ... | 1979 | 219560 |
| enzyme activity in the serum of thoroughbred horses in the united kingdom. | this paper records the concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (a.a.t.), creatine kinase (c.p.k.), sorbitol dehydrogenase (s.d.h.), alpha-hydroxybuturate dehydrogenase (alpha-h.b.d.) and alkaline phosphatase (a.p.) activity observed in the sera of thoroughbred horses in the united kingdom, at rest and during training. the methods of analysis have been selected to achieve the optimum precision when used for horse serum. during training a.a.t., c.p.k. and alpha-h.b.d. are related and demonst ... | 1975 | 1116493 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus and differentiation of equine herpesvirus type 1 from type 4 by the polymerase chain reaction. | although both equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) can be associated with respiratory disease, epizootics caused by ehv-1 are much more serious because the virus can cause abortions and paralysis. it is, therefore, important to identify the type of ehv involved in an outbreak by a test that is quick, sensitive, and reliable. we have adapted the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect and distinguish between ehv-1 and ehv-4 in the same reaction. primers for pc ... | 1992 | 1335829 |
| susceptibility of a line of dolphin kidney cell culture to several herpesviruses. | a cell line was established from cell cultures of kidney cortex of a pantropical spotted dolphin, stenella attenuate. the replication of 6 strains of herpesviruses was studied in the cells. five strains of them, herpes simplex virus type i and type ii, equine rhinopneumonitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and aujeszky's disease virus, were grown fairly well in showing clear cytopathic effects and plaques under agar overlay medium. | 1992 | 1460566 |
| sequence analysis of the 4.7-kb bamhi-ecori fragment of the equine herpesvirus type-1 short unique region. | to localize gene that may encode immunogens potentially important for recombinant vaccine design, we have analysed a region of the equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) genome where a glycoprotein-encoding gene had previously been mapped. the 4707-bp bamhi-ecori fragment from the short unique region of the ehv-1 genome was sequenced. this sequence contains three entire open reading frames (orfs), and portions of two more. orf1 codes for 161 amino acids (aa), and represents the c terminus of a possib ... | 1991 | 1647359 |
| one way protection between equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 in vivo. | two groups each of six sibling ponies were exposed to sequential infections with equid herpesvirus 1 or 4 (ehv-1 or ehv-4) at four or five month intervals. two exposures to ehv-4 did not significantly reduce virus shedding or pyrexia when the ponies were subsequently exposed to ehv-1. however, two sequential infections with ehv-1 completely protected against challenge with ehv-4. virus neutralising antibody in each group did not increase until 21 days after primary exposure and was subtype speci ... | 1990 | 2159176 |
| characterization of the high mr glycoprotein (gp300) of equine herpesvirus type 1 as a novel glycoprotein with extensive o-linked carbohydrate. | the high mr glycoprotein (gp300) of equine herpesvirus type 1 was found to have an mr, estimated by sds-page, of over 400,000 and was confirmed as being a surface glycoprotein by 125i-labelling. in contrast to [3h]glucosamine, gp300 showed very low levels of [3h]glucosamine, gp300 showed very low levels of [3h]mannose incorporation. the mr of gp300 showed no detectable change upon treatment of purified virus with n-glycanase, and showed only a small change in virus-infected cells treated with tu ... | 1990 | 2172454 |
| identification of the gb homologues of equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 as disulphide-linked heterodimers and their characterization using monoclonal antibodies. | equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) labelled with [14c]glucosamine were purified from infected cell culture medium and profiles of their structural proteins were obtained that enabled identification of the major glycoproteins. nine glycosylated polypeptides were identified for each virus. preparations of the purified viruses each contained a glycoprotein which was linked by disulphide bonds, as determined by diagonal gel electrophoresis under reducing/non-reducing conditions. high ... | 1989 | 2543773 |
| latency of equine herpesvirus 4. | 1988 | 2851205 | |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gb gene of equine herpesvirus 4. | the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gb gene of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) was determined. the gene was located within a bamhi genomic library by a combination of southern and dot-blot hybridization with probes derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb dna sequence. the predominant portion of the coding sequences was mapped to a 2.95-kilobase bamhi-ecori subfragment at the left-hand end of bamhi-c. potential tata box, cat box, and mrna start site sequences and the translat ... | 1989 | 2915378 |
| equine herpesvirus genomes: heterogeneity of naturally occurring type 4 isolates and of a type 1 isolate after heterologous cell passage. | the restriction endonuclease dna fingerprints of 20 low passage, epidemiologically unrelated isolates of equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) showed considerable heterogeneity in certain fragments, the positions of which were assigned to quite restricted positions on the 141 kilobase (kb) genome. we note that the heterogeneity observed in the restriction endonuclease dna fingerprints of ehv 1 (equine abortion virus) and of pseudorabies virus also tend to map to these same restric ... | 1986 | 3022687 |
| [inactivation of equine rhinopneumonitis virus on various surfaces]. | 1970 | 5519288 | |
| neutrophils in antiviral immunity: inhibition of virus replication by a mediator produced by bovine neutrophils. | neutrophils collected from bovine mammary glands were placed in culture with virus-infected cell preparations that had been inactivated by ultraviolet light. upon culture with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus-infected georgia bovine kidney cells, a material was released from the neutrophils that, like interferon, inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and ibr virus. cell-free ibr virus was a less effective inducer of the inhibitor produced by neutrophils. other herp ... | 1980 | 6154112 |
| immunologic relationships between equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) and type 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus). | the specificity of selected immune responses to equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) was examined in 3 colostrum-deprived specific-pathogen-free foals. single foals were vaccinated with inactivated ehv-1, inactivated ehv-4, or control cell lysate plus adjuvant followed by successive intranasal challenge exposures with ehv-1 and ehv-4 or with ehv-4 and ehv-1. vaccination with inactivated virus preparations elicited cellular immune responses and antibody which were augmented by sub ... | 1984 | 6208822 |
| the nucleotide sequence of asinine herpesvirus 3 glycoprotein g indicates that the donkey virus is closely related to equine herpesvirus 1. | the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g (gg) homologue of asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv3), a respiratory alphaherpesvirus of donkeys, was determined. the ahv3 gg gene consists of 1233 base pairs (bp) and codes for a predicted protein of 411 amino acids. this is identical in size to the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) gg gene and 6 amino acids longer than the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) gg gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of ahv3 gg has characteristics of a class 1 membrane protein. the ami ... | 1995 | 7487497 |
| use of lambda gt11 to identify antigenic components of equine herpesvirus 4. | a library of the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) genome was constructed in the lambda gt11 expression vector. recombinant bacteriophage expressing ehv-4 antigens as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins were detected with rabbit antiserum raised against ehv-4 virions and convalescent horse serum. ehv-4 dna sequences contained in the immunopositive recombinants were used as hybridization probes for mapping the genes encoding the antigens on the viral genome. the dna sequence of the probes was determine ... | 1994 | 7521096 |
| epitopes of glycoprotein g of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 located near the c termini elicit type-specific antibody responses in the natural host. | specific serological diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) and ehv1 (equine abortion virus) hitherto has not been possible because of extensive antigenic cross-reactivity between these two closely related but distinct viruses. recently, we identified ehv4 glycoprotein g (gg) and characterized it as a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein (b. s. crabb, h. s. nagesha, and m. j. studdert, virology 190:143-154, 1992). this paper shows that ehv1 gg also possesses type ... | 1993 | 7690425 |
| replication of equid herpesvirus 4 in endothelial cells and synovia of a field case of viral pneumonia and synovitis in a foal. | equid herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) infection was diagnosed as the cause of interstitial pneumonia in a 6-week-old conventionally reared welsh pony foal, by cocultivation and immunolabelling with specific monoclonal antibodies, ehv-4 specific amplification of viral dna, and immunohistological examination of infected tissues. the case was novel in that replication of the ehv-4 isolate in endothelial cells and in the synovial epithelium was a feature. restriction digests of this isolate were compared with ... | 1995 | 7769144 |
| equine herpesviruses 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) and 1 (equine abortion virus). | 1995 | 7793324 | |
| identification of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus gene encoding an immunogenic protein with a predicted m(r) of 32 kilodaltons. | the nucleotide sequence of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) gene which maps immediately upstream from the glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene was determined. the gene, designated p32, encodes a predicted polypeptide of 298 amino acids with an estimated m(r) of 32,000 daltons. the predicted protein sequence has four potential n-glycosylation sites and a signal sequence at the n-terminal region. amino acid residues in the nh2-terminal region of the p32 protein exhibit similarity to glycoprotei ... | 1993 | 8212855 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene in feline herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the herpes simplex virus gene encoding the glycoprotein h. | a gene encoding the glycoprotein h (gh) homologue of feline herpesvirus type 1 was identified and sequenced. it was located immediately downstream of the thymidine kinase gene within an ecori 6.6 kbp fragment. in addition, a partial ul21 homologous gene was located downstream of the gh homologous gene. the primary translation product of the gh homologous gene is predicted to consist of 821 amino acids with a molecular weight of 92.5 kda. it possesses several characteristics typical of transmembr ... | 1993 | 8394688 |
| expression of small regions of equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein c in escherichia coli. | a series of truncated equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) glycoprotein c (gc) molecules was examined for use as serodiagnostic antigens for ehv1 and ehv4. small regions of ehv1 glycoprotein c, an immunodominant ehv1 glycoprotein, were expressed in escherichia coli as glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins using the bacterial expression vector pgex-2t. sera obtained from horses, including sera from specific-pathogen-free (spf) foals, following exposure to either ehv1, ehv4 or both viruses were u ... | 1995 | 8545955 |
| high molecular weight polypeptide bands specific for equine herpesvirus 4. | serum neutralisation (sn) and immunoblotting were used in attempts to distinguish between natural infections with the closely related viruses equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) and equine herpes-virus 4 (ehv-4). horse sera (n = 323) collected in 1990 from studs with no experience of ehv-1 abortions as well as 197 sera collected in 1992 from studs with a history of ehv-1 abortions were tested by sn. the two groups differed in the proportion with measurable ehv-1 antibody, the 1992 group being significa ... | 1995 | 8545957 |
| lack of virulence of the murine fibroblast adapted strain, kentucky a (kya), of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) in young horses. | the virulence of the cell culture adapted kya strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1), which lacks at least six genes by deletions in its genome, was assessed by intranasal inoculation of six young horses that were serologically negative for ehv-1. no horses showed clinical signs, and a neutralizing antibody response against ehv-1 was detected in two horses which had antibodies against ehv-4 prior to the inoculation. a challenge experiment using a highly virulent strain of ehv-1 conducted 4 ... | 1996 | 9054131 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein i and e genes of equine herpesvirus type 4. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein i (gi) and e (ge) genes of equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) strain th20 were determined. the predicted region encoding the ehv-4 gi gene is 1,263 nucleotides, corresponding to a polypeptide of 420 amino acids in length. the predicted region encoding the ehv-4 ge gene is 1,647 nucleotides, corresponding to a polypeptide of 548 amino acids in length. the ehv-4 gi and ge genes show 74% and 85% identity at the amino acid level with those of equine herpes ... | 1998 | 9524947 |
| diagnosis and sero-epizootiology of equine herpesvirus type 1 and type 4 infections in japan using a type-specific elisa. | recently, a type-specific elisa using equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) glycoprotein gs (ggs) was developed by crabb and studdert [1993]. to investigate the dissemination of ehv-1 and -4 among horses in japan, we applied their elisa as suitable for discriminating between ehv-1 and -4 infections serologically. type-specificity of the elisa was confirmed by using paired sera of infected horses with either ehv-1 or -4. application of the elisa to sera collected before and after t ... | 1998 | 9819768 |
| efficacy of a commercial vaccine for preventing disease caused by influenza virus infection in horses. | to evaluate efficacy of a commercial vaccine for prevention of infectious upper respiratory tract disease (iurd) caused by equine influenza virus. | 1999 | 10397067 |
| latency-associated transcripts of equine herpesvirus type 4 in trigeminal ganglia of naturally infected horses. | equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) is a major respiratory pathogen of horses. unlike most other members of the alphaherpesvirinae, ehv-4 was regarded as non-neurotropic. here, neural and lymphoid tissues of 17 horses have been analysed post-mortem. ehv-4 dna was detected in 11 cases (65%) by pcr, exclusively in the trigeminal ganglia. in order to define the transcriptional activity, rna preparations of 10 ehv-4 dna-positive ganglia were investigated by nested rt-pcr. ehv-4-specific transcripts de ... | 1999 | 10466816 |
| determination of equid herpesvirus 1-specific, cd8+, cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursor frequencies in ponies. | the frequency of antigen-specific, genetically restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors (ctlp) was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of ponies before and after infection with equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1). split-well limiting dilution analysis (lda) was developed to measure ctlp frequency using ehv1-infected 51cr-labelled lymphoblasts as targets. extensive characterisation showed that recombinant human interleukin-2, autologous antigen presenting cells and equine serum conta ... | 1999 | 10507286 |
| the c-terminal regions of the envelope glycoprotein gp2 of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 are antigenically distinct. | the unusual mucin-like high molecular mass (mr) glycoprotein 2 (gp2) has only been described in the equid alphaherpesviruses, among which there is considerable antigenic cross-reactivity. equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) gp2 is cleaved into a highly glycosylated n-terminal subunit and a 42 kda c-terminal cleavage product. in order to investigate their antigenic recognition by horses naturally infected with ehv-1 and/or equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4), the c-terminal cleavage product and high mr gp2 wer ... | 2002 | 11958459 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections: an update. | equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) are important ubiquitous equine viral pathogens, causing much damage to the horse industry. ehv1 strains are associated with respiratory disease, abortion, and paresis/paralysis, whereas ehv4 strains are predominantly associated with respiratory disease. in the past decades much research effort has been put into improving knowledge about these viruses. in this paper the current state of knowledge of these viruses and the most important ... | 2002 | 12095082 |
| the mouse is not permissive for equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv-2), however viral dna persisted in lung and spleen depending on the inoculation route. | balb/c mice were inoculated with 3 ehv-2 low passage isolates. after intranasal inoculation, viral dna was detected by virus-specific nested pcr in the lung up to day 30 post inoculation and in nasal turbinates till day 7. in trigeminal ganglia, olfactory bulb, brain and lymph nodes viral dna was randomly shown by pcr. after intraperitoneal inoculation viral dna was present in lymphoid tissues. the spleen was pcr positive up to day 30 and showed a splenomegaly. clinical signs, virus replication ... | 2002 | 12111417 |
| equid herpesvirus (ehv-1) live vaccine strain c147: efficacy against respiratory diseases following ehv types 1 and 4 challenges. | the temperature sensitive and host range mutant clone 147 of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) was assessed for its ability to protect conventional, susceptible adult horses against respiratory infection by ehv-1 and equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4). intranasal (in) vaccination with 5.2 log(10) tcid(50) did not cause adverse clinical reactions although a limited virus shedding and viraemia (leukocytes) was observed in 11 of 15 and 10 of 15 vaccinated horses respectively. all 15 vaccinated horses showed a ... | 2003 | 12488066 |
| detection of ehv-1 and ehv-4 in placental sections of naturally occurring ehv-1- and ehv-4-related abortions in the uk: use of the placenta in diagnosis. | ehv-1 and ehv-4 abortion diagnosis is based upon detailed examination of the aborted fetus. however, in some cases, only the placenta is available for examination. furthermore, the contribution of lesions in the placenta to pathogenesis and diagnosis of ehv-1 and ehv-4 abortion has been neglected. | 2003 | 12875318 |
| in vitro serum neutralization of hamster-propagated equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | 1959 | 13619291 | |
| etiologic study on an outbreak of acute respiratory disease among colts due to equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | 1962 | 14031490 | |
| infection and growth of equine rhinopneumonitis virus in cultured horse kidney cells. | 1963 | 14057137 | |
| seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 in mares and foals on a large hunter valley stud farm in years pre- and postvaccination. | to examine the prevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 antibody in mares and foals on a large hunter valley thoroughbred stud farm in new south wales before and after the introduction of an inactivated whole virus vaccine. | 2003 | 15084039 |
| detection of ehv-1 and ehv-4 dna in unweaned thoroughbred foals from vaccinated mares on a large stud farm. | a silent cycle of equine herpesvirus 1 infection has been described following epidemiological studies in unvaccinated mares and foals. in 1997, an inactivated whole virus ehv-1 and ehv-4 vaccine was released commercially in australia and used on many stud farms. however, it was not known what effect vaccination might have on the cycle of infection of ehv-1. | 2004 | 15163042 |
| efficacy of a live equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) strain c147 vaccine in foals with maternally-derived antibody: protection against ehv-1 infection. | currently, there is no recommended immunoprophylaxis against febrile respiratory diseases due to equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) and -4 (ehv-4) in horses below age 5-6 months. this is because of interference by maternally-derived antibody (mda) of vaccines. | 2004 | 15253088 |
| equine herpesviruses 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4)--epidemiology, disease and immunoprophylaxis: a brief review. | this review concentrates on the epidemiology, latency and pathogenesis of, and the approaches taken to control infection of horses by equine herpesvirus types 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4). although both viruses may cause febrile rhinopneumonitis, ehv-1 is the main cause of abortions, paresis and neonatal foal deaths. the lesion central to these three conditions is necrotising vasculitis and thrombosis resulting from lytic infection of endothelial cells lining blood capillaries. the initiation of infe ... | 2005 | 15993786 |
| equine respiratory viruses in foals in new zealand. | to identify the respiratory viruses that are present among foals in new zealand and to establish the age at which foals first become infected with these viruses. | 2002 | 16032260 |
| equine herpesvirus neurological disease. | 2008 | 18302993 | |
| varicellovirus ul 49.5 proteins differentially affect the function of the transporter associated with antigen processing, tap. | cytotoxic t-lymphocytes play an important role in the protection against viral infections, which they detect through the recognition of virus-derived peptides, presented in the context of mhc class i molecules at the surface of the infected cell. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) plays an essential role in mhc class i-restricted antigen presentation, as tap imports peptides into the er, where peptide loading of mhc class i molecules takes place. in this study, the ul 49.5 ... | 2008 | 18516302 |
| glycoprotein g from pseudorabies virus binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits their function. | pseudorabies virus (prv), also known as suid herpesvirus, is the aetiological agent of aujeszky's disease in swine. in other animals, except higher-order primates, prv infection is often fatal. the mechanisms of prv pathogenesis and immune modulation are largely unknown. prv codes for 11 glycoproteins. among them, glycoprotein g (gg) is the most abundant prv protein found in the supernatant of prv-infected cell cultures. prv-gg has low amino acid sequence similarity with gg from other animal alp ... | 2010 | 19776237 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 and differentiating a gene-deleted candidate vaccine strain from wild-type equid herpesvirus 1 strains. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel method for the rapid and sensitive detection of dna without the need for expensive equipment. in the present study, lamp assays were developed for the specific detection of equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4, respectively) and for the differentiation of glycoprotein e (ge)-deleted ehv-1 (deltage) strain, a candidate strain for a live vaccine, from field ehv-1 strains. specific primer sets were designed for the gc and ge genes of eh ... | 2010 | 20093679 |
| glycoprotein c of equine herpesvirus 4 plays a role in viral binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. | heparan sulfate moieties of cell surface proteoglycans serve as receptors for several herpesviruses. for herpes simplex virus 1, pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus 1, glycoprotein c (gc) homologues have been shown to mediate the binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. however, the role of gc in equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) infection has not yet been analyzed. using pull-down assay, we first determined that ehv-4 gc as well as gb are heparin-binding glycoproteins. to study the role of gc ... | 2010 | 20236610 |
| induction of a th-1-biased igg subclass response against equine herpesvirus type 1 in horses previously infected with type 4 virus. | an immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass response against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection was investigated in horses that were naïve to ehv-1/4 and those that had previously been exposed to ehv-4. the igg subclass response was determined by an elisa using ehv-1-specific recombinant gg protein as an antigen. in most horses naïve to ehv-1/4, igga, iggb, and igg(t) were induced after experimental infection with ehv-1. in contrast, a subclass response dominated by igga and iggb, with no appare ... | 2010 | 21139350 |
| equine herpesvirus 4: recent advances using bac technology. | the equine herpesviruses are major infectious pathogens that threaten equine health. equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) is an important equine pathogen that causes respiratory tract disease, known as rhinopneumonitis, among horses worldwide. ehv-4 genome manipulation with subsequent understanding of the viral gene functions has always been difficult due to the limited number of susceptible cell lines and the absence of small-animal models of the infection. efficient generation of mutants of ehv-4 woul ... | 2011 | 21292410 |
| equine alphaherpesviruses (ehv-1 and ehv-4) differ in their efficiency to infect mononuclear cells during early steps of infection in nasal mucosal explants. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) replicates extensively in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, after which it can spread throughout the body via a cell-associated viremia in mononuclear leukocytes reaching the pregnant uterus and central nervous system. in a previous study, we were able to mimic the in vivo situation in an in vitro respiratory mucosal explant system. a plaquewise spread of ehv-1 was observed in the epithelial cells, whereas in the connective tissue below the basement ... | 2011 | 21536394 |
| prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the netherlands. | summary the prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested. the observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation tes ... | 1979 | 22039753 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |